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S6  Ap  '94 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


WOOL 


AND 


MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


BY 


WORTHINGTON   O.  FORD, 

CHIEF  OF  THE  BUREAU  OF  STATISTICS,  TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE. 
1894. 


WOOL. 


Resolved  by  the  House  of  Representatives  {the  Senate  concurring),  That  there  he  printed 
a  new  edition  of  the  special  report  of  the  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  of  the 
Treasury  Department  relating  to  wool  and  the  manufactures  of  wool,  published  by 
order  of  Congress  in  1888,  with  the  matter  contained  therein  brought  down  to  date, 
3,000  copies  for  the  use  of  the  Senate,  6,000  for  the  use  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
and  2,000  for  distribution  by  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  of  the  Treasury  Department. 
(H.  Mis.  Doc.  94,  Fifty-second  Congress,  second  session.) 

Passed  House  February  28,  1893;  Senate,  March  3,  1893.  • 
2 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Page. 

Letter  of  transmittal   3 

Introductory  report   5 

Increased  production  of  wool   5 

Internal  movements,  sheep  industry,  Victoria   7 

Increased  consumption  of  wool   8 

Scope  of  this  report   9 

Woolen  industry   11 

Wool  production  of  the  world  :   11 

Sources  of  supply  of  wool   13 

Depression  of  sheep  interests   15 

Domestic  clip  of  wool    16 

Distribution  of  sheep   IS 

Weight,  of  fleeces     19 

Commerce  in  wool   20 

European  imports  of  wool   22 

Imports  into  the  United  States   23 

Import  prices  of  wool  r   24 

Conclusion   25 

Acknowledgments   26 

APPENDIX. 

SHEEP,  WOOL  CLIP,  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Number  of  sheep  by  States,  1840  to  1890   32 

Production  of  wool,  1840-1890   33 

Number  of  sheep,  by  States,  1875-1894   36 

Wool  clip  of  the  United  States,  1866-1887   42 

increased  per  cent,  periods  of  five  years   43 

1886   44 

1887   45 

1889   46 

1890  ;   47 

1891   -48 

1892   49 

1893   50 

Price  of  imported  wools,  1867-1893   51 

Wool  manufactures,  establishments,  and  capital  invested   52 

Hands  employed  and  wages  paid   53 

Cost  of  materials  used   54 

Value  of  product   55 

Woolen  manufactures,  1880  and  1890    56 

Price  of  wools  in  New  York,  1824  to  1893    59 

Philadelphia,  1865  to  1894    61 

Exports  of  domestic  wools,  sheep,  and  manufactures,  1821-1893   85 

Tariffs  on  wool  and  manufactures  of,  1789-1890    87 

I 


II 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Page. 

Wool  and  Woolens:  Synopsis  of  Decisions  of  the  Treasury  Depart- 


ment CINDER  THE  TARIFF  LAWS  OF  1883  AND  1890     115 

[reports  of  WOOL  and  Manufactures  of,  into  the  United  States,  1821 

to  1893   303 

Imports  of  wools  by  countries,  exports  of  foreign  wools,  and  net  imports  of 

wools,  1822-1893    304 

Net  imports  of  wool  manufactures,  1821-1893    319 

Imports  of  wool  by  ideographical  divisions,  1856-1 893    323  ' 

Imports  and  duties,  1821-1866   328 

1867-1883    338 

1884-1893   392 

Imports  of  raw  wools,  into  New  York,  Boston,  and  Philadelphia,  by  countries 

of  production  and  immediate  shipment,  1882-1893    133 

Sheep  and  Lambs,  World's  Stock   467 

Foreign  Import  Duties  on  Wool  and  Hair   473 

Dominion  of  Canada: 

Number  of  sheep  in   477 

Exports  of  wool,  imports  of  manufactures  of   477 

Imports  of  wool  and  manufactures,  1889-1893    478 

Europe. 

Austria-Hungary  : 

Imports  of  wool,  1892   506 

Exports  of  wool,  1892    507 

Imports  and  exports  of  wool  and  manufactures  of,  1875-1891   509 

Belgium: 

Imports  and  exports  of  wool,  1885  and  1891   509,510 

Import  value  of  wool,  1885  to  1891   511 

Imports  and  exports  of  wool,  1892   512 

Imports  and  exports  of  wool  and  manufactures  of,  1874  to  1891   513 

Denmark : 

Number  of  sheep  in   513 

Imports  and  exports  of  wool  and  manufacturers  of,  1874  to  1891   514 

France: 

Prices  of  foreign  wools   514 

Domestic  clip   515 

Prices  of  wool,  1861  to  1891   516 

Tariff  on  wool   517 

Imports  and  exports  of  wool  and  manufacturers  of,  1861  to  1891   518 

Imports  of  wools,  by  countries,  1883  to  1892   519 

Exports  of  wool,  by  countries,  1883  to  1892   521 

Exports  of  wool  manufactures,  by  countries,  1883  to  1892   524 

(  iERMANY : 

Imports  and  exports,  1892   532 

Tariff  on  wool   532 

Number  of  sheep  in   533 

Imports  and  exports  of  wool  and  manufactures  of,  1875  to  1891   534 

Italy: 

Imports  of  wool,  1892   535 

Domestie  clip,  1890   536 

Tariff  on  wool   539 

Imports  of  wool  and  manufactures   539 

Netherlands: 

Imports  of  wool,  1888  to  1892   540 

Exports  of  wool   543 

Imports  and  exports  of  wool  and  manufactures  of,  1866  to  1891    541 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS.  Ill 

Norway  :                                                 *  page. 

Number  of  sheep  in   548 

Imports  of  wool  and  manufactures  of,  1874  to  1891   548 

Portugal : 

Imports  and  exports  of  wool  and  manufactures  of,  1874  to  1890   549 

Russia: 

Production  of  wool   549 

Tariff  on  wool   55o 

Carpet  wools   550 

Exports  of  wool,  1888  to  1892   553 

Imports  and  exports  of  wool  and  manufactures  of   556 

Spain  : 

Exports  of  wool  to  United  Kingdom,  1831  to  1840    556 

Exports  of  raw  wool,  1880  and  1891   557 

Imports  and  exports  of  wool  and  manufactures  of,  1866  to  1891  .'  558 

Number  of  sheep  in   548 

Imports  of  wool  and  manufactures  of,  1873  to  1891   559 

Switzerland. 

Imports  and  exports  of  wool  and  manufactures,  1885  to  1891 . .   559 

United  Kingdom. 

Number  of  sheep  in  and  wool  clips  of,  1800  to  1882    560 

Wool  clip,  1893    561 

The  London  wool  market  (Helmuth  Schwartze  &  Co.) : 

January  11,  1887    562 

January  11, 1888    563 

January  10, 1889    564 

January  9, 1890    566 

January  8,1891    567 

January  9,1892    569 

January  9, 1893    570 

January  9, 1894   572 

Prices  of  wool,  1886  to  1893    574 

Importations  of  colonial  wool  into  Europe  and  America,  1860  to  1893   574 

Import  prices,  1878  to  1892   575 

Export  prices,  1878  to  1892    576 

Prices  of  Lincoln  wool,  1812  to  1893   577 

Prices  of  Alpaca  and  mohair,  1856  to  1893   577 

Imports  of  wool,  1844  to  1860   578 

1861  to  1892   579 

manufactures  of,  1861  to  1892   581 

by  countries,  1888  to  1892   582 

manufactures  of,  by  countries,  1888  to  1892   586 

Exports  of  wool  and  manufactures  of,  1860  to  1892    590 

by  countries,  1888  to  1892   592 

The  East. 

China  : 

Exports  of  wool   635 

Imports  of  manufactures  of   636 

China  wools   636 

Japan : 

Imports  of  wool  and  manufactures  of,  1868  to  1892    637 

Turkey  in  Asia: 

Sheep  and  wool  in   640 

Exports  of  wool,  1891  and  1892   650 


IV  TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

Persia  :  Page. 

Exports  of  wool,  1891  and  1892. .".   650 

Egypt : 

Number  of  sheep  in   651 

Imports  and  exports  of  wool  and  manufactures  of,  1879  to  1891    651 

Morocco     651 

Regency  of  Tunis   652 

British  India   652 

Ceylon   653 

Natal   653 

Cape  of  Good  Hope   654 

America. 

Mexico   657 

Argentine  Republic  : 

Number  of  sheep  in  and  wool  clip  of,  1857  to  1887    657 

Exports  of  wool  and  sheepskins,  1866  to  1890   658 

Wool  industry   659 

Wool  clip  compared  with  other  countries   661 

Value  of  annual  yiekl,  1881  to  1890   662 

Exports  of  wool   662 

Uruguay : 

Exports  of  wool,  1890  and  1892   663 

Peru  : 

Exports  of  wool,  1892   664 

Chile  : 

Exports  of  wool,  1892   664 

Brazil  : 

Exports  of  wool,  1892   664 

Jamaica: 

Imports  of  woolen  manufactures,  1877  to  1891   664 

Mauritius: 

Imports  of  woolen  manufactures,  1877  to  1891   . .  664 

Australasia. 

Victoria  : 

Number  of  sheep  in   666 

Exports  of  wool,  1836  to  1890   667 

Exports  of  wool  by  countries,  1888  to  1890    668 

Imports  and  exports  of  wool  and  manufactures  of   669 

New  South  Wales  : 

Number  of  sheep  in   670 

Imports  and  exports  of  wool,  1875  to  1892   672 

Exports  of  wool  by  countries,  1889  to  1891    673 

Exports  of  domestic  wools,  1877  to  1891   673 

Western  Australia  : 

Number  of  sheep  in   674 

Exports  of  wool   674 

Queensland  : 

Number  of  sheep  in  !   675 

Exports  of  wool  ,   676 

South  Australia  : 

Imports  and  exports  of  wool,  1875  to  1892   677 

Number  of  sheep  in,  1873  to  1893   677 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS.  V 

Tasmania  :  Page. 

Exports  of  wool,  1875  to  1892   '   681 

New  Zealand  : 

Exports  of  wool,  1875  to  1892    681 

DIAGRAMS. 

Wool,  raw,  imported  and  exported  into  aud  from  j)rincipal  countries  during 

the  year  1891  Frontispiece 

World's  wool  supply  since  1860   11 

World's  production  of  wool   14 

Number  of  sheep  in  United  States  by  geographical  divisions  1875-1894   18 

1860, 1870, 1880, 1890,  and  1893   32 

Number  of  sheep  in  the  United  States,  1875  to  1892   36 

Sheep  in  States  aud  Territories.  1875-1894   39 

Wool  clip  of  the  United  States,  1872  to  1893    42 

Prices  of  wool  in  Philadelphia,  1865  to  1894   61 

Value  of  raw  wool  and  manufactures  of,  exported  from  the  principal  foreign 

countries   85 

Consumption  of  wool  in  the  United  States,  1840  to  1893   87 

Comparative  quantities  of  wool  manufactured,  imported,  and  home  grown, 

United  States,  England,  France,  and  Germany   115 

Imports  of  wool  into  the  United  States,  1822  to  1893   304 

Value  of  raw  wool  and  manufactures  of,  imported  into  the  United  States   319 

Wool,  imported  for  consumption  and  duties  received   338 

manufactures  imported  for  consumption  and  duties  received   392 

Imports  of  raw  wools,  class  1,  1893   435 

Imports  of  raw  wools  into  the  United  States,  class  3,  1893    446 

Number  of  sheep  and  lambs  in  the  principal  wool-producing  countries  of  the 

world   467 

Austria-Hungary,  imports  and  exports  of  wool   505 

Belgium,  imports  and  exports  of  wool   509 

Denmark,  imports  and  exports  of  wool   513 

France,  imports  of  raw  wool  into,  1892   517 

.  exports  of  raw  wool  from,  1892   521 

Germany,  imports  and  exports  of  wool   ,  531 

Italy,  imports  of  raw  wool   535 

Norway  and  Sweden,  imports  of  raw  wool   548 

Portugal,  imports  and  exports  of  raw  wool   549 

Russia,  imports  and  exports  of  wool   553 

Spain,  imports  and  exports  of  raw  wool*   556 

United  Kingdom,  fluctuations  in  the  value  of  colonial  wools  for  twenty -five 

years   562 

wool  in,  1892   575 

imports  of  raw  wool,  1892   582 

South  Africa,  exports  of  raw  wool   654 

Number  of  sheep  in  the  United  States,  the  United  Kingdom,  Australia,  and 

South  Africa   665 

Australasia,  exports  of  raw  wool   670 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


Treasury  Department, 

Bureau  of  Statistics, 
Washington,  D.  (7.,  February  12,  1894. 

Sir:  In  accordance  with  a  joint  resolution  of  Congress  I  have  the 
honor  to  submit  a  report  upon  the  production,  commerce,  and  con- 
sumption of  wools  and  manufactures  of  wools  in  the  leading  nations  of 
the  world.  Naturally,  the  commercial  features  received  the  greater 
share  of  attention,  and  I  have  sought  to  obtain  the  latest  returns  having 
the  weight  of  official  authority.  The  tariff  decisions  alone  constitute  a 
valuable  and  necessary  guide  to  understanding  recent  tariff  legislation 
on  wools  and  woolens,  and  its  practical  working;  while  the.  elaborate 
tables  of  imports  and  exports,  of  domestic  and  foreign  prices,  covering 
a  period  of  nearly  thirty  years,  give  as  complete  a  representation  of  the 
world's  experience  in  wool  as  may  be  drawn  from  purely  statistical 
sources.  In  collecting  and  publishing  such  facts  I  believe  the  Govern- 
ment performs  one  of  the  highest  of  its  legitimate  functions,  for  it  thus 
brings  home  to  its  citizens  the  importance  of  the  industry,  whether 
measured  by  its  direct  or  its  indirect  results;  the  wide  extension  and 
influence  of  its  many  branches;  and  the  relative  importance,  com- 
mercially and  industrially,  of  the  great  nations  of  supply  and  con- 
sumption. In  tracing  the  great  changes  in  the  course  of  production 
and  trade  of  raw  wools  from  one  continent  to  another,  from  one  country 
to  another,  and  even  from  county  to  county,  the  pressure  and  limitations 
of  competition,  foreign  and  domestic,  may  be  described,  and  proper 
measures  taken  to  grant  every  advantage  to  the  domestic  sheep-raiser 
that  can  be  given  consistently  with  the  claims  and  rights  of  the  other 
interests  of  the  community. 

It  rests  with  the  sheep  farmers  themselves  rather  than  with  the  Gov- 
ernment to  assert  and  maintain  a  preeminence  in  the  local  or  foreign 
wool  market.  The  improvement  in  breed,  looking  either  to  increasing 
the  average  yield  of  wool,  or  to  the  meat  qualities  of  the  animal,  a 
question  that  must  be  decided  by  each  locality  and  according  to  the 
profits  to  be  obtained,  has  been  very  marked  among  the  sheep-raisers 
of  the  United  States.  American  wool  of  the  finer  grades  deservedly 
has  held  and  holds  a  high  reputation,  and  this  has  resulted  from  the 

3 


4 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


intelligent  and  judicious  methods  of  our  sheep-raisers.  It  is  only  by- 
continuing  such  methods  that  they  can  hope  to  maintain  this  preemi- 
nence in  quality,  and  no  effort  of  Government  can  stave  off  or  modify 
the  effects  of  internal  competition, — that  is,  the  competition  of  one  sec- 
tion of  the  country  with  other  sections, — which  is  growing  in  intensity 
from  year  to  year,  and  leading  to  a  notable  transfer  of  the  wool-raising 
center,  and  to  distinct  changes  in  the  general  methods  of  sheep-raising. 
The  best  interests  of  the  industry  are  not  to  be  decided  by  confining 
the  attention  to  domestic  conditions.  The  same  progress  needed  to 
sustain  and  advance  the  condition  of  the  domestic  sheep  and  wool  inter- 
ests, will  react  upon  the  conditions  in  foreign  markets,  and  in  favor  of 
the  United  States,  whenever  it  sees  fit  to  enter  into  a  free  competition. 
It  is  in  the  experience  of  the  world  that  the  best  lessons  are  to  be  found, 
and  from  them  are  to  be  drawn  the  policy  and  measures  that  in  the 
long  run  will  best  subserve  the  continued  advancement  and  prosperity 
of  the  wool  industries  of  the  United  States. 
Yours,  respectfully, 

WORTHINGTON  0.  FORD, 

Chief  of  Bureau. 

Hon.  J.  G.  Carlisle, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


INTRODUCTION. 


If  there  is  any  one  fact  demonstrated  by  the  experience  of  the  United 
States  in  the  sheep  industry  it  is  the  independence,  in  the  long  ran,  of 
this  interest  of  artificial  encouragement.  It  has  survived  the  restric- 
tions and  prohibitions  of  the  mother  country  in  colonial  times,  the  pen- 
alties and  discouragements  of  hostile  and  interested  legislation,  as  well 
as  the  progressive  settlement  of  the  country.  It  has  followed  economic 
law  in  spite  of  restrictions,  bounties,  and  financial  error,  and  is  to-day 
still  pursuing  its  natural  course  regardless  of  the  comjjlaints  of  low 
prices,  destructive  foreign  competition,  and  unprofitable  returns.  From 
the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century,  when  the  general  court  of  Massa- 
chusetts requested  u  those  having  friends  in  England  desiring  to  come, 
would  write  them  to  bring  as  many  sheep  as  convenient  with  them, 
which  being  carefully  endeavoured,  we  leave  the  successe  to  God,"  to 
the  last  decade  of  the  nineteenth  century,  the  rise,  development,  and 
internal  movement  of  sheep-raising  and  wool-manufacturing  indus- 
tries have  been  logical  in  the  great  lines. 

Opinions  may  differ  on  the  cause  of  an  increase  in  a  certain  direction •; 
temporary  advantage,  as  an  embargo  or  war;  the  special  favor  of  a 
tariff  for  protection  or  exclusion  of  competition,  may  have  been  more 
active  at  a  certain  period  than  an  uninterrupted  development  on  a 
normal  basis;  a  locality  naturally  favored  by  geographical  position 
or  transportation  facilities  may  have  accentuated  a  prominence  gained 
through  invention  or  extensive  employment  of  skilled  labor  and  spe- 
cialties of  make;  yet  it  maybe  asserted  that  the  general  trend  of  both 
industries  would  have  been  the  same  in  the  long  run.  The  gradual 
removal  of  wool-raising  as  an  industry  to  the  west  of  the  Mississippi, 
and  still  moving  from  the  East  to  the  West;  and  the  establishment 
of  manufactories  in  localities  favored  by  natural  and  acquired  advan 
tages — water  power,  labor,  and  accessibility — have  been  controlled  by 
no  legislative  enactment,  however  much  the  movements  may  seem  to 
have  been  influenced  in  any  particular  year  or  by  an  accidental  junc- 
ture of  circumstance. 

The  increase  in  the  production  of  wool  has  been  enormous.  In  sup- 
port of  this  may  be  cited  a  paragraph  from  Messrs.  George  William 
Bond  &  Co.'s  annual  wool  circular,  dated  January  26,  1894: 

We  shall  find  that  the  woolen  industries  of  the  world,  and  of  this  country  in  par- 
ticular, have  been  marching  forward  and  upward.  In  1893  they  are  upon  a  plane  so 
nmch  higher  than  in  1860  that  the  products  of  the  two  periods  cannot  he  considered 

5 


6 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


together.  Therefore  tariff  legislation  based  on  the  conditions  of  that  period  are  no 
longer  applicable.  On  the  other  hand,  the  conditions  of  the  wool  supply  have 
changed  even  more  radically.  Europe  has  yielded  to  the  southern  hemisphere  the 
growth  of  fine  wools.  Russia  alone  shows  an  increase,  whose  product,  like  that  of 
the  countries  east  of  her,  is  mostly  of  the  carpet  grade  of  wools,  practically  none 
of  which  are  raised  in  this  country.  The  European  countries  carry  about  the  same 
number  of  mutton  sheep  as  in  1860,  notwithstanding  the  value  of  this  wool  product 
has  been  reduced  one-half.  In  the  United  States  the  more  recent  increase  in  the 
sheep  industry  has  been  in  the  older  Middle  and  Western  States,  and  with  mutton 
sheep.  Careful  husbandry  is  supplanting  nomadic  territory  conditions,  while  the 
total  American  clip  has  increased  three-fold  in  thirty  years,  the  clip  of  Australia, 
under  management  most  intelligent  and  scientific,  has  increased  ten-fold.  The 
ranch  or  estancia  sheep  husbandry  of  South  America  has  increased  nine  fold  in  the 
same  period,  and  that  of  the  British  possessions  in  South  Africa  five-fold.  From 
without,  this  immense  increase  of  clip  in  these  purely  agricultural  countries  has 
forced  fine  Ohio  wool  down  to  the  prices  of  the  last  decade.  No  tariff  duty  has 
stayed  or  can  stay  this  cause  and  effect.  From  within,  the  same  influence  has  been 
exerted  by  the  clips  of  the  nomadic  flocks  west  of  the  Mississippi,  whose  owners  pay 
little  or  no  rental  upon  the  lands  they  occupy.  California  has  not  been  able  to  hold 
her  own  against  this  competition,  and  her  clip  has  gradually  fallen  from  56,550,- 
000  pounds  in  1876  to  33,000,000  to-day,  about  where  it  has  stood  for  the  last  seven 
years. 

Although  Australia  is  cited  as  the  marked  example  of  an  overwhelm- 
ing increase  in  wool  production — an  increase  so  marked,  as  it  is 
asserted,  to  have  swamped  the  wool  markets  of  the  world  and  depressed 
wool  prices  in  all  woolgrowing  countries — it  is  forgotten  that  there  is 
continually  acting  in  Australia  the  same  influences  leading  to  special 
and  local  decline  and  transfer  of  woolgrowing  centers  as  in  any  other 
country.  Australia  no  more  shows  a  general  or  uniform  advance 
than  does  any  European  country.  The  difference  lies  in  this :  That 
the  elements  contributing  to  an  increased  production  have  a  wider 
field  for  play  in  Australia,  or  in  any  new  country  similarly  situated, 
than  in  the  older  countries;  that  is  to  say,  the  capacity  for  growth  is 
greater  than  factors  of  decline  or  decay.  Taken  as  a  whole,  the  wool 
product  of  Australia  has  increased ;  taken  in  detail,  we  find  the  same 
periods  of  ebb  and  flow,  the  same  rapid  rise  and  often  equally  rapid 
decline  in  the  sheep  industry  of  a  town,  shire,  or  borough.  With  all  its 
wonderful  capacity  for  sheep  growing,  the  opening  of  new  districts, 
and  the  utilizing  of  possibilities  in  new  counties,  affect  often  disas- 
trously the  actual  sheep  industries  of  the  settlements  older  in  point  of 
time.  The  transfer  of  the  sheep-growing  industry  from  the  Atlantic 
States  to  the  States  of  the  Mississippi  Valley  and  from  the  Mississippi 
Valley  into  the  Territories  and  newer  States,  finds  its  exact  counterpart 
in  similar  transfer  and  movement  in  Australia. 

In  proof  of  this  I  call  attention  to  the  statement  printed  in  the 
Appendix  showing  the  number  of  sheep  in  the  shires  of  Victoria  on  the 
31st  of  March,  1883,  by  the  census  of  April  5,  1891.  I  selected  such 
shires  as  in  1891  contain  more  than  100,000  sheep.  The  total  number 
of  sheep  in  cities,  towns,  and  boroughs  of  Victoria  in  1883  was  43,486 ; 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


7 


in  1891,  64,817,  an  increase  of  49  per  cent.  The  number  of  sheep  in  the 
shires  was,  in  1883,  10,113,521;  in  1891,  12,628,026;  an  increase  of  24.8 
per  cent.  When  the  figures  of  each  shire  are  compared,  some  notable 
decline  is  found  in  spite  of  the  increase  in  the  aggregate.  Kolac 
decreased  from  414,046  to  258,481,  Kowree  from  412,177  to  348,286,  Lex- 
ton  from  125,647  to  120,115,  Marong  from  117,962  to  99,107,  Swan  Hill 
from  338,752  to  309,290,  Wannon  from  445,116  to  423,385,  and  Wimmera 
from  252,534  to  171,693.  The  presumption  is  that  in  all  the  districts 
showing  decline  there  was  some  element  actively  at  work  incapable  of 
meeting  the  competition  of  newer  districts — districts  like  Dunmunkle, 
which  increased  from  93,632  to  218,334 ;  Korong,  from  124,654  to  239,330 ; 
Mount  Eouse,  from  265,565  to  361,236,  and  Eosedale,  from  11,018  to 
157,948. 

In  order  to  emphasize  this  natural  adaptation  of  a  sheep-growing 
industry  in  Victoria  to  the  conditions  or  economy  most  favorable  to  its 
development,  Lgive  in  this  place  some  of  the  more  notable  differences 
shown  by  the  census  of  1891  over  the  census  of  1881. 


Counties. 


Anglesey  

Bendigo  

Borung  

Bourke  

Delatite  

Dundas  

Evelyn  

Gladstone  

Grant  

Grenville  

Gunbower . 

Hampden  

Kara  Kara... 

Lowan  

Moira.'  

Normanby . . . 

Polwarth  

Ripon  

Talbot  

Tanjil  

Tatcliera  

Villiers  

Wonnangatta 


1881 

1891 

255,  387 

414, 494 

295, 159 

414,  501 

593,  262 

847,  206 

353,  543 

360,  547 

275, 141 

383, 004 

978,  515 

997, 725 

24,  671 

22,  867 

256,  851 

415, 474 

497,  905 

512,  538 

648, 836 

570,  850 

171,830 

152,  220 

874,  619 

953,  079 

318,  358 

505, 105 

714,  268 

637,  294 

247,  750 

362,  620 

604,  318 

650,  884 

194,  824 

177, 745 

663, 771 

706, 952 

281,  950 

291,  205 

90, 462 

280,  746 

135, 049 

253, 612 

786,  392 

912, 920 

5,  315 

59, 136 

Such  comparisons  speak  for  themselves  and  require  no  comment. 

The  same  internal  movement  can  be  established  for  New  South  Wales, 
at  present  the  sheep  growing  country  of  the  world.  If  we  look  at  the 
number  of  sheep  in  New  South  Wales  by  geographical  divisions,  we 
find  the  largest  numbers  of  sheep  in  the  western  plains  and  on  the  west- 
ern slopes  of  the  east  central  and  southern  divisions.  In  1892  these 
figures  stood  as  follows:  Western  Plains,  which  include  Balranald, 


8 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Wentworth,  Wilcaimia,  Bourke,  and  Sturt,  15,379,178;  the  western 
slope  of  the  southern  division,  which  includes  Hume,  Albury,  Murray, 
and  Murrumbidgee,  contained  10,593,813  sheep ;  the  western  slope  of 
the  east  central  division,  which  includes  the  Bogan,  Forbes,  and  Gren- 
fell,  contained  10,039,701  sheep.  As  compared  with  the  returns  of 1886, 
these  figures  represented  an  increase  for  the  Western  Plains  of  48-3; 
for  the  western  slope  of  the  southern  division  of  46-2,  and  for  the 
western  slope  of  the  east  central  division  of  106-3  per  cent.  In  the 
few  districts  included  in  these  geographical  subdivisions  is  to  be  found 
nearly  66  per  cent  of  the  entire  increase  of  sheep  in  the  colony.* 

Yet  marvellous  as  has  been  the  rapid  rise  of  the  sheep  industry  of 
New  South  Wales,  there  was  experienced  a  severe  set  back  in  1892. 

INCREASE  OF  CONSUMPTION. 

Articles  of  food  and  cotton -excepted,  wool  deserves  to  rank  first 
among  the  articles  of  "  prime  necessity"  and  of  commercial  interest. 
Not  only  is  there  an  almost  infinite  number  of  conditions  favorable  to 
woolgrowing,  resulting  in  a  great  variety  of  products, — each  u  fleece" 
even  containing  many  differing  qualities,  each  quality  specially  adapted 
for  a  single  use, — but  the  commercial  and  industrial  aspects  are  quite 
as  noticeable  by  their  variety  and  importance.  Take  the  returns  of 
imports  into  the  United  States  of  raw  wools,  and  it  is  seen  the  quantity 
has  increased,  since  1884  from  78,350,651  pounds  to  175,636,041  pounds 
in  1893,  an  increase  of  124.1  per  cent.  This  increase  is  all  the  more 
notable  as  occurring  in  the  face  of  legislation  designedly  hostile  to 
imports  of  foreign  wools,  legislation  which  increased  the  average  cus- 
toms duties  on  these  wools  from  33.27  per  cent  in  1884,  to  44.72  per  cent 
in  1893.  It  occurred  also  when3  whatever  decrease  in  domestic  produc- 
tion had  been  noted  in  intervening  years,  has  been  nearly  made  good 
in  the  last  year  for  which  returns  are  available — 1892.  In  1884  the 
wool  clip  from  domestic  animals  was  estimated  by  Mr.  James  Lynch  to 
have  been  337,500,000  pounds;  in  1892,  another  authority  using  the 
methods  placed  it  at  364,152,666  pounds.  In  1884  the  population  of  the 
country  was  54,911,000;  and  in  1892,  65,403,000 — estimates  based  uj^on 
actuarial  averages.  An  increase  of  nearly  20  percent  in  population  has 
been  accompanied  by  an  increase  of  nearly  30  per  cent  in  wool  consump- 
tion— a  comparison  that  speaks  for  itself. 


*See  appendix  for  details. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  9 

The  relation  of  production  to  wool  consumption  in  the  United  States 
since  1860  may  be  further  illustrated  by  the  following  comparisons: 

Quantities  of  Wool  Produced  and  Consumed,  by  Decades,  from  1880  to 
1890,  and  from  1890  to  1892 — Per  Cent  of  Increase*. 


Years. 


1860  

1870  

Increase   

Per  cent  

1880  

Increase   

Per  cent  

1890  

Increase   

Per  cent  

1892  

Increase   

Per  cent  

Increase  from  1860  to  1892 
Per  cent  


Production. 

Con  sump- 
tion. 

Pounds. 

£\l\   Od  4  mo 

OU,  ^04, y  Lo 

162,  000,  000 
101,  735,  087 
1GS-81 

Pounds. 

©5,  3.M,  o7o 
209,  367,  254 
124,  032,  378 
145-35 

232,  500,  000 
70, 500,  000 
43-52 

356,  7  91,  676 
147,  424,  422 
70-41 

276,  0C0,  000 
43,  500,  000 
18-71 

377,911,776 
21, 120, 100 
5-92 

294,000,000  439,460,633 
18,  000,  000  1     61,  548,  857 
6*52  !  16-29 

233, 735,  087 
387*84 

354, 125,  757 
414-98 

If  the  commercial  statistics  of  other  countries  be  examined,  even 
more  striking  evidences  of  the  progress  of  this  industry  are  to  be  found. 
In  1892,  as  in  1884,  the  United  Kingdom  occupied  a  dominant  position 
in  the  commercial  activity  in  wool.  In  1884  the  quantity  of  wool  (sheep, 
lamb,  alpaca  and  the  llama  tribe)  imported  was  526,526,661  pounds, 
of -which  249,607,588  pounds  were  exported;  in  1892  the  imports  were 
743,046,104  pounds  and  the  exports  430,105,121  pounds.  There  has 
been  no  decrease  in  late  years  in  the  English  wool  clip  to  account  for 
such  figures ;  in  fact,  there  has  been  an  increased  clip  coupled  with  a 
decrease  in  the  number  of  sheep.  In  1891  the  number  of  sheep  and 
lambs  in  Great  Britain  was  returned  at  28,732,558;  and  in  1893  at 
27,280,334.  The  wool  clip  in  1890  was  placed  at  138,000,000  pounds, 
and  in  1892  at  153,000,000  pounds.  This  points  to  a  profitable  attempt 
to  improve  the  breed  of  animals,  and  the  weight  and  quality  of  the 
fleece — profitable,  because  it  has  been  accomplished  in  the  face  of  com- 
petition with  the  wool-raisers  of  the  world,  and  under  conditions  that 
are  accepted  and  urged  by  many  of  the  woolgrowers  of  the  United 
States  as  distinctly  and  fatally  disadvantageous. 

SCOPE  OF  THIS  REPORT. 

There  are  so  many  points  of  interest  arising  out  of  such  an  industry — 
from  the  sheep  farm  to  the  marketing  of  the  manufactured  product — 
that  I  intend  to  restrict  the  extent  of  this  report  to  the  commercial  fea- 
tures. Nearly  the  entire  wool  product  of  commercial  and  industrial  coun- 


10 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


-tries  may  be  said  to  coine  into  the  markets  first  or  last.  It  is  not  con- 
sumed on  the  farm  in  any  appreciable  quantities;  its  use  in  household 
industries  is  confined  to  a  few  countries  where  the  development  of  a 
woolen  industry  is  in  an  embryonic  condition,  and  where  statistics  of' 
production  are  still  so  imperfect  as  to  make  even  an  estimate  next  to 
impossible.  It  is  a  merchantable  commodity  the  world  over,  and  in 
spite  of  an  enormous  increase  in  production  and  facilities  for  marketing, 
the  demand  has  kept  pace  with  the  supply,  and  for  no  long  period  has 
there  been  a  congested  condition  of  the  general  markets  when  stocks 
have  proved  unsalable  and  steadily  increased  to  swamp  the  sale.  I 
repeat,  first  or  last,  the  great  bulk  of  wool  grown  enters  the  markets, 
either  in  a  raw  or  manufactured  condition,  and  is  thus  made  a  matter 
of  record  and  statistical  inquiry.  It  is,  therefore,  the  commercial 
aspects  1  shall  examine  most  critically,  the  imports  and  exports  of  wool 
and  its  manufactures,  and  the  sources  of  supply  and  direction  of  com- 
merce. 

To  show  as  fully  as  may  be  the  tendency  of  this  increasingly  impor- 
tant commerce,  the  inquiry  is  made  to  extend  over  a  period  of  ten  or 
more  years,  by  which  the  rise  or  fall  of  sources  of  supply  and  demand 
may  be  better  understood  and  a  change  from  an  indirect  to  a  direct 
trade  noted.  This  inquiry  must  touch  upon  the  sheep-raising  industry 
in  each  of  the  leading  woolgrowing  countries,  but  it  is  not  pretended 
that  the  conditions  applying  to  sheep-raising  are  treated  exhaustively 
or  that  a  definite  comparison  of  advantages  or  disadvantages  is  insti- 
tuted. Such  a  comparison  is  out  of  the  question.  In  one  country 
sheep-raising  may  be  a  secondary  occupation,  merely  subsidiary  to 
other  agricultural  employment.  The  question  of  profit  may  be  bal- 
anced between  meat  and  wool,  or  it  may  not  enter  into  the  operations 
of  the  year  in  any  immediate  form.  In  another,  sheep-raising  may  be 
a  dominant  industry  and  wool  the  only  product  sought.  To  undertake 
a  comparison  between  such  extremes  would  be  like  comparing  the 
product  of  a  pair  of  knitting  needles  with  that  of  a  power  loom  or  knit- 
ting frame.  At  the  other  extreme,  I  shall  not  undertake  to  pass  upon 
the  woolen  industry.  Each  country  engaged  in  manufacturing  woolens 
has  its  special  product,  the  result  (it  may  be)  of  local  conditions,  a  par- 
ticular sort  of  wool  fiber,  an  inherited  skill  in  handling,  a  trained  sense 
of  color  and  combination  of  colors,  and  a  hundred  other  such  matters 
on  which  there  can  be  no  general  conclusions.  A  natural  advantage, 
like  climate,  is  as  powerful  a  factor  in  determining  the  situs  of  the  indus- 
try as  an  artificial  or  acquired  advantage,  like  reputation,  good  will,  or 
trained  skill.  So,  also,  each  market  demands  its  specialities,  and  fash- 
ion and  taste  dictate  what  shall  be  the  product  and  whence  it  shall  be 
obtained. 

The  question  of  relative  wages  earned  in  the  different  countries  offers 
insuperable  difficulties.  Hardly  two  mills  in  the  same  country  are  situ- 
ated in  precisely  the  same  conditions  or  circumstances,  and  in  different 


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WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


11 


countries  so  many  other  varying  distinctions  escaping  exact  measure- 
ment enter  into  the  problem,  as  to  clefy  scientific  analysis  and  compari- 
son. Even  when  gauged  by  results — the  product  in  yards  for  each 
worker — many  exceptions  or  modifying  statements  must  be  made. 
Such  are  the  difficulties  in  gauging  the  wages  received  by  the  output 
or  capacity  of  the  worker,  in  gauging  the  industrial  activity  and  reward 
of  the  wage  receiver,  as  to  render  a  general  comparison  between 
a  laborer  in  Italy,  for  example,  with  what  purports  to  be  a  laborer  in 
the  same  relative  employment  in  England  or  the  United  States,  outside 
of  economic  possibility.  Such  a  comparison  would  be  mere  guesswork. 
The  problem  is  further  complicated  by  the  question  of  real  wages  and 
nominal  or  money  wages.  The  cost  of  living  must  be  decided  before 
the  actual  compensation  of  the  workingman  can  be  known,  and  in  this 
there  is  quite  as  wide  a  field  for  differing  conditions  as  in  the  earning  of 
the  wages.  After  a  most  exhaustive  examination,  Mr.  Carroll  D. 
Wright,  U.  S.  Commissioner  of  Labor,  could  show  that  the  difference 
(averaged)  in  earnings  and  expenditure  between  a  family  in  Europe  and 
one  in  the  United  States  was  barely  3*2  per  cent.  The  American  can 
save  11-6  per  cent  and  the  foreigner  8'4  per  cent  of  his  income.  I  quote 
the  conclusion  of  Mr.  Wright  in  full: 

Table  xxiv,  with  subtables  from  A  to  H,  inclusive,  gives  a  recapitulation  of  cost 
of  living  by  states,  both  American  and  European,  for  the  woolen  industry,  in  the 
same  way  that  has  just  been  recited  for  the  cotton  industry.  The  general  conclu- 
sive features  only  will  be  stated.  The  income  per  family  from  all  sources  in  the 
woolen  industry,  911  families  in  America  being  considered,  was  $663.13,  while  in 
Europe,  for  334  families,  it  was  $449.58.  The  total  expenditures  for  all  purposes  for 
the  American  families  was  $594.09,  and  for  the  European  families  $414.73.  Five  hun- 
dred and  eighty-three  American  families  had  saved  during  the  year,  on  an  average, 
$136.16,  while  268  families  experienced  a  deficit  of  $61.49  each  on  the  average.  Two 
hundred  and  nineteen  of  the  European  families  saved  $67.67  each,  and  72  showed  a 
deficit  of  $44.16. 

WOOL  PRODUCTION. 

If  we  examine  the  official  returns  of  the  number  of  sheep  and  lambs 
in  European  countries,  the  fact  is  developed  that  in  no  instance  has 
there  been  an  increase  since  1875.  Such  a  general  decrease  occurring 
under  so  many  different  conditions,  points  to  a  general  cause,  working 
as  well  in  spite  of  legislative  attempts  to  foster  the  industry  of  wool- 
growing  as  in  the  face  of  a  perfect  freedom  from  any  such  attempts. 
This  cause  is  one  that  is  readily  recognized  as  economic,  and  in  conse- 
quence not  to  be  stayed  by  artificial  conditions  save  at  such  a  cost  as 
to  imperil  the  existence  in  these  countries  of  the  important  wool  manu- 
facturing interests,  and  in  many  instances  a  valuable  export  trade 
dependent  upon  a  full  and  free  market  for  the  raw  materials  used  in 
this  manufacture.  The  question  of  sheep  raising  is  decided  as  any  other 
agricultural  operation  is  determined — by  the  profit  to  be  gained,  and 
under  modern  conditions  the  farmer  who  has  a  small  flock  of  sheep  and 
regards  them  as  a  subsidiary  contribution  to  his  farming  operations, 


12 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


can  not  compete  with  the  man  who  has  large  flocks,  practically  unlimited- 
grazing  ground,  and  no  other  interests  to  interfere  with  his  attention 
to  his  sheep.  Woolgrowing,  as  a  great  industry  is  of  very  ancient  date ; 
but  it  is  an  industry  suited  to  certain  stages  of  economic  development 
of  a  country,  and  is  rendered  unprofitable  where  land  is  in  demand  for 
intensive  culture,  where  population  is  comparatively  dense,  and  where, 
in  short,  the  pastoral  has  not  given  place  to  the  industrial  stage. 

In  support  of  this  proposition  the  statistics  of  individual  countries 
are  full  and  almost  unanimous — the  exceptions  being  due  to  some  local 
advantage  or  artificial  stimulus.  I  would  also  quote  from  a  report 
made  to  the  Department  of  State  in  February,  1892,  by  United  States 
Consul-General  Bourn,  based  upon  a  publication^  the  Italian  Govern- 
ment prepared  and  printed  under  the  direction  of  Luigi  Bodio : 

With  an  increased  density  of  population  in  Europe  there  has  been  a  gradual 
decrease  in  the  number  of  sheep,  as  lands  formerly  used  for  pasturage  were  con- 
verted into  tillage  lands  to  meet  the  increased  demand  for  food.  From  1860  to  1890 
the  population  of  Europe  increased  from  286,000,000  to  356,000,000,  an  increase  of 
70,000,000,  or  about  25  per  cent,  necessitating  a  tillage  of  at  least  25  per  cent  more 
land  to  supply  food  for  this  increase.  During  this  period  the  number  of  sheep  in 
Europe  decreased  from  229,600,000  in  1860  to  192,240,000  in  1890,  a  decrease  of 
37,000,000,  or  about  16  per  cent,  while  the  number  in  the  chief  extra-European  wool 
producing  and  exporting  countries  increased  from  63,200,000  in  1860  to  264,500,000 
at  the  date  of  the  latest  estimates.  But  Europe  in  1890  consumed  fully  66  per  cent 
more  wool  than  in  1860,  while  there  were  16  per  cent  less  sheep  to  supply  the  require- 
ment. .It  is  easy,  therefore,  to  see  why  new  fields  have  been  sought  in  other  con- 
tinents for  the  deficiencies  both  in  food  and  clothing. 

In  1860  there  were  not  to  exceed  40,200,000  sheep  in  the  La  Plata  country,  Aus- 
tralia, and  South  Africa,  or  scarcely  18  per  cent  of  the  number  in  Europe.  In  1890 
this  amount  had  increased  to  221,500,000,  or  about  the  number  in  Europe  in  1860. 
There  were  8,806,500  sheep  in  Italy  in  1860,  but  in  1875  there  were  only  6,977,000.  The 
number  then  grew  again  to  8,596,000  in  1881,  to  be  again  reduced  to  6,900,000  in 
1890,  a  decrease  of  21  per  cent  since  1860,  as  compared  with  16  per  cent  decrease  for 
all  Europe.  In  the  United  States  the  process  has  been  substantially  the  same.  The 
increasing  density  of  population  in  the  East  has  gradually  driven  the  flocks  west- 
ward into  newer  territory,  where  they  have  largely  increased,  though  not  so  rap- 
idly as  in  the  La  Plata  country,  Australia,  and  South  Africa.  From  23,000,000  in 
1860  they  increased  to  41,000,000  in  1870.  At  this  time  the  market  for  wool  was  so 
depressed  that  the  farmers  found  it  profitable  to  kill  upwards  of  9,000,000,  thus 
reducing  the  amount  to  31,000,000.  Since  then  the  gradual  increase  brought  the 
number  to  above  50,000,000  in  1884,  to  be  again  reduced  by  the  competition  of  Aus- 
tralian wool  to  about  43,000,000  on  January  1,  1891.  This  variation  in  the  number  of 
sheep  has,  however,  its  compensation  in  the  greatly  increased  production  per  head. 
The  yield  in  1871  was  about  5  pounds  for  each  sheep,  while  in  1884  and  1891  it 
was,  respectively,  about  6  and  7  pounds.* 

The  centers  of  wool  production  have,  therefore,  gradually  shifted. 
Prior  to  1818  Spain  was  the  principal  source  of  supply  of  merino  wools, 
a  position  held  by  that  country  for  centuries,  the  sheep  being  descended 
from  the  stock  brought  to  the  peninsula  by  the  Komans.  England 


*  In  the  appended  tables  will  be  found  two  estimates  of  the  number  of  sheep  in 
the  leading  nations  of  the  world. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


13 


obtained  the  foreign  raw  material  for  her  woolen  manufactures  from 
Spain.  In  1802,  of  a  total  import  of  8,600,000  pounds,  6,000,000  pounds 
were  obtained  from  Spain.  In  1800  the  domestic  wool  clip  of  England 
was  estimated  at  96,000,000  pounds.  Early  in  the  nineteenth  century 
the  Spanish  influence  began  to  decline,  supplanted  by  the  Saxony  and 
Silesian  wool,  also  a  product  of  the  merino  stock.  Later,  about  1840, 
the  merinos  of  Australasia  began  to  supersede  the  German  wools  in 
the  European  market  5  and  to-day  it  is  the  Australasian  continent  that 
raises  the  largest  quantity  of  wools. 

This  shifting  of  the  principal  source  of  the  supply  for  raw  wool  may 
be  seen  by  an  examination  of  the  returns  of  wool  imported  into  the 
United  Kingdom  since  1844,  as  given  in  a  table  in  the  appendix.  It 
becomes  clearer  when  the  per  cent  of  these  total  imports  contributed 
by  different  countries  at  different  periods  are  compared.  The  decline 
of  Germany  and  South  America  in  the  English  wool  imports  is  notable 
when  placed  side  by  side  to  the  increase  of  Australasia  and  the  British 
possessions  in  South  Africa. 


1844 

1850 

1860 

1870 

1880 

1890 

Per  cent. 

Per  cent. 

Per  eent 

Per  cent. 

Per  cent. 

Per  cent. 

26 '8 

52-5 

39  -9 

66  -5 

64  -9 

66  -2 

33-2 

12  -3 

12  -4 

1-7 

1-5 

11 

South  America  

5  7 

7-1 

6 

4-8 

2-2 

1-8 

British  Possessions: 

South  Africa  

3-3 

7-7 

U-2 

12  5 

11  1 

13-8 

4  2 

4-7 

13  6 

4  2 

6-3 

5.4 

A  similar  conrparison  for  the  sources  of  wool  imported  into  the 
United  States  is  as  follows : 

Per  Cent  of  Total  Imports  of  Eaw  Wool  into  the  United  States  from  the 
Countries  and  during  the  Years  Mentioned. 


Countries. 

1825 

1830 

1840 

1850 

1860 

1870 

1880 

1890 

Per  ct. 

Per  . 

Per  ct. 

Per  ct 

Per  ct. 

Per  ct. 

Per  ct. 

Per  ct. 

All  Europe  

87-2 

75 

63  -4 

34 

26-2 

32  -7 

62-2 

65  -8 

United  Kingdom  

19  -9 

17  6 

1-8 

10  -4 

12 

16  5 

45-3 

44  2 

Russia  

•2 

1-1 

9-2 

2  6 

13  5 

France   

2 

1.2 

5-5 

6-7 

•4 

9-9 

6-2 

Austria  

•2 

•2 

•3 

•7 

•04 

•4 

•01 

•4 

2-6 

•2 

2-6 

4  5 

5-1 

3-2 

11 

All  South  America  

10-4 

22-1 

20  -5 

63 

34 

49.2 

20  -5 

15  5 

5  7 

17  -1 

5-7 

54  4 

24 

34 

9  6 

12-9 

Brazil  

•5 

•7 

31 

2 

1 

6  6 

•7 

•2 

Chile  

3  4 

5-5 

6-9 

4  3 

2-6 

2-2 

•8 

•2 

10  -3 

•4 

1-2 

14  9 

3 

•04 

•3 

6 

1:3 

•1 

8  5 

01 

24-5 

10  -3 

5  7 

l 

14 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


In  1887  the  Statistical  Institute  of  Amsterdam*  prepared  an  esti- 
mate of  the  world's  production  of  wool.  This  estimate,  reduced  to 
pounds,  gave  a  total  of  2,060,493,800  pounds,  distributed  as  follows: 

Pounds. 

Australasia  (1889)   535, 436,  000 

Russia  (1878)   390,  548,  800 

Argentine  Republic  (1882)   244,  666,  040 

United  States  (1882)   233, 073, 000 

United  Kingdom  (1882)   127, 942,  200 

France  (1879)   90,  319,  920 

Spain  (1878)   66, 120,  000 

Germany  (1881)   54, 879, 600 

Cape  Colony  (1881)   42, 427, 000 

Uruguay  (1880)   41, 369,  080 

Hungary  (1880)   35, 682,  760 

British  India  (1881-'82)   21, 400,  840 

Italy  (1874)   21, 378, 800 

Asiatic  Turkey  and  Persia   13, 224, 000 

Natal  (1881)   12,496,680 

Austria  (1881)   10, 909,  800 

Portugal   10,358,800 

Belgium  (1865)  , . . .  4,  408,  000 

British  North  America  (1881)   3,  570,  480 

Sweden  (1870)   3,  306,  000 

Other  countries   96,  976,  000 

Total  1   2,060,493,800 

In  the  same  year  (1887)  was  published  another  estimate  by  the  emi- 
nent statistician,  Dr.  F.  X.  von  Neumann- Spallart,  which  did  not  differ 
greatly  in  the  aggregate  from  the  result  obtained  by  the  Amsterdam 
Statistical  Institute,  though  the  details  in  many  cases  show  radical 
and  irreconcilable  discrepancies. 


Countries  of  production. 


Europe: 

'Russia  (1884)  

Great  Britain  and  Ireland  (a)  (1885) . 

France  (1882)  

Spain  (b)  (1878)  

Germany  (c)  (1881)  

Hungary  (d)  (1885)  

Italy  (1874)  

Austria  (1883)  

Portugal  (?)  

Belgium  (?)  

Sweden  (1884)  

All  other  Europe  


Total  Europe  . 


Quantities 
produced. 


Pounds. 
262, 966, 000 
135, 936,  000 
80, 138,  000 
66, 138,  000 
54, 894,  000 
43, 146, 000 
21,  385,  000 
11, 155, 000 
10, 362,  000 
4,  409,  000 
3,  307,  000 
8,  818,  000 


702,  654, 000 


a  Estimate  by  the  "Bradford  Observer." 

b  An  estimate  of  3*9  pounds  of  wool  per  head  of  17,000,000  sheep. 
e  Estimated  from  the  export  accounts. 

d  Estimate  of  3*9  pounds  of  wool  per  head  on  the  whole  number  of  sheep  in  Hungary,  Croatia,  and 
Slavonia. 


*See  Bijdragen  van  het  Statistich  Instituut,  Amsterdam,  1887,  p.*  19,  there  given  in 
kilograms,  and  reduced  to  pounds  in  Hayters  Victorian  Handbook,  1890-91, 


WORLD'S  PRODUCTION  OF  WOOL. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OP  WOOL. 


15 


Countries  of  production. 

■ 

Quantities 
produced. 

North  America : 

Pounds. 

United  States  (1884)  

307,  588, 000 

British  North  American  provinces  (1884)  

4, 409,  000 

South  America: 

Argentine  Republic  (exports  1885)  

283, 047,  000 

59,  084,  000 

Asia  and  Australasia : 

455,  470,  000 

British  East  Indies  (exports  1885-'86)  

23, 126,  000 

Turkey,  Asiatic,  and  Persia  (estimated)  

13,  228,  000 

Africa : 

29,  299,  000 

Natal  (exports  1885)  

17, 306,  000 

88, 185,  000 

1,983,396,  000 

a  From  tke  estimates  of  "  Export,"  1886. 

b  Estimate  by  Jacoms,  Son  &  Co.   Includes  wools  from  Brazil,  Chile,  Algiers,  Egypt,  Tunis,  etc. 

c  Only  a  few  countries  have  attempted  to  collect  statistics  of  the  actual  production  of  raw  (unwashed) 
wool.  The  usual  method  of  arriving  at  the  annual  production  is  a  Araluation  based  on  the  average 
yield  of  wool  per  head  of  the  whole  number  of  sheep  in  the  country.  This  table  must,  therefore,  be 
regarded  as  a"  general  view  "  and  does  not  claim  to  be  accurate  as  to  the  several  amounts  of  wool 
produced. 

The  following  table,  showing  the  estimated  wool  supply  of  the  world 
since  1860,  put  forth  by  the  London  Board  of  Trade,  is  not  without 
interest  in  this  connection: 


Sources  of  supply. 

1860 

1870 

1880 

1889 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

United  Kingdom  

140, 000, 000 

150,  000,  000 

149, 000, 000 

134,  000,  000 

Continent  of  Europe  

500,  000, 000 

485, 000,  000 

450,  000,  000 

450, 000, 000 

110,  000,  000 

176,  000,  000 

270,  000,  000 

330,  000,  000 

Australasia  

60, 000, 000 

175, 000, 000 

308,  000,  000 

450,  000,  000 

Cape  of  Good  Hope  

26, 000,  000 

43,  000, 000 

60, 000,  000 

70,  000,  000 

43, 000, 000 

197,  000, 000 

256,  000,  000 

360, 000, 000 

Other  countries  

76, 000, 000 

69,  000,  000 

133, 000, 000 

156, 000,  000 

955,  000, 000 

1, 295,  000,  00C 

1, 626,  000,  000 

1, 950, 000, 000 

DEPRESSION  OF  SHEEP-RAISING  INTERESTS. 

That  the  sheep-raising  interests  of  the  world  are  passing  through  a 
period  of  depression  is  not  to  be  denied.  The  low  prices  of  wools  have 
reacted  upon  the  production  by  reducing  profits  derived  from  wools 
and  diminishing  the  temptation  to  extend  the  production.  Was  this 
depression  local,  local  remedies  would  apply ;  but  it  is  general,  and 
affects  those  countries  where  the  advantages  for  sheep  raising  excel  as 
well  as  those  where  woolgrowing  is  a  secondary  matter  and  a  by- 
product rather  than  an  industry.  In  1880  the  number  of  sheep  in 
the  United  States  was  35,192,094 ;  in  1890  it  was  35,935,364,  an  increase 
of  only  2  per  cent.   These  are  census  figures.   The  Department  of 


16 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Agriculture  estimated  the  number  of  sheep  in  1890  at  44,336,072,  and 
in  1893  at  47,273,553,  an  increase  of  6-6  per  cent.  Compare  these  per- 
centages with  the  increase  of  sheep  in  what  is  the  great  sheep  country 
of  the  world— ^ew  South  Wales.  From  1880  to  1890  the  number  of 
head  increased  from  35,398,121  to  55,986,431,  or  584  per  cent.  • 

Certainly  the  mere  mention  of  such  figures  is  sufficient  to  demon- 
strate the  preeminent  advantage  in  sheep  raising  possessed  by  such  a 
country  over  all  rivals;  yet  the  record  is  not  entirely  one  of  progress. 
In  1891  the  number  of  head  of  sheep  had  risen  to  61,831,416,  and  in 
1892  had  fallen  to  55,445,289,  or  lower  than  it  was  in  1890.  Nor  is  this 
economic  evidence  of  depression  confined  to  New  South  Wales.  In 
1890  Victoria  contained  12,692,843  sheep,  and  in  1891,  12,928,148,  an 
increase  of  1-7  per  cent.  From  1891  to  1892  the  increase  was  merely 
nominal,  only  37,158  head.  South  Australia  returned  7,050,544  sheep 
in  1890;  7,745,541  in  1891;  and  7,152,047  in  1892.  In  the  two  years 
the  number  of  sheep  has  hardly  increased.  Western  Australia  has 
suffered  even  more  heavily.  In  1890  the  highest  number  was  reached, 
2,524,913  head.  In  1892  it  had  fallen  to  1,685,500  head,  a  decrease  of 
one-third. 

Nor  is  the  result  different  when  the  quantity  of  wool  exported  from 
these  countries  is  taken  as  a  basis  for  estimate,  instead  of  the  number 
of  sheep.  In  1891  the  exports  of  wool  from  New  South  Wales  reached 
its  maximum,  340,691,382  pounds,  a  quantity  37,000,000  pounds  larger 
than  the  total  clip  of  the  United  States.  In  1892  the  exports  fell  to 
323,052,014  pounds,  or  about  10,000,000  pounds  less  than  the  wool  clip 
of  the  United  States  in  that  year.  The  exports  of  wool  from  Victoria 
slightly  increased,  from  164,805,907  pounds  in  1891  to  165,590,377  pounds 
in  1892.  South  Australia  sold  in  the  markets  of  the  world  66,977,214 
pounds  in  1891,  and  63,868,922  pounds  in  1892.  Tasmania  also  gives 
its  evidence  on  the  point  under  discussion,  exporting  9,378,173  pounds 
in  1891,  and  8,437,931  pounds  in  1892.  New  Zealand  increased  its 
exports  by  12,000,000  pounds,  Queensland  by  15,000,000  pounds,  and 
India  by  1,400,000  pounds.  Against  these  may  be  placed  a  decrease 
in  the  exports  from  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  5,200,000  pounds,  and 
from  Natal  more  than  6,000,000  pounds.  No  better  proof  could  be 
adduced  of  the  general  depression  affecting  sheep  raising  as  an  indus- 
try the  world  over.  It  should  further  be  considered  that  these  figures 
are  based  upon  the  returns  for  1892  and  do  not  show  the  still  greater 
narrowing  of  demand  and  markets  that  the  progress  of  the  depression 
developed  in  1893.  In  the  light  of  such  comparison  the  returns  of  the 
sheep  and  wool  product  in  the  United  States  mark  a  relative  prosperity. 

DOMESTIC  CLIP  OF  WOOL. 

The  production  of  wools  in  the  United  States  for  each  year  since 
1872  has  been  estimated  by  methods  which  commend  themselves  to 
scientific  criticism.  The  figures  in  the  following  table  from  1872  to 
1888  were  compiled  by  Mr.  James  Lynch,  of  New  York;  those  for  1889 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


17 


and  1890  are  by  Mr.  Joseph  P.  Truitt,  of  Philadelphia.  The  returns 
for  1891  and  1892  were  prepared  by  Mr.  S.  D.  North,  while  the  fig- 
ures of  the  last  two  years  are  compiled  from  official  returns  on  the 
same  bases  as  were  employed  in  the  estimates  of  the  previous  years. 
The  table  as  it  stands  (the  line  of  increase  per  cent  excepted)  was 
taken  from  the  annual  circular  of  George  William  Bond  &  Co.,  of 
Boston.  In  the  appendix  to  this  report  will  be  found  Mr.  Lynch's 
figures  more  in  detail  and  with  different  combinations,  as  submitted 
from  time  to  time  in  tariff  hearings  before  Congress.  Mr.  Truitt's  and 
Mr.  North's  estimates  will  be  found  in  full  as  far  as  can  be  supplied. 


Years. 

.Fleece,  tub, 
and  pulled. 

California, 
Oregon,  etc. 

Texas. 

Territory. 

Southern 
and  South- 
western. 

Total 
product. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

.120.  000,  000 

24, 000,  000 

9, 000,  000 

3,  000,  000 

4,  000,  COO 

160,  000,  000 

1873  

125,  000,  000 

33,  200,  000 

9,  000,  000 

4,  000,  000 

3,  500,  000 

174, 700, 000 

1874  

120, 000,  000 

39, 500,  000 

10,  000,  000 

5,  000,  000 

3,  500,  000 

178,  000,  000 

1875  

125,  000, 000 

46, 000,  000 

12,  000,  000 

6,  000,  000 

4,  000,  000 

193,  000, 000 

1876  

112,  500,  000 

61,  250,  000 

13, 000,  000 

6,  500,  000 

5,  000,  000 

198,  250,  000 

1877  

120,  000, 000 

59,  250,  000 

14,  000,  000 

8, 000, 000 

7,  000, 000 

208,  250, 000 

1878  

125, 000, 000 

49,  000,  000 

17,  000,  000 

12,  000, 000 

8,  000, 000 

211, 000,  000 

133,  000,  000 

54,  000,  000 

16,  000, 000 

20,  000,  000 

9,  500,  000 

232, 500,  000 

1880  

148,  000,  000 

53,  000,  000 

22,  000,  000 

30,  000, 000 

11,  000,  000 

264,  000,  000 

1881  

164,  600,  000 

50, 000,  000 

26, 000,  000 

37,  200,  000 

12,  200,  000 

290,  000,  000 

1882  

166, 550,  000 

47,  000,  000 

31,  000,  000 

43, 150,  000 

12,  300,  000 

300, 000,  000 

1883  

177,  500,  000 

50,  900,  000 

31,  000,  000 

48,  500,  000 

12,  500,  000 

320, 400, 000 

1884  

180,  000, 000 

49, 500, 000 

35,  000, 000 

58,  000,  000 

15,  000,  000 

337,  500, 000 

1885  

165, 000, 000 

47,  600,  000 

31, 000,  000 

70, 000, 000 

16, 000,  000 

329,  600, 000 

1886  

160, 000,  000 

54, 805,  000 

26,  000,  000 

65,  000, 000 

16,  000, 000 

322,  305,  000 

1887  

162, 500,  000 

56,  000, 000 

25,  000,  000 

73,  000,  000 

17, 000, 000 

333,  500, 000 

1888  

156, 100,  000 

50,  900,  000 

25,  900,  000 

75,  200, 000 

14,  200,  000 

322,  300,  000 

1889....'  

117, 512,  634 

59, 493, 416 

12, 429,  838 

76,  968,  368 

9;  375,  223 

295,  779,  479 

1890  

115, 959, 226 

59, 468, 170 

32,  835, 991 

92, 163, 118 

9, 148,  381 

3C9, 474,  856 

1891  

114, 658, 090 

51, 665,  541 

34,  618,  514 

93,  607,  664 

8,  852, 098 

303, 401,  507 

1892  

146, 185, 147 

48,  387,  254 

35,  281,  225 

83,  381,  231 

19, 783,  548 

333,  018,  405 

1893  

184, 970, 150 

56,  898,  508 

26, 007, 806 

72,  734,  273 

23, 541, 929 

364, 152,  666 

Increase,  per  cent  j 

54  1 

137 

188-9 

2, 324  -4 

488  -5 

127  -5 

If  we  examine  the  diagram  based  upon  this  table  we  notice  an  unex- 
pected difference  in  the  development  of  the  wool  clip  in  different  parts 
of  the  country.  In  1872  what  is  described  as  u  fleece,  tub,  and  pulled 
wool,"  which  answers  to  the  division  in  Mr.  Lynch's  table,  u  Iowa,  Mis- 
souri, Minnesota,  and  States  east  of  the  Mississippi,  except  lower 
southern,"  constituted  75  per  cent  of  the  total  wool  clip  of  the  country. 
In  1893  it  constituted  only  50-8  per  cent  of  the  total  clip.  Yet  the 
returns  of  that  particular  description  of  wool  in  1893  was  greater  than 
in  any  previous  year  of  record.  In  the  twenty- two  years  covered  by 
the  estimates  the  fluctuations  have  been  wide,  reaching  minimum  limits 
in  1876  and  in  1891,  and  maximum  points  in  1884  and  1893.  The  decline 
in  1876  was  the  effect  of  the  commercial  and  financial  depression  which 
followed  the  crisis  of  1873.  The  cause  of  the  decline  that  followed 
H.  Mis.  94  2 


18 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


1884  was  undoubtedly  domestic  competition  from  other  sheep-growing 
regions  of  the  country.  No  general  conclusion,  based  upon  the  prob- 
able effect  of  tariff  legislation,  will  apply  with  equal  force  to  the  pro- 
duction of  wool  geographically  considered.  The  marked  decline  in 
" fleece,  tub,  and  pulled  wool"  from  1884  to  1891  was  nearly  compen- 
sated by  the  increase  in  the  clip  from  other  regions.  If,  therefore, 
there  was  a  generally  adverse  condition,  applicable  to  the  growth  of 
wool  in  this  country,  it  should  have  acted  in  as  marked  a  manner  upon 
all  and  every  description  of  wool,  and  not  have  been  confined  as  it 
were  to  locality  or  to  special  grades.  The  conclusion  is  inevitable  that 
what  depressed  the  wool  clip  in  the  fleece,  tub,  and  pulled  region  was 
generally  favorable  to  the  wool  grown  in  the  Territories.  The  conclu- 
sion is  emphasized  by  this  apparent  course  of  the  clips  since  1891 : 
while  fleece,  tub,  and  pulled  wool  has  taken  a  new  start,  Territory  and 
Texas  wool  have  declined. 

This  question  of  geographical  distribution  of  sheep  and  product  may 
be  studied  a  little  more  in  detail.  From  Dr.  Salmon's  History  and 
Present  Condition  of  the  Sheep  Industry  of  the  United  States  I  take 
a  comparison  which  shows  in  parallel  columns  the  sheep  and  wool  indus- 
tries of  the  States  east  and  of  those  west  of  the  Mississippi  and  the 
different  course  in  each  division : 


Tears. 

East  of  Mississippi. 

West  of  Mississippi. 

Sheep. 

Wool  clip. 

Sheep. 

Wool  clip. 

Number. 

Pounds. 

Number.  ■ 

Pounds. 

1840  

18,  807,  779 

35,102,  584 

503, 595 

699,  530 

1850  

20,  095,  661 

50, 014,  074 

1,627,559 

2,  502,  885 

1860  

18, 052,  224 

51,  791, 194 

4, 419,  051 

8,473,719 

.1870  

21, 058,  684 

77,  364,  569 

7, 419,  267 

22,  737,  818 

1880  

20,  375,  894 

95,  977,  649 

14,816,180 

59,  704, 102 

16,  988,  441 

85,  605,  617 

27,  347,  631 

190,  394,  383 

Thus,  in  1840,  the  States  east  of  the  Mississippi  held  97-4  per  cent  of 
the  total  number  of  sheep.  In  1890  they  contained  only  38-3  per  cent. 
In  1840  these  States  grew  98  per  cent  of  the  wool  clip.  In  1890  they 
grew  only  31  per  cent.  The  variations  in  the  interim  will  be  shown  by 
the  following  table: 

Percentage  of  Sheep  and  of  Wool  Clip,  and  also  the  Average  Yield  of 
Wool  per  Sheep,  East  and  West  of  the  Mississippi,  in  the  given  Years. 


Years. 

East  of  Mississippi. 

West  of  Mississippi. 

Sheep. 

Wool. 

Yield  per 
sheep. 

Sheep. 

Wool. 

Yield  per 
sheep. 

Per  cent. 

Per  cent. 

Pounds. 

Per  cent. 

Per  cent. 

Pounds. 

1840  

97  -39 

98  -01 

1-866 

2-61 

1-99 

1-389 

1850  

92  -51 

95  -23 

2-489 

7-49 

4-77 

1-537 

1860  

80-33 

85  -94 

2-869 

19  -67 

14-06 

1-918 

1870   

73  -95 

77  -29 

3-674 

26-05 

22  71 

3-067 

1880..."  

57  -90 

61  -65 

4  -710 

42  -10 

38  -35 

4-030 

1890  

38  -32 

31  -02 

5  -039 

61  68 

68  '98 

6-962 

NUMBER  OF  SHEEP  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1875-1894.    BY  GEOGRAPHICAL 

DIVISIONS. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


19 


This  comparison  is  deceptive  if  we  accept  it  as  it  stands.  The  large 
number  of  sheep  in  the  East  raised  for  mutton  only  reduces  the  aver- 
age fleece  per  sheep.  In  summarizing*  the  sheep  industry  east  of  the 
Mississippi,  Mr.  Ezra  A.  Carman  wrote,  in  1892: 

Up  to  within  a  comparatively  recent  day  the  principal  aim  of  sheep  husbandry  in 
the  section  considered  was  the  growth  of  wool.  Mutton  was  a  secondary  considera- 
tion, and,  in  general,  was  not  considered  at  all.  But  the  decreasing  profits  of  wool- 
growing  and  the  increasing  popularity  of  mutton  as  an  article  of  food  in  the  manu- 
facturing centers  and  large  cities  effected  a  change  in  the  east  forty  or  fifty  years 
since,  and  the  mutton  sheep  received  some  attention ;  the  old  native  breed  and  the 
fine-wooled  merino  and  its  grades  were  crossed  by  rams  of  improved  breeds  of  English 
sheep.  This  substitution  began  in  southern  New  England,  eastern  New  York,  east- 
ern Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey,  Delaware,  Maryland,  and  Virginia,  and  in  those  sec- 
tions is  practically  complete,  mutton  being  the  object  of  sheepraising  and  wool  a 
secondary  consideration.  Up  to  1880,  in  the  country  north  of  the  Ohio  and  west  of 
the  Alleghanies,  woolgrowing  was  still  the  principal  object.  Within  the  last  ten 
years  western  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Michigan,  and  Wisconsin  have 
been  repeating  what  was  done  by  the  East  many  years  before,  making  great  changes 
by  replacing  the  Merino  and  its  grades  with  English  sheep,  so  that,  in  1890  over 
one-half  of  the  sheep  between  the  Alleghanies  and  the  Mississippi  River  were  esti- 
mated to  be  of  native  or  English  blood.  The  change  in  the  two  years  past  in  the 
same  direction  has  been  very  marked.  In  all  the  South  Atlantic  States,  Kentucky, 
and  Tennessee  the  English  mutton  sheep,  represented  by  the  old  native  stock  and 
some  improved  breeds,  is  vastly  predominant.  Taken  as  a  whole  the  entire  country 
east  of  the  Mississippi  is  practically  abandoning  to  the  far  West  and  to  foreign  coun- 
tries the  growing  of  fine  wool,  and  substituting  therefor  the  raising  of  sheep  for 
food,  and,  incidentally,  combing  wool.  This  change  in  the  character  of  the  industry 
has  caused  increased  attention  to  English  breeds  of  sheep  and  English  methods  of 
sheep  husbandry.* 

In  the  appendix  will  be  found  a  table  showing  th$  number  of  sheep 
in  each  State  as  estimated  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  in  each 
year  since  1875.  It  affords  a  ready  means  of  measuring  the  progress  or 
decline  in  each  State  and  at  the  same  time  affords  a  crude  indication  of 
the  stress  and  pressure  of  competition,  with  consequent  internal  move- 
ment in  States  and  geographical  divisions.  The  testimony  is  cumula- 
tive on  this  point,  that  local  interests  and  conditions  are  stronger  than 
any  general  condition  or  influence,  and  that  the  wool  industry  is  con- 
trolled by  the  same  natural  economic  laws  in  the  United  States  as  in 
other  countries,  and  is  subjected,  if  at  all,  to  a  very  limited  extent, 
to  an  artificial  stimulus  or  disadvantage. 

WEIGrHT  of  fleeces. 

Coupled  with  the  decrease  in  the  number  of  sheep,  there  has  been  a 
notable  increase  in  the  average  weight  of  a  fleece.  The  average 
weights  of  American  fleeces  have  just  been  given. 

In  the  English  sheep,  Prof.  Low,  in  1845,  estimated  the  average 
weight  of  a  fleece  to  be  4-5  pounds  ;  Mr.  J.  A.  Clarke,  in  1878,  placed  it 

*  "  Special  Report  on  the  History  and  PresentCondition  of  the  Sheep  Industry  of 
the  United  States/'  1892,  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture. 


20 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


at  5-5  pounds  ;  and  the  Bradford  Observer,  in  1882,  at  5-75  pounds. 
The  weight  will  differ  from  season  to  season  by  as  much  as  a  quarter  of 
a  pound  ;  and  much  more  widely  according  to  sheep  and  pasture.  In 
Wales  the  mountain  fleece  will  yield  from  1£  to  2£  pounds;  and  the 
low  hind,  from  5  to  7  pounds.  The  Irish  mountain  fleeces  vary  from 
3  to  5  pounds,  and  the  Koscommon  from  10  to  12  pounds.  The  average 
for  Ireland  is  from  6  to  6 \  pounds.  In  1869  the  average  weight  of  Aus- 
tralian fleeces  was  given  at  3*75  pounds,  and  at  3-65  pounds  for  Cape 
fleeces. 


Such  estimates  of  production  must  be  more  or  less  of  a  general 
nature,  and  can  show  only  the  barest  outline  of  the  subject.  Nor  is 
the  degree  of  accuracy  any  greater  when  the  commerce  of  the  world  in 
wool  is  considered.  There  is  a  liability  of  counting  the  same  trade  two 
or  even  three  times.  An  export  of  Australian  wools  may  pass  through 
the  trade  returns  of  the  United  Kingdom,  France,  or  Holland  before 
it  reaches  the  place  of  consumption.  Then,  wools  are  exported  in  so 
many  conditions — unwashed,  washed,  scoured,  or  unscoured.  One 
pound  of  washed  wool  may  represent  two  pounds  of  unwashed;  the 
difference  in  scoured  and  unwashed  wools  is  even  greater,  and  varies 
with  the  nature  of  the  sheep  farm,  the  manner  of  treating  and  market- 
ing wools. 

The  confusion  of  commercial  nomenclature  is  also  an  almost  insuper- 
able obstacle  to  a  general  table  that  shall  be  accurate.  In  taking  the 
exports  from  eastern  countries  we  have  the  results  expressed  in  pounds, 
bales,  bundles,  and  packages,  and  no  common  denominator.  Mr. 
North,  in  the  "  Wool  Book"  of  1892,  prints  a  table  giving  the  average 
weights  of  bales  of  wool,  and  I  insert  it  to  show  how  wide  the  limits 
are: 


COMMERCE  IN  WOOLS. 


DOMESTIC. 


Pounds. 


Ohio,  per  bag  

Michigan,  per  bag  

Indiana,  per  bag  

Texas,  per  bag  

Utah  greasy,  per  bag  

Montana  greasy,  per  bag  

California  scoured,  per  bale  

California  greasy,  per  bale  

Eastern  Oregon  greasy,  per  bale 
Valley  Oregon  greasy,  per  bale . . 
Territory,  per  bale-  


200 
220 
175 
210 
325 
290 
400 
500 
540 
520 
300 


FOREIGN. 


Australian,  per  bale  

New  South  Wales  greasy  wool,  average  per  bale 

New  South  Wales  scoured,  average  per  bale  

Cape,  per  bale  ,  


350 
400 
260 
400 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


21 


Pounds. 

Cordova,  per  bale   1,  000 

Montevideo,  per  bale   13000 

Donskoi,  per  bale   500 

Donskoi  washed  fleeces,  per  sack   200 

Donskoi  unwashed   300 

English  combing,  per  sheet   600 

Scotch  carpet,  per  sheet   GOO 

Scotch  carpet,  per  bag   250 

Aleppo,  per  bale  

East  India :  . 

Karadi   ~  I  350 

Bagdad  (  ° 

Turkish  ana  Levant  J 

River  Plate   800 

English  wools  vary  from  500  to  600  pounds. 

In  the  diagram  prefixed  to  this  report,  prepared  upon  a  carefully 
minute  study  by  Mr.  W.  Burchard,  of  this  bureau,  an  attempt  is  made 
to  show  the  exports  in  1891  from  wool-producing  countries  and  the 
special  imports  into  wool-consuming  countries — such  imports  repre- 
senting the  quantities  that  actually  passed  into  consumption  or  manu- 
factures. In  this  way  the  difficulty  arising  from  a  repetition  of  commer- 
cial figures  was  largely  obviated,  and  the  general  accuracy  may  be 
substantiated  by  the  reasonably  close  approximation  of  the  aggregates 
of  imports  and  exports,  the  difference  being  0.78  per  cent  of  exports. 
That  diagram  is  based  upon  the  following  figures:* 

Wool,  Raw,  Imported  and  Exported  into  and  from  Principal  Countries 

during  the  year  1891. 


Countries. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Europe : 

Austria- Hud  gary  

Belgium  

Denmark  

France  

Germany  

Italy  

Netherlands  

Portugal  (1890)  

Roumania  

Russia  

Spain  

Sweden  and  Norway. 

Switzerland  

United  Kingdom  

North  America : 

Canada   

United  States  


Pounds. 

58, 807, 400 

92, 757,  746 
4, 147,  226 
429, 197,  395 
364,  513, 160 

19,  782, 400 
114,514,400 

19,  582,  620 


16,  389,  400 

5,  453,  800 

6,  781, 146 
9,  367,  620 

335, 789,  414 


119,  390,  280 


Pounds. 
15, 441, 136 


2,  896,  579 
92,  026, 370 
64, 462, 640 


89,  665, 840 
3,  054,  040 
7, 513, 757 
64,  665,  352 
10, 461, 000 


2, 519, 880 
50, 031,  300 

1, 131,  802 
291,  922 


*  It  should  be  stated  tliat  no  attempt  is  made  to  assimilate  wools  in  the  various 
conditions  of  marketing.  The  totals  include  all  wools,  whether  washed,  in  the 
grease;  or  scoured. 


22 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


\\<»<>l,  Raw,  Imported  and  Exported  into  and  prom  Principal  Countries 
di  king  the  year  1891— Continued. 


Countries. 


South  America: 

Argentine  Republic  . 

Uruguay   

Asia : 

British  East  Indies  . . 

China  

Oceanica: 

New  South  Wales  . . . 

Victoria'  

South  Australia  

West  Australia  

Tasmania  

New  Zealand  

Queensland  

Africa: 

Algeria  

Cape  of  Good  Hope. . 

Natal  '.  


Total  . 


Imports. 


Pounds. 


12, 163,554 
90, 776,  713 
19, 990, 333 


1,  719,  404,  627 


Exports. 


Poimds. 
304, 932,  844 
57  002, 112 

35,  655, 815 
18,  042,  778 

331,887,  720 
164,  805,  907 
66,  977,  214 

8,  783,  073 

9,  378, 173 
106, 187,114 

80,  992,  900 

13,  860, 087 
75, 520,  701 
27, 688,  314 


1,  705,  876,  370 


EUROPEAN  IMPORTS  OF  WOOL. 


To  show  tlie  general  tendency  of  the  European  wool  supply  from  out- 
side sources,  I  insert  a  statement  contained  in  Messrs.  Helmuth 
Schwartze  &  Co.'s  circular  for  1893 : 

SUPPLY,  CONSUMPTION,  AND  STOCKS  IN  EUROPE. 

Total  Imports  into  the  principal  European  ports  of  Extra  European  wools  (includ- 
ing Turkish  wools,  Mohair,  Alpaca,  and  Camels'  hair),  the  deliveries  during  the 
past  ten  years,  and  the  stocks  in  ports  at  the  end  of  each  year  (in  thousands  of 
hales) : 

IMPORTS. 


1893 

1802 

1891 

1890 

1889 

1888 

1887 

1886 

1885 

1884 

Australasian  

1,743 

1,800 

1,656 

1,451 

1,327 

1,328 

1,188 

1,193 

1,  095 

1, 135 

281 

286 

323 

286 

287 

290 

235 

228 

183 

189 

River  Plate  

401 

398 

361 

297 

409 

360 

320 

369 

390 

358 

Other  sorts  

498 

514 

490 

466 

558 

485 

498 

445 

360 

397 

-  Total  

2,  926 

2,  998 

2,  %30 

2,  500 

2,  581 

2,  463 

2,  241 

2,  235 

2,  028 

2,  079 

DELIVERIES. 


Australasian  

1,736 

1,  824 

1,685 

1,378 

1,  341 

1,329 

1,217 

1, 181 

1,082 

1,094 

Cape  

281 

291 

326 

275 

299 

,  292 

233 

990 

177 

195 

River  Plate  

384 

393 

359 

293 

415 

360 

318 

376 

381 

360 

476 

525 

486 

455 

570 

521 

462 

446 

379 

365 

Total  

2,877 

3,  033 

2,  856 

2,  401 

2,  625 

2,  502 

2,  230 

2,2*25 

2,  019 

2,014 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  23 


STOCKS,  DECEMBER  31. 


1S93 

1892 

1891 

1890 

18S9 

1888 

1887 

1886 

1885 

1884 

Australasian  

67 

60 

84 

113 

40 

54 

55 

84 

72 

59 

Cape  

19 

16 

21 

24 

13 

25 

27 

25 

19 

13 

River  Plate  

33 

16 

11 

9 

5 

11 

11 

9 

16 

7 

86 

61 

75 

71 

60 

72 

108 

72 

73 

92 

Total  

205 

156 

191 

217 

118 

162 

201 

190 

180 

171 

IMPORTS  INTO  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

The  earliest  statistics  of  the  imports  of  raw  wools  into  this  country 
are  to  be  found  in  a  report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  in  answer 
to  a  resolution  of  the  House  of  Eepresentatives,  transmitted  January 
28?  1822.    In  the  letter  of  transmittal  he  said  : 

It  is  my  duty  to  state  that  a.t  the  time  the  forms  were  prescribed,  under  the  act- 
of  1820,  it  was  not  known  that  wool  to  any  considerable  extent  was  imported. 
That  article  will  hereafter  appear  in  the  statements  which  will  be  annually  ren- 
dered of  the  commerce  and  navigation  of  the  United  States. 

As  further  showing  the  little  commercial  importance  of  wool  in  that 
time?  au  extract  may  be  quoted  from  a  letter  of  the  Register  of  the 
Treasury  Department,  in  whose  office  the  crude  statistics  of  trade  were 
filed: 

The  statements  are;  however,  necessarily  imperfect,  from  the  following  circum- 
stance communicated  by  the  collector  of  New  York:  That  it  is  considered  impracti- 
cable to  furnish  the  information  required  from  that  office.  Wool  being  subject  to  an 
ad  valorem  duty  the  value  is  only  required  to  ascertain  the  duty ;  the  weight  and 
price  per  pound  is  on  the  invoice,  which  is  the  property  of  the  importer  and  not 
retained  as  a  custom-house  document.  A  similar  difficulty  occurs  in  relation  to  the 
weight  of  wool  exported. 

The  following  figures,  therefore,  represent  the  first  attempts  to  col- 
lect wool  statistics  and  are  necessarily  very  imperfect,  being  confined  to 
such  facts  as  could  be  obtained  from  the  collectors  ot  customs  under 
no  general  plan : 

IMPOKTS. 


1817 

1818 

1819 

1820 

To  Sept,  30, 
1821 

Quan- 
tity. 

Value. 

Quan- 
tity. 

Value. 

Quan- 
tity. 

Value. 

Quan- 
tity. 

Value. 

Quan- 
tity. 

Value. 

Angora  goats,  cam- 

Pounds 

Dollars 

Pounds 

Dollars 

Pounds 

Dollars 

Pounds 

Dollars 

Pounds 

Dollar  8 

el  s,vicuS  a,  red,  or 

other,  free  of  duty 
Sheep   or  lambs, 

6,  600 

6, 189 

1,500 

226 

1,700 

1,407 

2,622 

2, 250 

merino  or  com- 

mon, washed  or 

unwashed ;  duty, 

15  per  cent  

2,272 

1,883 

1,102 

479 

106,  788 

24, 965 

384,  333 

93,  829 

24  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


EXPORTS. 


Angora  goats,  etc., 

1817 

1818 

1819 

1820 

To  Sept.  30, 
1821. 

Quan- 
tity. 

Value. 

Quan- 
tity. 

Value. 

Quan- 
tity. 

Value. 

Quan- 
tity. 

Value. 

Quan- 
tity. 

Value. 

Pounds 

Dollars 

Pounds 

Dollars 

Pounds 

Dollars 

Pounds 

Dollars 

Pounds 
900 

Dollars 
900 

Sheep  or  lambs,  etc. : 

To  England  

To  France   

2, 881 
4,200 

7,  081 

18,  542 
318 

3, 465 

Total  

3,540 

18, 860 

11, 242 

3,465 

1,386 

900 

900 

The  total  imports  of  sheep's  or  lamb's  wool,  384,333  pounds,  in  the 
first  three  quarters  of  1821,  shown  in  the  above  statement,  were  derived 
from  the  following  countries: 


Brazil   132,961 

Spain  _   109,388 

Sweden   53,000 

Turkey   34,  227 

England   30,  600 

Denmark   9,  041 

Hanse  Towns   7,  917 

Portugal   7, 199 


384,  333 

The  interest  in  these  early  figures  lies  in  the  predominance  of  imports 
from  Brazil  and  Spain,  a  reminiscence  of  the  great  influence  at  one  time 
exerted  by  Spanish  wool  in  the  leading  wool  markets  of  the  world  and 
of  the  importance  at  that  early  date  of  the  South  American  possibili- 
•  ties  of  supply.  Beginning  with  the  year  1822,  we  have  official  state- 
ments of  the  imports  of  wool,  and  these  have  been  collected  in  a  table 
printed  in  the  appendix. 

IMPORT  PRICES  OF  WOOLS. 

A  noteworthy  fact  is  shown  by  a  comparative  study  of  the  import 
prices  of  raw  wools  as  declared  upon  entry  into  the  United  States  and 
the  United  Kingdom— that  the  buyers  of  the  United  States  do  not 
seem  to  have  benefited  by  the  fall  in  price  to  the  extent  that  English 
buyers  have.  Let  us  parallel  the  import  prices  per  pound  in  the  two 
countries  since  1884 : 


Tears. 

United 
States. 

United 
Kingdom. 

Cents. 

d. 

1884  

16 

12.  09 

1885  

14 

10.  05 

18S6  

13 

9.08 

1887  

14 

10. 15 

1888  

15 

9.  77 

1889  

14 

2.  80 

1890  

15 

10.  30 

1891  

14 

9.36 

1892  

33 

8.74 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  25 


The  fall  in  the  United  States  prices  from  1884  to  1892  has  been  18-7 
per  cent;  in  the  English  prices,  27-7  per  cent.  If  a  further  analysis  of 
the  American  prices  be  made  it  will  be  found  that  the  import  prices  of 
wools  of  class  1  fell  17-4  per  cent;  of  class  2,  44  per  cent,  and  of  class 
3,  23  per  cent.  Qf  the  imports  in  the  two  years  the  per  cent  of  each 
class  of  wool  was : 


1884 

1892 

Class  1  

23  -6 
5-1 
71  '3 

28-7 
4 

67  '3 

Class  2  

Class  3  

The  heaviest  falls  in  prices  occurred  in  the  wools  most  largely  im- 
ported, but  in  neither  instance  was  the  fall  as  great  as  in  the  wools 
imported  into  the  United  Kingdom. 

The  English  returns  are  for  the  calendar  year  1892  and  those  of  the 
United  States  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1892.  The  English 
returns  therefore  included  the  fall  in  prices  that  occurred  in  the  six 
months  following  the  close  of  the  (United  States)  fiscal  year.  The 
difference  can  not  be  given  accurately,  and  the  only  comparison  possi- 
ble is  to  quote  the  import  prices  for  imported  wools  in  the  (United 
States)  fiscal  year  1893  with  the  prices  of  1892 : 


1892 

1893 

Decrease 
since 
1884. 

Cents. 

Cents. 

Per  cent. 

20 

19 

17  2 

Wools  of  class  2  

 do.... 

23 

22 

8-3 

Wools  of  class  3  

 do.... 

10 

8 

38  -4 

All  

 do.... 

13 

11 

31-2 

CONCLUSION. 

A  careful  study  of  the  tables  contained  in  the  appendix  will  lead  to 
the  following  conclusions : 

(1)  That  no  commercial  and  industrial  nation  is  self-sufficient  in  its 
supply  of  wool,  or  ever  has  been  since  machinery  was  first  employed  in 
the  manufacture  of  woolens. 

(2)  That  the  sheep-growing  industry  is  subject  to  the  same  fluctua- 
tions of  prosperity  and  depression  that  affect  every  other  industry. 

(3)  That  neither  woolgrowing  nor  wool  manufacturing  is  a  local 
industry,  unless  shut  in  by  artificial  restrictions  on  the  free  movement 
of  exchange  of  the  raw  wool  or  manufactured  products. 

(4)  That  such  restrictions  are  rarely  placed  upon  the  raw  wool,  but 
are  generally  upon  the  manufactured  products.    No  other  nation  of 


26 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


commercial  and  industrial  importance  imposes  as  high  duties  on  wool 
and  woolens  as  the  United  States. 

(5)  That  no  legislation,  short  of  prohibition  of  foreign  competition, 
has  availed  to  maintain  prices  in  the  face  of  the  rapid  increase  in  the 
world's  supply. 

(6)  That  prices  of  domestic  and  of  imported  wools  have  ruled  higher 
in  the  last  ten  years  in  the  United  States  than  elsewhere;  but  this  has 
not  proved  of  advantage  to  either  woolgrower  or  manufacturer  of 
woolens. 

(7)  That  the  present  depression  is  as  marked  in  Europe,  Asia,  and 
Australasia  as  in  the  United  States,  and  can  not,  therefore,  be  due  to 
any  local  factor  or  condition  applying  only  to  the  United  States. 

(8)  That  foreign  nations  possessing  wool-manufacturing  industries 
gain  by  a  free  choice  of  wools  in  a  free  market. 

(9)  That  the  experience  of  European  nations  would  show  that  the 
free  entry  of  foreign  wool  has  not  destroyed  their  sheep-raising  indus- 
tries ;  that  no  outside  competition  has  or  can  completely  destroy  it,  or 
even  injure  it  in  the  long  run,  where  reasonable  effort  is  made  to  main- 
tain quality  of  clip. 

(10)  That  the  shifting  of  wool-producing  centers — meaning  by  the 
center  the  country  of  wool  production  dominating  the  commercial 
markets — is  inevitable,  and  can  not  be  stayed  or  prevented  by  legisla- 
tion. 

(11)  That  wool  raising  is  controlled  by  the  same  economic  conditions 
as  any  other  interest,  agricultural,  industrial,  or  commercial.  It  is 
extended  when  profitable  and  contracted  when  depressed.  It  is  not 
conducted  to  suit  manufactures,  but  manufactures  conform  to  it, 
changing  methods  and  machinery  to  follow  the  wool  product. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 

In  the  preparation  of  this  report  I  wish  to  acknowledge  special  cour- 
tesies freely  extended  by  Messrs.  Coates  Bros,  and  Justice  &  Bate- 
man  &  Co.,  of  Philadelphia;  Messrs.  Mauger  &  Avery  and  Macnaugh- 
ton  Company,  of  New  York  City;  Mr.  S.  1ST.  D.  North,  Mr.'  Curtis  Guild, 
jr.,  and  Messrs.  George  William  Bond  &  Co.,  of  Boston,  and  the  officials 
of  the  Department  of  Agriculture.  I  have  freely  drawn  upon  the  offi- 
cial publications  by  the  statistical  bureaus  of  foreign  governments,  and 
especially  the  statistical  abstracts  compiled  in  GreatBritain  and  France. 
Drawn  from  so  many  sources,  it  is  not  possible  in  many  cases  to  obtain 
returns  apparently  for  the  same  year  and  covering  the  same  subject 
that  shall  be  exactly  alike.  The  confusion  is  greater  in  that  the  num- 
ber of  sheep  and  the  wool  clip  is  everywhere  a  matter  of  estimate,  and 
hardly  two  estimates  will  agree,  although  they  may  have  been  prepared 
by  the  same  methods.  As  to  the  great  wool  market  of  the  world  I  have 
given  the  summaries  of  Messrs.  Helmuth  Schwartze  &  Co.  in  full  since 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


27 


1887.  The  matter  of  domestic  prices  I  think  is  sufficiently  covered  by 
th  e  publication  of  the  quotations  made  by  Messrs.  Coates  Bros.,  of  Phila- 
delphia, believed  to  be  athe  oldest  wool  circular  issued  in  this  coun- 
try," the  first  annual  having  been  issued  in  1851.  Through  the  cour- 
tesy of  Mr.  Joseph  P.  Truitt,  of  Philadelphia,  I  am  enabled  to  give  his 
valuable  and  scientific  estimates  of  the  wool  clips  for  a  number  of 
years.  It  is  a  pleasure  to  find  the  skilled  knowledge  and  experience  of 
private  individuals  so  well  applied  to  a  special  phase  of  an  intricate 
subject  of  statistical  inquiry. 

WORTHINGTON  C.  FOKD, 

Chief  of  Bureau. 


APPENDIX. 


29 


SHEEP,  WOOL  CLIP,  AND  WOOLEN  MANUFACTURES 
OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


31 


32  WOOL*  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Number  of  Sheep  on  Farms  and  Crop  of  Wool  in  each  State 


[From  the  Official  Reports  of 

NUMBER  OF  SHEEP. 


States  and  Teiritories. 

1S40 

1850 

18G0 

1870 

1880 

1890 

New  Hampshire  

Massachusetts  

Rhode  Island  

Connecticut  

Total  New  En  gland  States. 

New  Jersey  

Maryland  

District  of  Columbia  

2.M  LI  iivUV- 1  • 

649,  264 
617,  390 
1,  681,  819 
378,  226 
90, 146 
403, 462 

451,  577 
384,  756 
1, 014, 122 
188,  651 
44,  296 
174, 181 

Nuvnibcv . 
452, 472 
310, 534 
752,  201 
114, 829 
32, 624 
117, 107 

-i.f  14/ ttvUt,  I  • 

434,  666 
248, 760 
580, 347 
78,  560 
23, 938 
83, 884 

-If  lA/li(/l/&l  • 

565,  918 
211,  825 
439, 870 
67, 979 
17,  211 
59,  431 

370,  484 
131,  611 
333, 947 
51,438 
11, 400 
37,  652 

3,  820,  307 

2,  257,  583 

1, 779, 767 

1,  450, 155 

1,  362, 234 

936,  532 

5, 118,  777 
219,  285 
1,  767,  620 
39,  247 
257,  922 
706 

3,  453, 241 
160,  488 
1,  822,  357 
27,  503 
177,  902 
150 

2,  617, 855 
135, 228 
1,  631, 540 
18,  857 
155,  765 
40 

2, 181,  578 
120, 067 
1,  794,  301 
22,  714 
129,  697 
604 

1,  715, 180 
117,  020 

1,  776,  598 
21,967 
171,184 

1,  528,  979 
55, 409 
1,  612, 107 
12, 265 
132, 329 
14 

Total  Middle  States  

North  Carolina  

South  Carolina  

Florida  

Alabama  

7,  403,  557 

5,  641,  641 

4, 559, 285 

4,  248,  961 

3,  801,  949 

3,  341, 101 

1.293,772 
538,  279 
232,  981 
267, 107 
7, 198 
163,  243 
128,  307 
98, 072 

1,310, 004 
595,  249 
285, 551 
560,  435 
23,  311 
371, 880 
304,  929 
110,  333 
100,  530 
91,  256 
811,  591 

1,  043,  269 
546,  749 
233,  509 
512,  618 
30, 158 
370, 156 
352,  632 
181,  253 
753,  363 
202,  753 
773,  317 

370, 145 
463, 435 
124,  594 
419,  465 
26,  599 
241, 934 
232,  732 
118,  602 
714, 351 
161.077 
826, 783 
552, 327 
936,  765 

497,  289 
461,  638 
118,  889 
527,  589 
56,  681 
347,  538 
287, 694 
135,  631 

2, 411,  633 
246, 757 
672,  789 
674, 769 

1,  000,  269 

495, 313 
402,  247 
79, 421 
440, 459 
98,  275 
386, 380 
451,  779 
186, 167 
3, 454, 858 
243, 999 
540, 996 
785, 063 
937, 124 

Tennessee  

42, 151 
741,  593 

Kentucky  

Total  Southern  States  . 

Ohio  

Illinois  

Wisconsin  

Minnesota  

1,  008, 240 

1, 102,  091 

938,  990 

4,  521,  003 

5, 667, 160 

5, 938,  767 

5, 188,  809 

7, 439, 166 

8, 502, 081 

2,  028,  401 
99,  618 

675, 982 
395,  672 
3  462 

3,  942,  929 
746, 435 

1, 122,  493 
894,  043 
124  896 
80 

149,  960 
762,  511 

3, 546,  767 
1,  271,  743 
991, 175 
769, 135 
332, 954 
13,  044 
259, 041 
937,  445 
17,  569 
2,  355 

4, 928, 635 
1,  985,  906 
1,  612,  680 
1,  568,  286 
1  ftfiQ  99,9 

132,  343 

855, 493 
1,  352, 001 

109,  088 
22  725 

120, 928 

4,  902, 486 
2, 189,  389 
1, 100, 511 
1,  037,  073 
1  336,  807 
267,  598 
455,  359 
1, 411,  298 
499,  671 
1QQ  453 
746, 443 

4,  060,  729 
2, 400,  318 
1,  081, 133 
922,  631 
984, 972 
399, 049 
547,  394 
950,  562 
401, 192 
209, 243 
717,  990 

Iowa  

Missouri  

15,  354 
348, 018 

Total  Western  States. . 

3,  566, 507 

7, 743,  347 

8, 141, 228 

13,  757,  367 

14, 146,  088 

12,  675,  213 

17, 574 

I,  088,  002 
376 
86,  052 
10, 157 

2,  768, 187 
11,  018 
318, 123 
44,  063 

4, 152,  349 
133,  695 

1,  083, 162 
292,  883 

2, 475, 140 
273, 469 

1, 780, 312 
265,  267 

15,  382 

Total  Pacific  States 

32,  956 

1, 184,  587 

3, 141,  391 

5,  662, 089 

4,  794, 188 

Z 
o 


H 

w 

1 

It 

O  ©  ©  O             C>  ©  <&  §>  ^        ©  Q>  <©  ^ 
*0  «0  «0  00  CO          Q0Q6Q0Q0QD          Ov  QQ  QoQ( 

^       ©     C>  ©>  <2><ac>c>c*> 

>  00         00  <£>  <*>  00  00        co  QO  05  00  QQ 
■*  ^1        ^  r-i  ^  ^  r-i       N  n<  »i  ^  rv( 

CO 

B 

is 


co 


.13 
co 


42 

CO 


5 


<M  .1— 


c2 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  33 


and  Territory  of  the  United  States  in  the  Years  Mentioned. 

the  United  States  Census.] 

PRODUCTION  OF  WOOL.  » 


States  and  Territories. 

1840 

1850 

1860 

1870 

1880 

1890 

New  Hampshire  

Massachusetts  

Rhode  Island  

Connecticut  

Total  New  England  States . 
New  Jersey  

District  of  Columbia  

Pounds. 
1,  465,  551 
1,  260,  517 
3,  699,  235 
941,  906 
183, 830 
889, 870 

Pounds. 
1,  364,  034 
1,108,476 
3,  400,  717 
585, 136 
129,  692 
497, 454 

JTounds. 
1,  495,  060 
1, 160,  222 
3, 118,  950 

377,  267 
90,  699 

335,  896 

Pounds. 
1,  774, 168 
1,129,  442 
3, 102, 137 

306, 659 
77, 328 

254, 129 

Pounds .' 
2, 776, 407 

1,  060,  589 

2,  551,113 
299,  089 

65,  680 
230, 133 

Pounds. 
1,  864, 009 
717, 149 
2, 118, 883 
241,  314 
41,  021 
126,  508 

8, 440,  909 

7,  085,  509 

6,  578,  094 

6,  643,  863 

6,  983,  011 

5, 108,  884 

9,  845,  295 
397,  207 
3,  048,  564 
64,  404 
488,  201 
707 

10,  071,  301 
375, 396 
4,481,570 
57,  708 
477, 438 
525 

9,  454,  474 
349,  250 
4,  752,  522 
50,  201 
491,  511 
100 

10,  599,  225 
336,  609 
6,  561,  722 
58,  316 
435,  213 

8,  827, 195 
441, 110 

8,  470,  273 
97,  946 
850, 084 

6,  715,  686 
180,  844 

6,  441, 164 
47,  281 
543, 225 

Total  Middle  States. . . . 
Virginia 

South  Carolina  

Florida  

Texas  

13,  844,  378 

15,  463,  998 

15,  098,  058 

17,  991,  085 

18,  686,  608 

13,  928,  200 

2,  538,  374 
625,  044 
299, 170 
371,  303 
7,  285 
220,  353 
175  196 
49,  283 

2,  860,  765 
970,  738 
487, 233 
990,  019 
23, 247 
657, 118 

<J«J17,  via 

109, 897 
131,  917 
182,  595 
1,  364,  378 

2,  510,  019 
883,  473 
427, 102 
946,  227 
59, 171 
775,117 

290, 847 
1,  493,  738 

410,  382 
1,  405,  236 

877, 110 
799, 667 
156,  314 
846,  947 
37,562 
381, 253 

988  98^ 

140,  428 
1,  251,  328 

214, 784 
1,  389,  762 

1,  593,  541 

2,  234,  450 

1,  836,  673 
917,  756 
272, 758 

1,  289,  560 
162,  810 
762,207 
734  643 
406,  678 

6,  928,  019 
557,  368 

1,  918,  295 

2,  681 , 444 
4,  592,  576 

1,  449,  219 
733, 765 
157,  707 
841, 141 
221,  954 
768,  589 

1    038  18fi 

1,  UOO,  JLoO 

440,  686 
14, 917, 068 
512,  396 
1, 397,  666 

2,  560,  859 
2,  777,  533 

Arkansas  

64,  943 
1,  060,  332 

Total  Southern  States. 

Ohio  

Michigan  

Indiana  

Illinois  

Iowa  

1,  786,  847 

2,  297,  433 

2,  329, 105 

7, 198, 130 

10,  634,  959 

12, 196,  376 

10,  211,  431 

23,  060,  787 

27,  816, 769 

3,  685,  315 
153,  375 

1,  237,  919 
650, 007 
6,  777 

23, 039 
562, 265 

10, 196,  371 
2, 043,  283 
2,  610,  287 
2, 150, 113 

ZOO,  WO 

85 

373,  898 
1,627, 164 

10, 608,  927 
3,  960,  888 
2,  552,  318 

1,  989,  567 

1  Oil 

j ,  uii,  aoo 

20,  388 
660, 858 

2,  069, 778 

24,  746 

Q  Q09 

20,  539,  643 
8, 726, 145 
5,  029,  023 
5,  739,  249 

401, 185 

2,  967,  043 

3,  649,  390 
335,  005 

i i,  OOO 

204,  925 

25,  003,  756 
11,  858, 497 
6, 167,  498 

6,  093,  066 

7  nifi  j.qi 
< ,  uiu,  "±y± 

1, 352, 124 

2,  971,  975 

7,  313,  924 
2,  855,  832 

1,  ZoZ,  DOO 

3, 197,  391 

20,  987,  574 
12,  378,  318 
4,  863, 404 
4, 490,  773 

•it,  aoi|  voo 

1,  945,  249 

2,  649,  652 
4,  040,  084 

2,  253,  240 
791  534 

3,  334,  234 

Nebraska  

Total  Western  States. . 

6,  318,  697 

19,  255, 164 

22,  902,  705 

51,  756,  933 

75, 113,  210 

62,  715, 145 

5,  520 

2,  683, 109 
330 
219,  012 
19,  819 

11,  391,  743 
27,  029 
1,080,  638 
162, 713 

16,  798,  036 
655,  012 
5,  718, 524 
1,389, 123 

16,  858,  547 
1, 450,  868 
9,  982,  910 
1,  556,  792 

Washington  

29,  686 

Total  Pacific  States 

35,  206 

2,  922,  270 

12,  662, 123 

24,  560,  695 

29,  349, 117 

H.  Mis.  94  3 


34  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Number  of  Sheep  on  Farms  and  Crop  of  Wool  in  each  State  and 


NUMBER  OF  SHEEP — Continued. 


kJltlLL/O  till  11.  ICllIlVlilOi 

1840 

1850 

1860 

1870 

1880 

1890 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 
193 

Pounds. 
1  901 
1,021 
2,  024 
619,  438 
803 
59,  672 
6,  409 

Pounds. 

OU,  444 

27,  326 
184,  277 
2,  088,  831 

76,  524 
233, 121 
140,  225 

Pounds, 
a  374,  861 

357,  712 
1,  859,  016 
1,  248,  970 

102, 427 
1,  014, 176 

712, 520 
16,  565 

377,  271 

830, 116 

Utah  

3,  262 

37,  332 

Total  States  and  Terri- 
tories not  elsewhere 

Recapitulation  by  groups. 

New  England  States  

Middle  States  

Southern  States  

Western  States  

Pacific  States  

States  and  Territories  not 
elsewhere  specified  

Total  United  States  . . . 

380,  533 

8S7,  641 

691,  268 

2.  780, 548 

5,  686,  247 

•3,  820,  307 
7, 403,  557 
4,  521,  003 
3,  566,  507 

2,  257,  583 
5,  641,  641 
5,  667, 160 
7,  743, 347 
32,956 

380,  533 

1,  779,  767 

4,  559,  285 

5,  938,  767 
8, 141,  228 
1, 184,  587 

867,  641 

1,450,155 
4,  248,  961 
,  5, 188,  809 
13, 757, 367 
3, 141,  391 

691,  268 

1,  362,  234 
3,  801,  949 
7,  439, 166 

14, 146,  088 
5,  662,  089 

2,  780,  548 

936,  532 

3,  341, 101 
8,  502,  081 

12,  675,  213 

4,  794,188 

5,  686,  247 

19,  311,374 

21,  723,  220 

22,  471,  275 

28,  477,  951 

35, 192,  074 

35,  935,  364 

C  North  Dakota,  136,413;  South  Dakota,  238,448. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  35 


Territory  of  the  United  States  in  the  Years  Mentioned — Continued. 
PRODUCTION  OF  WOOL— Continued. 


States  and  Territories. 

1840 

1850 

1860 

1870 

1880 

1890 

Number. 

Number. 

Number. 

Number. 
8, 810 
3, 415 
100 
684, 930 
679 
109,018 
30,  000 

Number. 
157,  025 
127, 149 
995, 484 

4,  019, 188 
313,  698 
973,  246 
691,  650 

Number, 
b  1,  584,  326 
2, 119,  242 
9,  335, 551 
4,  074,  503 
551,  365 
4,  660,  250 
4, 146,  773 
59, 114 

32, 901 

492, 645 

Utah  

9,  222 

74, 765 

Total  States  and  Terri- 
tories not  elsewhere 

Recapitulation  by  group*. 

New  England  States  

Middle  States  

Southern  States  

Western  States  

Pacific  States  

States  and  Territories  not 

Total  United  States.... 

42, 123 

567,  410 

836,  952 

7,  277,  440 

26, 531, 124 

8, 440,  909 
13,  844,  378 
7, 198, 130 
6,  318,  697 

7,  085,  509 
15, 463,  998 
10,  634,  959 
19, 255, 164 
35, 206 

42, 123 

6,  578,  094 
15,  098,  058 
12, 196,  376 
22,  902,  705 

2,  922,  270 

567, 410 

6,  643,  863 
17,991,085 
10,  211,  431 
51,  756,  933 
12,  662, 123 

836, 952 

6, 983, 011 
18,  686,  608 

23,  060,  787 
75,113,210 

24,  560, 695 

7,  277, 440 

5, 108, 884 
13, 928,  200 
27,  816,  769 
62, 715, 145 
29,  349, 117 

26,  531, 124 

35,  802, 114 

52,  516,  959 

60,  264,  913 

100, 102,  387 

155,  681,  751 

165,  449,  239 

tKorth  Dakota,  510,417;  South  Dakota,  1,073,909. 


36  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Number  of  Sheep  in  each  State  and  Territory  of  the  United  States  from 

1875  to  1894,  inclusive. 

[From  the  Official  Reports  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture.] 


States  and  Territories. 

1875 

1876 

1877 

1878 

1879 

NUTYlhCY . 

AT?/ I'M  Tl0T 

XV  U/tlvUf/T • 

491,  500 

525, 900 

520, 600 

525, 800 

557,  300 

242,  400 

242,  400 

242, 400 

239, 900 

235, 100 

516,  400 

490, 500 

475, 700 

461, 400 

466, 000 

76,  300 

76,  300 

61,  000 

60,  300 

60, 900 

25,  300 

25,  300 

25,  000 

24,500 

24, 500 

88, 100 

92,  500 

92,  500 

92,  500 

96, 200 

Total  New  England  States  

1,  440,  000 

1,  452, 900 

1, 417,  200 

1,  404,  400 

1,  440,  000 

1,  996,  400 

•  1,936,500 

1,  897,  700 

1,  518,  LOO 

2, 121,  000 

127, 100 

125,  800 

125,  800 

128,  300 

127,  000 

Pennsylvania.  

1,  674,  000 

1,  640,  500 

1,  607,  600 

1,  607,  600 

1,  666,  000 

23,  200 

23,  600 

23,  600 

35,  000 

37, 400 

138,  500 

141,  200 

144,  000 

151,  200 

152,  700 

3,  959,  200 

3,  867,  600 

3,  798,  700 

3, 440,  200 

4, 104, 100 

367,  500 

356,  400 

367,  000 

422,  000 

417,  800 

275,  700 

283,  900 

281, 000 

490,  000 

425, 000 

South  Carolina  

147,  200 

142, 700 

144, 100 

175,  000 

182,  000 

375,  000 

371,  200 

378,  600 

382,  300 

374, 400 

31, 500 

37,  800 

40,  400 

56, 500 

59, 900 

182,  300 

185,  900 

195, 100 

270,  000 

204,  000 

147,  400 

151,  800 

163,  900 

250,  000 

192,  600 

62,  600 

68,  800 

71,  500 

125,  000 

127,  500 

1,  445,  700 

1,  691,  400 

2,  826,  700 

3, 674,  700 

4,  560,  000 

183,  300 

192, 400 

190,  400 

285,  000 

293,  500 

Tennessee  

325,  500 

341, 700 

345, 100 

850, 000 

858,  500 

539, 200 

544,  500 

544,  500 

549,  900 

571, 900 

759,  600 

683,  600 

690, 400 

900,  000 

1,  020,  000 

4,  842,  500 

5,  052, 100 

6,  238,  700 

8,  430, 400 

9,  287, 100 

Ohio  

4,  592,  600 

4,  546,  600 

3,  900,  000 

3,  783,  000 

4,  040,  000 

Michigan  

3,  416,  500 

3,  450,  600 

2, 100,  000 

1,  750,  000 

1,  820,  000 

1,  300, 000 

1,  250,  000 

1, 175,  000 

1,  092,  700 

1, 039,  500 

1,  380,  000 

1,  311,  000 

1, 258,  500 

1,  258,  500 

1,  089,  000 

"Wisconsin 

1,  211,  300 

1, 162, 800 

1, 151, 100 

1,  323,  700 

1,  313,  000 

176,  200 

190, 200 

209,  200 

300,  000 

307,  500 

1,  697,  900 

1,  663,  900 

1,  680,  500 

560,  000 

445,  500 

1,  366,  200 

1,  284,  200 

1,  297,  000 

1,  271,  000 

1,  296, 400 

118,  000 

123,  900 

142,  400 

156,  600 

312,  500 

Nebraska  

42,  600 

48,  900 

60,  600 

62, 400 

144,  000 

600,  000 

Total  Western  States  

15,  301,  300 

15,  032, 100 

12,  974,  300 

12, 157,  900 

11,807,  400 

4,  683,  200 

6, 750,  000 

7,  290, 000 

6.  561, 000 

6,  889,  000 

19,  000 

OA  flAA 

zo,  »uu 

24,  000 

( 6,  UUU 

Oregon   

634, 400 

710,  500 

859, 700 

1,  074, 600 

1, 160, 600 

Total  Pacific  States  

5,  336,  600 

7,  481,  400 

8, 173,  700 

7,  707,  600 

8,  049,  600 

CO 
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Z 

ZD 

LU 

X 


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z 
o 


i 


LU 

X 

CO 


O 


CD 
ZD 


I 


8 

Qo 


5 
3 


0O  «0 


00 
00 


s  ^ 

00  co 


co 

00 


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00  00  QO  00 

*<i  ^  ^ 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Number  of  Sheep  in  each  State  and  Territory,  etc.— Continued. 


37 


States  and  Territories. 

1875 

1876 

1877 

1878 

1870 

Number. 

Number. 

Number. 

Number. 

Number. 

Total  States  and  Territories  not 

Recapitulation  by  groups : 

New  England  States  

Middle  States  

Southern  States'  

States  and  Territories  n.  e.  s  

Total  United  States   

2,  904,  000 

3, 049,  200 

3,  201, 600 

2, 600,  000 

a  3, 435, 600 

1,  440,  000 

3,  959,  200 

4,  842,  500 
15,  301,300 

5,  336,  600 

2,  904,  000 

1,  452,  900 
3,  867,  600 
5,  052, 100 
15,  032, 100 
7,  481,  400 
3,  049,  200 

1,  417,  200 
3,  798,  700 
6,  238,  700 
12,  974,  300 
8, 173,  700 
3,  201,  600 

1,  404, 400 
3, 440,  200 
8,  430,  400 

12, 157,  900 
7,  707,  600 

2,  600, 000 

1,440,  000 
4, 104, 100 
9,  287, 100 
11, 807,  400 
8,  049,  600 
3, 435,  600 

33,783,600  |  35,935,300 

35,  804,  200 

35, 740,  500 

38, 123,  800 

States  and  Territories. 

1880 

1881 

1882 

1883 

1884 

Maine  

Vermont  

Massachusetts  

Rhode  Island  

Connecticut  

Total  New  England  States  

New  York  

New  Jersey  

Pennsylvania  

Delaware  

Maryland  

Total  Middle  States  

North  Carolina  

South  Carolina  

Texas   

Tennessee  

Total  Southern  States  

Ohio  

Number. 
596,  300 
242, 100 
498,  600 
63,  300 
28, 200 
97, 100 

Number. 
632, 078 
246,  942 
508,  572 
65, 199 
28,  200 
98,  071 

Number. 
577,  236 
213,  943 
444, 269 
68,  659 
21,514 
60,  025 

Number. 
577, 236 
211,  804 
448,  712 
69,  346 
21,  729 
59, 425 

Number. 
577,  236 
209, 686 
448, 712 
69,  346 
21,  077 
58,  831 

1,  525,  600 

1,  579,  062 

1,  385,  646 

1,  388,  252 

1,  381,  888 

2,  205,  800 
127,  400 

1,  619,  300 
38,  800 
152,  700 

2,  338, 148 
129, 748 

1,  632,  807 
38,  800 
152,  700 

1,  732,  332 
118, 190 

1,  785,  481 
22,  077 
172,  896 

1,  732,  332 
117, 008 

1,  803,  336 
22,  077 
173,  760 

1,  7dZ,  33z 
117,  008 

1,  749,  236 
22,  077 
172,  022 

4, 174,  000 

4,  292,  203 

3,  830,  976 

3,  818,  513 

3,  792,  675 

426, 100 
425,  000 
176,  500 
374, 400 
59,  900 
214,  200 
200,  300 
135, 100 

5, 148, 400 
293,  500 
858, 500 
600,  500 

%  009,  800 

447, 405 
385, 900 
187, 090 
378, 144 
70,  083 
224, 910 
202,  303 
116, 994 

6,  023, 628 
296,  435 
858,  500 
660,  550 

1,  020,  996 

502,  262 
470,  871 
120,  078 
538, 141 
58,  382 
354,  489 
290,  571 
135, 631 
6,  850,  000 
249,  225 
675,  478 
681,517 

C\l\(\  ORlt 

yyu,  .sod 

502,  262 
466, 162 
120, 078 
532,  760 
102,  000 
350,  944 
293,  477 
128,  849 

7,  877, 500 
239,  256 
675, 478 
684,  925 

l,  uuu,  ioy 

487, 194 
452, 176 
116, 476 
543, 415 
98, 940 
343,  925 
293, 477 
124,  984 
7,  956,  275 
227,  293 
655,  214 
671,  226 
you,  JLOO 

9,  922,  200 

10,  872,  938 

11,  916,  911 

12,  973,  860 

12,  950,  761 

4,  080,  400 
1,  856,  400 
1,  019,  000 
1, 110,  800 

4,  243,  616 
1,  930,  656 
1,029,  570 
1, 155,  232 

4,  951,  511 
2,  320,  752 
1,  111,  516 
1,  026,  702 

5,  050,  541 
2,  436,  790 
1, 122, 631 
1, 149,  906 

5,  000,  036 
2, 412,  422 
1, 145,  084 
1, 126,  908 

Michigan  

a  Includes  Nevada  and  Colorado. 


38  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Number  of  Sheep  in  each  State  and  Territory,  etc. — Continued. 


States  and  Territories. 

1880 

1881 

1882 

1883 

1884 

Number. 

1,  olo,  1UU 
307,  500* 
454,  400 

1,  523,  300 
371,  900 
172,  800 

Number. 

1    Q9Q  9fl1 

313,  650 
463,  488 
1,  619,  931 
449,  999 
193, 536 

Number. 

1,  OOU,  1  i  O 

278,  302 
482, 681 
1,  425,  411 
619,  572 
249,  316 

Number. 

1,  363, 677 
281,  085 
497, 161 

1,453, 919 
747, 008 
324, 111 

1,  212,  000 

Number. 

1,  336, 403 
275, 463 
497, 161 

1,  439,  380 
821,  709 
333, 834 

1,  248,  360 

Nebraska  

Total  Western  States  

12,  212,  600 

12,  728,  939 

13,  845,  938 

15,  638,  829 

15,  636,  760 

7,  646,  800 

7,  493,  864 

6,  352,  344 

5,  907,  680 
%  367r000 
2,  403,157 
390,  000 

6,  203,  064 
385,  350 

2,  571,  378 
456,  300 

Oregon  

1,  265, 100 

1, 176, 433 

2,  333, 162 

Total  Pacific  States  

8,  911,  900 

8,  670,  297 

8,  685,  506 

9,  067,  837 

9,  616,  092 



140,  000 

19^  ono 
±&o,  uuu 

405,  000 

3.  960,  000 

602,  000 

513,  000 

a  575, 000 

182,  000 
187  500 
465,  750 
4, 435,  200 
812, 700 
564,  300 
598,  000 

Utah  

Total  States  and  Territories  not 
elsewhere  specified  

Recapitulation  by  groups : 

Middle  States  

States  and  Territories  n.  e.  s  

Total  United  States  

64,  019,  600 

65, 426,  460 

65,  351,  247 

6,  320,  000 

7,  245,  450 

1,  525,  600 
4, 174,  000 
9,  922,  200 
12, 212,  600 
8, 911, 900 
4,  019,  600 

1,  579,  062 

4,  292,  203 
10,  872,  938 
12, 728,  939 

8,  670,  297 

5,  426,  460 

1,  385,  646 
3,  830,  976 
11,  916,  911 
13,  845,  938 
8,  685,  506 
5,  351,  247 

1,  388,  252 
3,  848,  513 
12,  973,  860 
15,  638,  829 
9,  067,  837 
6,  320,  000 

1,  384,  888 
3,  792,  675 
12,  950,  761 
15,  636,  760 
9,  616,  092 
7,  245,  450 

40,  765,  900 

43,  569,  899 

45,  016,  224 

49,  237,  291 

50.  626,  626 

States  and  Territories. 

1885 

1880 

1887 

1888 

1889 

Total  New  England  States  

Pennsylvania  

Delaware  

Maryland  

Total  Middle  States  

Number. 
548, 374 
201,  299 
385,  892 
67,  959 
20,  866 
59,  419 

Number. 
537, 407 
195, 260 
378, 174 
64,  561 
20,  449 
53,  477 

Number. 
526,  659 
195,  260 
378, 174 
63, 270 
20,  245 
53,  477 

Number. 
547,  725 
205,  023 
393,  301 
62, 637 
20,  852 
49, 199 

Number. 
547,  725 
194,  772 
365,  770 
59,  505 
20, 435 
47,  231 

i,  283,  809 

1, 249, 328 

1,  237,  085 

1,  278,  737 

1, 235, 438 

1,  697,  685 
119,  348 

1,  486,  851 
22,  519 
172,  022 

1,  595,  824 
107,  413 

1, 189,  481 
22,  294 
168,  582 

1,  579,  866 
106,  339 

1,  094, 323 
22,  294 
165, 210 

1,  564,  067 
105,  276 
984, 891 
22,  294 
160,  254 

1,  548,  426 
103, 170 
935,  646 
22,  294 
152,  241 

3, 498,  425 

3,  083,  594 

2,  968,  032 

2,  836,  782 

2,  761,  777 

a  Includes  Indian  Territory.  b  Includes  Nevada  and  Colorado. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  39 


Number  of  Sheep  in  each  State  and  Territory,  etc. —Con tinned. 


State  and  Territories. 

1885 

1886 

1887 

•1888 

1889 

Number. 

Number. 

Number. 

Number. 

Number. 

Virginia  

477, 450 

463, 127 

449,  233 

444,  741 

435,  846 

North  Carolina  

488,  350 

468, 816 

450,  063 

427,  560 

419,009 

South  Carolina  

117,  641 

112,  935 

108, 418 

107,  334 

105, 187 

Georgia  

532,  547 

500,  594 

465,  552 

442,  274 

424,  583 

97,  951 

91,  094 

90, 183 

92,  888 

91,  959 

343, 925 

337, 047 

323,  565 

310,  622 

301, 303 

281,  738 

276, 103 

242,  971 

247,  830 

252,  787 

121,  234 

116,  385 

ill,  730 

113,  965 

116,  244 

7,  ooo,  4ol 

6,  802,  615 

4,  761,  831 

4,  523,  739 

4,  659,  451 

99^  AOA 

93  4  091 

99,<  AAH 

990  1 A7 
ZZU,  10/ 

99,4  c.7fi 
ZZ4, 0/U 

UOJj  ooo 

A03  780 
DUO,  I  OU 

£.A1    £J  £. 
OUA,  OIO 

£.1A  £.01 

£.9A  Q9A 

ozo,  uzo 

A37  aap; 

OO  1 ,  UUO 

A91  Q19 

£.03  AAA 
oyo, ooo 

474  933 

181  /139 
404,  4oZ 

QPifl  7A1 

you,  <oi 

Q03  993 

yuo,  Z&o 

8  £.8  0A9 

ooo,  uoz 

7Q7  QQ8 

<y/,  yyo 

80£.  Q7Q 

euo,  y<o 

Total  Southern  States  

12,468,301 

11,  534,  652 

9,  241,  449 

8,  720,  645 

8,  848,  275 

Ohio  

4,  900,  035 

4,  753,  034 

4,  562,913 

4, 106,  622 

4,  065,  556 

Michigan  

2,  364, 174 

2,  269,  607 

2,  156, 127 

2, 113,  004 

2, 134, 134 

Indiana  

1, 122, 182 

1,  088,  517 

1,  034,  091 

1,  003,  068 

1, 420,  000 

1,  093. 101 

1,  005,  653 

925, 201 

814, 177 

773,  468 

1,282,  947 

1,  218,  800 

1,072, 544 

911,662 

793, 146 

Minnesota  

272, 708 

278, 162 

278, 162 

283,  725 

337, 500 

472,  303 

467,  580 

425,  498 

A  AO    A  no 

408,  478 

r  1 1\    n  f\f\ 

540,  700 

1  338  A93 

J.,  OOO,  U£0 

1   98^  078 
1,  ZOO,  U  (o 

1   189  979 

1,  lOZ,  £i  £i 

1   087  AQO 

i,  uo  t ,  oyu 

1    100  111 
1,  lUy,  444 

838  143 

1    1 OO  1 A3 

jl,  ±yu,  ioo 

1    10A  8^9 
1,  1UO,  OOZ 

830  130 

oou,  ioy 

730  £.99 
<oU,  oZZ 

373  QQ4. 

448  673 

4  3Q  700 

422  112 

34.9  000 
Oiu,  uuu 

Colorado  

1, 185, 942 

1, 126,  645 

1, 149, 178 

1, 137,  686 

1, 114,  932 

Total  Western  States  

15,  244,  052 

15, 131,  912 

14,  332,  538 

13, 117,  363 

13,  361. 402 

K  SQ9  Q11 

o,  oy.6,  yn 

A  OAO  AQ8 

u,  uoy,  oyo 

A  OAQ  AQ8 

o,  uoy,  oyo 

£.  1A9  798 
O,  40Z,  1  zo 

3  Q£.A  ono 
o,  yoo,  uuu 

4^0,  ooo 

AA1  9A1 
DDI,  ZOl 

A71  48A 
O  i  4,  400 

AAO  QQA 

oou, yyo 

ACM  OAA 
oy4,  U40 

a,  oiy,  you 

z,  4oy,  ooi 

9  £.03  09Q 

z,  oyo,  uzy 

9  030  193 

4,  you,  izo 

9  Q£,Q  A9A 

a,  yoy,  4^4 

533  871 

044,  040 

£.£.£.  130 

OOO,  40y 

£.10  S8£. 

04y,  ooo 

£.A0  883 
ouu,  ooo 

Total  Pacific  States  

9,  370,  617 

9,  745,  058 

9,  892,  652 

9,  594,  732 

8, 170,  353 

Dakota  

183, 820 

253,  672 

256,  209 

269,  019 

242, 117 

191, 250 

210, 375 

231,  413 

312, 408 

374,  890 

625, 000 

718,  750 

754,  688 

1,  265,  000 

1,  391,  500 

New  Mexico  

5, 410,  944 

4,  328,  755 

4,  025,  742 

3,  623, 168 

3,  514, 473 

ooo,  ooo 

800  009 

627  201 

UOO,  OUA 

665  147 

TT+qVi 

A90  730 
OZU,  /OU 

651  767 

A£.8  9Q£. 
OOO,  Zoo 

1    33£.  OOO 

i,  ooo,  uuu 

1   4A8  £.00 
1, 400, OUU 

AOQ  OAO 

ouy,  you 

£.18  A AA 
OIO,  400 

£.Q1  090 
0o4, 

£.93  3  lO 
OZo,  o4U 

£.A£.  9fi7 
OOO,  ZU  i 

Total  States  and  Territories  not 

8,  495,  039 

7,  577,  787 

7,  087,  558 

7,  986,  496 

8,  221, 834 

Recapitulation  by  groups : 

New  England  States  

1,  283,  809 

1,  249,  328 

1,  237,  085 

1,  278,  737 

1,  235,  438 

Middle  States  

3,  498,  425 

3,  083,  594 

2,  968,  032 

2, 836,  782 

2,  761,  777 

Southern  States  

12, 468,  301 

11,  534,  652 

9,  241,  449 

8,  720,  645 

8, 848,  275 

15, 244,  052 

15, 131,  912 

14,  332,  538 

13, 117,  363 

13,  361,  402 

Pacific  States  

9,  370,  617 

9,  745,  058 

9,  892,  652 

9,  594,  732 

8, 170,  353 

States  and  Territories,  n.  e.  s  

8, 495,  039 

7,  577,  787 

7,  087,  558 

7,  986,  496 

8,  221,  834 

Total  United  States  

50,  360,  243 

48,  322,  331 

44,  759,  314 

43,  544,  755 

42,  599,  079 

40  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Number  of  Sheep  in  each  State  and  Territory,  etc.— Continued. 


States  and  Territories. 

1890 

1891 

1892 

1898 

1894 

Number. 

Number. 

Number. 

Number. 

Number. 

542,  248 

547,  670 

569, 577 

398,  704 

326,  937 

New  Hampshire 

192,  824 

183, 183 

188,  678 

135,  848 

115,  471 

Vermont  

362, 112 

351,  249 

358, 274 

329,  612 

280, 170 

56,  530 

55,  965 

57,  644 

53,  032 

51,  441 

Rhode  Island  

20,  231 

20,  433 

20,  433 

12, 260 

11,  279 

Connecticut  

46,  759 

45,  824 

47, 199 

42,  479 

39,  930 

Total  New  England  States  

1,  220,  704 

1,  204,  324 

1,  241,  805 

971,  935 

825,  228 

New  York   

1,  548,426 

1,  393,  583 

1,  421,  455 

1,  492,  528 

1,  388,  051 

New  Jersey  

103, 170 

100,  075 

102,077 

61,  246 

57,  571 

Pennsylvania  

945,  002 . 

1,  039,  502 

1,  091,477 

1,  637,  216 

1,  473,  494 

Delaware  

22,  294 

22, 517 

22,  967 

13,  551 

12,  873 

Maryland  

153,  763 

156,  838 

164,  680 

151,  506 

145,  446 

Total  Middle  otates  

2,  <  /2,  OOO 

2,  712,  515 

o  Qf»o  ana 
2,  802,  bob 

o,  oOb,  U4/ 

3,  077,  43o 

Virginia  

444,  563 

444,  563 

449,  009 

498,  400 

488,  432 

North  Carolina  

414,  819 

398,  226 

390,  26] 

396, 115 

376,  309 

South  Carolina  

102,  031 

98,  970 

89,  073 

78,  384 

78, 384 

Georgia  

411,  846 

383,  017 

383,  017 

432,  809 

411,169 

Florida  

110,  351 

111,455 

117, 028 

106,  495 

112,  885 

Alabama  

286,  238 

274, 788 

269,  292 

358, 158 

343,  832 

Mississippi  

240, 148 

235, 345 

223, 578 

447, 156 

415,  855 

Louisiana  

115,  082 

113,  931 

118, 488 

191,  951 

184,  273 

Texas 

4,  752,  640 

4,  990,  272 

5,  040, 175 

4,  334,  551 

3,  814,  405 

Arkansas   

269,  484 

269,  484 

264, 094 

240,  326 

228,  310 

Tennessee  ,  

511, 118 

511,118 

506,  007 

541,  427 

519,  770 

508, 654 

518,827 

529,  204 

841,  434 

765,  705 

Kentucky  

805,  978 

765,  679 

773,  336 

1,  237,  338 

1, 163,  098 

8,  97 2,  952 

A    11C    C\H  r. 

9,  115,  b/O 

9, 152,  0b2 

»,  /U4,  044 

o,  yuz,  42/ 

Ohio  

3,  943,  589 

4,  061,  897 

4,  468,  087 

4,  378,  725 

3,  765,  704 

Michigan  

2,  240,  841 

2,  263,  249 

2,  353,  779 

2,  518,544 

2,  392,  617 

1,  278,  000 

1, 150,  200 

1, 161,  702 

1,080,  383 

972, 345 

688,  387 

770, 993 

848,  092 

1, 187,  329 

1,  032,  976 

809,  009 

889, 910 

907, 708 

1, 198, 175 

1,  066,  376 

Minnesota  

327, 375 

330,  649 

357, 101 

499,  941 

514, 939 

Iowa 

475,  816 

452,  025 

565, 031 

791,  043 

775,  222 

Missouri  

1, 198,  200 

898,  650 

916,  623 

1,  099,  948 

1,  000,  953 

438,  313 

447,  079 

469,  433 

389,  629 

323,  392 

Nebraska  

239,  400 

234,  612 

269,  804 

272,  502 

277, 952 

1, 783, 891 

1,  819,  569 

1,710,395 

1,  231, 484 

1,  293,  058 

13, 422,  821 

13,  318, 833 

14,  027,  755 

14,  647,  703 

13, 415,  534 

4,  035, 120 

3,  712,  310 

4,  083,  541 

4, 124,  376 

3,  918, 157 

700,  986 

504,  710 

504,  710 

555, 181 

544, 077 

2,  929,  830 

2, 431,  759 

2,  456,  077 

2,  456,  077 

2,  529,  759 

673, 060 

673,  060 

686,  521 

823,  825 

832,  063 

8,  338,  99b 

7,  321,  839 

7,  730,  849 

n  c\nc\  Ann 

{,  yoy,  4oy 

1 ,  o^4,  UOD 

Dakota  

266,  329 

274,  319 

590,  000 

714,  400 

a!07,  840 

Idaho  

487,  357 

501,  978 

527, 077 

764,  262 

779, 547 

1,  989,  845 

2,  089, 337 

2,  089,  337 

2,  528, 098 

2,  780,  908 

3,  092,  736 

3, 123,  663 

2,  967,  480 

2,  730,  082 

2,  921, 188 

Arizona  

698,  404 

593, 643 

611, 452 

580,  879 

691,246 

a  North  Dakota,  370,880;  South  Dakota,  336,960. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  41 
Number  of  Sheep  in  each  State  and  Territory,  etc. — Continued. 


State  and  Territories. 


Utah  

Wyoming . . 
Oklahoma 


Total  States  and  Territories  not 
elsewhere  specified  

Recapitulation  by  groups : 

New  England  States  

Middle  States  

Southern  States  

Western  States  

•  Pacific  States  

States  and  Territories,  n.  e.  s  

Total  United  States  


1890 


Number. 
2, 055,  900 
1,  017,  373 


1891 


Number. 
2,  055,  900 
1, 119, 110 


9,  607,  944     9,  757,  950 


3,220,  704 
2,  772,  655 
8,  972,  952 
13,  422,  821 

8,  338,  996 

9,  607,  944 


44,  336,  072 


1,  204,  324 

2,  712,  515 
9, 115,  675 

13,  318,  833 
7,  321,  839 
9,  757,  950 


1892 


Number. 
2,  055,  900 
1, 141,492 


9,  982,  738 


1,241,805 
2,  802,  656 
9, 152,  562 
14,  027,  755 
7,  730,  849 
9,  982,  738 


43,  431, 136    44,  938,  365 


1893 


Number. 
2, 117,  577 
1, 198,  567 


10,  633,  865 


971,935 
3,  356,  047 
9, 704,  544 

14,  647, 703 
7,  959,  459 

10,  633,  865 


47,  273,  553 


1894 


Number. 
1,  905,  819 
1, 198,  567 
18,  222 


11,  003,  337 


825, 228 
3,  077,  435 
8,  902,  427 

13,  415,  534 
7,824,056 

11,  003,  337 


45,048,017 


42 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Wool  Clip  of  the  United  States. 
[Estimates  of  James  Lynch,  of  New  York.] 


States  and  sections. 

1866 

1867 

1S68 

1869 

1870 

1871 

Iowa,  Missouri,  Minnesota, 
and  States  east  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi,   except    1  o  w e i 
Southern   

Texas   

Georgia,  Lake,  and  Southern. 

Total  

120,  000,  000 
9,  000,  000 
6,  000, 000 
2,  000,  000 

140,  000,  000 
11,  000,  000 
7,  000,  000 
2,  000,  000 

150,  000,  000 
16,  000,  000 
8,  000,  000 
3,  000,  000 

135, 000,  000 
17,  250,  000 
7,  000,  000 
3,  000,  000 

130,  000,  000 
23,  000,  000 
7,  000,  000 
3,  000,  000 

110,  000,  000 
25,  000,  000 
8,  000,  000 
3,  000,  000 

137,000,  000 

100,  000,  000 

177,  000,  000 

162, 250,  000 

163,  000,  000 

146,  000,  000 

1872 

1873 

1874 

1875 

1876 

1877 

Iowa,  Missouri,  Minnesota, 
and  States  east  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, except  lower 
Southern   

California  

Other  Western  States  and 

120,  000,  000 
24, 000, 000 

3,  000,  000 

9,  000,  000 

4,  000,  000 

125,  000,  000 

'33,  200,  000 

4,  000,  000 
9,  000,  000 
3,  500,  000 

120,  000,  000 

39,  500,  000 

5,  000,  000 
10,  000,  000 
3,  500,  000 

125,  000,  000 

46,  000,  000 

6,  000,  000 
12,  000,  000 
4,  000,  000 

110,  000,  000 
(57,  500,  000 
1  6,250,000 

117,  000,  000 
53,  000,  00O 
9,  250, 000 

Colorado  and  New  Mexico. . . 

Texas   

Georgia,  Lake  and  Southern . 

6,  500,  000 
13,  000,  000 
5,  000,  000 

8,  000,  000 
14,  000,  000 
7,  000,  000 

160,  000,  000 

174,  700, 000 

178,  000,  000 

193,000,000  198,250,000 

208,  250,  000 

1878 

1879 

1880 

1881 

1882 

Iowa,  Missouri,  Minnesota, 

and  States  east  of  the  Mis- 

sissippi,  except  lower 

125,  000, 

000 

133,  000,  000 

148,  000,  000 

164,  600,  000 

166,  550,  000 

California  

39,  000, 

000 

47,  000,  000 

46,  000,  000 

43,  000,  000 

39,  500,  000 

Oregon  

10,  000, 

000 

14,  000,  000 

7,  000,  000 

7,  000,  000 

7,  500,  000 

Other  Western  States  and 

15,  000,  000 

17,  200,  000 

23, 150,  000 

Colorado  and  New  Mexico. . . 

12,  000, 

000 

13,  000,  000 

15,  000,  000 

20,  000,  000 

20,  000,  000 

Texas   

17, 000, 

000 

16,  000,  000 

22,  000,  000 

26,  000,  000 

31,  000,  000 

Georgia,  Lake,  and  Southern 

8,  000, 

000 

9,  500,  000 

11,  000,  000 

12,  200,  000 

12,  300,  000 

Total  

211,  000, 

000 

232,  503,  000 

264,  000,  000 

290,  000,  000 

300,  000,  000 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

Iowa,  Missouri,  Minnesota, 

and  States  east  of  the  Mis- 

sissippi,  except  lower 
Southern  

177,  500,  000 
40,  900, 000 
10,  000,  000 

*  180?  000,  000 
[  49,500,000 

165, 000,  000 

160,  000,  000 

162,500,000 
|    37,  000,  000 

California  

Oregon  

47,  600,  000 

54,  805,  000 

Other  Western  States  and 

Territories  

27,  500,  000 
21,  000,  000 

c  a70,000,000 
I    22,  000,  000 

Colorado  and  New  Mexico. . . 

£  58,000,000 

70,  000,  000 

65,  000,  000 

Texas   

31,  000,  000 
12.  500,  000 

35,  000,  000 
15,  000,  000 

'  31,000,000 
16,  000,  000 

26,  000,  000 
16,  000,  000 

25, 000,  000 
17,  000,  000 

Georgia,  Lake,  and  Southern . 

Total  

320, 400,  000 

337,  500,  000 

329,  600,  000 

322,  305,  000 

333,  500, 000 

*  Including  Oregon. 


WOOL  CLIP,  UNITED  STATES. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  43 


Increase  per  Cent,  based  on  Foregoing  Table. 


States  and  sections. 

1870 

1875 

1880 

18S5 

1887 

Per  cent  (a)  -  Per  cent. 
Increase  +  .  Increase  +  . 
Decrease  —  .  Decrease—. 

Per  cent. 
Increase  +. 
Decrease — . 

Per  cent. 
Increase  +. 
Decrease  — . 

Per  cent. 
Increase  +. 
Decrease — . 

TrkxcQ  "TVfi q g An 7*1  "Mill nPQnf.ii    otuI  Si^JiTPQ 

XU  VV  cij  JjlL  1  &  O U  LI  1 1)  -iiX  1 JJ  llv>J5L»  Id  j  ctliAl  kj  Let  l;Co 

east  of  the  Mississippi,  except  lower 

+8  -33 
+155  -56 

—3  -85 

+  18-40 

+11  -49 

—20  -43 
+57  -14 
+193  '33 
+  73  -33 
+40  -91 
+45. 45 

—1  -52 

Other  Western  States  and  Territories  . 

+59  -09 
—15  -38 
-19-35 
+6-25 

Colorado  and  New  Mexico  

+  150-00 
+  83-33 
+175  -00 

Georgia,  Lake,  and  Southern  

Total  „  

+16-67 
+50  -00 

+  71-43 

+  33-33 

+  18  -98 

+18  -40 

+36  -79 

+  24-85 

+1-79 

a  From  1866. 


1861-1881  from  the  Tariff  Commission  volumes. 

1832-1883  from  the  bulletin  of  the  "Wool  Manufacturers'  Association. 
1884-1886  from  the  Tariff  Hearings,  1888,  p.  599. 


44 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


The  Estimated  Wool  Clip  oe  the  Country  for  1886. 

[By  Joseph  P.  Truitt.] 


States  and  Terri- 
tories. 


Texas  

Ohio  

California  

New  Mexico  

Michigan  

New  York  

Pennsylvania  

Oregon  

Indiana  

Wisconsin  

Illinois  

Missouri  

Colorado  

Kentucky  

Vermont  

Kansas  

West  Virginia. . . 

Maine  

Arizona  

Iowa  

Montana  

Wyoming  

Utah  

Virginia  

Tennessee  

Washington  Ter. 

Georgia  

Nevada  

Minnesota  

Nebraska  

New  Hampshire  . 
North  Carolina . . 

Maryland  

Alabama  

New  Jersey  

Dakota  

Idaho  

Mississippi  

Arkansas  

Massachusetts. . . 

Connecticut  

Louisiana  

South  Carolina  . . 

Florida  

Rhode  Island  

Delaware  


Total . 


Average 
weight 
per  fleece. 

Sh 

eep. 

Wool, 
unwashed. 

Shrinkage , 

Wool 
scoured. 

Lbs. 

Number. 

Pounds. 

P.  ct. 

Pounds. 

g' 

6,  802,  615 

40, 815,  690 

60* 

16,  326,  276 

5 

4,  753,  034 

a23,765, 170 

50 

11,  882,  585 

6 

6,  069,  698 

36, 418, 188 

60 

14,  567,  276 

4 

4,  328,  755 

17,  315,  020 

40 

10,  389,  012 

H 

2,  269,  607 

al4:752, 446 

58 

6, 196,  038 

6 

1,  595,  824 

a  9,  574,  944 

50 

4,  787,  472 

6 

1, 189,  481 

a  7, 136,  886 

50 

3,  568, 443 

7 

2, 469,  551 

17,  286,  857 

60 

6,  914,  743 

oh 

I,  088,  517 

5,  986,  843 

45 

3,  292,  764 

6 

1,  218,  800 

7,  312,  800 

60 

2,  925, 120 

6 

1,  005,  653 

6,  033,  918 

50 

3,  016, 959 

6 

1,  285,  078 

7,  710,  468 

50 

3,  855,  234 

6 

1, 126,  645 

6,  759, 870  ' 

55 

3,  041,  942 

6 

903,  223 

5,  419,  338 

40 

3,  251,  603 

7 

378, 174 

2,  647,  218 

60 

1,058,  888 

7 

1, 190, 163 

8,  331, 141 

65 

2,  915, 900 

5 

624,  912 

3, 124,  560 

40 

1,  864,  736 

6 

537, 407 

3,  224,  442 

30 

2,  257, 110 

8 

896,  002 

7, 168,  016 

70 

2, 150, 405 

6 

467,  580 

2,  805, 480 

65 

981,  918 

7 

718,  750 

5, 031,  250 

65 

1,  760,  938 

H 

518,  466 

3,  370,  029 

65 

1, 179,  511 

7 

651,  767 

4,  562,  369 

55 

2,  053,  067 

i  5 

463, 127 

2,  315,  635 

50 

1, 157, 817 

6 

603,  780 

3,  622,  680 

60 

1,  449, 072 

6 

544, 548 

3,  267,  288 

60 

1,  306,  916 

4 

500,  594 

2,  002,  376 

50 

1,  001, 188 

7 

661,  261 

4,  628,  827 

60 

1,  851,  531 

6 

278, 162 

1,  668,  972 

65 

584, 141 

7 

448,  673 

3, 140,  711 

65 

1,  099,  249 

6 

195,  260 

1, 171,  560 

60 

468, 624 

5 

468,816 

2,  344,  080 

60 

937,  632 

4 

168, 582 

674,  328 

50 

337, 164 

4 

337,  047 

1,  348, 188 

50 

674,  094 

5 

107,  413 

537,  065 

50 

268,  533 

7 

253,672 

1, 775,  704 

65 

621, 497 

7 

210,  375 

1,  472,  625 

65 

515,  419 

6 

276, 103 

1,  656,  618 

60 

662,  648 

7 

234,  021 

1,  638, 147 

65 

573,  352 

6 

64,  561 

387,  366 

60 

154, 947 

5 

53,  477 

267, 385 

50 

133,  693 

5 

116,  385 

581,  925 

55 

261,  867 

5 

112,  935 

564,  675 

50 

282,  337 

5 

91,  094 

455,  470 

50 

227,  735 

6 

20,  449 

122,  694 

50 

61,  347 

6 

22,  294 

133,  764 

50 

66,  882 

48,  322,  331 

227, 101,  580 
a  55,229,446 

124,  945,  625 

Estimated  amount  of  combing 
wool  "  in  grease." 


X  and 
above. 

Medium. 

Quarter. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

4,  990,  685 

1, 425, 910 

712, 955 

4,  425, 733 

1,  436,  241 
1,  498,  745 

1,  436,  241 
214, 106 
12, 100,  799 
4,  789,  474 

428,  213 

2,  925, 120 

6, 168,  374 

5,  419,  338 

529,  443 
833, 114 
1,  249,  824 

644,  888 

716,  801 

280,  548 

1,  509,  375 
505, 504 

926,  254 

980, 186 

166,  897 

269,  731 

107, 413 
177,  570 
147,  262 

DO,  (OD 

26,  738 
145, 481 

53,  505 

11,  464,  306 

12, 103,  553 

33;  713,  345 

a  Washed. 

Total  number  of  sheep    48,  322,  331 

Pounds  of  wool  unwashed  "227, 1017580 

washed   55,  229, 446 

Total   282, 331,  026 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


45 


Estimated  Wool  Clip  of  the  Country  for  the  Year  1887. 
[By  Joseph  P.  Truitt.] 


States  and  Territories. 


Average 
weight 
per  fleece. 


Texas   

Ohio  

California  

New  Mexico  

Michigan  

New  York  

Pennsylvania  

Oregon   

Indiana  

Wisconsin  

Illinois  

Missouri  

Colorado  

Kentucky  

Vermont  

Kansas  

West  Virginia  

Maine  

Arizona  

Iowa  

Montana  

Wyoming  

Utah  

Virginia  

Tennessee  

Washington  Territory . 

Georgia  

Nevada   

Minnesota  

Nebraska  

New  Hampshire  

North  Carolina  

Maryland  

Alabama  

New  Jersey  

Dakota  

Idaho  

Mississippi  

Arkansas  

Massachusetts  

Connecticut  

Louisiana  

South  Carolina  

Florida  

Rhode  Island  

Delaware  


Pounds. 
6 
5 
6 
4 

H 

6 
6 

7. 

Mi 

6 
6 


Total  . 


Sheep. 


Number. 
4,  761,  831 
4,  5G2,  913 
6.  069,  698 
4,  025,  742 
2, 156, 127 

1,  579,  866 
1,094,  323 

2,  593,  029 
1.  035,  091 
1,072,  544 

925, 201 
1,182,  272 
1, 149, 178 
858,  062 
378, 174 
1, 106,  852 
593,  666 
526,  659 
627,  201 
425,  498 
754, 688 
534,  020 
658,  285 
449,  233 
561,  515 
555, 439 
465,  552 
674,  486 
278, 162 
439, 700 
195,  260 
450, 063 
165,  210 
323,*  565 
106,  339 
256,  209 
231, 413 
242,  971 
224,  660 
63,  270 
53,  477 
111,730 
108,  418 
90, 183 
20,  245 
22,  294 


44,  759,  314 


Wool, 
unwashed. 


Pounds. 
28, 570,  986 
a  22,  814,  565 
36,  418, 188 
16, 102,  968 
a  14, 014, 825 
a  9,  479, 197 
a  6,  565,  938 
18, 151,  203 

5,  687,  501 

6,  435,  264 

5,  551,  206 

7,  093,  632 

6,  895,  068 
5, 148,  372 
2,  647,  218 

7,  747,  964 
2,  968,  330 
3, 159,  954 
5,  017,  608 

2,  552,  988 
5,  282,  816 

3,  471, 130 

4,  607,  995 

2,  246, 165 

3,  369,  090 

3,  332,  634 
1,  862,  208 

4,  721, 402 

1,  668,  972 
3,  077,  900 
1, 171,  560 

2,  250;  315 
660,  840 

1,  294,  260 
531, 695 
1,  793, 463 
1,619,  891 
1,  457,  826 
1, 572,  620 
379,  620 
267,  385 
558,  650 
542,  090 
450,  915 
121,  470 
133, 764 


5  208,  595, 126>) 
Iab2,  874,524<» 


Shrink- 
age. 


Per  cent. 
60 
50 
60 
40 
58 
50 
50 
60 
45 
60 
50 
50 
55 
40 
60 
65 
40 
30 
70 
65 
65 
65 
55 
50 
60 
60 
50 
60 
65 
65 
60 
60 
50 
50 
50 
65 
65 
60 
65 
60 
50 
55 
50 
50 
50 
50 


Wool, 
scoured. 


Pounds. 
11,  428,  395 
11, 407,  283 
14,  567,  276 
9,  661,  781 
5,  886, 227 
4,739,  598 
3,  282,  969 
7,  260,  482 
3, 128, 126 
2,  574, 106 

2,  775,  603 

3,  546,  816 
3, 102,  781 
3,  089,  024 

1,  058,  888 

2,  711,  788 

1,  780,  998 

2,  211,  968 
1,  505,  283 

893,  546 
1,  848,  986 

1,  214,  896 

2,  073, 598 
1, 123,  083 
1,  347,  636 
1,333,054 

931,104 
1,  888,  561 
584, 141 
1,  077, 265 
468, 624 
900, 126 
330,  420 
647, 130 
265,  848 
627,  713 
566,  962 
583, 131 
550, 417 
151, 848 
133, 692 
251, 393 
271,  045 
225,  457 
60, 735 
66,  882 


116, 136,  685 


a  Washed. 

Unwashed   208,  595, 126 

Washed   52,  874, 524 


Total   261,469,650 


46  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Estimated  Wool  Clip  of  the  Country  for  the  Year  1889. 


[By  Joseph  P.  Truitt.] 


States  and  Territories. 

Average 
weight 
per  fleece. 

Sheep. 

Wool, 
washed  and 
unwashed. 

Shrink- 
age. 

Wool, 
scoured. 

jl  yj  (A/ivW/O . 

J.V  (AjI/I  Uts  f  ■ 

J-  U  (A/tl'Lio  • 

• 

6 

547,  725 

3  286  350 

40 

1  Q71  810 

X,  $7(1,  oxu 

ISTeTV-  Hampshire 

6 

194,  772 

i,  168,  632 

60 

467  453 

7 

365  770 

2  560  3Q0 

60 

1   094  l^ft 

X,  U.J'*,  ±Ovj 

IVTassachusetts 

6 

59,  505 

357,  030 

50 

178  515 

Rhode  Island                   ........  .. 

6 

20,  435 

122, 610 

40 

73,  566 

Pnnnpf't.ipnt. 

47, 231 

236  155 

45 

log 

~NT«w  V'  f»T*lr 

6 

1,  548,  426 

9,  290,  556 

50 

4  64^  978 

¥ow  .Tp.rsftv                           ..   ...  ....... 

5 

103, 170 

515,  850 

50 

257  925 

6 

935,  646 

5  613  876 

55 

9  ry;>fi  94c 

4,  <J_U,  «iX»J 

T  ^  <  1 1  rj  TTTQ  J*(X 

6 

22,  294 

133  764 

50 

fifi  889 

^Maryland  ................. 

4 

152,  241 

608,  964 

50 

304,  482 

VircciTiia, 

5 

435,  846 

2, 179,  230 

50 

1  089  fi15 

xSTorth  Carolina 

5 

•419,  009 

2,  095,  045 

55 

942  770 

South.  Carolina 

105, 187 

525,  935 

50 

262  967 

4 

424,  583 

1, 698,  332 

42 

985  033 

Florida 

5 

91,  959 

459,  795 

45 

252,  887 

Alabama  

4 

301,  303 

1,  205,  212 

50 

602,  606 

Mississippi                ....  ......... 

6 

252,  787 

X,  516,  722 

55 

682  525 

Louisiana.  -  

5 

110,  244 

581,  220 

55 

261,  549 

6 

4,  659, 451 

27,  956,  706 

60 

11  182  683 

7 

224, 570 

1  571, 990 

55 

550  1Q7 

T'A'n'nPKQP.A  ' 

6 

526,  926 

3  161  556 

55 

1  422  700 

5 

484,  432 

2, 422, 160 

40 

1  453  296 

6 

805,  978 

4,  835,  868 

40 

2  901  521 

Ohio 

5 

4,  065,  556 

20,  327.  780 

50 

10  163  890 

M^ichi  o'an 

6i 

u2 

2  134, 134 

13  871,  871 

58 

5,  826, 186 

TrifHn.n  a, 

1  420, 000 

7  810  000 

45 

4, 295  500 

TlHnnis 

773, 468 

4  640  808 

50 

2,  320, 404 

Wisconsin   

6 

793, 146 

4,  758,  876 

60 

1,  903, 550 

HVTi  tin  ocirk'i'.fi, 

Q 

337  -100 

9  A9t  000 

65 

708  750 

Q 

540,  700 

3,  244,  200 

65 

1, 135,  470 

\Tl  G  Q  All  Tl 

Q 

1  109  444 

50 

3,  328,  332 

7 

730  522 

5  113  6^4 

65 

1  789, 779 

"NJ"a  Vit*o  air  ii. 

7 

342  000 

9  304  000 

65 

837, 900 

C^€k  li  "FriTTi  i  a. 

fii 

D2 

3, 956,  000 

95  714  000 

65 

8,  999,  900 

7 

2  Q5Q  424 

on  71  <=>  Qfi8 

60 

8,  286,  387 

7 

694  046 

A    QKQ  Q99 

65 

1  700,  413 

Colorado 

7 

1  114,  932 

7  804, 524 

65 

2, 731,  583 

8 

665, 147 

5,  321, 176 

70 

1,  596,  353 

Dakota 

7 

242, 117 

1,  694, 819 

65 

593, 187 

7 

374  890 

Oil;  Oi7V 

2,  624,  230 

65 

918, 481 

7 

1  391  500 

q  74.0  ^00 

65 

3, 409, 175 

4 

3,  514,  473 

14,  057,  892 

40 

8,  434,  735 

Utah  

7 

1,468,  500 

10,  279,  500 

55 

4,  625,  775 

Washington  Territory  

6 

560,  883 

3, 365,  298 

60 

1,  346, 119 

7 

565,  207 

3,  956,  449 

70 

1, 186,  935 

Total  

42,  599,  079 

255,  079,  479 
40,  700,  000 

110,  375,  350 

Pulled  wool,  on  estimate  of  1887  

Average  shrinkage,  56-23  per  cent. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  47 
Estimated  Wool  Clip  of  the  Country  for  the  Year  1890. 


[By  Joseph  P.  Truitt.J 


States  and  Territories. 

Average 
weight 
per  fleece. 

Sheep. 

Wool, 
washed  and 
unwashed. 

Shrink- 
•age. 

Wool, 
scoured. 

  —  

Pounds. 

Number. 

Pomids. 

Per  cent. 

Pounds. 

6 

542,  248 

3, 253, 488 

40 

1,  952,  093 

6 

192, 824 

1,156,  944 

60 

462, 778 

7 

362, 112 

2,  534,  784 

60 

1,  013,  914 

6- 

56,  530 

339, 180 

50 

169,  590 

6 

20,  231 

121,  386 

40 

72, 832 

5 

46  759 

233, 795 

45 

128, 587 

6 

1,  548, 426 

9,  290,  556 

50 

4,  645, 278 

5 

103, 170 

515,  850 

50 

257,  925 

6 

945, 002 

5,  670,  012 

55 

2,  551,  505 

6 

22,  294 

133, 764 

50 

66, 882 

4 

153,  763 

615,  052 

50 

307,  526 

5 

444,  563 

2,  222,  815 

50 

1,111,407 

5 

414,  819 

2,  074,  095 

55 

933, 343 

5 

102,  031 

510, 155 

50 

255,  077 

4 

411, 846 

1,  647,  384 

42 

955, 483 

5 

110,351 

551,  755 

45 

303,  465 

4 

286,  238 

1, 144,  952 

50 

572,  476 

6 

240, 148 

1,440,  888 

55 

648, 400 

5 

115,  082 

575,  410 

55 

258, 935 

6 

4,  752,  640 

28,  515,  840 

60 

11,  406,  336 

7 

269,  484 

1,  886,  388 

65 

660, 236 

6 

511,118 

3,  066,  708 

55 

1,  380,  019 

West  Virginia  

5 

508,  654 

2,  543,  270 

40 

1,525,  962 

Kentucky  

6 

805,  978 

4,  835,  868 

40 

2,  901,  521 

5 

3,  943,  589 

19,  717,  945 

50 

9,  858,  972 

6* 

2,  240,  841 

14,  565,  466 

58 

6, 117,  496 

1, 278,  000 

7,  029,  000 

45 

3,  865,  950 

6 

688,  387 

4, 130,  322 

50 

2,  065, 161 

Wisconsin  

6 

809,  009 

4,  854,  054 

60 

1,941,622 

Minnesota  

6 

327,  375 

1,  964,250 

65 

687, 487 

6 

275,  816 

2,  854,  896 

65 

999,  214 

C 

1, 198,  200 

7, 189,  200 

50 

3,  594,  600 

7 

438, 313 

3,  068,191 

65 

1,  073,  867 

7 

239,  400 

1,675,  800 

65 

586,  530 

4,  035,120 

26,  228,  280 

66 

9, 179,  898 

7 

2, 929,  830 

20,  508,  810 

60 

8,  203,  524 

7 

700,  986 

4,  906,  902 

65 

1,  717,  416 

7 

1,  783, 891 

12, 487,  237 

65 

4, 370,  533 

8 

698,  404 

5,  587,  232 

70 

1,  676, 170 

7 

266,  329 

1,  864,  303 

65 

652,  506 

7 

487,  357 

3,411,499 

65 

1, 194,  025 

7 

1,  989,  845 

13,  928,  915 

65 

4,  875, 120 

4 

3,  092,  736 

12,  370,  944 

40 

7,  422,  566 

Utah  

7 

2, 055,  900 

14,  391,  300 

55 

6,  476,  085 

6 

673,  060 

4, 038,  360 

60 

1,  615,  344 

Wyoming  

7 

1,  017,  373 

7, 121,  611 

65 

2,  492,  564 

Total  

44,  336,  072 

268,  774,  856 
40, 700,  000 

1 

115,  208,  220 

Pulled  wool,  on  estimate  of  1887   

1 

Average  shrinkage,  54*88  per  cent. 


48  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Estimated  Wool  Clip  of  the  Country  for  the  Year  1891. 


[By  S.  N.  D.  North,  on  the  basis  of  Joseph  P.  Truitt's  estimate.] 


States  and  Territories. 

Average 
weight 
per  fleece. 

Sheep. 

Wool, 
washed  and 
unwashed. 

Shrink- 
age. 

Wool, 
scoured. 

Pounds. 

Number. 

Pounds. 

Per  cent. 

Pounds. 

6 

547,  670 

3,  286,  020 

40 

1,971,612 

6 

183, 183 

1,  099,  098 

60 

439,  639 

7 

351,  249 

2.  458,  743 

60 

983, 497 

6 

55,  965 

335, 790 

50 

167^895 

6 

20,  433 

122,  598 

40 

73, 559 

5 

45,  824 

229, 120 

45 

126,016 

6 

1,393, 583 

8,  361,  498 

50 

4, 180,  749 

5 

100,  075 

500,  375 

50 

250, 187 

6 

1,  039,  502 

6,  237,  012 

55 

2,  806,  655 

6 

22,  517 

135, 102 

50 

67,  551 

4 

156,  838 

627,  352 

50 

313,  676 

5 

444, 563 

2,  222,  815 

50 

1,  HI,  407 

5 

398,  226 

1,  991, 130 

55 

896,  009 

5 

98,  970 

494,  850 

50 

247,  4^5 

4 

383, 017 

1,  532,  068 

42 

888,  599 

5 

111,455 

557,  275 

45 

306,  501 

4 

274, 788 

1,  099, 152 

50 

549,  576 

Mississippi  

6 

285,  345 

1,  412,  070 

55 

635, 432 

5 

113,  931 

569, 655 

55 

256,  345 

6 

4,  990,  272 

29,  941,  632 

60 

11,  976,  653 

7 

269,  484 

1,  886,  388 

65 

660,  2C6 

Tennessee  

6 

511,118 

3,  066,  708 

55 

1,  380,  019 

West  Virginia  

5 

518,  827 

2,  594, 135 

40 

1,  556,  481 

Kentucky  

6 

765,  679 

4,  594,  074 

40 

2,  756,  444 

5 

4,061,897 

20,  309,  485 

50 

10, 154,  742 

2,  263,  249 

14,  711, 118 

58 

6, 178,  670 

1, 150,  200 

6,  326, 100 

45 

3,  479,  3f5 

Illinois  

6 

770, 993 

4,  625,  958 

50 

2,  312,  9'.  9 

Wisconsin  

6 

889,  910 

5,  339, 460 

60 

2, 135,  7f  4 

Minnesota  

6 

330,  649 

1,  983,  894 

65 

694, 363 

Iowa  

6 

452,  025 

2,  712, 150 

65 

949,  2f  3 

Missouri  

6 

898, 650 

5,  391,  900 

60 

2,  695,  9f0 

Kansas  »  

7 

447,  079 

3, 129,  553 

65 

1,  095,  344 

Nebraska  

7 

234,  612 

1,  642,  284 

65 

574,  7S9 

6| 

3,  712,  310 

24,  130,  015 

66 

8,204,  2(5 

7 

2, 431, 759 

17,  022,  313 

60 

6,  808,  955 

Nevada  

7 

504,  710 

3,  532,  970 

65 

1,236,  540 

7 

1,  819,  569 

12, 736,  983 

65 

4,  457,  944 

8 

593,  643 

4,  749, 144 

70 

1,424,743 

7 

274,  319 

1, 920,  233 

65 

672.182 

7 

501,978 

3, 513,  846 

65 

1,  229,  846 

7 

2,  067,  337 

14,  471,  359 

65 

5,  004,  976 

4 

3, 133,  663 

12,  534,  652 

40 

7.  520,  791 

Utah  

7 

2,  055,  900 

14, 391,  300 

55 

6,  476.  085 

6 

673, 060 

4,  038,  360 

60 

1,  615,344 

7 

1, 119, 110 

7, 833,  770 

65 

2,  741,  820 

43,  419, 136 

262,  401,  507 
45, 000,  000 

112,  326,  703 
27,  000, 000 

Pulled  wool,  Department  of  Agricul- 

! 

Average  shrinkage,  54*87  per  cent, 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.     .  49 
Estimated  Wool  Clip  of  the  Country  for  the  Year  1892. 


[By  S.  1ST.  D.  North.] 


States  ond  Territories. 

Average 
weight 
per  fleece. 

Sheep. 

"Wool, 
washed  and 
unwashed. 

Shrink- 
age. 

Wool, 
scoured. 

Pounds. 

Number. 

Pounds. 

Per  cent. 

Pounds. 

569  577 

3  417  469 

43 

1  007  0^3 

7 

188  078 
100,  0  /  O 

1  QO0  746 

60 

PL98  9Q8 
0^.0,  ..Jo 

71 

«2 

3<^8  974. 
ooo,  &  1  ■* 

9  fi«7  055 

60 

1  074  822 

57  644 

34  864 

45 

190  225 

on  jq3 

-SU,  4oO 

199  ^08 

40 

73  558 

,47  1  QQ 

4 / , iyy 

LiOO,  J  JO 

45 

129  797 

6i 

1  421  445 

8  884  0Q4 

53 

4,  1 (O,  OZ4 

5 

102,  077 

510  385 

48 

265  400 

1    OQ1    /1 77 

i,  uyi,  4  /  / 

O  ^48  809 
O,  040,  OOii 

53 

3  077  00^ 

0,  u  /  ( ,  yoo 

°2 

90  Q07 

zz,  yo/ 

190  318 

li-U,  OlO 

46 

68  211 

4i 

164  680 
lUlt,  uou 

f       741, 060 

50 

370  p»30 

O  1  VJ,  OOU 

AAQ  OOQ 

44y,  uuy 

9  94^  04^ 
CtO,  v±o 

45 

1  234  774 

0 

3Q0  0O1 

oyu,  zoi 

1   Q^l  ^O^i 

i,  yoi,  ouo 

53 

Q1 7  115 

»i /,  no 

R 
0 

QQ  073 

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44^  ^fi^ 

50 

999  A83 
ZZZ, OOo 

41 
^2 

ooo  ni7 

OOo,  Ul  / 

1   793  ^77 

1,     (  iJ!.>,  Oil 

42 

QQQ  074 

yyy,  0/4 

5 

117  028 

^8^  140 

43 

333  ^30 
OOo, OOU 

41 

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1  211  814 

50 

60 ^  007 

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003  P»7Q 
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1  341  408 
1,  o41,  400 

55 

OH3  OOO 
OUo,  OOU 

5 

118  488 

592  440 

53 

978  446 

7 
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c  nin  i 7^ 

D,  U4U,  I/O 

Qf;  081  "0^ 
oO,  ZOl,  -CD 

65 

19  3/<Q  AOQ 
1Z,  o40,  4zy 

^04,  uy4 

1  716  611 

65 

onn  Qi 3 

OUU,  Olo 

°2 

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0  783  0°,Q 

50 

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1,  oyi,  oiy 

EiOQ  004 

ozy,  zu4 

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44 

1    /(Q1  771 
1,  401,  111 

771  3Q0 
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d   /I/IO  089 
4,  440,  OOZ 

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^2,  000,  uuy 

A   ACA  087 
4,  400,  UO  / 

99  Q40 

52 

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1 1\  9QQ  r;03 
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58 

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1   101  700 
1,  101,  /UZ 

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61 

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t\  Q00  100 

58 

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1,  314,  412 

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%\ 

611,  452 

5, 197,  342 

70 

1,  559,  202 

7 

590, 000 

4, 130,  000 

62 

1,  569,  400 

g 

527  077 

4  910  01 0 

66 

1  433  6JQ 

% 

2,  089,  337 

15,  670,  028 

63 

5,  797,  910 

New  Mexico  

2,  967, 480 

13,  353,  660 

46 

7, 210,  976 

Utah  

7 

2,  055,  900 

14,  391,  300 

65 

5,  036,  955 

6i 

686,  521 

4,  462,  387 

63 

1,  651,  083 

8 

1, 141, 492 

9, 131,936 

66 

3, 104,  858 

Total  

6* 

44,  938,  365 

287,  018,  405 

59 

117,  700,  318 

H.  Mis.  94  4 


50  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Estimated  Wool  Clip  of  the  Country  for  the  Year  1893. 


[By  S.  N.  D.  North.] 


States  and  Territories. 

Average 
weight 
perfleece. 

Sheep. 

Wool, 
washed  and 
unwashed . 

age. 

Wool, 
scoured. 

Pounds. 

Number. 

Pounds. 

Per  cen  t. 

Pounds. 

6 

398,  704 

2,  392,  224 

43 

1,  363,  568 

7 

135, 848 

950,  936 

60 

380,  374 

7h 

329,  612 

2, 472,  090 

60 

988,  836 

6 

53,  032 

318, 192 

45 

175, 006 

6 

12,  260 

73, 560 

40 

44, 136 

5 

42,  479 

212,  395 

45 

116,  817 

6£ 

1,  492,  528 

9,  328,  300 

53 

4,  384,  301 

New  Jersey  

5 

61,  246 

306,  230 

48 

159,  240 

6 

1,  637,  216 

9,  823,  296 

53 

4,  616,  949 

$h 

13,  551 

74,  531 

46 

40,  247 

Maryland  t. 

151,  506 

681,  777 

48 

354,  524 

5 

498,  400 

2, 492,  000 

45 

1,  370,  600 

5 

396, 115 

1,  980,  575 

50 

990,  288 

South  Carolina  

5 

78, 384 

391, 920 

45 

215,  556 

Georgia  

432,  809 

1,  947,  641 

40 

1, 168, 485 

5 

106, 495 

532, 475 

43 

303,  511 

Alabama  

4£ 

358, 158 

1,  611,  711 

45 

886,  441 

Mississippi  

6 

477, 156 

1,  862,  936 

55 

838,  321 

5 

191,  951 

959,  755 

50 

479,  878 

7 

4,  334,  551 

30,  341,  857 

68 

9,  709,  394 

6 

240,  326 

1,  441, 956 

60 

576,  782 

541, 427 

2,  977, 849 

48 

1,  548,  481 

841, 434 

4,  627,  887 

45 

2,  545,  338 

5£ 

1,  237,  338 

6,  805,  359 

40 

4,  083,  215 

5 

4,  378,  725 

21,  893,  625 

52 

10,  508, 940 

6| 

2,  518,  544 

16,  370,  536 

58 

6,  875,  625 

6 

1,  080,  383 

6,  482,  298 

45 

3,  565,  264 

$h 

1, 187,  329 

7,  717,  638 

50 

3,  858,  819 

6 

1, 198, 175 

7, 189,  050 

50 

3, 594,  525 

6 

499,  941 

2,  999,  646 

63 

1, 109,  869 

Iowa  

7 

791,  043 

5,  537,  301 

62 

2, 104, 174 

6 

1,  099,  948 

6,  599,  688 

53 

3, 101,  853 

8 

389,  627 

3, 117,  016 

65 

1,  090,  956 

9 

272,  502 

2,  452,  518 

68 

784,  806 

California  

4, 124,  376 

26, 808,  444 

65 

9, 114,  871 

8 

2,  456,  077 

19,  648,  616 

65 

6,  877,  016 

8 

555, 181 

4, 441,  448 

69 

1,  376,  849 

1\ 

1,  231,  484 

9,  236, 130 

65 

3,  232,  645 

6 

580,  879 

5,  227,  911 

73 

1,  411,  536 

% 

390, 400 

2,  440,  000 

63 

902,  800 

South  Dakota  

6 

324,  000 

1,  994,  000 

55 

897,  30 

8 

764,  262 

6, 114,  096 

68 

1, 956,  511 

Montana  

7 

2,  528,  098 

17,  696,  686 

63 

6,  547,  774 

44 

2,  730, 082 

12,  285,  369 

50 

6  '142,  685 

7 

2, 117,  577 

14,  823,  039 

65 

5, 188,  064 

Washington  

7 

823,  825 

5,  766,  775 

66 

1,  960,  704 

8* 

1, 198,  567 

10, 187,  820 

68 

3,  260, 102 

Total  

Pulled  Wool  

6.  38 

47, 273,  553 

301,  538, 138 

59.  27 

122,  803,  776 

47, 000,  000 
348,  538, 138 

40 

28,  200,  000 
151,  003,  776 

Total  fleece  and  pulled  wool  

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


51 


Price  in  the  Foreign  Markets  op  Imported  Wools  Entered  for  Consumption 
in  the  United  States  in  the  Given  Years. 


Years  ending 
June  30— 

Class  1,  clothing  wools. 

Class  2,  combing  wools. 

Value,  32 
cents  or 
less  per 
pound. 

Value, 
over  32 
cents  per 
pound. 

Total 

ing 
wools. 

Value,  32 
cents  or 
less  per 
pound. 

Value, 
over  32] 
cents  per 
pound. 

Total 
wools. 

1867  

Cents. 
26.5 

18.7 

Cents. 
37.6 

39  0 

Cents. 
32.7 

19.3 

Cents. 
21.1 

Cents. 

Cents. 
21.1 

12.1 

1868  

12.1 

1869  

19.7 

37 

1 

20.2 

22.7 

34.5 

24.1 

1870  

17.0 

36 

2 

19.1 

24.3 

36.7 

27.8 

1871  

19.8 

37 

4 

20.1 

17.6 

36.7 

17.9 

1872  

22.7 

40 

0 

24.7 

18.5 

43.6 

21.8 

1873  

25.0 

48 

2 

27.9 

22.7 

59.1 

26.2 

1874  

28.6 

39. 

7 

33.8 

21.8 

39.1 

22.9 

1875  

25.7 

33. 

5 

27.4 

22.6 

39.9 

27.7 

1876  

24.1 

36 

8 

25.3 

29.6 

38.0 

36.6 

1877  

23.5 

44 

4 

23.6 

31.2 

35.6 

33.1 

1878  

23.7 

37. 

8 

24.4 

30.5 

35.3 

32.0 

1879  

21.1 

39 

5 

21.3 

23.4 

38.8 

24.2 

1880  

22.7 

37 

4 

22.9 

26.8 

37.3 

28.7 

1881  

22.5 

38 

0 

23.0 

28.4 

36.2 

28.8 

1882  

22.0 

41 

1 

22.4 

27.7 

37.1 

28.0 

1883  

22.  0 

45 

2 

22. 1 

24. 1 

44.  o 

25. 1 

1884  

22.2 

31 

3 

22.5 

22.9 

40.2. 

23.7 

1885   

22.1 

42 

7 

22.1 

22. 1 

43.8 

23.7 

1886  

18.  0 

49. 

2 

ISA 

22. 1 

OV.  O 

22.8 

1887  

1Q  O 

lo.  o 

33. 

4 

18.4 

66.  1 

/II  7 
41.  1 

23.4 

1888  

OA  2 

32. 

8 

20  9 

66.  O 

ill  7 
4J .  1 

66.  O 

1889  

20.3 

33. 

5 

20.3 

23.2 

41.3 

23.4 

1890  

22.4 

38. 

3 

22.4 

23.7 

37.3 

24.7 

1891  (actMar. 

3, 1883) 

24.1 

24.1 

23.0 

24.8 

23.2 

1891  (act  Oct. 

1, 1890) 
1892  

21.8 

(a) 

21.8 
20.1 
19.0 

23.2 

(a) 

23.2 
22.6 
22.0 

1893  

Class  3,  carpet  and  similar 
wools. 

Value,  12 
cents  or 
less  per 
pound. 

Value, 

cents  per 
pound. 

Total 
carpet 
wools. 

Cents. 
10.3 

Cents. 
17.5 

Cents. 
14.7 

10.7 

19.2 

15.0 

10.7 

18.7 

13.2 

10.5 

16.5 

11.6 

10.5 

18.3 

12.6 

10.8 

24.5 

17.7 

11.9 

26.5 

20.9 

12.0 

22.5 

16.9 

12.4 

19.7 

14.5 

12.2 

21.0 

16.1 

11.5 

19.3 

14.0 

11.2 

19.4 

13.4 

11.3 

18.1 

11.7 

11.2 

21.8 

13.7 

11.7 

19.7 

14.1 

11.8 

19.2 

14.1 

12.1 

18.4 

13.9 

11.0 

16.9 

12.5 

10.1 

17.3 

10.9 

9.  7 

17.  2 

10.  5 

10. 0 

18. 1 

12.0 

10. 1 

17. 9 

12. 1 

10.2 

16.4 

11.5 

10.2 

16.4 

11.6 

10.1 

16.7 

12.0 

10.3 

14.5 

10.7 
9.7 

7.7 

a  During  the  years  1884  to  1890,  and  in  1891,  to  include  October  5,  1890,  inclusive,  the  classification, 
according  to  value  of  classes  1  and  2,  was  30  cents  or  less,  and  over  30  cents,  per  pound,  respectively; 
in  1891,  from  October  6,  1890,  there  is,  for  classes  1  and  2,  no  subdivision  of  classes  of  wool  according 
to  value,  but  for  class  3  the  classification  was  13  cents  or  less,  and  over  13  cents,  per  pound,  respectively. 

Notes. — Washed  and  scoured  wools  not  included  in  the  above  table. 

The  rates  of  duty  on  imports  of  raw  wool  during  the  above  period  were  as  follows : 

On  wools  of  classes  1  and  2,  if  valued  at  32  cents  or  less  per  pound  10  cents  por  pound  and  11  per 
cent  to  include  1883,  and  10  cents  per  pound  after  1883 ;  If  valued  over  32  cents  per  pound,  12  cents  per 
pound  and  ten  per  cent  to  include  1883,  and  12  cents  per  pound  after  1883. 

On  wools  of  class  3,  if  valued  at  12  cents  or  less  per  pound,  3  cents  per  pound  to  include  1883,  and 
2£  cents  per  pound  after  1883;  if  valued  over  12  cents  per  pound,  6  cents  per  pound  to  include  1883, 
and  5  cents  per  pound  after  1883. 

The  only  exception  from  the  above  rates  was  in  1867  on  combing  wools,  being  on  wools  valued  at  32 
cents  or  less  per  pound,  10  cents  per  pound  and  10  per  cent;  and  on  wools  valued  over  32  cents  per 
pound,  12  cents  and  22  per  cent. 

A  reduction  of  10  per  cent  was  provided  for  from  the  regular  rates  of  duty  in  all  classes  of  wool  from 
August  1,  1872,  to  March  3,  1675. 


52  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

WOOL  MANUFACTURES. 
Number  of  Establishments  and  Capital  Invested. 


[From  the  official  reports  of  theXJ.  S.  Census.] 


States. 

Establishments. 

Capital  invested. 

1860 

1870a 

1880 

1890 

1860 

1870a 

1880 

1890 

No. 

No. 

No. 

No. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

6 

14 

14 

9 

140,  000 

22,  375 

28,  900 

113,  098 

13 

25 

7 

32,  500 

85,  550 

42,  435 

California  

1 

5 

9 

15 

100,  000 

1,  785,  000 

1,  676,  500 

2,  995 ;  950 

84 

114 

102 

116 

2,  491,  000 

12,  991,  000 

14,  221,  637 

25,  492, 102 

4 

11 

5 

4 

"1  "1  n  AAA 

117,  000 

0  0,1  CAA 

384, 500 

352,  559 

506,  974 

1 

(&) 

500 

(b) 

11 

46 

32 

19 

O^O    ft  AA 

500 

936, 585 

"I  OA  noo 

180,  733 

444,  033 

21 

109 

67 

66 

207, 600 

2, 962, 443 

1,  433,  353 

3,383,831 

T  1- 

79 

175 

86 

65 

264,  341 

3,  8Z1,  913 

2,  318,  705 

3,  827, 195 

12 

85 

37 

24 

82,  500 

1,  440,  484 

555,  700 

901,  900 

Kansas  

9 

5 

96,  000 

131, 925 

(b) 

Kentucky  

37 

125 

98 

45 

408,  500 

700,  449 

890,  750 

2,  902,  383 

Louisiana  

1 

2 

4 

75,  000 

34,  000 

122,  900 

26 

108 

97 

91 

932, 400 

4, 187,  745 

4,  016,  828 

9,  741,422 

Maryland  

•27 

31 

16 

20 

318,  200 

205,  245 

344,  010 

582,  681 

Massachusetts  

136 

220 

271 

366 

11,  023,  953 

23,  472,  900 

38,  231,  375 

76,  611,  687 

Michigan  

16 

54 

50 

52 

"I  AO     AC  A 

103,  950 

1, 011,  050 

706. 189 

1,  899,  460 

10 

14 
8 

27 

246,  600 

198,  500 

885,  716 

Mississippi   

4 

11 

7 

75,  500 

195,  250 

331,  500 

1,  553,  455 

Missouri  

11 

156 

102 

46 

103,  750 

716,  524 

755,  550 

823,  013 

New  Hampshire  - . . 

52 

79 

85 

102 

2,  621,  300 

5,  316,  600 

8,  374,  855 

15, 123,  749 

New  Jersey  

35 

34 

45 

59 

583,  400 

1,  369,  200 

3,  795,  695 

8,  723,  922 

1 

65,  000 

"Wpur  V  nvlr 

140 

259 

264 

391 

3, 115,  700 

10, 199,  482 

23,  583,  574 

50, 125,  453 

North  Carolina  

7 

52 

49 

138 

223,  000 

237,  800 

203, 100 

437,  628 

Ohio  

115' 

225 

146 

136 

658,  750 

3,  066,  069 

1, 570,  340 

4,  614,  419 

r. 

1 

9 

10 

6 

70,  000 

389,  200 

566,*800 

1,  350, 585 

Pennsylvania  

270 

488 

654 

771 

4,  339,  310 

17,  588,  913 

35,  642, 016 

69,  666,  069 

57 

76 

62 

102 

3, 168,  500 

10,  467,  500 

13, 022, 116 

29, 147,  587 

OUIILIJ.  V^alUHIla  -  -  -  - 

•i 

15 

11 

(b) 

50,  000 

25,  900 

7,  900 

(b) 

Tennessee  

1 

148 

106 

55 

6,  000 

373,  868 

418,  664 

1, 421,  879 

Texas  

2 

20 

1 

6 

60,  000 

97, 250 

97,  500 

470, 170 

Utah  

15 
66 

11 

15 

223,  400 

382,  000 

643,  329 

46 

50 

42 

1,  746,  300 

2,  330,  900 

2,  812, 161 

4,  283,  890 

Virginia  

45 

'  68 

48 

43 

463,  600 

435,  375 

456,750 

1,011,447 

74 

56 

35 
66 

236, 100 

298, 170 

357,  881 

Wisconsin  

15 

65 

52 

100,  600 

1,  244,  289 

1,  359,  964 

4,  063,  739 

1 

40, 000 

(b) 

All  other  States 

b  17 

263,  029 

Total  

1,263 

2,  993 

2,  689 

2,867 

34,  092.  654 

108,  910,  369| 

159,  091,  869 

324,535,019 

a  The  statistics  for  1870  do  not  include  the  manufacture  of  hats. 

b  States  in  which  there  were  less  than  3  establishments  in  operation  during  the  census  year,  so  that 
the  individual  establishments  may  not  be  disclosed.  These  establishments  wore  distributed  as  fol- 
lows: Colorado,  2;  Florida,  1;  Idaho,  1;  Kansas,  7  (including  5  idle);  Nebraska,  2  (including  1  idle); 
South  Carolina,  1 ;  South  Dakota,  2;  Washington,  1. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  53 
Number  of  Hands  Employed  and  Wages  Paid. 


[From  the  official  reports  of  the  U.  S.  Census.] 


Hands  employed. 

"Wages 

j  paid 

States. 

1860 

1870a 

1880 

1890  " 

1860 

1870a 

1880 

1890 

No. 

No. 

No. 

No. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

All 

198 

41 

18 

428 

34. 116 

4,  881 

3,  037 

67  963 

31 

90 

31 

6, 870 

13, 226 

6  231 

60 

059 

835 

1  379 

33  600 

230  200 

334, 318 

331  718 

3,  767 

7,  667 

12, 163 

13,  227 

949,  020 

2, 981,  070 

4,  022,  310 

5,  026,  599 

T^aI  1  "V\r  O  T*  A 

114 

399 

261 

297 

27,  564 

115, 137 

108,  504 

103, 395 

1 

383 

563 

142 

528 

63,  348 

122, 138 

25, 070 

104  353 

162 

1,  763 

1,  780 

2  906 

44,  044 

535, 185 

400,  910 

895  143 

533 

2,  469 

2,  025 

3  109 

150,  276 

726, 113 

487,  381 

817,  387 

120 

1,088 

505 

387 

23, 652 

269,  432 

118, 252 

135, 790 

91 

683 

124 

30,  682 

25,  825 

437 

823 

2,  042 

103, 284 

159,  373 

166, 189 

615,  055 

60 

29 

286 

6  720 

8,  900 

52  517 

1,027 

3, 104 

3,  273 

5  476 

263,  216 

1,  065, 151 

1,  093,  234 

2,  000, 134 

381 

327 

404 

829 

86  712 

82,  019 

72,  591 

189, 994 

Massachusetts  

14, 277 

25,  825 

38,  599 

43, 473 

3,  324, 405 

8,  976,  764 

11,  809,  328 

16,  334,  782 

TVT  i  oTi  "i  rro  n 

126 

667 

1,  309 

1  428 

30  672 

202, 813 

168, 564 

390  147 

AT  1  7>  Tl  pani" Q 

146 

241 

470 

45, 592 

48, 927 

167  323 

TVTi  qqi  aai'mii 

235 

116 

218 

1  082 

92  620 

28,  800 

53, 100 

306  270 

70 

718 

807 

635 

19,  728 

137,  408 

129, 177 

156,  887 

IsTcw  -HciinpsliirG 

2,  588 

4,  911 

7,  375 

9  471 

670, 142 

1.  733, 164 

2,  243, 436 

3, 361  878 

835 

1,375 

5, 172 

7  375 

903  136 

432,  642 

1,  417,  515 

2,  460, 126 

New  Mexico  

20 

2,  000 

4,  220 

9,  063 

24,  364 

38  739 

qqo  qtf; 

2  893  926 

7, 258,  866 

13  10Q  5^9 

N*orth  Carolina 

253 

249 

185 

508 

fiO  036 

39, 101 

23, 195 

95  739 

Ohio  

728 

2,  329 

2, 423 

4, 561 

179, 160 

574, 164 

414,  472 

1,118,206 

Oregon 

30 

179 

216 

402 

16  200 

112  213 

86,  088 

175  313 

"Pftnn  Q\fl  XTSX  Til  Q 

6, 088 

16,  632 

42,  404 

^fi  0Q9 

1  4.10  394. 

f;  736  Qfi9 

12  385  598 

1Q  Q35  9Q8 

Rhode  Island  

4,  229 

7,  894 

12,  247 

19, 471 

1,  069, 176 

2,  862,  492 

3,  730,  247 

7,117,123 

kJULllll  \jctL\J±XlXcL    -  -  -  - 

92 

53 

13 

11  400 

3  815 

1  173 

Tennessee  

10 

428 

402 

998 

2,  472 

62*80 

67,  063 

239, 657 

43 

100 

36 

402 

7,  680 

20, 278 

25, 700 

139,  395 

Utah  

106 

277 

344 

48, 040 

68,  508 

121, 176 

"Vermont 

2,  073 

1,895 

2,482. 

2,  316 

214  572 

649, 628 

649, 071 

900,  208 

494 

278 

365 

636 

106,  692 

58,  765 

71,  720 

171,  463 

West  Virginia  

316 

357 

307 

59,  828 

44,  861 

67,  380 

Wisconsin  

105 

785 

875 

3,518 

27,  036 

230, 106 

218,357 

822, 423 

Washington  

29 

4,  000 

All  other  States  . . . 

145 

44,  893 

Total  

43,  738 

92, 973 

162,  839 

223, 298 

10, 153, 938 

31,246,432 

47, 789,  413 

77,  581,  525 

a  The  statistics  for  1870  do  not  include  the  manufacture  of  hats. 


54  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

COST  OF  MATERIALS  USED. 


[From  the  official  Reports  of  tlie  United  States  Census.] 


States. 

1860 

1870(a) 

1880 

1890 

JDOlidTS . 

Tin  Tin  v  o 

AJOllCLTS. 

JDollOLYS. 

80,  798 

57,  338 

49,  361 

114, 890 

A  1 

55  982 

85  972 

27  980 

50, 000 

608, 141 

997,  539 

828,  771 

n         +•  + 

4  043  124 

11  351  425 

14  749  0Q1 

12  Q73  971 

75,  807 

392,  614 

448,  285 

295,  605 

150 

260,  475 

268, 176 

165,  065 

166,  696 

110,  462 

1,  701,  323 

1,  623,  693 

1,  869,  858 

111  (\  \  Q  Tt  £1 

352,  362 

2, 684,  315 

1  926  670 

2  287  680 

67,  293 

998,  073 

437,  301 

507,  478 

86, 105 

107,  251 

510,  902 

831, 628 

852, 405 

1,  656,  7f0 

31,  300 

19,  047 

58,  004 

TVTnin  p 

1  003,  366 

4  013,  759 

4.  444  qqn 

5  737  484 

Maryland  

267, 355 

233,  924 

382,  224 

520, 870 

13,  836, 475 

30,  539,  366 

41, 677,  919 

45,  937, 152 

Michigan  

69,  010 

659,  700 

583,  241 

886,  541 

108,  540 

160,  867 

399, 487 

119,  849 

79,  566 

211,  646 

508,039 

56,  745 

849, 313 

723,  286 

341, 461 

New  Hampshire 

9  73Q 

fi  34.2  740 

7  854 

f  j  QUI,  t/OO 

8  895  504 

548,  578 

1,  507,  256 

4, 117,  035 

6,  330,  201 

12,  775 

New  York 

3  191  filJ. 

IQ  ^0  7Q^ 

Qfi  786  418 

OU,  1  OU,  * J.O 

North  Carolina  

151,005 

166,  497 

255,  707 

265, 183 

Ohio  

476,  833 

2, 119,  869 

1,  395,  512 

3,  434,  506 

Oregon 

27  000 

227  486 

327  252 

4,  427, 138 

22,  390,  853 

43,  664,  468 

55,  011,  590 

Rhode  Island 

j  07A  091 

y,  o^o,  loo 

13,  094,  650 

99  79fi  948 

South  Carolina 

fin  nnn 

22  238 

19  455 

ou,  uuu 
5,  225 

503,  737 

423,  054 

759,  766 

Texas  

25,  980 

86,  817 

44,  435 

211, 607 

Utah  

98,  272 

147,  226 

188,  889 

1,  662,  650 

1,  955,  972 

2,  372,  428 

2, 116,  882 

389,  204 

317,  800 

383,  080 

466,  340 

West  Virginia  

307,  051 

247,543 

210, 461 

85,  743 

687,  368 

901, 918 

2,  024, 108 

Washington  

52,  000 

All  other  States  

98,  092 

Total  

30,029,062 

110, 740,  799 

164,  371,  551 

208,  971,  024 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OP  WOOL.  55 


VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS. 


States. 

1860 

1870(a) 

1880 

1890 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

191, 474 

89,  998 

63, 745 

207, 875 

78,  690 

127,  430 

38,  360 

150,  000 

1,102,  754 

1,  634,  858 

1,  428,  203 

6,  840,  220 

17,  962,  048 

24,  855,  729 

21, 492,  025 

153,  035 

576,  067 

665,  253 

482,  022 

500 

464,  420 

471,  523 

239,  390 

340,  095 

187, 613 

2,  849, 249 

2,  380,  584 

3, 471,  651 

Indiana  

649,  771 

4,  329,  711 

2, 887, 547 

3,  863,  786 

127,  640 

1,  647,  606 

682,  812 

700,  981 

153, 150 

211, 525 

845,  226 

1,312, 458 

1,264,  988 

2,  784,  768 

45,  200 

30,  795 

152, 455 

1,  717,  007 

6, 483,  881 

6, 962, 003 

8,  857,  856 

605,  992 

427, 596 

539,  028 

781, 723 

21,  657, 165 

47,  783, 083 

67,  451,  805 

74, 295,  867 

139,  246 

1,  204,  868 

858,  766 

1,689, 974 

219, 862 

263,  378 

730,  226 

158, 507 

147,  323 

299,  605 

924, 185 

Missouri  

143,  025 

1,  256,  213 

1,015, 961 

629,  902 

4,  301,  653 

10,  213,  526 

13, 220, 850 

14,  589,  420 

1,  085, 104 

2, 422,  805 

6,  829,  074 

10,<874, 280 

21,  000 

2sTew  York  

5,  870, 117 

14,  633, 186 

34, 978,  287 

53,  909,  624 

North  Carolina  

291,  000 

298, 638 

303, 160 

435,  821 

Ohio  

825,  000 

3, 467,  699 

2, 198,  264 

5,  346,  962 

Oregon   

85, 000 

505,  857 

549,  030 

614,  932 

Pennsylvania  

8, 191,  675 

35,  463,  624 

67,  821,  397 

90,  992,  210 

Rhode  Island  

6,915,  205 

15,  394,  067 

21,624,  204 

36,  073,  285 

South  Carolina  

80,  000 

34,  459 

24,  075 

Tennessee  

8, 100 

696,  844 

620, 724 

1,  216, 419 

38,  796 

152,  968 

80,  500 

394, 080 

199,  600 

279,  424 

392, 094 

Vermont  

2,938,626 

3,  644,  459 

3,  813,  077 

3,  872, 784 

717,  827 

488,  352 

577, 968 

795,  309 

West  Virginia  

475, 763 

359,  586 

350, 132 

Wisconsin  

172, 720 

1, 256,  467 

1,  498,  886 

3,  507, 455 

Washington  

70,  000 

All  other  States  

206,  063 

Total  

65,  596,  364 

177, 495,  689 

267, 252, 913 

345, 942,  824 

a  The  statistics  for  1870  do  not  include  the  manufacture  of  hats. 


56  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Summary  Classification  of  Woolen  Manufacturing  Industries,  (a) 


Industries. 

No.  of  es- 
tablish- 
ments. 

Capital. 

Miscella- 
neous ex- 
penses. 

Total. 

Value  of  land, 
buildings,  and 
machinery,  (a) 

Live  assets*. 

MILLS. 

r  1890 

^'oolc7*  h880 

1.312 
1,990 
143 
76 
34 
26 
32 
43 
175 
195 
807 
359 

Dollars. 
137, 930, 014 

96,  095',  564 

72, 194,  642 

20,  374, 043 
4,  589,  021 
1, 958,  254 
4,  369, 184 
3,  615,  830 

39,  769, 441 

21,  468,  587 
55,  457, 642 
15. 579,  591 

Dollars. 
64,  754,  417 

Dollars. 
73, 175,  597 

Dollars. 
8,  511,  292 

r!890 

32,  000,  336 

40, 194,  306 

4,  980, 187 

rl890 

1, 994, 384 

2,  594,  637 

233,  621 

r  1890 

1, 421,  349 

2,  947,  835 

251, 818 

rl890 
rl890 

Hosiery  and  knit  goods  ^  -^ggQ 

I  1880 

18,  915,  634 

20.  853,  807 

1,  839,  568 

28,  364,  750 

27,  092,  892 

3,  730,  714 

62,  503 
2,  689 

314, 309,  944 
159,  091,869 

147,  450,  870 

166,  859,  074 

19,  547,  200 

Industries. 


Woolen . 


Worsted. 


Felt  . 


Wool  hats  . 


Carpets,  other  than  rag  5 
Hosiery  and  knit  goods  j 


Labor  and  wages. 

Average  number  of  hands 
employed. 

Total 
amount 

Total  cost  of 
all  materials. 

Total  value 
of  all  prod- 
ucts. 

Total. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Chil- 
dren. 

paid  in 
wages. 

1890 

Number 
79,  388 

Number 
44, 526 

Number 
30,  236 

Number 
4,  626 

Dollars. 
28,  478,  326 

Dollars. 
82, 184,  666 

Dollars. 
133,  612,  827 

1880 

86,  504 

46, 978 

29,  372 

10, 154 

25,  836,  392 

100,  845,  611 

160,  606,  721 

1890 

43, 593 

19, 705 

20, 063 

3,  825 

15,  880, 183 

50.  644,  342 

79, 194,  652 

1880 

18, 803 

6,  435 

9,  435 

2,895 

5,  683,  027 

22,  013,  628 

33,  549,  942 

1890 

2,  266 

1,  594 

510 

162 

1,  041, 296 

•  2,809,187 

4.  654,  768 

1880 

1,524 

1.  203 

233 

88 

439,  760 

2,  530,  710 

3,61.9,  652 

1890 

3,592 

2.  309 

1, 124 

159 

1,  363,  944 

2,  799,  791 

5,  329, 921 

1880 

5,470 

3,  222 

1,459 

789 

2.  005 

1,893, 215 

4,  785,  774 

8,  516,  569 

1890 

29, 189 

14, 101 

13,  083 

11,  639, 176 

28,  649, 031 

47,  801,  499 

1880 

20, 371 

10, 104 

8,  570 

1,697 

6,  835,  218 

18,  984,  877 

!    31,  792,  802 

1890 

63, 004 

17,  083 

41,  041 

4,  880 

18,  338,  341 

36,  008,  625 

67,  637, 442 

1880 

28, 885 

7,  517 

17,  ^07 

3,661 

6,  701,  475 

15,  210,  951 

!    29, 167,  227 

1890 

221,  032 

99.  318 

106,  057 

15,  657 

76,  741,266 

203,  095,  642 

338,  231, 109 

1880 

161, 557 

75,  459 

66, 814 

19, 284 

47,  389,  087 

164,  371,  551 

267,  252,  913 

a  Includes  property  hired  to  the  value  of  $17,326,780. 

b  Excluding  267  idle  establishments  reported  in  wool  manufacture. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Detailed  Statement  of  Materials  Consumed,  1880-1890.  a 


57 


Industries. 


Woolen .  - 
Worsted. 


Felt  . 


c  1890 
"  I  1880 
r  1890 
"  1 1880 
r  1890 
"  I  1880 
c  1890 
"  X  1880 
Carpets,  other  r1890 
than  rag.  I  1880 

Hosiery  and  knit  c  1890 
goods.  1 1880 


Wool  hats  . 


Total . 


r  1890 
'  (  1880 


No.  of 
estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


1,312 
1,  990 
143 ' 
76 
34 
26 
32 
43 
175 
195 
807 
359 


2,  503 
2,  689' 


Foreign 
wool  in 
condition 
purchased. 


Domestic 
wool  in 
condition 
purchased. 


Pounds. 
16,  822, 138 

20, 482,  607 

37,  869,  023 

15,  687,815 

1,  689, 588 
709,  067 
259,  325 

1,864,139 
54, 742,  234 
34,  008,  252 

2,  734,  304 
448, 758 


Pounds, 
168,  525,  806 

177,  042,  288 

59,  832,  451 

25, 461,  511 

5,  039,  495 

4,  204,  806 

4,  278,  628 

6, 107, 471 

2, 145,  632 

2,  029,  318 

18,  935,  089. 

8,  146, 137j 


114, 116,  612  258,  757, 101 
73,200,698  222,991,531 


Total  quan- 
tity of  for- 
eign and 
domestic 
wool  in 
scoured 
pounds  as 
prepared 
for  cards. 


Pounds. 
100,  246,  094 

109,  724,  213 

54, 989, 746 

26,  334,  635 

4,  213,  230 
2, 733,  796 
3,  018, 114 
3,  597,  279 

35,  733, 137 
23,  563,  216 
16,  801,  492 

5,  927,  692 


215,001,813 
171,  880,  831 


Total  cost 
of  foreign 
and  domes- 
tic wool. 


Dollars. 
48,  867,  811 

67,  380,  250 

28,  280,  287 

15,  235, 878^ 

1,  841,  382| 

1,  624,  871 
1,448,799 

2,  644,  293 
9,  858,  307 
6,  975. 129 
8,  269,  418 

3,  821, 183 


98,  566,  004 
97,  681,  604 


Shoddy. 


Pounds. 
51,862,397 

46,  583,  983 

2,  608,  831 

190, 800 
1,  450, 384 
2, 406,  849 

306,  351 
1,  368,  562 

653, 154 
90,  469 
4,  745, 144 
1,  523,  263 


61,  626, 261 
52, 163,  926 


Dollars. 
5,  398,  617 

7,  014, 100 

347, 006 

31,300 
179, 505 
383,  267 

85, 963 
370, 963 

43,  420 

12, 442 
880, 948 
233, 823 


6,  935,  459 
8,  045,  895 


Industries. 

Camel's  hair  and  noils. 

Mohair  and  noils. 

All  other  animal  hair. 

MILLS. 

Woolen  

j  1890 

Pounds. 
1,  781,  240 

Dollars. 
289.  970 

Pounds. 
60, 533 

Dollars. 
15,  991 

• 

Pounds. 
9,  619,  277 

Dollars. 
493,  492 

(  1880 

1,234,  064 

332, 419 

84,  080 

50,  837 

4,  497,  524 

238,  046 

Worsted  

c  1890 

4,  411,  543 

672, 392 

2,  038,  732 

824,  869 

1,  083,  690 

120,  585 

1 1880 

207,  065 

40, 341 

31,  598 

19  458 

519 

237 

Felt  

5"  1890 

68, 250 

3,071 

2,  355,  928 

48,  301 

I  1880 

70,  000 
11,  688 

7,  500 
5,  610 

1,  728,  000 
147,  600 

45, 850 

Wool  hats  *  - 

C  1890 

4,508 

2, 130 

113, 878 

<  1880 

3,  911 
1,001,929 

1,  875 
140, 175 

7,  436 
3,  645,  096 

3,  615 
373, 823 

Carpets,  other 

C1890 

32,  302 



5,  456 

than  rag. 

*  1880 

46,  300 

8,  808 

4,000 

700 

96,  540 

7,  604 

Hosiery  and  knit 

r  1890 

415, 154 

140, 149 

169 

87 

14, 173 

3,918 

goods. 

1 1880 

21,  779 

10,  846 

40,  000 

16,  000 

5,  150 

518 

Total  . 

rl890 

7,  689,  804 

1,251,367 

2, 136,  244 

848,  533 

16,  865,  764 

1, 153,  997 

(  1880 

1,  583, 119 

401,  789 

159,  678 

86,  995 

6,  335, 169 

295,  870 

Industries. 

Cotton  purchased. 

Chemicals 
and  dye 
stuffs. 

Fuel. 

Cost  of  all 
other  mate- 
rials, includ- 
ing yarns 
purchased. 

Total  cost 

of  all 
materials. 

MILLS. 

c  1890 

Pounds. 
37, 158,  712 

Dollars. 
4,  213,  527 

Dollars. 
4,  602,  765 

Dollars. 
1,  711, 169 

Dollars. 
16,  591,  324 

Dollars. 
82, 184,  666 

( 1880 

24,  744,  964 

3,  395,  569 

4,  758, 498 

1,  832, 703 

15,  843, 189 

100,  845,  611 

rl890 

3,  881,  743 

438, 637 

2,  037,  729 

1,048,245 

16,  874,  592 

50,  644,  342 

1 1880 

1, 757,  842 

-  211,293 

565,  660 

314, 918 

5,  594,  543 

22,  013,  628 

Felt  

r  1890 

395,  032 

37, 133 

169,  522 

92,  551 

437, 722 

2,  809, 187 

*1880 

1, 181,  500 

114,  660 

150,  921 

77, 437 

126,  204 

2, 530,  710 

Wool  hats  

r  1890 

159,  700 

84,  904 

898,  807 

2,  799,  791 

i  1880 

185,  400 

21,  870 

173, 040 

110,  985 

1,  459, 133 

4,  785,  774 

C  a  r  p  e  ts,  othei 

rl890 

1, 755, 761 

187,  637 

1,  265,  267 

447, 517 

16,  327, 429 

28,  649,  031 

than  rag. 
Hosiery  and  knit 

I  1880 

1,  369,  439 
915, 234 

263, 480 
510, 106 

10,  347,  275 
21,574,700 

18,  984,  877 

c  1890 

32,  447,  617 

3,  714,  065 

36, 008,  625 

goods. 

1 1880 

20, 131, 151 

2, 489,  783 

631,  060 

209,  669 

7,  798,  069 

15,  210, 951 

Total  

rl890 

75,  638,  865 

8,  590,  999 

9, 150,  217 

3,  894,492 

72,  704,  574 

2!)3,  095,  642 

1 1880 

48, 000,  857 

6,  233, 175 

7,  648,  618 

2,  809, 192 

41, 168, 413 

164,  371,  551 

a  From  North's  Wool  Book. 


58 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


The  Manufacture  of  Shoddy,  1890. 


States. 


Number 
mills. 


Total  capital. 


Total  hands 
employed. 


Total 
amount 
paid  in 
wages. 


Miscella- 
neous ex- 
penses. 


Number 
cards. 


Connecticut  | 

Illinois  | 

Maine  a  

Maryland  

Massachusetts  $ 


New  Hampshire  ^ 

New  Jersey  | 

New  York  f 

Ohio  £ 

Pennsylvania  £ 

Rhode  Island  £ 

Vermont  a  

All  other  States  a  

United  States ...  J 


1890 
1880 
1890 
1880 
1880 
1880 
1890 
1880 
1890 
1880 
1890 
1880 
1890 
1880 
1890 
1880 
1890 
1880 
1890 
1880 
1880 
1890 
1890 
1880 


Dollar  8. 
401,  986 

86, 000 

118,  037 

22,  000 

6,  000 

5,  000 

939,  050 

460,  500 

33,  463 

17,  300 

353, 225 

35,  000 

489,  020 

32,  700 

756,  530 

250,  000 

663,813 

186,  000 

256,  750 

49,  600 

15, 000 

79,  333 


Number. 
180 

139 

114 

31 

8 

15 

435 

471 

25 

23 

127 

30 

192 

78 

696 

246 

306 

143 

146 

83 

15 

45 


Dollars. 
85,  816 

35,  345 

36,  254 
12,  300 

1,905 
3, 100 

180,  748 

173,  439 
11,  683 
5,700 
43,  755 
25,  000 
77,  361 
33,  610 

182,  700 
40, 000 

134,  852 
47,  441 
68, 014 

18,  590 
3,  896 

19,  076 


Dollars. 
26,  399 


11,  744 


47 

12 


63,  475 
1,795 


20,  650 
12, 540 


28,  266 
42,  029 
23,  578 


167 
12 
19 
36 
43 
62 
58 


3,851 


4,091,207 
1, 165, 100 


2,  266 
1,282 


840,  259 
400,  326 


234, 327 


14 
470 


States. 


Connecticut . 
Illinois  


Maine  a  

Maryland  

Massachusetts  - 


New  Hampshire  ^ 

New  Jersey  ^ 

New  York  | 

Ohio  £ 

Pennsylvania  ^ 

Rhode  Island  ^ 

Vermont  a  

All  other  States  a  


United  States. 


1890 
1880 
1890 
1880 
1880 
1880 
1890 
1880 
1890 
1880 
1890 
1880 
1890 
1880 
1890 
1880 
1890 
1880 
1890 
1880 
1880 
1890 
1890 
1880 


Cost  of 
materials. 


Dollars. 
442, 552 

261,  200 

103,  588 

74,  500 

7,200 

14, 150 

1, 170,  080' 

1,  308,  715 

•     86, 816 

38,  900 

300, 613 

80,  734 

342, 112 

321,  220 

1, 100,  480 

575,  000 

1, 082, 114 

510,  977 

1, 163, 935 

137,  054 

37,  000 

83,  092 


5,  875,  382 
3,  366,  650 


Shoddy  and  mungo. 


Quantity. 


Pounds. 
2,  398,  000 


2,  528,  616 


10,  018,  424 


911, 763 
1,  252,  000 


2,  616,  000 
4, 800,  000 


8,  007,  875 
1,  711,  000 


1,  258,  376 


35,  502,  054 


Value. 


Dollars. 
390,  760 


167,  607 


1,418  817 


111,848 
315, 640 


383,  200 
1,  377,  500 


1, 191,  378 
274,  741 


104. 443 


5,  735,  934 


Value  of  all 
other  prod- 
ucts. 


Dollars. 
257,  300 


14, 503 


195,  642 


74,  000 
88,  278 


267, 107 
1,  076,  051 


2,  900 


1,  975,  781 


Total  value 
of  all  prod- 
ucts. 


Dollars. 
648, 060 

347, 500 

182, 110 

100, 000 

12,  000 

22,  500 

1,  614, 459 

2,  305,  985 
111, 848 

49, 600 
389,  640 
137, 500 
471, 478 
407,  590 

1,  377,  500 
700, 000 

1,  458, 485 
655,  895 

1,  350,  792 
195,  045 
56, 000 
107,  3^3 


7,  711,  715 
4,  989,  615 


a  Includes  States  in  which  there  were  less  than  three  establishments  in  order  that  the  operations  of 
individual  establishments  may  not  be  disclosed.  These  establishments  were  located  as  follows:  Cali- 
fornia, 1;  Maine, 2}  Vermont,!;  Wisconsin,!. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


59 


Price  per  pound  of  Fine,  Medium,  and  Coarse  Washed  Clothing  Fleece 
Wool,  etc.,  in  the  New  York  Market  for  the  months  of  January,  April, 
July,  and  October,  in  the  Given  Years.  (Currency  prices  from  1862  to 
1878.) 


[From  Manger  &  Avery's  Annual  Wool  Circular.] 


Year. 

January. 

April. 

July. 

October. 

Fine. 

Medi- 
um. 

Coarse. 

Fine. 

Medi- 
um. 

Coarse. 

Fine 

Medi- 
um. 

Coarse. 

Fine. 

Medi- 
um. 

\j\JcLl  oU. 

Cts. 

* 

Cts. 

Cts. 

Cts. 

Cts. 

Cts. 

Cts. 

Cts. 

Cts. 

Cts. 

Cts. 

Cts. 

1824  

68 

53 

40 

70 

46 

31 

55 

40 

30 

60 

40 

30 

60 

43 

32 

60 

42 

33 

50 

41 

32 

50 

42 

36 

1826  

55 

43 

38 

52 

46 

41 

37 

30 

26 

43 

37 

31 

1827  

36 

32 

28 

45 

34 

30 

37 

31 

25 

43 

32 

25 

1828  

42 

30 

25 

44 

36 

28 

48 

38 

33 

48 

40 

32 

1829  

54 

45 

35 

45 

35 

32 

46 

36 

32 

37 

30 

27 

1830  

40 

35 

30 

50 

38 

32 

60 

50 

40 

70 

60 

48 

1831....  

70 

60 

48 

70 

60 

50 

75 

65 

50 

70 

60 

30 

1832  

65 

55 

44 

60 

06 

42 

50 

42 

30 

50 

40 

31 

1833  

55 

41 

33 

63 

53 

38 

61 

54 

40 

65 

55 

37 

1834  

70 

60 

48 

67 

56 

44 

60 

50 

40 

62 

50 

44 

1835  

63 

50 

A(\ 

4U 

65 

60 

45 

63 

56 

AO 
4Z 

65 

60 

33 

1836  

65 

60 

45 

68 

62 

47 

70 

60 

50 

70 

60 

33 

1837  

72 

63 

A  Q 
4o 

68 

00 

a  a 

40 

52 

52 

36 

49 

40 

25 

1838  

OU 

AO 

Qf* 

50 

AO 

oo 

46 

Qfi 

oO 

OU 

56 

48 

26 

1839  

DO 

A  Q 

4o 

QQ 
OO 

OO 

48 

38 

57 

48 

40 

60 

55 

33 

1840  

50 

45 

QQ 

49 

43 

36 

45 

39 

33 

46 

38 

33 

1841  

r;o 

O-j 

A  ^ 
40 

QP* 
oO 

53 

Ad 
40 

37 

50 

44 

34 

48 

42 

33 

1842  

4o 

AO 

DO 

A  (\ 

40 

An 
4U 

32 

43 

37 

QO 
OU 

38 

31 

25 

1843  

35 

30 

Zo 

33 

28 

25 

35 

30 

26 

36 

32 

26 

1844  

37 

Qfk 

oU 

Oft 

zo 

43 

36 

30 

45 

37 

32 

50 

40 

33 

1845  

47 

40 

31 

45 

38 

32 

40 

36 

30 

38 

35 

28 

1846  

40 

35 

30 

38 

33 

28 

38 

32 

27 

36 

30 

22 

1847  

45 

40 

30 

47 

40 

31 

46 

40 

31 

47 

40 

30 

1848  

45 

38 

30 

43 

37 

30 

38 

32 

28 

33 

30 

24 

1849  

33 

30 

23 

40 

36 

30 

40 

35 

28 

42 

36 

30 

1850  

47 

40 

33 

45 

37 

30 

45 

37 

30 

46 

40 

35 

1851  

46 

40 

33 

50 

44 

36 

47 

42 

37 

45 

40 

35 

1852  

43 

38 

34 

42 

36 

33 

45 

38 

33 

50 

42 

37 

1853  

58 

56 

50 

62 

56 

50 

60 

53 

48 

55 

50 

48 

1854  

53 

47 

42 

57 

52 

46 

45 

37 

30 

42 

36 

30 

1855  

40 

35 

32 

43 

35 

32 

50 

40 

33 

52 

41 

36 

1856  

50 

38 

35 

57 

45 

38 

55 

42 

36 

60 

55 

45 

1857  

58 

50 

42 

60 

56 

45 

56 

50 

40 

*  38 

30 

25 

1858  

40 

33 

27 

42 

35 

30 

43 

37 

30 

56 

41 

36 

1859  

60 

'52 

45 

60 

46 

37 

56 

40 

35 

60 

50 

42 

1860  

60 

50 

42 

52 

45 

40 

55 

50 

40 

50 

45 

40 

1861  

45 

40 

37 

45 

37 

32 

38 

30 

22 

47 

48 

50 

1862  

48 

50 

50 

46 

45 

43 

48 

47 

45 

60 

60 

63 

1863  

75 

68 

70 

80 

85 

80 

75 

70 

65 

85 

80 

76 

1864  

80 

78 

76 

78 

77 

72 

100 

100 

90 

103 

95 

100 

1865  

102 

100 

96 

80 

80 

75 

75 

73 

65 

75 

75 

65 

1866  

70 

65 

50 

65 

60 

48 

.  70 

67 

60 

63 

60 

56 

1867  

68 

53 

50 

60 

55 

50 

55 

49 

45 

48 

46 

40 

1868  

48 

43 

38 

50 

48 

45 

46 

45 

43 

48 

48 

45 

1869  

50 

50 

48 

50 

50 

48 

48 

48 

47 

48 

48 

46 

1870  

'■8 

46 

44 

48 

47 

46 

46 

45 

43 

48 

48 

44 

1871  

47 

46 

43 

50 

52 

47 

62 

60 

55 

63 

62 

58 

60  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Price  per  pound  of  Fine,  Medium,  and  Coarse  Washed  Clothing  Fleece 

Wool,  etc. — Continued. 


Year. 

January. 

April. 

July. 

October. 

.Fine. 

Modi- 
inn. 

Coarse. 

Fine. 

Medi- 

Coarse. 

Fine. 

Medi- 

Coarse. 

Fine. 

Medi- 

Coarse. 

Cts. 

Cts. 

Cts. 

Cts. 

co. 

Cts. 

Cts. 

Cts. 

Cts. 

Cts. 

Cts. 

Cts. 

1872  

70 

72 

G6 

80 

80 

76 

72 

70 

65 

66 

60 

57 

70 

08 

65 

56 

53 

48 

50 

48 

44 

54 

53 

47 

1874  

58 

54 

47 

56 

50 

47 

53 

53 

•46 

54 

54 

47 

1875  

50 

47 

54 

52 

46 

52 

49 

46 

48 

50 

42 

1870  

48 

52 

42 

46 

49 

40 

38 

35 

31 

45 

40 

33 

1877  

46 

43 

36 

45 

40 

33 

50 

44 

37 

48 

44 

36 

1878  

44 

45 

38 

40 

.  43 

35 

36 

36 

32 

35 

37 

32 

1879  

34 

35 

32 

34 

34 

31 

37 

38 

34 

41 

43 

38 

1880  

50 

55 

48 

55 

60 

52 

46 

48 

42 

46 

48 

42 

1881  

47 

49 

43 

40 

44 

37 

42 

44 

36 

43 

46 

36 

1882  

44 

46 

47 

42- 

45 

34 

42 

45 

34 

42 

45 

34 

1883  

40 

43 

33 

44 

44 

37 

39 

41 

33 

39 

40 

34 

1884  

40 

40 

34 

38 

38 

34 

35 

34 

30 

35 

34 

30 

1885  

34 

33 

29 

32 

32 

28 

32 

31 

28 

33 

35 

32 

188G  

35 

36 

32 

33 

34 

30 

33 

33 

29 

35 

38 

34 

1887  

33 

38 

34 

33 

37 

33 

34 

37 

34 

32 

36 

34 

1888  

31 

35 

33 

31 

34 

33 

29 

33 

31 

31 

34 

31 

1889  

.  34 

38 

33 

33 

37 

31 

35 

39 

32 

33 

37 

31 

1890  

33 

37 

29 

33 

36 

29 

33 

37 

•29 

33 

37 

31 

1891..  

33 

37 

31 

32 

37 

31 

31 

35 

29 

31 

35 

30 

1892  

30 

35 

31 

29 

34 

31 

28 

34 

30 

29 

33 

29 

1893  

29 

33 

29 

30 

32 

31 

24 

26 

25 

23 

24 

21 

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WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


85 


Exports  of  Domestic  Wool,  Manufactures  of  Wool,  and  Sheep. 

Note. — Prior  to  1864  manufactures  of  wool  were  not  stated  separately,  but  were  included  under  the 
head  of  "  wearing  apparel." 


Year  ending- 


September  30— 

1821  

1822  

1823  

1824  

1825  

1826  

1827  

1828  

1829  

1830  

1831  

1832  

1833  

1834  

1835  

1836  

1837  

1838  

1839  

1840  

1841  

1842  

June  30— 

1843  (9  months)  . 

1844  

1845  

1846  

1847  

1848  

1849  

1850  

1851  

1852  

1853  

1854  

1855...  

1856  

1857  

1S58  

.1859  

-I860  

£861  

£862  

11863  

1864.  

1865  

1866  

1867  

1868  

1869  , 

1870  


Unmanufactured  wool. 


Pounds. 


Dollars. 


668,  386 
378,  440 
781, 102 
159,  925 
35,  898 


55,  550 
216,  472 
114,  2C8 
88,  886 
145;115 
50,202 
884,  807 
1,  706,  536 
1,  055,  928 
847, 301 
1,153,  388 
355,  722 
155, 482 
466, 182 
973, 075 
307, 418 
558, 435 
444,  387 
152,  89.2 
a  Not 


203,  996 
89,  460 
57,  497 
81,015 
22,  778 


14, 308 

26,  567 
33,  895 

27,  802 
27,  455 
19,  007 

211, 861 
355,  563 
389, 512 
237,  846 
296, 225 
178,  434 
66,  358 
254,  721 
264,  398 
130, 857 
191, 119 
152,  443 
54,  928 
stated. 


Manufac- 
tures of 
wool. 


Dollars. 


Sheep. 


93,  454 
151,  789 
139,  462 

94,  698 
206, 879 
163, 438 
124, 159 


Number. 
11,117 
6,  368 
6,880 
7,421 

9,  681 
8,695 
8,745 

5,  545 

6,  846 

15,  460 

8,  262 
12,  260 
11,821 

16,  654 
19, 145 

6,  342 
3,460 
6,  698 
6,  084 
14, 558 
14,  639 
19,  557 

13, 609 
12, 980 
6, 464 

9,  254 

10,  533 
6,  231 
4, 195 

3,  945 

4,  357 
2,968 
3,669 
2,642 
4,235 

3,  520 

4.  373 
(a) 

(«) 
(a) 
(a) 
(a) 
(a) 
9,  301 
15, 182 
12,  478 
7,882 

17,  902 
(a) 

39,  570 


\ 


86  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Exports  of  Domestic  Wool,  Manufactures  of  Wool,  and  Sheep — Continued. 


Tear  ending — 

x 

Unmanufactured  wool. 

Manufac- 
tures of 
wool. 

Sheep. 

•Tutip  30 

Pounds. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Number. 

Dollars. 

1871 

25, 195 

8,762 

9QQ  ACiK 
Zoo,  4UD 

45, 465 

86,  888 

1872 

140,  515 

36, 434 

91  9  Ri\Q 

35,  218 

79,  592 

1873 

75, 129 

17,  624 

9nn  8Q7 

66,  717 

107,  698 

1874 

319, 600 

72, 169 

1 94  OQQ 

124,  248 

159,  735 

187b 

178,  034 

62,  754 

154  401 

124, 416 

183,  898 

1876 

104,  768 

13,  845 

QQA  38Q 

t>oo,  ooy 

110,  312 

171, 101 

1877 

79, 599 

26,  446 

9Q1  837 

179, 017 

234,  480 

1878 

347,  854 

93.  358 

448  984 

183, 995 

333,  499 

1879 

60,  784 

17,  644 

oitu,  i  oo 

215,  680 

1,  082,  938 

1880 

191,  551 

71, 987 

216  576 

209, 137 

892,  647 

1  GG1 

71, 455 

19,217 

331  083 
OOJ, uoo 

179,  919 

762,  932 

1  QQ9 

116, 179 

37,  327 

108  1 04. 

139,  676 

603,  778 

188'i 

64,  474 

22, 114 

3fifi  914. 

OUU,  6±t 

337,  251 

1, 154,  856 

1884 

10,  393 

3,  073 

704  108 

273,  874 

850, 146 

1  CQ^ 

88,  006 

16,  739 

77^  Qfi9 
i  <o,  yuz 

234,  509 

512, 568 

1  QQfi 

146, 423 

19,  625 

a^q  fi33 
uoo,  uoo 

177,  594 

329,  844 

1887  

257, 940 

78,  002 

539,  342 

121,  701 

254, 725 

1888  

22, 164 

5,  272 

471,  353 

143, 817 

280,  490 

1889  

141, 576 

23,  065 

343,  949 

128,  852 

366, 181 

1890  

231,  042 

33,  543 

437, 479 

67,  521 

243,077 

1891  

291,  922 

39,  423 

519,198 

60,  947 

261, 109 

1892  

202,  456 

30,  664 

367,  737 

46,  960 

161, 105 

1893  

91,  858 

14,  808 

326,  055 

37, 260 

126,  394 

Consumption  of  WOOL  in  the  United  States. 


Do 

mestic. 

1 

1840 

J 

] 

i 

1860 

: 

. 

H  o  reign 

1865 

1868 

1870 
1871 

1873 
1874 

1876 
1877 

1879 

1 

i 

6 — 

t= 

i 

r^ 

i 

i 

h 

i 

1 

i 

i 

1 

1883 
1884 

1887 
1889 
189  1 
1893 

i 

! 

s  

c 

1 

1 

i 

R^TES  OF  DUTY 


ON 


IMPORTED  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL, 

1789-1890. 


Note. — These  pages  contain  the  rates  of  duty  collected  upon  enumerated  wools  and  woolens.  They 
do  not  include  unenumerated  manufactures,  discriminating  duties,  or  general  and  omnium  tariff  pro- 
visions. 


87 


TARIFF  LAWS  AFFECTING  WOOL  AND  WOOLENS. 


Date  of  act. 


July  4  

Aug.  10  

May  2  

June  7  

May  13(a)  

Mar.  26  

July  1  

Apr.  27  

May  22  

May  19  | 

July  14  


Went  into  effect  — 


Aug.  2. 
Jan.  1, 1791. 
July  1. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Sept.  2. 
July  1, 1829. 
Mar.  4, 1833. 


Year. 


1833  . 
1842. 
184G. 
1857. 
1861. 
1862. 
1864. 
1867. 
1872. 
1875. 
1883. 
1890. 


Date  of  act.      Went  into  effect — 


Mar.  2  (b)  . 
Aug.  30  . . , 
July  30  . . . 
Mar.  3  . . . . 
Mar. 2  .... 

July  4  

June  30 . . 


Jan.  1, 1834. 
Aug.  30. 
Dec.  1. 
July  1. 
Apr.  2. 
Aug.  2. 
July  1. 


Mar.  2  ;  Mar.  2. 

June  6  |  Aug.  1. 

Mar.  3   Mar.  3. 

 do   July  1. 

Oct.l   Oct.  6. 


a  "Increases  rates  on  certain  articles  named  (wool  not  included),"  upon  goods,  wares,  and  mer- 
chandise now  paying  a  duty  of  10  per  cent  ad  valorem,  2^  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

b  Sec.  1.  That  from  and  after  December  31,  1833,  in  all  cases  where  duties  are  imposed  on  foreign 
imports  by  the  act  of  the  14th  day  of  July,  1832,  entitled  "An  act  to  alter  and  amend  the  several  acts 
imposing  duties  on  imports  "  or  by  any  other  act,  shall  exceed  20  per  cent  on  the  value  thereof,  one- 
tenth  part  of  such  excess  shall  be  deducted;  from  and  after  December  31,  1837,  another  tenth  part 
thereof  shall  be  deducted;  from  and  after  December  31,  1839,  another  tenth  part  thereof  shall  be  de- 
ducted; and  from  and  after  December  31, 1841,  one-half  of  the  residue  of  such  excess  shall  be  deducted; 
and  from  and  after  June  30,  1842,  the  other  half  thereof  shall  be  deducted. 


RAW  WOOLS. 


Description. 

Free. 

Wool  ,  

Valued  at  10  cents  or  less  per  pound  

Other,  until  June  1,  1825   

from  June  1,  1825,  to  June  1,  1826... 

after  June  1,  1826  

Unmanufactured  till  June  30,  1829   

June  30,  1829,  to  June  30,  1830   

June  30,  1830,  to  June  30,  1831   

Valued  at  not  exceeding  8  cents  per  pound 
at  exceeding  8  cents  per  pound  


Duty. 


15  per  cent. 
15  per  cent. 
20  per  cent. 
25  per  cent. 
30  per  cent. 

4  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent. 

4  cents  per  pound  and  45  per 
cent. 

4  cents  per  pound  and  50  per 
cent. 
Free. 

4  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent. 


89 


90 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Raw  Wools— Continued. 


"Description. 


Wool— Continued. 

Sec.  1.  That  from  and  after  December  31,  1833,  in  all 
caaes  where  duties  are  imposed  on  foreign  imports  by 
the  act  of  the  14th  day  of  July,  1832,  entitled  "An  act  to 
alter  and  amend  the  several  acts  imposing  duties  on 
imports,"  or  by  any  other  act,  shall  exceed  20  per  cent 
on  the  value  thereof,  one-tenth  part  of  such  excess 
shall  be  deducted;  from  and  after  December  31,  1837, 
another  tenth  part  thereof  shall  be  deducted ;  from 
and  after  December  31, 1839,  another  tenth  part  thereof 
shall  be  deducted;  and  from  and  after  December  31, 
1841,  one-half  of  the  residue  of  such  excess  shall  be  de- 
ducted; and  from  and  after  June  30,  1842,  the  other 
half  thereof  shall  be  deducted. 

Valued  at  7  cents  or  less  per  pound  

All  other  (a)  


All. 


Valued  at  20  cents  or  less  per  pound  

All  other  (a)  ,  

Valued  at  less  than  18  cents  per  pound  (a)  

Exceeding  18  cents  and  not  exceeding  24  cents  (a).  

Exceeding  24  cents  (a)  

Less  than  12  cents  (a)...  

Exceeding  12  cents  and  not  exceeding  24  cents  (a)  

Exceeding  24  cents  and  not  exceeding  32  cents  per 
pound  (a). 

exceeding  32  cents  per  pound  


Class  I— Clothing  (a) : 

valued  32  cents  or  less  per  pound. 

exceeding  32  cents  


washed  

scoured  

Class  II— Combing  ( a) : 

valued  32  cents  or  less  per  pound. 


exceeding  32  cents. 


scoured  

Class  III— Carpet  (a) : 

value  12  cents  or  less  per  pound. . 

over  12  cents  

scoured  

Class  I— Clothing  (a) : 

valued  32  cents  or  less  per  pound. 


exceeding  32  cents. 


washed . 
scoured. 


Duty. 


a  "Increases  rates  on  certain  articles  named  (wool  not  included)," 
chandise  now  paying  a  duty  of  10  per  cent  ad  valorem,  2£  per  cent  ad  v 


5  per  cent. 

3  cents  per  pound  and  30  per 

cent. 
30  per  cent. 
Free. 

24  per  cent. 

5  per  cent. 

3  cents  per  pound. 

9  cents  per  pound. 
3  cents  per  pound. 

6  cents  per  pound. 

10  cents  per  pound  and  10  per 
cent. 

12  cents  per  pound  and  10  per 
cent. 

10  cents  per  pound  and  11  per 
cent. 

12  cents  per  pound  and  10  per 

cent, 
double  duty, 
treble  duty. 

10  cents  per  pound  and  11  per 
cent. 

12  cents  per  pound  and  10  per 

cent, 
treble  duty. 

3  cents  per  pound. 
6  cents  per  pound, 
treble  duty. 

9  cents  per  pound  and  9.9  per 
cent. 

10.8  cents  per  pound  and  9  per 
cent. 


upon  goods,  wares,  and  mer- 
alorem. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Raw  Wools— Continued. 


91 


Act  of— 


Description. 


Class  II— Combing  (a) : 

valued  32  cents  or  less  per  pound  

exceeding  32  cents  

scoured  >.  

Class  III— Carpet  (a)  i 

valued  12  cents  or  less  

over  12  cents  

scoured  

Class  I— Clothing  (a) : 

valued  32  cents  or  less  per  pound  

exceeding  32  cents  

washed  

scoured  

Class  II— Combing  (a) : 

valuell  32  cents  or  less  per  pound  

exceeding  32  cents  

scoured   

Class  III— Carpet  (a) : 

valued  12  cents  or  less  per  pound  

over  12  cents  

scoured  

Class  I— Clothing  (a)  : 

valued  30  cents  or  less  per  pound  

over  30  cents  

washed  

scoured  

Class  II— Combing  (a) : 

valued  30  cents  or  less  per  pound  

over  30  cents  

scoured  

Class  III— Carpet  {a) : 

valued  12  cents  or  less  per  pound  

over  12  cents  

scoured  .  

Class  I : 

376.  Class  one,  that  is  to  say,  Merino,  mestiza,  metz, 
or  metis  wools,  or  other  wools  of  Merino  blood,  im- 
mediate or  remote,  Down  clothing  wools,  and  wools 
of  like  character  with  any  of  the  preceding,  including 
such  as  have  been  heretofore  usually  imported  into 
the  United  States  from  Buenos  Ay  res,  New  Zealand, 
Australia,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  Russia,  Great  Brit- 
ain, Canada,  and  elsewhere,  and  also  including  all 
wools  not  hereinafter  described  or  designated  in 

classes  two  and  three   

Washed  

Scoured  

a  See  note  on  page  90. 


Duty. 


9  cents  per  pound  and  9.9  per 
cent. 

10.8  cents  per  pound  and  9  per 
cent. 


2.7  cents  per  pound. 
5.4  cents  per  pound, 
treble  duty. 

10  cents  per  pound  and  11  per 
cent. 

12  cents  per  pound  and  10  per 

cent, 
double  duty, 
treble  duty* 

10  cents  per  pound  and  11  per 
cent. 

12  cents  per  pound  and  10  pc 

cent, 
treble  duty. 

3  cents  per  pound. 
6  cents  per  pound, 
treble  duty. 

10  cents  per  pound. 
12  cents  per  pound, 
double  duty, 
treble  duty. 

10  cents  per  pound. 
12  cents  per  pound, 
treble  duty. 

1\  cents  per  pound. 
5  cents  per  pound, 
treble  duty. 


11  cents  per  pound, 
double  dut3r. 
treble  duty. 


92 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Raw  Wools — Con  tinned. 


Act  of — 


Description. 


1890   Class  II: 

377.  Class  two,  that  is  to  say,  Leicester,  Cotswold,  Lin- 
colnshire, Down  combing  wools,  Canada  long  wools, 
or  other  like  combing  wools  of  English  blood,  and 
usually  known  by  the  terms  herein  used,  and  also 
hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  and  other  like  animals 

Scoured  

Class  III: 

378.  Class  three,  that  is  to  say,  Donskoi,  native  South 
American,  Cordova,  Valparaiso,  native  Smyrna, 
Kussian  camel's  hair,  and  including  all  such  wools  of 
like  character  as  have  been  heretofore  usually  im- 
ported into  the  United  States  from  Turkey,  Greece, 
Egypt,  Syria,  and  elsewhere,  excepting  improved 
wools  hereinafter  provided  for,  value  13  cents  or  less 
per  pound  »  

Over  13  cents  

382.  Unwashed  wools  shall  be  considered  such  as  shall 
have  been  shorn  from  the  sheep  without  any  cleans- 
ing; that  is,  in  their  natural  condition.  Washed 
wools  shall  be  considered  such  as  have  been  washed 
with  water  on  the  sheep's  back.  Wool  washed  in 
any  other  manner  than  on  the  sheep's  back  shall  be 
considered  as  scoured  wool. 

383.  The  duty  upon  wool  of  the  sheep  or  hair  of  the 
camel,  goat,  alpaca,  and  other  like  animals  which 
shall  be  imported  in  any  other  than  ordinary  condi- 
tion, or  which  shall  be  changed  in  its  character  or 
condition  for  the  purpose  of  evading  the  duty,  or 
which  shall  be  reduced  in  value  by  the  admixture 
of  dirt  or  any  other  foreign  substance,  or  which  has 
been  sorted  or  increased  in  value  by  the  rejection  of 
any  part  of  the  original  fleece,  shall  be  twice  the  duty 
to  which  it  would  be  otherwise  subject:  Provided, 
That  skirted  wools  as  now  imported  are  hereby  ex- 
cepted. Wools  on  which  a  duty  is  assessed  amount- 
ing to  three  times  or  more  than  that  which  would  be 
assessed  if  said  wool  was  imported  unwashed, 
such  duty  shall  not  be  doubled  on  account  of  its 
being  sorted.  If  any  bale  or  x>ackage  of  wool  or  hair 
specified  in  this  act  imported  as  of  any  specified  class, 
or  claimed  by  the  importer  to  be  dutiable  as  of  any 
specified  class  shall  contain  any  wool  or  hair  subject 
to  a  higher  rate  of  duty  than  the  class  so  specified, 
the  whole  bale  or  package  shall  be  subject  to  the 
highest  rate  of  duty  chargeable  on  wool  of  the  class 
subject  to  such  higher  rate  of  duty,  and  if  any  bale 
or  package  be  claimed  by  the  importer  to  be  shoddy, 
mungo,  flocks,  wool,  hair,  or  other  material  of  any 
class  specified  in  this  act,  and  such  bale  contain  any 
admixture  of  any  one  or  more  of  said  materials,  or  of 
any  other  material,  the  whole  bale  or  package  shall 
be  subject  to  duty  at  the  highest  rate  imposed  upon 
any  article  in  said  bale  or  package. 


Duty. 


12  cents  per  pound, 
treble  duty. 


32  per  cent. 
50  per  cent. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


93 


Raw  Wools — Continued. 

Act  of— 

Description. 

Duly. 

1861  

Sheep  skins,  raw  or  unmanufactured,  with  the  wool  on, 

15  per  cent. 
20  per  cent. 
30  per  cent. 
27  per  cent. 
30  per  cent. 

1S64  

 do  

18G7  

 do  

1872  

 do  

1875     . . . 

 do  

1883  

Wool  on  the  skin  shall  pay  the  same  rate  of  duty  as  that 

not  on  the  skin. 
 do  

1800  

MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Articles,  wool,  made  by  hand  

 do  

 do  

Aubusson.    See  Carpets. 
Axminster.   See  Carpets. 
Balmorals  : 

Balmoral  skirts  and  skirtings,  and  goods  of  similar  de- 
scription, or  used  for  like  purposes,  composed  wholly 
or  in  part  of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  alpaca, 
goat,  or  other  like  animals,  made  up  or  manufactured, 
except  knit  goods  


.do- 


Value  not  exceeding  40  cents  per  pound  

Above  40  and  not  above  60  cents  per  pound  

Above  60  and  not  exceeding  80  cents  per  pound. 

Over  80  cents  per  pound   

Value  not  exceeding  40  cents  per  pound  

Above  40  and  not  above  60  cents  per  pound  

Above  60  and  not  above  80  cents  per  pound  

Above  80  cents  per  pound  

Value  not  exceeding  40  cents  per  pound  

Above  40  and  not  exceeding  61)  cents  per  pound  . 
Above  60  and  not  exceeding  80  cents  per  pound. 

Above  80  cents  per  pound  

Value  not  exceeding  30  cents  per  pound  

Above  30  and  not  exceeding  40  cents  per  pound. 
Above  40  and  not  exceeding  60  cents  per  pound. 


40  per  cent. 
30  per  cent. 
30  per  cent. 


18  cents  per  pound  and  30  per 
cent. 

24  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

20  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

30  cents  per  pound  and  35 per 
cent. 

40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

50  cents  per  pound  and  35  pe  r 
cent. 

18  cents  per  pound  and  31*  5 

per  cent. 
27  cents  per  pound  and  31*5 

per  cent. 
36  cents  per  pound  and  315 

per  cent. 
45  cents  per  pound  and  31-5 

per  cent. 
20  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 

cent. 

30  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

50  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

10  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

12  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

18  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 


94 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Manufacturers  of  Wool — Continued. 


1864. 


1867. 


Description. 


Balmorals— Continued. 

Above  60  and  not  exceeding  80  cents  per  pound. 


Above  80  cents  per  pound. 


Barrel  buttons.   See  Webbings. 
Bedsides.   See  Carpets. 

Belts  or  felts,  endless,  for  paper  or  printing  machines — 

 do  

 do  


.do., 
.do., 
.do  . 
.do  . 


(See  Felts.)  Webbings. 

Bindings.   See  Webbings  and  Knit  goods. 

Blankets  *  

 do  

Valued  at  not  above  75  cents  each  

All  other  (a)  

Valued  at  not  above  75  cents  each,  not  beyond  72  by  52 
inches,  nor  less  than  45  by  60  inches  

All  other  

Goat's  hair  or  mohair  

All  

 do  

Valued  at  not  exceeding  28  cents  per  pound  


Duty. 


Exceeding  28  and  not  exceeding  40  cents  per  pound  . 

Exceeding  40  cents  per  pound  

Valued  not  exceeding  28  cents  per  pound  

Exceeding  28  and  not  exceeding  40  cents  per  pound  . 

Exceeding  40  cents  per  pound  

Value  not  exceeding  28  cents  per  pound  

Exceeding  28  and  not  exceeding  40  cents  per  pound. . 

Exceeding  40  cents  per  pound  

Valued  at  not  exceeding  40  cents  per  pound.  

Above  40  and  not  exceeding  60  cents  per  pound  

a  See  note  on  p.  90, 


24  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent. 


25  per  cent. 
30  per  cent. 

20  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

20  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

18  cents  per  pound  and  315 

per  cent. 
20  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 

cent. 

20  cents  per  pound  and  30  per 
cent. 


25  per  cent. 
35  per  cent. 

5  per  cent. 
25  per  cent. 

15  per  cent. 
25  per  cent. 
2C  per  cent. 
20  per  cent. 
15  per  cent. 

6  cents  per  pound  and  10  per 

cent. 

6  cents  per  pound  and  25  per 
cent. 

12  cents  per  pound  and  20  per 
cent. 

6  cents  per  pound  and  15  per 
cent. 

6  cents  per  pound  and  30  per 
cent. 

0 

12  cents  per  pound  and  25  per 
cent. 

12  cents  per  pound  and  20  per 
cent. 

24  cents  per  pound  and  25  per 
cent. 

24  cents  per  pound  and  30  per 
cent. 

20  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

30  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Manufactures  of  Wool — Continued. 


95 


Description. 

Blankets — Continued. 

Above  60  and  not  exceeding  80  cents  per  pound  

Above  80  cents  per  pound  

Valued  not  exceeding  40  cents  per  pound  

Above  40  and  not  exceeding  60  

Above  60  and  not  exceeding  80   

Above  80  cents  

Valued  not  exceeding  40  cents  per  pound  

Above  40  and  not  exceeding  60  

Above  60  and  not  exceeding  80  

Abo  ve  80  cents  

Valued  not  exceeding  30  cents  per  pound  

Above  30  and  not  exceeding  40  

Above  40  and  not  exceeding  CO  

Above  60  and  not  exceeding  80  

Above  80  cents  

Valued  not  exceeding  30  cents  per  pound  

Above  30  and  not  exceeding  40  

Above  40  and  not  exceeding  50  

Above  50   

393.  On  blankets,  hats  of  wool,  and  flannels  for  under- 
wear composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  the  hair  of 
the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other  animals,  valued  at 
not  more  than  thirty  cents  per  pound,  the  duty  per 
pound  shall  be  the  same  as  the  duty  imposed  by  this 
act  on  one  pound  and  one-half  of  unwashed  wool  of 
the  first  class,  and  in  addition  thereto  thirty  per 
centum  ad  valorem;  valued  at  more  than  thirty  and 
not  more  than  forty  cents  per  pound,  the  duty  per 
pound  shall  be  twice  the  duty  imposed  by  this  act  on 
a  poiind  of  unwashed  wool  of  the  first  class ;  valued 
at  more  than  forty  cents  and  not  more  than  fifty  cents 
per  pound,  the  duty  per  pound  shall  be  three  times 
the  duty  imposed  by  this  act  on  pound  of  unwashed 
wool  of  the  first  class ;  and  in  addition  thereto  upon 


Duty. 


40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

50  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

18  cents  per  pound  and  31.5 

per  cent. 
27  cents  per  pound  and  31.5 

per  cent. 
36  cents  per  pound  and  31.5 

per  cent. 
45  cents  per  pound  and  31.5 

per  cent. 
20  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 

cent. 

30  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

50  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

10  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

12  cent  s  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

18  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

24  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent. 

16.V  cents  per  pound  and  30 

per  cent. 
22  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 

cent. 

33  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

384  cents  per  pound  and  40 
per  cent. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Manufactures  of  Wool— Continued. 


Act  of— 


Description. 


Blankets— Continued. 
393— Continued, 
all  the  above -named  articles  thirty-five  per  centum 
ad  valorem.  On  blankets  and  hats  of  wool  composed 
wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  the  hair  of  the  camel,  goat, 
alpaca,  or  other  animal,  valued  at  more  than  fifty  cents 
per  pound,  the  duty  per  pound  shall  be  three  and  a 
half  times  the  duty  imposed  by  this  act  on  a  pound 
of  unwashed  wool  of  the  first  class,  and  in  addition 
thereto  forty  per  centum  ad  valorem.  Flannels  com- 
posed wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  the  hair  of  the  camel, 
goat,  alpaca,  or  other  animals,  valued  at  above  fifty 
cents  per  pound  shall  be  classified  and  pay  the  same 
duty  as  women's  and  children's  dress  goods,  coat  lin- 
ings, Italian  cloths,  and  goods  of  similar  character 
and  description  provided  by  this  act. 

Braces.   See  Webbings. 

Braids.   See  Webbings. 

Bunting  

 do    

 do  

 do  


Duty. 


.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 


Buttons.   See  Webbings. 
Caps.   See  Knit  goods. 
Carpets  and  carpeting  . . 
 do  


.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do 
do 


Carpets  of  wool,  flax,  or  cotton,  or  parts  of  either,  or  other 

material  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for. 
 do  


.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 


30  per  cent. 
35  per  cent. 
50  per  cent. 

20  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
18  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
20  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
10  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
12  cents  per  square  yard  and 

50  per  cent. 


7£  per  cent. 
10  per  cent. 
15  per  cent. 
17J  per  cent. 
35  per  cent. 

20  cents  per  square  yard. 
32  cents  per  square  yard. 
25  per  cent. 
.')0  per  cent. 
24  per  cent. 

20  cents  per  square  yard. 

30  per  cent. 
30  per  cent. 

35  per  cent. 
40  per  cent. 
40  per  cent. 

36  per  cent. 
40  per  cent. 
40  per  cent. 


a  See  note  on  p.  90. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Manufactures  of  Wool — Continued. 


97 


Description. 


Cabpets  of  wool,  flax,  or  cotton,  or  parts  of  either,  or  other 
material  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for. 

Kugs  

hearth   

 do  

 dO  :  

 do  

AUBUSSON  -  

 do  

 do  

Valued  at  $1.25  or  under  per  square  yard  

 do   

 do  

Valued  at  over  $1.25  per  square  yard  

 do   


.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 

.do 


AXMINSTER : 

Valued  at  $1.25  or  under  per  square  yard  . 

 do  

 do  

Valued  at  over  $1.25  per  square  yard  

 do  


.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 

.do 


Baizes  

 do   

 do  

 do  

Bookings  

 do  

 do  

 do  

Printed,  colored,  or  otherwise  , 

 do  

 do  


.do. 


H.  Mis.  94- 


Duty. 


50  per  cent. 

40  per  cent. 
30  per  cent. 
24  per  cent. 
30  per  cent. 
35  per  cent. 

65  cents  per  square  yard. 
30  per  cent. 

24  per  cent. 

40  cents  per  square  yard. 
45  cents  per  square  yard. 
70  cents  per  square  yard. 
50  cents  per  square  yard. 
55  cents  per  square  yard. 
80  cents  per  square  yard. 
50  per  cent. 
45  per  cent. 
50  per  cent. 

45  cents  per  square  yard  and 

30  per  cent. 
60  cents  per  square  yard  and 

40  per  cent. 

40  cents  per  square  yard. 
45  cents  per  square  yard. 
70  cents  per  square  yard. 
50  cents  per  square  yard. 
55  cents  per  square  yard. 
80  cents  per  square  yard. 
50  per  cent. 
45  per  cent. 
50  per  cent. 

45  cents  per  square  yard  and 

30  per  cent. 
60  cents  per  square  yard  and 

40  per  cent. 
16  cents  per  square  yard. 
14  cents  per  square  yard. 

25  per  cent. 
19  per  cent. 

16  cents  per  square  yard. 
14  cents  per  square  yard. 
25  per  cent. 

19  per  cent. 

20  cents  per  square  yard. 
25  cents  per  square  yard. 

25  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
22-5  cents  per  square  yard  and 

31*5  per  cent. 


98 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Manufactures  of  Wool — Continued. 


Act  of— 


1875. 

1883. 

1824. 
1828. 
1832. 
1842. 
1846. 
1857. 

3861. 
1862. 
1864. 
1861. 
1862. 
1861. 
1862. 
1864. 
1867. 

1872. 

1875. 

1867. 

1872. 

1875. 

1883. 

1890. 

1861. 
1862. 
1864. 
1867. 

1872. 

1875. 

1883. 

1890. 


1867., 


Description. 


Carpets  of  wool,  flax,  orcottoo,  or  parts  of  either,  or  other 
material  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for — 
Continued. 
Bookings—  Continued. 

Printed,  colored,  or  otherwise  


.do  . 


Brussels  

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  , 

"Wrought  by  J acquard  machine — 

Valued  at  $1.25  or  under  per  square  yard  . 

 do  

 do  

Valued  at  over  $1.25  per  square  yard  

 do  

Printed  on  the  warp  or  otherwise  

 do  

 do  

 do  


.do. 
.do. 


Other  . 


.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 


Tapestry,  printed  on  the  warp  or  otherwise. 

 do  

 do  

 do  


.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 


Chenille  . 


Duty. 


25  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
15  cents  per  square  yard  and 

30  per  cent. 
50  cents  per  square  yard. 
70  cents  per  square  yard. 
63  cents  per  square  yard. 
55  cents  per  square  yard. 
30  per  cent. 
24  percent. 

40  cents  per  square  yard. 
45  cents  per  square  yard. 
70  cents  per  square  yard. 
50  cents  per  square  yard. 
55  cents  per  square  yard. 
30  cents  per  square  yard. 
33  cents  per  square  yard. 
50  cents  per  square  yard. 
20  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
25*2  cents  per  square  yard  and 

31*5  per  cent. 
28  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
44  cents  per  square  yard  and 

44  per  cent. 
39-6  cents  per  square  yard  and 

31-5  per  cent. 
44  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
30  cents  per  square  yard  and 

30  per  cent. 

44  cents  per  square  yard  and 
40  per  cent. 

30  cents  per  square  yard. 
33  cents  per  square  yard. 
50  cents  per  square  yard. 
28  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
25-2  cents  per  square  yard 

and  31*5  per  cent. 
28  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
20  cents  per  square  yard  and 

30  per  cent. 
28  cents  per  square  yard  anA 

40  per  cent, 
50  per  cent, 

45  per  cenk 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Manufactures  of  Wool — Continued. 


99 


Act  of- 


Description. 


Duty. 


1875.. 
1883.. 

1890.. 

1861. 
1864. 
1867. 

1872. 

1875. 

1883. 

1890. 

1890. 

1824. 
1828. 
1832. 
1842. 
1846. 
1857. 
1864. 
1867. 


Caepets  of  wool,  flax,  or  cotton,  or  parts  of  either,  or  other 
materials  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for— 
Continued. 

Chenille  • 

 do  


.do  . 


Druggets,  printed,  colored,  or  otherwise . 

 do  

 do  


.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 


Felt,  figured  or  plain. 


Ingrain   

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

Ingrain,  two-ply. 
 do  


1872. 

1875. 

1883. 

1890. 

1832. 
1842. 
1861. 
1862. 
1864. 
1867. 

1872. 

1875. 

1883. 

1890. 


.do  . 

.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 


Ingrain,  treble. 

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  


.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 

4o. 


50  per  cent. 

45  cents  per  square  yard  and 

30  per  cent. 
60  cents  per  square  yard  and 

40  per  cent. 
20  cents  per  square  yard. 
25  cents  per  square  yard. 
25  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
22*5  cents  per  square  yard 

and  31*5  per  cent. 
25  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
15  cents  per  square  yard  and 

30  per  cent. 
22  cents  per  square  yard  and 

40  per  cent. 

11  cents  per  square  yard  and 
40  per  cent. 

25  cents  per  square  yard. 
40  cents  per  square  yard. 
35  cents  per  square  yard. 
30  cents  per  square  yard. 
30  per  cent. 

24  per  cent. 

35  cents  per  square  yard. 

12  cents  per  square  yard  and 
35  per  cent. 

10.8  cents  per  square  yard 

5 1/3  per  cent. 
12  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
8  cents  per  square  yard  and 

30  per  cent. 
14  cents  per  square  yard  and 

40  per  cent. 
63  cents  per  square  yard. 
65  cents  per  square  yard. 

25  cents  per  square  yard. 
28  cents  per  square  yard. 
40  cents  per  square  yard. 

17  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
15*3  cents  per  square  yard  and 

31-5  per  cent. 
17  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
12  cents  per  square  yard  and 

30  per  cent. 
19  cents  per  square  yard  and 

40  per  cent* 


100 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Manufactures  of  Wool — Continued. 


Description. 


Carpets  of  wool,  flax,  or  cotton,  or  parts  of  either,  or  other 
material  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for— 
Continued. 

Mats  and  floor  cloths  

 do  

Mats,  screens,  hassocks,  and  rugs  not  exclusively  of 

vegetable  material  

 do  

 do  

 do  :.. 

 do  

Mats,  bedsides,  art  squares,  and  other  portions  of  car- 
pets or  carpeting  made  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  and 
not  specially  provided  for  in  this  act,  shall  be  subjected 
to  the  rate  of  duty  herein  imposed  on  carpets  or  car- 
petings  of  like  character  or  description. 
Medallion,  or  Whole: 

Valued  at  $1.25  or  under  per  square  yard  

 do  

 do  

Valued  at  over  $1.25  per  square  yard  

 do  


.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 


 do  

Moquette  

Rugs,  Oriental,  Berlin,  and  similar. 


Saxony  

.......do  

 do  

Valued  at  $1.25  or  under,  per  square  yard  . 

 do  

 do  

Valued  at  over  $1.25  per  square  yard  

 do  

 do  

 do  


.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do. 


Duty. 


10  per  cent. 
15  per  cent. 

45  per  cent. 

Do. 
40*5  per  cent. 
45  per  cent. 
40  per  cent. 


40  cents  per  square  yard. 
45  cents  per  square  yard. 
70  cents  per  square  yard. 
50  cents  per  square  yard. 
55  cents  per  square  yard. 
80  cents  per  square  yard. 
50  per  cent. 
45  per  cent. 
50  per  cent. 

45  cents  per  square  yard  and 

30  per  cent. 
60  cents  per  square  yard  and 

40  per  cent. 
60  cents  per  square  yard  and 

40  per  cent. 
60  cents  per  square  yard  and 

40  per  cent. 
65  cents  per  square  yard. 
30  per  cent. 
24  per  cent. 

40  cents  per  square  yard. 
45  cents  per  square  yard. 
70  cents  per  square  yard. 
50  cents  per  square  yard. 
55  cents  per  square  yard. 
80  cents  per  square  yard. 
70  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
63  cents  per  square  yard  and 

31*5  per  oent. 
70  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
45  cents  per  square  yard  and 

30  per  cent. 
60  cents  per  square  yard  and 
40  per  cent. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES   OF  WOOL. 
Manufactures  of  Wool — Continued. 


101 


Description. 


Carpets  of  wool,  flax,  or  cotton,  or  parts  of  either,  or  other 
material  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for — 
Continued. 

Turkey  

 do  

 7.  do  :  

 do  

 do  

Velvet,  patent,  and  tapestry: 

Valued  at  $1.25  or  under,  per  square  yard  

 do  

 do  

Valued  at  over  $1.25  per  square  yard  

 do  

 do  

Printed  on  the  warp  or  otherwise  

 do  


.do  . 


-do  . 


.do  . 


.do  . 


Velvet,  tournay: 

Valued  at  $1.25  or  under  per  square  yard  . 

 do  

 do  

Valued  at  over  $1.25  per  square  yard  

 do  

 do  

 do  


-do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 


Venetian. 

 do.. 

 -do.. 

 do.. 

 do.. 

 do  .. 

 do  .. 

 do  .. 


Duty. 


.do. 


50  cents  per  square  yard. 
70  cents  per  square  yard. 
55  cents  per  square  yard. 
30  per  cent. 
24  per  cent. 


40  cents  per  square 
45  cents  per  square 
70  cents  per  square 
50  ceots  per  square 
55  cents  per  square 
80  cents  per  square 
50  cents  per  square 
40  cents  per  square 

35  per  cent. 
36  cents  per  square 

31*5  per  cent. 
40  cents  per  square 

35  per  cent. 
25  cents  per  square 

30  per  cent. 
40  cents  per  square 

40  per  cent. 


yard, 
yard, 
yard, 
yard, 
yard, 
yard, 
yard, 
yard  and 

yard  and 

yard  and 

yard  and 

yard  and 


40  cents  per  square  yard. 
45  cents  per  square  yard. 
70  cents  per  square  yard. 
50  cents  per  square  yard. 
55  cents  per  square  yard. 
80  cents  per  square  yard. 
70  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
63  cents  per  square  yard  and 

31-5  per  cent. 
70  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
45  cents  per  square  yard  and 

30  per  cent. 
60  cents  per  square  yard  and 

40  per  cent. 
25  cents  per  square  yard. 
40  cents  per  square  yard. 
35  cents  per  square  yard. 
30  cents  per  square  yard. 
30  per  cent. 
24  per  cent. 

35  cents  per  square  yard. 

12  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
10*8  cents  per  square  yard  and 

31*5  per  cent. 


102 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Manufacture  of  Wools — Continued. 


Act  of— 


Description. 


Duty. 


1875. 

1883. 

1861. 
1862. 
1864. 
1867. 

1872.. 

1875.. 

1883.. 

1890.. 

1824.. 
1828.. 
1832.. 
1842.. 
1846.. 
1857.. 
1861.. 
1862.. 
1864.. 
1861.. 
1862.. 
1864.. 
1867.. 

1872.. 

1875.. 

1883.. 

1890.. 

1890.. 

1864.. 
1867.. 


Carpets  of  wool,  flax,  or  cotton,  or  parts  of  either,  or  other 
material  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for— 
Continued. 

Venetian  


.do. 


Venetian,  three-ply  and  worsted  chain. 

 do  

 do  

 do  


.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 


Wilton  

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

Valued  at  $1.25  or  under  per  square  yard. 

 do  

 do  

Valued  at  over  $1.25  per  square  yard  

 do  

 do  

 do  


 do 

 do.., 

 do  .. 

 do  .. 

"Wool,  dutch. 

Tarn  


1872. 
1875. 
1883. 


.do. 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do. 


12  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
8  cents  per  square  yard  and 

30  per  cent. 
25  cents  per  square  yard. 
28  cents  per  square  yard. 
40  cents  per  square  yard. 
17  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
15-3  cents  per  square  yard  and 

31*5  per  cent. 

1 7  cents  per  square  yard  and 
35  per  cent. 

12  cents  per  square  yard  and 

30  per  cent. 
19  cents  per  square  yard  and 

40  per  cent. 
50  cents  per  square  yard. 
70  cents  per  square  yard. 
63  cents  per  square  yard. 
65  cents  per  square  yard. 
30  per  cent. 
24  per  cent. 

40  cents  per  square  yard. 
45  cents  per  square  yard. 
70  cents  per  square  yard. 
50  cents  per  square  yard. 
55  cents  per  square  yard. 
80  cents  per  square  yard. 
70  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
63  cents  per  square  yard  and 

31*5  per  cent. 
70  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
45  cents  per  square  yard  and 

30  per  cent. 

60  cents  per  square  yard  and 

40  per  cent. 
14  cents  per  square  yard  and 

40  per  cent. 
35  cents  per  square  yard. 
12  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 

18  8  cents  per  square  yard  and 

31  per  cent. 

12  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
8  cents  per  square  yard  and 

30  per  cent. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Manufactures  of  Wool — Continued. 


103 


Act  of— 


1883. 


1890. 


1832. 


1833. 
1861. 


1862. 


1864. 


1867. 


1872. 


1875. 


1842... 
1846... 
1857... 
1861... 
1862... 
1789... 
1790... 
1794... 
1804... 
1812... 
1816... 
1828... 
1832  a. 
1842... 
1846... 


1857. 
1861. 

1862. 

1864. 

1867. 


Description. 


Cloaks,  dolmans,  jackets,  talmas,  ulsters,  or  other  outside 
garments  for  ladies  and  children's  apparel,  and  goods 
of  similar  description,  or  used  for  like  purposes  


.do. 


Cloth,  milled  and  fulled  cloth,  known  by  the  name  of 
plain  kerseys,  or  Kendal  cottons,  of  which  wool  shall 
be  the  only  material,  the  value  whereof  shall"  not 
exceed  35  cents  per  square  yard   

 do  

Cloth,  "Woolen,  n.  o.  p  


.do. 


.do. 


.do. 


.do. 


.do. 


Clothing,  embroidered : 

Gold,  etc  

Or  tamboured  

 do  

 do  

 do  

Clothing,  ready-made  . . . 

 do  


.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 


Clothing,  ready-made,  and  wearing  apparel  of  every  de- 
scription, of  whatever  material  composed,  made  up 
or  manufactured  wholly  or  in  part  by  the  tailor, 
seamstress,  or  manufacturer  

 do  

 do  


.do  . 
.do  . 


Clothing,  ready-made,  and  wearing  apparel  of  every  de- 
scription, not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for, 
and  balmoral  skirts  and  skirting  and  goods  of  similar 
description,  or  used  for  like  purposes  


Duty. 


45  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent. 

49 £  cents  per  pound  and  60  per 
cent. 


5  per  cent. 
50  per  cent. 

12  cents  per  pound  and  25  per 
cent. 

18  cents  per  pound  and  30  per 
cent. 

24  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent. 

50  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

45  cents  per  pound  and  31.5 

per  cent. 
50  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 

cent. 

50  per  cent. 
30  per  cent. 
24  per  cent. 
30  per  cent. 
35  percent. 
7£  per  cent. 

Do. 
15  per  cent. 
17£  per  cent. 
35  per  cent. 
30  per  cent. 
50  per  cent. 

Do. 

Do. 


30  per  cent. 
24  per  cent. 

12  cents  per  pound  and  25  per 
cent. 

18  cents  per  pound  and  30  per 
cent. 

24  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent. 


50  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent. 


a  See  note  on  p.  90. 


104 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Manufactukes  of  Wool— Continued. 


Description. 


Clothing,  ready-made,  and  wearing  apparel  of  every  de- 
scription, not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for, 
and  balmoral  skirts  and  skirting  and  goods  of  similar 
description,  or  used  for  like  purposes  


-do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 


Cords.   See  Webbings. 
Covers.   See  Carpets.  ■ 

Dress  Goods,  women's  and  children's,  coat  linings,  Ital- 
ian cloths,  and  goods  of  like  description : 
Delaines,  cashmere  delaines,  muslin  delaines,  barege 
delaines,  and  goods  of  similar  description — 

Gray  or  un  colored  

Valued  not  exceeding  40  cents  per  square  yard 


Valued  not  over  30  cents  per  square  yard. 


Stained,  colored,  or  printed — 

Valued  not  exceeding  40  cents  per  square  yard 


Valued  exceeding  40  cents  per  square  yard . 
Valued  not  over  30  cents  per  square  yard  


Valued  over  30  cents  per  square  yard  . 


Composed  in  part  of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the 
alpaca,  goat,  or  other  animals — 
Valued  at  not  exceeding  20  cents  per  square  yard . 


.do  . 
.do  . 
-do  . 


Valued  at  above  20  cents  per  square  yard  

 „.-do  

 do  

 do  

Valued  at  not  exceeding  15  cents  per  square  yard 

Valued  at  above  15  cents  per  square  yard.  

All  weighing  over  8  ounces  per  square  yard  


Duty. 


45  cents  per  pound  and  36  per 
cent. 

50  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent. 

40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

49£  cents  per  pound  and  60  per 
cent. 


25  per  cent. 

2  cents  per  square  yard  and 

25  per  cent. 
4  cents  per  square  yard  and 

25  per  cent. 

2  cents  per  square  yard  and 

30  per  cent. 
35  per  cent. 

4  cento  per  squaie  yard  and 

30  per  cent. 
6  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 


6  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
5. 4  cents  per  square  yard  and 

31*5  per  cent. 

6  cents  per  square  yard  and 
35  per  cent. 

5  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35  per  cent. 
8  cents  per  square  yard  and 

40  per  cent. 
7.2  cents  per  square  yard  and 

35-5  per  cent. 
8  cents  per  square  yard  and 

40  per  cent. 

7  cents  per  square  yard  and 
40  per  cent. 

7  cents  per  square  yard  and 
40  per  cent. 

8  cents  per  square  yard  and 
50  per  cent. 

50  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Manufactures  of  Wool — Contiuued. 


105 


Act  of- 


Description. 


Dress  Goods,  women's  and  children's  coat  linings,  Italian 
cloths,  and  goods  of  like  description — Continued. 
Delaines,  cashmere  delaines,  muslin  delaines,  barege 
delaines,  and  goods  of  similar  description— Continued. 
All  weighing  over  8  ounces  per  square  yard  


.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 


Composed  wholly  of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the 
alpaca,  goat,  or  other  animals,  or  a  mixture  of 
them,  weighing  4  ounces  or  less  per  square  yard. 


.do  . 


"Weighing  over  4  ounces  per  square  yard. 
 do  


Flannels  

 do  

 do  

 do  

Valued  at  30  cents  or  less  per  square  yard. 

 do  

 do  


Valued  at  above  30  cents  per  square  yard. 

....do  

....do  


All  colored,  printed,  or  part  silk  

 do  

 do  

Valued  at  not  exceeding  40  cents  per  pound  . 


.do  . 
.do  . 


Valued  at  above  40  and  not  exceeding  60  cents  per 
pound. 

....do  


.do  . 
.do. 


Valued  at  above  60  and  not  exceeding  80  cents  per 
pound. 

.-.-do  


Duty. 


45  cents  per  pound  and  31*5 

per  cent. 
50  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 

cent. 

35  cents- per  pound  and  40  per 
cent. 

44  cents  per  pound  and  50  per 
cent. 


9  cents  per  square  yard  and 

40  per  cent. 
12  cents  per  square  yard  and 

50  per  cent. 
35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 

cent. 

44  cents  per  pound  and  50  per 
cent. 

16  cents  per  square  yard. 
14  cents  per  square  yard. 
25  per  cent. 

19  per  cent. 
25  per  cent. 
30  per  cent. 

24  cents  per  pound  and  30  per 

cent. 
30  per  cent. 
35  per  cent. 

24  cents  per  pound  and  25  per 

cent. 
30  per  cent. 

35  per  cent. 
50  per  cent. 

20  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

18  cents  per  pound  and  31-5 

per  cent. 
20  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 

cent. 

30  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

27  cents  per  pound  and  31*5 

per  cent. 
30  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 

cent. 

18  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

36  cents  per  pound  and  31-5 
per  cent. 


106 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Manufactures  of  Wool — Contioued. 


Description. 


Duty. 


Flannels— Continued . 

All  colored,  printed,  or  part  silk — Continued. 

Valued  at  above  60  and  not  exceeding  80  cents  per 
pound. 


.do  . 


Valued  at  above  80  cents  per  pound  . 

....do  

....do  


.do  . 


Valued  at  not  exceeding  30  cents  per  pound  . 
...do  ,  


Valued  at  above  30  and  not  exceeding  40  cents  per 
pound. 

 do  


Valued  at  above  40  and  not  exceeding  50  cents  per 
pound. 

Valued  at  above  50  cents  per  pound  "  shall  be  classi- 
fied and  pay  the  same  duty  as  women's  and 
children's  dress  goods,  coat  linings,  Italian  cloths, 
and  goods  of  similar  character  and  description 
provided  by  this  act." 

Flocks.   See  Rags. 

Fringes.   See  Laces  and  Webbings. 

Garneted  waste.   See  Rags. 

Galloons.   See  Webbings. 

Gimps.  See  Webbings. 

Gloves.  See  Knit  goods. 

Goats  hair  or  mohair,  camlets,  coatings,  and  all  other 

manufactures  of  

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

Gorings.  See  Webbings. 
Hassocks.   See  Carpets. 

Hats  :  Wool  or  mixture  of  

 do  


.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 


Valued  at  not  exceeding  40  cents  per  pound. 


40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

24  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

50  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

45  cents  per  pound  and  35*5 

per  cent. 
50  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 

cent. 

35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent. 

10  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

16£  cents  per  pound  and  30 

per  cent. 
12  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 

cent. 

22  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

33  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 


20  per  cent. 
25  per  cent. 
19  per  cent. 
30  per  cent. 
35  per  cent. 


7 1  per  cent. 
30  per  cent. 

Do. 
20  per  cent. 
15  per  cent. 
20  per  cent. 
30  per  cent. 

24  cents  per.  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

20  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 


a  See  note  on  page  90. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Manufactures  of  Wool— Continued. 


107 


Description. 


Duty. 


Hats:  Wool  or  mixture  of— Continued. 

Valued  at  uot  exceeding  40  cents  per  pound. 


.do  . 


Valued  at  not  exceeding  30  cents  per  pound  

 do  

Valued  at  above  30  and  not  exceeding  40  cents  per  pound 
 do  

Valuecl  at  above  40  and  not  exceeding  60  cents  per  pound . 

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

Valued  at  above  60  and  not  exceeding  80  cents  per  pound. 

 do  

 do  

 do  

Valued  at  above  50  cents  per  pound  

Valued  at  above  80  cents  per  pound  

 do  

 do  

 do  


Hats  ,wool  or  felt  or  mixture  of. 

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

Hats,  wool  or  felt  bodies  

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

Head  nets.   See  Webbings. 
Hosiery.   See  Knit  goods, 
Knit  goods,  gloves,  mittens  


18  cents  per  pound  and  31-5 

per  cent. 
20  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 

cent. 

10  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

16£  cents  per  pound  and  30  per 
cent. 

12  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

22  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

30  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

27  cents  per  pound  and  31*5  per 
cent, 

30  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

18  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

33  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

36  cents  per  pound  and  31*5 

per  cent. 
40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 

cent. 

24  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

38i  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent. 

50  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

45  cents  per  pound  and  31-5 

per  cent. 
50  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 

cent. 

35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 

cent. 
7£  per  cent, 
10  per  cent. 
15  per  cent. 
17£  per  cent. 
35  per  cent. 
18  cents  each. 
20  per  cent. 
15  per  cent. 
20  per  cent. 

25  per  cent. 


10  per  cent. 


108 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Manufactures  of  Wool — Continued. 


Description. 


Knit  Goods,  gloves,  mittens  

 do  

 .do  

Hits,  gloves,  and  bindings  

 do  

Caps,  gloves,  binding,  mits,  socks,  stockings,  wove 
shirts  and  drawers,  and  all  similar  articles  made  on 
frames. 

Caps,  gloves,  leggings,  mits,  socks,  stockings,  wove 
shirts  and  drawers,  and  all  similar  articles. 

 do  

 do  

 do  

Stockings  

 do  

 do  

 do  :  

 do  

Hosiery,  woolen  or  worsted  

 do  

Shirts,  drawers,  and  hosiery  


Valued  at  not  exceeding  40  cents  per  pound 

 do  

 do  


Valued  at  above  40  and  not  exceeding  60  cents  per 
pound. 

 do  


.do  . 
.do  . 


Valued  at  above  60  and  not  exceeding  80  cents  per 
pound. 

 do  


.do  . 
.do  . 


Valued  at  above  80  cents  per  pound  

 do  

 do  

 do  

Valued  at  not  exceeding  30  cents  per  pound. 

a  See  note  on  p.  90. 


Duty. 


15  per  cent. 
17J  per  cent. 
35  per  cent. 

Do. 
25  per  cent. 
30  per  cent. 


Do. 


24  per  cent. 
30  per  cent. 
35  per  cent. 
10  per  cent. 
15  per  cent. 
17^  percent. 
35  per  cent. 
20  per  cent. 

35  per  cent. 

25  per  cent. 

20  cents  per  pound  and  30  per 
cent. 

20  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

18  cents  per  pound  and  31*5 

per  cent. 
20  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 

cent. 

30  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 

cent. 

27  cents  per  pound  and  31-5 

per  cent. 
30  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 

cent. 

18  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 

cent. 

40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 

cent. 

36  cents  per  pound  and  31*5 
per  cent. 

40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

24  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

50  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

40  cents  per  pound  and  31*5 

per  cent. 
50  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 

cent. 

35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent. 

10  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Manufactures  of  Wool — Glontinued. 


109 


Description. 


Knit  Goods,  gloves,  mittens— Continued. 

Knit  fabrics  and  all  fabrics  made  on  knitting-machines 
or  frames,  valued  at  not  more  than  30  cents  per  pound. 
Valued  at  above  30  and  not  exceeding  40  cents  per 
pound. 

Valued  at  more  than  30  and  not  more  than  40  cents 
per  pound. 

Valued  at  above  40  cents  per  pound  


Laces,  fringes,  tassels,  and  trimmings  commonly  used  by 

upholsterers  and  coach-makers  and  saddlers. 
 do  


.do  . 
.do  . 
-do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 


Lastings,  mohair  cloth  cut  in  strips  or  patterns  of  the  size 
and  shape  for  shoes,  boots,  bootees,  or  buttons  exclusive- 
ly.   (From  and  after  18G7,  buttons  exclusively.) 

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

Leggins.   See  Knit  goods. 

Listings  

 do  

 do  

 do  

Manufactures,  woolen,  n.  e.  s  

 do  

until  June  30, 1825  

Manufactures,  woolen,  n.  e.  s  

 do   

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  


.do  . 
.do. 
.do  . 
.do  . 
-do  . 


Duty. 


33  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent. 

12  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

38£  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent. 

44  cents  per  pound  and  50  per 
cent. 

15  per  cent. 

Do. 
\1\  per  cent. 
35  per  cent. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
5  per  cent. 

4  per  cent. 

Free. 

10  per  cent. 
Do. 

9  per  cent. 

10  per  cent. 

Do. 

20  per  cent. 
15  per  cent. 
20  per  cent. 
10  per  cent. 
25  per  cent. 
20  per  cent. 
30  per  cent. 
33£  per  cent. 
50  per  cent. 
40  per  cent. 
30  per  cent. 
24  per  cent. 

12  cents  per  pound  and  25  per 
cent. 

18  cents  per  pound  and  30  per 
cent. 

24  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent. 

50  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

45  cents  per  pound  and  31*5 
per  cent. 

50  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 


a  See  note  on  p.  90, 


110 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Manufactures  of  Wool — Continued. 


Description. 


Manufactures,  woolen,  n.  e.  s.— Continued. 

Valued  at  not  exceeding  33 J  cents  per  square  yard. . . . , 

 do  

Valued  at  not  exceeding  50  cents  per  square  yard  

[After  June  30, 1829]  

Valued  exceeding  50  cents  and  not  exceeding  $1  per 
square  yard. 

[After  June  30, 1829]  

Valued  exceeding  $1  and  not  exceeding  $2.50  per  square 
yard. 

[After  June  30, 1829]  

Valued  exceeding  $2.50  and  not  exceeding  $4  per  square 
yard. 

[After  June  30, 1829]  , 

Valued  exceeding  $4  per  square  yard   

[After  June  30, 1829]  

Valued  at  $1  per  square  yard  or  weighing  less  than  12 

ounces  per  square  yard. 
Valued  over  $2  per  square  yard  


Valued  at  not  exceeding  80  cents  per  pound. 

Valued  at  above  80  cents  per  pound  

Valued  at  not  more  than  30  cents  per  pound. 


Valued  at  more  than  30  and  not  more  than  40  cents  per 
pound. 

Valued  at  above  40  cents  per  pound  


Manufactures,  n.  e.  s. : 

Worsteds  

 ...do  

 do  

 '..do   

 ^o  

 do  

 do  

Valued  at  not  exceeding  40  cents  per  pound  . 


Duty. 


.do  . 
.do  . 


Valued  at  not  exceeding  30  cents  per  pound  . 


Valued  at  above  30  and  not  exceeding  40  cents  per 
pound. 

Valued  at  above  40  and  not  exceeding  60  cents  per 
pound. 

|f»..lpMM,H..H..M.M.  


25  per  cent. 

14  cents  per  square  yard. 
40  per  cent. 
45  per  cent. 
40  per  cent. 

45  per  cent. 
40  per  cent. 

45  per  cent. 
40  per  cent. 

45  per  cent. 

Do. 
50  per  cent. 

18  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

24  cents  per  pound  and  45  per 
cent. 

35  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent. 

33  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent. 

38  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent. 

44  cents  per  pound  and  50  per 
cent. 

10  per  cent. 
30  per  cent. 

25  per  cent. 

19  per  cent. 
30  per  cent. 
35  per  cent. 
50  per  cent. 

20  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

18  cents  per  pound  and  3]  .5 

per  cent. 
20  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 

cent. 

10  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

12  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

30  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

27  cents  per  pound  and  31,5 
per  cent 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Manufactures  of  Wool — Continued. 


111 


Description. 


Duty. 


Manufactures,  n.  e.  s.— Continued. 
Worsteds— Continued. 

Valued  at  above  40  and  not  exceediDg  60  cents  per 
pound. 

 do  


Valued  at  above  60  and  not  exceeding  80  cents  per 
pound. 

 do  


.do  . 


.do  . 


Valued  at  above  80  cents  per  pound . 

 do  

 do  

 do  


Duty  same  as  on  woolen  manufactures,  n.  e.  s. 
Mats.   See  Carpets. 
Mittens.   See  Knit  goods. 
Mohair  cloth.   See  Lastings. 
Mungo.   See  Rags. 
Nets,  head.   See  Webbings. 
Noils.   See  Rags. 

Rags  


.do  . 
-do  . 
-do  . 
-do  . 


..do  

..do  

Shoddy,  waste  

 do  

 do  

Shoddy,  waste,  and  flocks  . 
 do  


-do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 


Noils,  shoddy,  top  waste,  slubbing  waste,  roving  waste, 
ring  waste,  yarn  waste,  garueted  waste,  and  all 
other  wastes  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool. 

Rags,  mungo  and  flocks,  woolen  

Ring  waste.   See  Rags. 
Roving  waste.   See  Rags. 
Screen^,  See  Carpets, 

0  March  27, 


30  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

18  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

36  cents  per  pound  and  31.5 

per  cent. 
40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 

cent. 
Do. 

50  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

45  cents  per  pound  and  31.5 

per  cent. 
50  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 

cent. 

35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent. 


Free. 
Free. 
Free. 
Free. 
Free. 
Free. 
Free. 

One-fourth  cent  per  pound. 

5  per  cent. 

4  per  cent. 

10  per  cent. 

10  per  cent. 

3  cents  per  pound. 

12  cents  per  pound. 

10-8  cents  per  pound. 

12  cents  per  pound. 

10  cents  per  pound. 

30  cents  per  pound. 


10  cents  per  pouncU 


112 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Manufactures  of  Wool — Continued. 


Description. 


Shawls  : 

Merino  

Worsted  

 do  

Wool  or  in  part  of  wool. 


.do. 
.do  . 
.do  . 


Valued  at  over  $1  per  square  yard,  or  weighing  less 

than  12  ounces  per  square  yard. 
Valued  at  over  $2  per  square  yard  


Valued  at  not  exceeding  80  cents  per  pound  . 

Valued  at  above  80  cents  per  pound  

Valued  at  not  more  than  30  cents  per  pound  . 


Valued  at  more  than  30  and  not  more  than  40  cents 
a  pound. 

Valued  at  above  40  cents  a  pound  , 


Composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  worsted,  the  hair  of  the 

alpaca,  goat,  or  other  animals. 
 do  


Shirts,  wove.   See  Knit  goods. 

Shoddy.   See  Rags. 

Silk  and  worsted  :  Manufactures — 

 do  

 do  

Slubbing  waste.   See  Rags. 
Socks.   See  Knit  goods.  . 
Stockings.   See  Knit  goods. 
Suspenders.   See  webbings. 
Tassels.   See  Laces  and  webbings. 
Top  waste.   See  Rags. 
Trimmings.   See  Laces  and  webbings. 
Waste.   See  Rags. 

Webbing  

 do  

 do  


.do 
-do 


Duty. 


50  per  cent. 
10  per  cent. 
Free. 

12  cents  per  pound  and  25  per 
cent. 

18  cents  per  pound  and  30  per 
cent. 

24  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent. 

50  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

18  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

24  cents  per  pound  and  45  per 
cent.  • 

35  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent. 

33  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent. 

38£  cents  per  pound  and  40 

per  cent. 
44  cents  per  pound  and  50  per 

cent. 

16  cents  per  pound  and  20  per 
cent. 

40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 


10  per  cent. 
Free. 

30  per  cent. 


30  per  cent. 
35  per  ceut. 

50  cents  per  pound  and  50 

per  cent. 
45  cents  per  pound  and  45 

per  cent. 
50  cents  per  pound  and  50 

per  cent. 


a  See  note  on  p.  90. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Manufactures  of  Wool — Continued. 


113 


Description. 


Webbings,  gorings,  suspenders,  braces,  beltings,  bindings, 
braids,  galloons,  fringes,  gimps,  cords,  cords  and  tassels, 
dress  trimmings,  head  nets,  buttons  or  barrel  buttons, 
or  buttons  of  other  forms  for  tassels  or  ornaments, 
wrought  by  hand  or  braided  by  machinery,  made  of 
wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  or  other 
animals,  or  of  which  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the 
alpaca,  goat,  or  other  animals  is  a  component  material. 

 do  


Worsted  Stuff  goods. 

,  do  

 do  

Yarns  :  Wool  


Worsted  

Woolen  and  worsted  

 do  

 do  

Yalue  less  than  50  cents  a  pound,  not  exceeding  No.  14 

 do  

 do  


Valueless  than  50  cents  a  pound,  exceeding  No.  14. . . 

 do  

Valued  over  50  cents  and  not  over  $1  per  pound  


.do 
.do  . 


Value  over  $1  

 do  ?  

Valued  at  not  exceeding  40  cents  per  poundj. 
 do  "  


.do. 


Valued  at  above  40  and  not  exceeding  60  cents  per 
pounds. 

 do  


.da. 
.do. 


Valued  at  above  60  and  not  exceeding  80  cents  per 
pound. 

 do  


.do  . 


Duty. 


30  cents  per  pound  and  50 
per  cent. 


60  cents  per  pound  and  60 

per  cent. 
25  per  cent. 
10  per  cent. 
Free. 

4  cents  per  pound  and  50  per 

cent. 
20  per  cent. 
30  per  cent. 
25  per  cent. 

19  per  cent. 
25  per  cent. 
30  per  cent. 

16  cents  per  pound  and  25  per 

cent. 
30  per  cent. 

35  per  cent. 

12  cents  per  pound  and  15  per 
cent. 

12  cents  per  pound  and  20  per 
cent. 

20  cents  per  pound  and  25  per 
cent. 

12  cents  per  pound  and  25  per 
cent. 

24  cents  per  pound  and  30  per 
cent. 

20  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

18  cents  per  pound  and  31*5 

per  cent. 
20  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 

cent. 

30  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

27  cents  per  pound  and  31*5 

per  cent. 
30  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 

cent. 

18  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

36  cents  per  pound  and  31*5 
per  cent. 

40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 


H-  Mis.  94- 


114 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Manufactures  of  Wool — Continued. 


Act  of- 


Description. 


Duty. 


1883. 
18G7. 
1872. 
1875. 
1883. 
1883. 
1890. 
1883. 
1800. 
1890. 


Yarns— Con  tinu  0u . 

Valued  at  above  60  and  not  exceeding  80  cents  per 
pound. 

Valued  at  above  80  cents  per  pounds  


.do. 
.do. 
.do. 


Valued  at  not  exceeding  30  cents  per  pound  . 
....do  


Valued  at  above  30  and  not  exceeding  40  cents  per 
pound. 

...do  


Valued  at  more  than  40  cents  per  pound  . 
Tarn  waste.    See  Rags. 


24  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

50  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

45  cents  per  pound  and  31  5 

per  cent. 
50  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 

cent. 

35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent. 

10  cents  per  pound  and  35 per 
cent. 

27£  cents  per  pound  and  35 

per  cent. 
12  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 

cent. 

33  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent. 

38J  cents  per  pound  and  40 
per  cent. 


MILLIONS  OF  POUNDS. 

20     40      60      SO    100   130  140  160  ISO    200  2  2  0  240  260   280   300  320  340  360    380  400  420  4  4  0  460 

O   240  260   280  300  320  340  360  380  400  480  4  4  0  460  \ 

<*> 
^> 

<a 
>» 

<a 

Years. 

1866 
1876 
1884 
1890 

1866 
1876 
1884 
1890 

*     S  * 

<C>                 ^  <5> 

K     qS  Qi 

CO       CD       Qd  Qo 

>*t     >i      H  *** 

*  * 
^     *  £ 

^  *  s 

GO       00  JO 
N       H  H 

United  States. 

United  Kingdom. 

France. 

Germany. 

SYNOPSIS  OF  DECISIONS  OF  THE  TREASURY  DEPARTMENT 
UNDER  THE  TARIFF  LAWS  OF  1883  AND  1890. 


WOOL  AND  WOOLENS. 


115 


TARIFF  ACT  OF  MARCH  3,  1883. 


Schedule  K.— Wool  and  Woolens. 

352.  All  wools,  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  and  other  like  animals  shall  be  divided, 
for  the  purpose  of  fixing  the  duties  to  he  charged  thereon,  into  the  three  following 
classes : 

353.  Class  one,  clothing  wools.— That  is  to  say,  merino,  mestiza,  metz,  or 
metis  wools,  or  other  wools  of  merino  blood,  immediate  or  remote,  down  clothing- 
wools,  and  wools  of  like  character  with  any  of  the  preceding,  including  such  as 
have  been  heretofore  usually  imported  into  the  United  States  from  Buenos  Ayres, 
New  Zealand,  Australia,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  Russia,  Great  Britain,  Canada,  and 
elsewhere,  and  also  including  all  wools  not  hereinafter  described  or  designated  in 
classes  two  and  three. 

354.  Class  two,  combing  wools. — That  is  to  say,  Leicester,  Cots  wold,  Lincoln- 
shire, down  combing  wools,  Canada  long  wools,  or  other  like  combing  wools  of 
English  blood,  and  usually  known  by  the  terms  herein  used,  and  also  all  hair  of  the 
alpaca,  goat,  and  other  like  animals. 

355.  Class  three,  carpet  wools  and  other  similar  wools. — Such  as  Donskoi, 
native  South  American,  Cordova,  Valparaiso,  native  Smyrna,  and  including  all  such 
wools  of  like  character  as  have  been  heretofore  usually  imported  into  the  United 
States  from  Turkey,  Greece,  Egypt,  Syria,  and  elsewhere. 

356a.  The  duty  on  wools  of  the  first  class  which  shall  be  imported  washed  shall  be 
twice  the  amount  of  the  duty  to  which  they  would  be  subjected  if  imported  un- 
washed; and  the  duty  on  wools  of  all  classes  which  shall  be  imported  scoured  shall 
be  three  times  the  duty  to  which  they  would  be  subjected  if  imported  unwashed. 

3565.  The  duty  upon  wool  of  the  sheep  or  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  and  other  like 
animals  which  shall  be  imported  in  any  other  than  ordinary  condition,  as  now  and 
heretofore  practiced,  or  which  shall  be  changed  in  its  character  or  condition  for  the 
purpose  of  evading  the  duty,  or  which  shall  be  reduced  in  value  by  the  admixture 
of  dirt  or  any  other  foreign  substance,  shall  be  twice  the  duty  to  which  it  would  be 
otherwise  subject. 

357a.  Wools  of  the  first  class  the  value  whereof  at  the  last  port  or  place  whence 
exported  to  the  United  States,  excluding  charges  in  such  port,  shall  be  thirty  cents 
or  less  per  pound,  ten  cents  per  pound. 

3576.  Wools  of  the  same  class  the  value  whereof  at  the  last  port  or  place  whence 
exported  to  the  United  States,  excluding  charges  in  such  port,  shall  exceed  thirty 
cents  per  pound,  twelve  cents  per  pound. 

358a.  Wools  of  the  second  class  and  all  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  and  other  like 
animals,  the  value  whereof  at  the  last  port  or  place  whence  exported  to  the  United 
States,  excluding  charges  in  such  port,  shall  be  thirty  cents  or  less  per  pound,  ten 
cents  per  pound. 

358&.  Wools  of  the  same  class  the  value  whereof  at  the  last  port  or  place  whence 
exported  to  the  United  States,  excluding  charges  in  such  port,  shall  exceed  thirty 
cents  per  pound,  twelve  cents  per  pound. 

359a.  Wools  of  the  third  class  the  value  whereof  at  the  last  port  or  place  whence 
exported  to  the  United  States,  excluding  charges  in  such  port,  shall  be  twelve  cents 
or  less  per  pound,  two  and  a  half  cents  per  pound. 

117 


118 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


359&.  Wools  of  tlie  same  class  the  value  whereof  at  the  last  port  or  place  whence 
exported  to  the  United  States,  excluding  charges  in  such  port,  shall  exceed  twelve 
cents  per  pound,  five  cents  per  pound. 

360.  Wools  on  the  skin,  the  same  rates  as  other  wools,  the  quantity  and  value  to 
be  ascertained  under  such  rules  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  may  prescribe. 

361.  Woolen  rags,  shoddy,  mungo,  waste,  and  flocks,  ten  cents  per  pound. 

362.  Woolen  cloths,  woolen  shawls,  and  all  manufactures  of  wool  of  every  descrip- 
tion made  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for  in 
this  act,  valued  at  not  exceeding  eighty  cents  per  pound,  thirty-five  cents  per  pound 
and  thirty-five  per  centum  ad  valorem;  valued  at  above  eighty  cents  per  pound, 
thirty-five  cents  per  pound,  and  in  addition  thereto  forty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

363a.  Flannels,  blankets,  hats  of  wool,  knit  goods,  and  all  goods  made  on  knit- 
tiug-frames,  balmorals,  woolen  and  worsted  yarns,  and  all  manufactures  of  every 
description  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  or 
other  animals,  (except  such  as  are  composed  in  part  of  wool),  not  specially  enumer- 
ated or  provided  for  in  this  act. 

363o.  Valued  at  not  exceeding  thirty  cents  per  pound,  ten  cents  per  pound. 

363c.  Valued  at  above  thirty  cents  per  pound  and  not  exceeding  forty  cents  per 
pound,  twelve  cents  per  pound. 

363a\  Valued  at  above  forty  cents  per  pound  and  not  exceeding  sixty  cents  per 
pound,  eighteen  cents  per  pound. 

363c.  Valued  at  above  sixty  cents  per  pound  and  not  exceeding  eighty  cents  per 
pound,  twenty-four  cents  per  pound. 

363/.  And  in  addition  thereto,  upon  all  the  above-named  articles,  thirty-five  per 
centum  ad  valorem. 

363//.  Valued  at  above  eighty  cents  per  pound,  thirty-five  cents  per  pound,  and  in 
addition  thereto  forty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

364.  Bunting,  ten  cents  per  square  yard,  and  in  addition  thereto  thirty-five  per 
centum  ad  valorem. 

365a.  Women's  and  children's  dress  goods,  coat  linings,  Italian  cloths,  and  goods 
of  like  description  composed  in  part  of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat, 
or  other  animals. 

365Z>.  Valued  at  not  exceeding  twenty  cents  per  square  yard,  five  cents  per  square 
yard,  and  in  addition  thereto  thirty-five  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

365c.  Valued  at  above  twenty  cents  per  square  yard,  seven  cents  per  square  yard 
and  forty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

365o\  If  composed  wholly  of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  or  other 
animals,  or  of  a  mixture  of  them,  nine  cents  per  square  yard  and  forty  per  centum 
ad  valorem. 

365c.  But  all  such  goods  with  selvedges,  made  wholly  or  in  part  of  other  materials, 
or  with  threads  of  other  materials  introduced  for  the  purpose  of  changing  the 
classification,  shall  be  dutiable  at  nine  cents  per  square  yard  and  forty  per  centum 
ad  valorem : 

365/.  Provided,  That  all  such  goods  weighing  over  four  ounces  per  square  yard 
shall  pay  a  duty  of  thirty-five  cents  per  pound  and  forty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

366.  Clothing,  ready-made,  and  wearing  apparel  of  every  description  not  specific- 
ally enumerated  or  provided  for  in  this  act,  and  balmoral  skirts,  and  skirting,  and 
goods  of  similar  description,  or  used  for  like  purposes,  composed  wholly  or  in  part 
of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  or  other  animals,  made  up  or  manu- 
factured wholly  or  in  part  by  the  tailor,  seamstress,  or  manufacturer,  except  knit 
goods,  forty  cents  per  pound,  and  in  addition  thereto,  thirty-five  per  centum  ad 
valorem. 

367.  Cloaks,  dolmans,  jackets,  talmas,  ulsters,  or  other  outside  garments  for  ladies' 
and  childrens'  apparel  and  goods  of  similar  description,  or  used  for  like  purposes, 
composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  or  other 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


119 


animals,  made  up  or  manufactured  wholly  or  in  part  by  the  tailor,  seamstress,  or 
manufacturer  (except  knit  goods),  forty-five  cents  per  pound,  and  in  addition  thereto 
forty  per  centum  ad  valorom. 

368.  Webbings,  gorings,  suspenders,  braces,  beltings,  bindings,  braids,  galloons, 
fringes,  gimps,  cords,  cords  and  tassels,  dress  trimmings,  head  nets,  buttons,  or  barrel 
buttons,  or  buttons  of  other  forms  for  tassels  or  ornaments,  wrought  by  hand,  or 
braided  by  machinery,  made  of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  or  other 
animals,  or  of  which  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  or  other  animals  is 
a  component  material,  thirty  cents  per  pound,  and  in  addition  thereto,  fifty  per 
centum  ad  valorem. 

369.  Aubusson,  Axminster,  and  chenille  carpets,  and  carpets  woven  whole  for 
rooms,  forty-five  cents  per  square  yard,  and  in  addition  thereto,  thirty  per  centum 
ad  valorem. 

370.  Saxony,  Wilton,  and  Tournay  velvet  carpets,  forty-five  cents  per  square  yard, 
and  in  addition  thereto,  thirty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

371.  Brussels  carpets,  thirty  cents  per  square  yard,  and  in  addition  thereto,  thirty 
per  centum  ad  valorem. 

372.  Patent  velvet  and  tapestry  velvet  carpets,  printed  on  the  warp  or  otherwise, 
twenty-five  cents  per  square  yard,  and  in  addition  thereto,  thirty  per  centum  ad 
valorem. 

373.  Tapestry  Brussels  carpets,  printed  on  the  warp  or  otherwise,  twenty  cents  per 
square  yard,  and  in  addition  thereto,  thirty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

374.  Treble  ingrain,  three-ply,  and  worsted-chain  Venetian  carpets,  twelve  cents 
per  square  yard,  and  in  addition  thereto,  thirty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

375.  Yarn  Venetian,  and  two-ply  ingrain  carpets,  eight  cents  per  square  yard,  and 
in  addition  thereto,  thirty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

376.  Druggets  and  bookings,  printed,  colored,  or  otherwise,  fifteen  cents  per 
square  yard,  and  in  addition  thereto,  thirty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

377.  Hemp  or  jute  carpeting,  six  cents  per  square  yard. 

378a.  Carpets  and  carpetings  of  wool,  flax,  or  cotton,  or  parts  of  either  or  other 
material,  not  otherwise  herein  specified,  forty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

378b.  And  mats,  rugs,  screens,  covers,  hassocks,  bedsides,  and  other  portions  of 
carpets  or  carpetings,  shall  be  subjected  to  the  rate  of  duty  herein  imposed  on  car- 
pets or  carpeting  of  like  character  or  description. 

378c.  And  the  duty  on  all  other  mats  not  exclusively  of  vegetable  material,  screens, 
hassocks,  and  rugs,  shall  be  forty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

379.  Endless  belts  or  felts  for  paper  or  printing  machines,  twenty  cents  per  pound 
and  thirty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

ACT  OF  OCTOBER  i,  1890. 

Schedule  K.— Wool  and  Manufactures  of  Wool. 

375.  All  wools,  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  and  other  like  animals  shall  be 
divided  for  the  purpose  of  fixing  the  duties  to  be  charged  thereon  into  the  three 
following  classes : 

376.  Class  one,  that  is  to  say,  Merino,  mestiza,  metz,  or  metis  wools,  or  other  wools 
of  Merino  blood,  immediate  or  remote,  Down  clothing  wools,  and  wools  of  like 
character  with  any  of  the  preceding,  including  such  as  ha7e  been  heretofore  usually 
imported  into  the  United  States  from  Buenos  Ay  res,  New  Zealand,  Australia,  Cape 
of  Good  Hope,  Russia,  Great  Britain,  Canada,  and  elsewhere,  and  also  including  all 
wools  not  hereinafter  described  or  designated  in  classes  two  and  three. 

377.  Class  two,  that  is  to  say,  Leicester,  Cotswold,  Lincolnshire,  Down  combing 
wools,  Canada  long  wools,  or  other  like  combing  wools  of  English  blood,  and  usually 


120 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


known  by  the  terms  herein  used,  and  also  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  and  other 
like  animals. 

378.  Class  three,  that  is  to  say,  Donskoi,  native  South  American,  Cordova,  Val- 
paraiso, native  Smyrna,  Russian  camels  hair,  and  including  all  such  wools  of  like 
character  as  have  been  heretofore  usually  imported  into  the  United  States  from 
Turkey,  Greece,  Egypt,  Syria,  and  elsewhere,  excepting  improved  wools  hereinafter 
provided  far. 

379.  The  standard  samples  of  all  wools  which  are  now  or  may  be  hereafter  deposited 
in  the  principal  custom-houses  of  the  United  States,  under  the  authority  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  shall  be  the  standards  for  the  classification  of  wools 
under  this  act,  and  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall  have  the  authority  to  renew 
these  standards  and  to  make  such  additions  to  them  from  time  to  time  as  may  be 
required,  and  he  shall  cause  to  be  deposited  like  standards  in  other  custom-houses 
of  the  United  States  when  they  may  be  needed. 

380.  Whenever  wools  of  class  three  shall  have  been  improved  by  the  admixture 
of  Merino  or  English  blood  from  their  present  character  as  represented  by  the  stand- 
ard samples  now  or  hereafter  to  be  deposited  in  the  principal  custom-houses  of  the 
United  States,  such  improved  wools  shall  be  classified  for  duty  either  as  class  one 
or  as  class  two,  as  the  case  may  be. 

381.  The  duty  on  wools  of  the  first  class  which  shall  be  imported  washed  shall 
be  twice  the  amount  of  the  duty  to  which  they  would  be  subjected  if  imported 
unwashed;  and  the  duty  on  wools  of, the  first  and  second  classes  which  shall  be  im- 
ported scoured  shall  be  three  times  the  duty  to  which  they  would  be  subjected  if 
imported  unwashed. 

382.  Unwashed  wools  shall  be  considered  such  as  shall  have  been  shorn  from  the 
sheep  without  any  cleansing;  that  is,  in  their  natural  condition.  Washed  wools 
shall  be  considered  such  as  have  been  washed  with  water  on  the  sheep's  back. 
Wool  washed  in  any  other  manner  than  on  the  sheep's  back  shall  be  considered  as 
scoured  wool. 

383.  The  duty  upon  wool  of  the  sheep  or  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  and  other 
like  animals  which  shall  be  imported  in  any  other  than  ordinary  condition,  or  which 
shall  be  changed  in  its  character  or  condition  for  the  purpose  of  evading  the  duty, 
or  which  shall  be  reduced  in  value  by  the  admixture  of  dirt,  or  any  other  foreign 
substance,  or  which  has  been  sorted  or  increased  in  value  by  the  rejection  of  any 
part  of  the  orginal  fleece,  shall  be  twice  the  duty  to  which  it  would  be  otherwise 
subject:  Provided,  That  skirted  wools  as  now  imported  are  hereby  excepted.  Wools 
on  which  a  duty  is  assessed  amounting  to  three  times  or  more  than  that  which 
would  be  assessed  if  said  wool  was  imported  unwashed,  such  duty  shall  not  be 
doubled  on  account  of  its  being  sorted.  If  any  bale  or  package  of  wool  or  hair 
specified  in  this  act  imported  as  of  any  specified  class,  or  claimed  by  the  importer 
to  be  dutiable  as  of  any  specified  class,  shall  contain  any  wool  or  hair  subject 
to  a  higher  rate  of  duty  than  the  class  so  specified,  the  whole  bale  or  package 
shall  be  subject  to  the  highest  rate  of  duty  chargeable  on  wool  of  the  class  subject 
to  such  higher  rate  of  duty,  and  if  any  bale  or  package  be  claimed  by  the  importer 
to  be  shoddy,  mungo,  flocks,  wool,  hair,  or  other  material  of  any  class  specified  in 
this  act,  and  such  bale  contain  any  admixture  of  any  one  or  more  of  said  materials, 
or  of  any  other  material,  the  whole  bale  or  package  shall  be  subject  to  duty  at  the 
highest  rate  imposed  upon  any  article  in  said  bale  or  package. 

384.  The  duty  upon  all  wools  and  hair  of  the  first  class  shall  be  eleven  cents  per 
pound,  and  upon  all  wools  or  hair  of  the  second  class  twelve  cents  per  pound. 

385.  On  wools  of  the  third  class  and  on  camel's  hair  of  the  third  class  the  value 
whereof  shall  be  thirteen  cents  or  less  per  pound,  including  charges,  the  duty  shall 
be  thirty-two  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

386.  On  wools  of  the  third  class,  and  on  camel's  hair  of  the  third  class,  the  value 
whereof  shall  exceed  thirteen  cents  per  pound,  including  charges,  the  duty  shall 
be  fifty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


121 


387.  Wools  on  the  skin  shall  pay  the  same  rate  as  other  wools,  the  quantity  and 
value  to  be  ascertained  under  such  rules  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  may  pre- 
scribe. 

388.  On  noils,  shoddy,  top  waste,  slubbing  waste,  roving  waste,  ring  waste,  yarn 
waste,  garnetted  waste,  and  all  other  wastes  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool, 
the  duty  shall  be  thirty  cents  per  pound. 

389.  On  woolen  rags,  mungo,  and  flocks,  the  duty  shall  be  ten  cents  per  pound. 

390.  Wools  and  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other  like  animals,  in  the  form 
of  roping,  roving,  or  tops,  and  all  wool  and  hair  which  have  been  advanced  in  any 
manner  or  by  any  process  of  manufacture  beyond  the  washed  or  scoured  condition, 
not  specially  provided  for  in  this  act,  shall  be  subject  to  the  same  duties  as  are 
imposed  upon  manufactures  of  wool  not  specially  provided  for  in  this  act. 

391.  On  woolen  and  worsted  yarns  made  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  worsted,  the 
hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other  animals,  valued  at  not  more  than  thirty 
cents  per  pound,  the  duty  per  pound  shall  be  two  and  one-half  times  the  duty 
imposed  by  this  act  on  a  pound  of  unwashed  wool  of  the  first  class,  and  in  addition 
thereto,  thirty-five  per  centum  ad  valorem;  valued  at  more  than  thirty  cents  and 
not  more  than  forty  cents  per  pound,  the  duty  per  pound  shall  be  three  times  the 
duty  imposed  by  this  act  on  a  pound  of  unwashed  wool  of  the  first  class,  and  in 
addition  thereto  thirty-five  per  centum  ad  valorem;  valued  at  more  than  forty  cents 
per  pound,  the  duty  per  pound  shall  be  three  and  one-half  times  the  duty  imposed 
by  this  act  on  a  pound  of  unwashed  wool  of  the  first  class,  and  in  addition  thereto 
forty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

392.  On  woolen  or  worsted  cloths,  shawls,  knit  fabrics,  and  all  fabrics  made  on 
knitting  machines  or  frames,  and  all  manufactures  of  every  description  made  wholly 
or  in  part  of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other  animals, 
not  specially  provided  for  in  this  act,  valued  at  not  more  than  thirty  cents  per 
pound,  the  duty  per  pound  shall  be  three  times  the  duty  imposed  by  this  act  on  a 
pound  of  unwashed  wool  of  the  first  class,  and  in  addition  thereto  forty  per  centum 
ad  valorem;  valued  at  more  than  thirty  and  not  more  than  forty  cents  per  pound, 
the  duty  per  pound  shall  be  three  and  one-half  times  the  duty  imposed  by  this  act 
on  a  pound  of  unwashed  wool  of  the  first  class,  and  in  addition  thereto  forty  per 
centum  ad  valorem;  valued  at  above  forty  cents  per  pound,  the  duty  per  pound  shall 
be  four  times  the  duty  imposed  by  this  act  on  a  pound  of  u  nwashed  wool  of  the  first 
class,  and  in  addition  thereto  fifty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

393.  On  blankets,  hats  of  wool,  and  flannels  for  underwear  composed  wholly  or  in 
part  of  wool,  the  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other  animals,  valued  at  not 
more  than  thirty  cents  per  pound,  the  duty  per  pound  shall  be  the  same  as  the  duty 
imposed  by  this  act  on  one  pound  and  one-half  of  unwashed  wool  of  the  first  class, 
and  in  addition  thereto  thirty  per  centum  ad  valorem;  valued  at  more  than  thirty 
and  not  more  than  forty  cents  per  pound,  the  duty  per  pound  shall  be  twice  the  duty 
imposed  by  this  act  on  a  pound  of  unwashed  wool  of  the  first  class ;  valued  at  more 
than  forty  cents  and  not  more  than  fifty  cents  per  pound,  the  duty  per  pound  shall 
be  three  times  the  duty  imposed  by  this  act  on  a  pound  of  unwashed  wool  of  the  first 
class ;  and  in  addition  thereto  upon  all  the  above-named  articles  thirty-five  per  cen- 
tum ad  valorem.  On  blankets  and  hats  of  wool  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool, 
the  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other  animal,  valued  at  more  than  fifty  cents 
per  pound,  the  duty  per  pound  shall  be  three  and  a  half  times  the  duty  imposed  by 
this  act  on  a  pound  of  unwashed  wool  of  the  first  class,  and  in  addition  thereto  forty 
per  centum  ad  valorem.  Flannels  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  the  hair  of 
the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other  animals,  valued  at  above  fifty  cents  per  pound  shall 
be  classified  and  pay  the  same  duty  as  women's  and  children's  dress  goods,  coat  lin- 
ing, Italian  cloths,  and  goods  of  similar  character  and  description  provided  by  this 
act. 

394  On  women's  and  children's  dress  goods,  coat  linings,  Italian  cloths,  and  goods 
of  similar  character  or  description  of  which  the  warp  consists  wholly  of  cotton  or 


122 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


other  vegetable  material,  with  the  remainder  of  the  fabric  composed  wholly  or  in 
part  of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other  animals  valued 
at  not  exceeding  fifteen  cents  per  square  yard,  seven  cents  per  square  yard,  and  in 
addition  thereto  forty  per  centum  ad  valorem;  valued  at  above  fifteen  cents  per 
square  yard,  eight  cents  per  square  yard,  and  in  addition  thereto  fifty  per  centum 
ad  valorem:  Provided,  That  on  all  such  goods  weighing  over  four  ounces  per  square 
yard  the  duty  per  pound  shall  be  four  times  the  duty  imposed  by  this  act  on  a  pound 
of  unwashed  wool  of  the  first  class,  and  in  addition  thereto  fifty  per  centum  ad  va- 
lorem. 

395.  On  women's  and  children's  dress  goods,  coat  linings,  Italian  cloth,  bunting, 
and  goods  of  similar  description  or  character  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool, 
worsted,  the  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other  amimals,  and  not  specially 
provided  for  in  this  act,  the  duty  shall  be  twelve  cents  per  square  yard,  and  in  addi- 
tion thereto  fifty  per  centum  ad  valorem :  Provided,  That  on  all  such  goods  weighing 
over  four  ounces  per  square  yard  the  duty  per  pound  shall  be  four  times  the  duty 
imposed  by  this  act  on  a  pound  of  unwashed  wool  of  the  first  class,  and  in  addition 
thereto  fifty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

396.  On  clothing,  ready  made,  and  articles  of  wearing  apparel  of  every  descrip- 
tion, made  up  or  manufactured  wholly  or  in  part,  not  specially  provided  for  in  this 
act,  felts  not  woven,  and  not  specially  provided  for  in  this  act,  plushes  and  other 
pile  fabrics,  all  of  the  foregoing,  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  worsted,  the 
hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other  animals  the  duty  per  pound  shall  be  four 
and  one-half  times  the  duty  imposed  by  this  act  on  a  pound  of  unwashed  wool  of 
the  first  class,  and  in  addition  thereto  sixty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

397.  On  cloaks,  dolmans,  jackets,  talmas,  ulsters,  or  other  outside  garments  for 
ladies  and  children's  apparel  and  goods  of  similar  description,  or  used  for  like  pur- 
poses, composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  camel,  goat, 
alpaca,  or  other  animals,  made  up  or  manufactured  wholly  or  in  part,  the  duty  per 
pound  shall  be  four  and  one-half  times  the  duty  imposed  by  this  act  on  a  pound  of 
unwashed  wool  of  the  first  class,  and  in  addition  thereto  sixty  per  centum  ad 
valorem. 

398.  On  webbings,  gorings,  suspenders,  braces,  beltings,  bindings,  braids,  galloons, 
fringes,  gimps,  cords,  cords  and  tassels,  dress  trimmings,  laces  and  embroideries, 
head  nets,  buttons,  or  barrel  buttons,  or  buttons  of  other  forms,  for  tassels  or  orna- 
ments, wrought  by  hand  or  braided  by  machinery  any  of  the  foregoing  which  are 
elastic  or  non-elastic,  made  of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or 
other  animals,  or  of  which  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other 
animals  is  a  component  material,  the  duty  shall  be  sixty  cents  per  pound,  and  in 
addition  thereto  sixty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

399.  Aubusson,  Axminster,  Moquette,  and  Chenille  carpets,  figured  or  plain,  car- 
pets woven  whole  for  rooms,  and  all  carpets  or  carpeting  of  like  character  or 
description,  and  oriental,  Berlin,  and  other  similar  rugs,  sixty  cents  per  square  yard, 
and  in  addition  thereto  forty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

400.  Saxony,  Wilton,  and  Tournay  velvet  carpets,  figured  or  plain,  and  all  carpets 
or  carpeting  of  like  character  or  description,  sixty  cents  per  square  yard,  and  in 
addition  thereto  forty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

401.  Brussels  carpets,  figured  or  plain,  and  all  carpets  or  carpeting  of  like  char- 
acter or  description,  forty-four  cents  per  square  yard,  and  in  addition  thereto  forty 
per  centum  ad  valorem. 

402.  Velvet  and  tapestry  velvet  carpets,  figured  or  plain,  printed  on  the  wrap  or 
otherwise,  and  all  carpets  or  carpeting  of  like  character  or  description,  forty  cents 
per  square  yard,  and  in  addition  thereto  forty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

403.  Tapestry  Brussels  carpets,  figured  or  plain,  and  all  carpets  or  carpeting  of 
like  character  or  description,  printed  on  the  warp  or  otherwise,  twenty-eight  cents 
per  square  yard,  and  in  addition  thereto  forty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


123 


404.  Treble  ingrain,  three-ply  and  all  chain  Venetian  carpets,  nineteen  cents  per 
square  yard,,  and  in  addition  thereto  forty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

405.  Wool  Dutch  and  two-ply  ingrain  carpets,  fourteen  cents  per  square  yard, 
and  in  addition  thereto  forty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

406.  Druggets  and  bookings,  printed,  colored,  or  otherwise,  twenty-two  cents  per 
square  yard,  and  in  addition  thereto  forty  per  centum  ad  valorem.  Felt  carpeting, 
figured  or  plain,  eleven  cents  per  square  yard,  and  in  addition  thereto  forty  per 
centum  ad  valorem. 

407.  Carpets  and  carpeting  of  wool,  flax  or  cotton,  or  composed  in  part  of  either, 
not  specially  provided  for  in  this  act,  fifty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

408.  Mats,  rugs,  screens,  covers,  hassocks,  bed  sides,  art  squares,  and  other  por- 
tions of  carpets  or  carpeting  made  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  and  not  specially  pro- 
vided for  in  this  act,  shall  be  subjected  to  the  rate  of  duty  herein  imposed  on  carpets 
or  carpeting  of  like  character  or  description. 


DECISIONS  IN  REGARD  TO  WOOL  AND  WOOLENS. 

Treasury  Department,  August  31,  1883. 

Skins  with  the  wool  on. — It  appears  from  your  monthly  report  of  importations 
for  July,  that  in  the  case  of  certain  sheepskins  imported  with  the  wool  on,  duties 
were  assessed  on  the  wool  at  the  rate  of  2\  cents  per  pound,  and  on  the  skins  at  the 
rate  of  10  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

The  tariff  formerlv  in  force  imposed  duty  on  such  skins  at  the  rate  of  30  per  cent 
ad  valorem,  but  the  provision  was  not  reproduced  in  the  new  tariff.  The  existing 
free  list  includes  (T.  I.,  new,  719)  "  hides,  raw  or  uncured,  whether  dry,  salted,  or 
pickled,  and  skins,  except  sheepkins  with  the  wool  ori,  angora-goat  skins,  raw,  with- 
out the  wool,  unmanufactured,  asses'  skins,  raw  or  unmanufactured/'  and  also  (T.  I., 
new,  788,)  "  skins,  dried,  salted,  or  pickled." 

In  view  of  this  legislation,  and  of  the  provision  of  section  2499,  that  "  non-enu- 
merated articles  similar  in  material,  quality,  texture,  and  the  use  to  which  they  may 
be  applied  to  articles  on  the  free  list,  and  in  the  manufacture  of  which  no  dutiable 
materials  are  used,  shall  be  free/'  the  Department  holds  that  the  skins  mentioned  in 
yonr  report  were  entitled  to  admission  free  of  duties,  and  if  the  requirements  of  sec- 
tion 2931,  Revised  Statutes,  have  been  complied  with,  measures  may  be  taken  in  the 
usual  manner  for  a  refund  of  the  amount  levied  in  excess. 

Of  course  the  duties  on  the  wool  will  be  retained.  (5883.) 


Treasury  Department,  September  17,  1883. 

Worsted  shawls — The  Department  duly  received  your  letter  of  the  21st  ultimo, 
submitting  the  appeal  (7852  h)  of  Jno.  V.  Farwell  &  Co.  from  your  assessment  of  duty 
at  the  rate  of  45  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  worsted 
shawls  entered  at  your  port  July  27,  1883. 

The  goods  are  dutiable  under  Schedule  K  of  the  tariff  of  March  3,  1883,  which 
provides  for  woollen  and  worsted  goods.  Woollen  shawls  are  enumerated  therein, 
but  worsted  shawls  are  not,  and  the  question  presented  is,  whether  worsted  shawls 
shall  be  classified  under  paragraph  366  (T.  I.,  new),  which  provides  for  "  clothing 
ready-made,  and  wearing-apparel  of  every  description,  not  specially  enumerated  or 
provided  for  in  this  act,  *  *  *  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool  or 
worsted,"  or  under  paragraph  367,  which  provides  for  " cloaks,  dolmans,  jackets, 
talmas,  ulsters,  or  other  outside  garments  for  ladies'  and  children's  apparel,  and 
goods  of  similar  description  or  used  for  like  purposes,  composed  wholly  or  in  part 
of  wool,  worsted/'  etc. 


124 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Shawls  are  unquestionably  wearing-apparel,  but  it  is  not  so  clear  that  they  corae 
within  a  proper  definition  of  the  word  "garment,"  which  Webster  defines  to  mean 
any  article  of  clothing,  as  a  coat,  a  gown,  etc.  The  term  clothing,  as  commonly 
understood,  would  not  embrace  articles  like  shawls. 

The  articles  enumerated  in  paragraph  367  are  made  up  by  the  seamstress  or  manu- 
facturer from  cloth  or  other  fabric,  which  of  itself  is  a  finished  article,  while  shawls 
are  made  by  a  continuous  process  from  the  yarn  by  machinery.  Shawls  do  not  belong 
to  the  class  of  goods  enumerated  in  paragraph  367,  and,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Depart- 
ment, it  is  not  applicable  by  the  usual  rule  of  law  adopted  in  construing  tariff 
statutes  (noscitur  a  sociis)  to  worsted  shawls,  and  hence  they  remain  dutiable,  under 
paragraph  366,  as  wearing-apparel. 

Upon  the  view  thus  taken,  the  provision  in  section  2499,  that  "if  two  or  more 
rates  of  duty  should  be  applicable  to  any  imported  article,  it  shall  be  classified  for 
duty  under  the  highest  of  such  rates,"  does  not  reach  this  case.  You  will  adjust  the 
entry  accordingly.  (5903.) 


Treasury  Department,  September  22, 18SS. 

Yarn  made  of  wool  and  rabbit's  hair. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of 
your  letter  of  the  15th  instant,  transmitting  the  appeal  (9618  li)  of  George  Miiller 
from  your  decision  assessing  duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent 
ad  valorem  on  certain  yarn  imported,  per  Westphalia,  August  2,  1883,  which  the 
appellant  claims  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  30  per  cent  ad  valorem,  as  "rabbit's 
fur  yarn,"  under  the  provision  in  Schedule  N  of  the  Tariff  of  1883  (T.  I.,  new,  435) 
for  articles  made  of  fur,  &c. 

The  merchandise  consists  of  yarn  made  from  wool  and  rabbit's  hair,  in  the  pro- 
portion of  65  per  cent  of  wool  to  35  per  cent  of  hair,  and  the  appraiser  reports  that 
its  proper  classification  is  under  the  provision  for  woollen  and  worsted  yarns  found 
in  Schedule  K  (T.  L,  new,  363).  In  this  opinion  the  Department  concurs,  and  as 
the  yarn  was  valued  at  over  80  cents  a  pound,  the  correct  rate  of  duty  was  that 
assessed  by  you.  Your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  specified  is  hereby  affirmed. 
(5913.) 


Treasury  Department,  October  20, 1883. 

Merino  fichus. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  23d  of  August 
last,  transmitting  the  appeal  (7926  h)  of  Carson,  Pirie,  Scott  &  Co.  from  your  decision 
assessing  duty  at  the  rate  of  50  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certan  merino  fichus  imported 
.Inly  li,  1883,  which  the  appellants  claim  to  be  dui table  at  the  rate  of  40  cents  per 
pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

The  articles  are  ready-made  clothing  or  wearing-apparel,  composed  in  part  of  silk 
and  in  part  of  wool,  and  the  question  involved  is  whether  they  are  dutiable  as  manu- 
factures of  silk  or  of  which  silk  is  the  component  of  chief  value  (T.  I.,  new,  383),  or 
under  the  provision  for  "  clothing,  ready-made,  and  wearing-apparel  of  every  descrip- 
tion, not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for  in  this  act,  *  *  *  composed  wholly 
or  in  part  of  wool,"  &c.   (T.  I.,  new,  366.) 

In  the  opinion  of  the  Department,  the  articles  are  provided  for  in  the  clause  last 
mentioned,  as  they  are  therein  enumerated  as  ready-made  clothing,  in  part  of  wool, 
and  as  such  provision  takes  precedence  of  the  general  provision  (T.  I.,  new,  383) 
for  "all  goods,  wares,  and  merchandise  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for  in 
this  act,  made  of  silk,  or  of  which  silk  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value." 

The  Department  decides  that  the  appeal  is  well  taken,  and  that  the  appellants 
are  entitled  to  a  reliquidation  of  the  entry.  You  will  take  action  accordingly. 
(5964.) 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


125 


Treasury  Department,  November  12,  1883. 
White  highland  wool. — I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  a  letter 
from  the  Acting  Secretary,  dated  the  6th  instant,  transmitting  a  copy  of  a  dispatch 
from  Mr.  Bret  Harte,  United  States  consul  at  Glasgow,  relating  to  the  price  of  white 
Highland  wool. 

In  reply  to  your  request  for  the  views  of  this  Department,  on  the  inquiry  of  the 
consul,  as  to  the  definition  to  he  given  to  the  phrase  u  at  the  last  port  or  place 
whence  exported  to  the  United  States,"  I  have  to  state  that  it  is  generally  the  place 
where  the  goods  are  put  on  shipboard  for  exportation  to  the  United  States.  Thus, 
in  the  case  of  an  importation  of  "  Highland  laid  wool,"  shipped  from  Glasgow  to 
Liverpool  for  shipment  to  the  United  States,  this  Department  held,  February  5, 
1878,  that  Liverpool  was  the  last  place  of  shipment  within  the  meaning  of  the  tariff, 
and  in  another  case,  of  certain  wool  from  Dewsbury,  England,  shipped  to  the  United 
States  from  Liverpool,  it  was  decided,  July  30,  1879,  as  follows : 

■  "In  the  present  case,  Liverpool  Avas  the  last  port  whence  the  wool  was  exported 
to  the  United  States;  consequently  it  is  the  duty  of  the  appraiser  to  determine  its 
actual  market  value  there,  and  that  fixes  the  value  by  which  the  rate  of  duty  shall 
be  determined."  "The  charges  from  Dewsbury  to  Liverpool  do  not  enter  into  the 
question  unless  the  appraiser  should  find  that  the  market  value  at  Liverpool  is 
less  than  the  invoice  price  at  Dewsbury,  with  the  freight  from  Dewsbury  to  Liver- 
pool added." 

It  will  be  seen,  therefore,  that,  as  regards  the  Highland  wool,  referred  to  by  the 
consul  as  being  gathered  up  at  places  in  the  interior,  brought  to  Glasgo  w  and  put  on 
board  the  exporting  vessel  at  the  latter  place  for  shipment  to  the  United  States,  it 
should  be  valued  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  the  rate  of  duty  at  Glasgow,  and 
not  at  the  interior  ports;  and,  further,  that  the  transportation  charges  to  Glasgow 
are  not  to  be  added  as  such  to  ascertain  the  value,  for  the  reason  that  the  law  re- 
quires the  ascertainment  of  the  value  at  the  last  port  or  place  whence  exported  to 
the  United  States,  excluding  charges  in  such  port. 

If  the  market  value  at  Glasgow  for  the  wool  is  greater  than  the  market  value  at 
the  interior  places,  the  merchandise  should  be  invoiced  accordingly,  but  without 
any  express  addition  for  transportation  charges  to  Glasgow.  When  the  actual 
market  value  of  such  wool,  at  the  last  place  of  shipment  to  the  United  States,  ex- 
clusive of  charges  in  such  port,  shall  have  been  ascertained,  no  further  inquiry  is 
necessary  to  ascertain  the  value  for  the  purpose  of  determining  the  rate  of  duty  to 
which  the  merchandise  is  liable.    (600 §.)  a. 


Treasury  Department,  November  19,  1883. 

Wool  noils. — The  Department  duly  received  your  letter  of  the  4th  instant,  request- 
ing that  imported  wool  noils  from  the  long  wool  of  the  Cotswoldand  Leicester  sheep 
may  be  classified  for  duty  as  wools  of  the  third  class,  or  carpet  wools,  upon  the 
ground  that  they  are  only  fit  for  use  as  carpet  stock. 

The  theory  upon  which  the  wool  tariff  of  1867  was  adopted  was  a  division  of  the 
wools  into  various  classes  according  to  race  and  blood,  and  their  classification  was 
not  to  be  determined  according  to  their  use.  This  distinction  has  been  maintained 
from  the  time  of  the  enactment  of  the  law  until  the  present.  The  Department  has 
heretofore  decided  that  wool  noils  should  be  classified  as  wool,  and,  consequently, 
noils  from  wool  of  the  Cotswold  and  Leicester  sheep  belong  to  class  two,  as  combing 
wools,  without  regard  to  the  uses  to  which  they  are  put.  Whether  the  principle 
adopted  in  the  Department's  decision  of  June  2,  1883,  to  which  you  refer,  which 
determines  the  classification  of  mohair  noils  according  to  the  uses  for  which  they 
are  fit,  is  a  correct  one  or  not,  the  Department  does  not  propose  to  extend  that  prin- 
ciple to  wool.  (6028.) 


a  See  No.  6129. 


126 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Treasury  Department,  December  7,  1883. 
Tapestry  carpets. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  9th  of 
October,  submitting  the  appeal  (176  i)  of  J.  Kennard  &  Sons  from  your  assessment 
of  duties  at  the  rate  of  45  cents  per  square  yard  and  30  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  cer- 
tain tapestry  velvet  and  tapestry  Brussels  carpets  imported  by  them.  The  carpets 
were  woven  whole,  some  of  the  pieces  being  10  feet  square,  and  others  of  less  dimen- 
sions. 

The  importers  claim  that  they  are  dutiable  at  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the 
following  provision  in  Schedule  K  (T.  L,  new,  378) : 

Carpets  and  carpeting  of  wool,  flax,  or  cotton,  or  parts  of  either  or  other  material, 
not  otherwise  herein  specified,  forty  per  centum  ad  valorem;  and  mats,  rugs,  screens, 
covers,  hassocks,  bedsides,  and  other  portions  of  carpets  or  carpetings,  shall  be  sub- 
jected to  the  rate  of  duty  herein  imposed  on  carpets  or  carpetings  of  like  character 
or  description;  and  the  duty  on  all  other  mats  not  exclusively  of  vegetable  material, 
screens,  hassocks,  and  rugs,  shall  be  forty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

The  ground  upon  which  they  base  this  claim  is  that  the  carpets  are  "  of  insufficient 
size  to  cover  an  ordinary  room,  and  are  not  portions  of  carpets  and  carpetings." 

You  assessed  the  duty  under  Schedule  K,  paragraph  369,  which  imposes  a  duty  of 
45  cents  per  square  yard  and  30  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  "  Aubusson,  Axminster,  and 
chenille  carpets,  and  carpets  woven  whole  for  rooms."  Conceding  the  claim  made 
by  the  appellants,  that  the  carpets  are  of  insufficient  size  to  cover  a  room  of  ordi- 
nary size,  they  are  not  dutiable  under  paragraph  378,  because  tapestry  Brussels  and 
tapestry  velvet  carpets  are  specially  provided  for  in  paragraphs  372  and  373.  The 
claim  of  the  appellants  is  therefore  rejected.  (6060.) 


Treasury  Department,  December  11 , 1883, 
Woolen  knit  goods. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  24th 
of  October  last,  transmitting  the  appeals  (543  i  and  544  i)  of  the  John  Shillito  Co., 
from  your  decision  assessing  duty  at  the  rate  of  45  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent 
ad  valorem  on  certain  ladies7  jackets  and  cloaks  imported  into  your  port  on  the  22d 
and  24th  of  September  last  (entries  Nos.  1332  and  1343),  which  the  appellants  claim 
to  be  dutiable  according  to  value  per  pound  weight,  under  the  provision  in  Schedule 
K  (T.  L,  new,  363)  for  "knit  goods." 

Upon  an  inspection  of  samples,  it  appears  that  the  articles  are  made  of  a  knitted 
fabric  of  wool,  and  that  they  come  within  the  general  category  of  "  knit  goods," 
which  are  specially  excepted  from  the  provision  (T.  I.,  new,  366  and  367)  for  u  cloth- 
ing, ready-made,"  etc.,  and  "  cloaks,  dolmans,"  etc. 

The  samples  were  also  submitted  to  the  appraiser  at  New  York,  who  reports  that 
it  is  the  practice  at  that  port  to  classify  such  articles  as  u  knit  goods,"  at  a  duty  of 
35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  when  they  cost  over  80  cents  per 
pound. 

The  Department,  therefore,  decides  that  the  appeals  are  well  taken,  and  authorizes 
you  to  reliquidate  the  entries  accordingly.  (6065.) 


Treasury  Department,  December  26, 1883. 

Wools — last  port  of  exportation  to  United  States. — The  Department  is  in 
receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  10th  instant,  in  which  you  review  the  opinion  expressed 
in  its  letter  to  the  Secretary  of  State  of  November  12,  1883  (Synopsis,  6008),  as  to 
the  proper  definition  to  be  given  to  the  term  used  in  the  tariff  imposing  duties  on 
wools  "at  the  last  port  or  place  whence  exported  to  the  United  States,"  where  the 
value  is  to  be  determined  by  which  the  rate  of  duty  is  governed. 

The  question  you  discuss  is,  whether  the  place  where  the  wool  is  placed  on  board 
the  exporting  vessel,  and  from  which  she  sails  to  the  United  States,  is  necessarily 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


127 


the  place  where  the  dutiable  value  is  to  be  determined,  or  whether  the  law  does  not, 
in  using  the  term  "port  or  place,"  admit  of  the  value  being  taken  at  the  interior 
place  of  purchase  or  production,  and  where  its  journey  to  the  United  States  might 
in  some  cases  be  said  to  commence.    You  favor  the  latter  view. 

I  reply  that  the  act  of  March  2,  1867,  which  is  the  foundation  of  the  present  system 
of  tariff  on  wools,  declares  that,  to  determine  the  rate  of  duty  on  the  various  classes 
of  wools,  the  value  shall  be  taken  at  the  last  port  or  place  whence  exported  to  the 
United  States,  excluding  charges  in  such  port.  This  phrase  is  six  times  repeated  in 
section  1  of  said  act. 

The  alternative  form  of  expression,  "  last  port  or  place,"  was  used  so  as  to  dis- 
tinguish the  last  port  or  place  of  shipment  from  any  prior  port  or  place  from  which 
it  might  be  shipped.  The  words  port  or  place  were  used  because  shipments  might 
be  made  in  some  instances  from  places  which  were  not  ports — for  example,  from 
countries  adjacent  to  the  United  States. 

The  same  form  of  expression  was  used  in  Schedule  L  of  the  Revised  Statutes, 
which  reproduced  the  wool  act  of  1867,  and  is  also  maintained  unimpaired  in  Sched- 
ule K  of  the  tariff  of  March  3,  1883. 

It  was  all  the  while  the  value  at  the  last  port  or  place  whence  exported  to  the 
United  States,  excluding  charges  in  such  port,  that  was  to  control. 

The  phrase  "  excluding  charges  in  such  port,"  as  used  in  the  tariff  of  March  3, 
1883,  is  surplusage,  because  the  duty  on  all  charges  as  such,  above  the  value  of 
the  goods,  was  repealed  by  the  same  act. 

With  other  merchandise,  however,  the  rule  by  which  the  rate  of  duty  dependent 
on  value  was  determined  was  different. 

The  seventh  section  of  the  act  of  March  3,  1865,  prescribed  that  in  all  cases  where 
the  rate  of  duty  was  regulated  by  or  directed  to  be  estimated  on  the  value  of  the 
square  yard,  or  of  any  specified  quantity  or  parcel  of  such  merchandise,  the  value 
should  be  determined  according  to  the  actual  market  value  or  wholesale  price  at  the 
period  of  exportation  to  the  United  States,  in  the  principal  markets  of  the  country 
from  which  the  same  should  have  been  imported.  To  this  was  added,  by  section  9 
of  the  act  of  July  28,  1866,  the  cost  of  packing  and  transportation  to  the  exporting 
vessel,  including  other  charges  therein  mentioned.  This  line  of  distinction  has 
been  uniformly  maintained  by  the  Department. 

Now,  the  question  of  packing  and  shipping  charges  no  longer  enters  into  the  case. 
The  duty  on  such  charges  has  been  removed,  and  the  duty  on  wool  is  wholly 
specific. 

The  sole  question  for  the  appraiser  to  determine  is,  what  is  the  market  value  of 
the  wool  per  se  at  the  last  port  or  place  whence  exported  to  the  United  States. 

Wools  produced  in  the  highlands  of  Scotland  and  transported  to  Glasgow,  and 
exported  thence  to  the  United  States,  must  be  valued  at  Glasgow,  because  that  is 
the  last  place  of  exportation.  (6084.) 


Treasury  Department,  January  23, 1884. 
Wool  noils — classification  of. — Referring  to  your  letter  of  the  17th  ultimo, 
inclosing  one  from  Mr.  George  William  Bond,  in  regard  to  the  classification  of  wool 
noils,  and  their  place  in  the  standard  cabinets  of  wool  which  he  is  now  preparing, 
under  directions  from  this  Department,  I  have  to  state  that  by  decision  No.  1404,  of 
February  8, 1873,  it  was  provided  that  noils  which  are  nothing  but  wool,  automatically 
sorted,  were  to  be  classed  as  washed  wools,  and  not  as  scoured  wools.  This  was  owing 
to  the  fact  that  in  the  process  of  arranging  them  for  the  combers  they  had  necessarily 
to  be  oiled  to  a  certain  extent,  which  unfitted  them  to  be  classed  as  scoured  wool. 
The  extracts  which  Mr.  Bond  furnishes  from  his  report  on  the  classification  of  noils 
in  1873  advised  that  noils  of  the  first  and  second  classes  should  be  rated  as  scoured 
wools.    This  view  was  not  sustained  by  the  decision  referred  to.    I  agree  with  him 


128 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


that  the  long  practice  under  this  decision  must  be  assumed  to  have  been  known  to 
the  Tariff  Commission  and  the  lawmakers  when  enacting  the  new  tariff,  and  that  it 
should  be  followed  as  a  rule  of  action.  As  to  noils  from  wools  of  the  third  class,  it 
makes  no  difference  whether  they  are  classed  as  washed  or  unwashed.  The  reasons 
of  the  rule  in  regard  to  noils  from  first  and  second-class  wools,  not  being  classed  as 
scoured  wools,  apply  equally  to  noils  from  wools  of  the  third  class.    (613  3») 


Treasury  Department,  January  23, 1884. 

Mixed  goods— silk  and  wool  cloth. — The  Department  duly  received  your  let- 
ter of  the  29th  of  October  last,  submitting  the  appeal  (672i)  of  Messrs.  Meyer  & 
Dickinson  from  your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  niatelasse*  cloth  imported  in  the  vessels  therein  named. 

It  appears  that  the  goods  are  composed  of  silk  and  wool,  and  that  silk  is  the  chief 
component  of  value  thereof. 

There  are  two  paragraphs  in  the  tariff  which  embrace  these  goods,  viz,  paragraph 
362,  in  Schedule  H,  for  "  all  manufactures  of  wool  of  every  description,  made  wholly 
or  in  part  of  wool,  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for,"  and  that  in  paragraph 
383,  in  Schedule  L,  for  "  all  goods  *  *  *  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided 
for,  *  *  *  made  of  silk,  or  of  which  silk  is  a  component  material  of  chief  value." 
Section  2499  of  the  Revised  Statutes,  as  amended  by  the  act  of  March  3,  1883,  pro- 
vides that  "  on  all  articles  manufactured  from  two  or  more  materials  the  duty  shall 
be  assessed  at  the  highest  rates  at  which  the  component  material  of  chief  value 
*    *    *    may  be  chargeable." 

This  principle  would  make  the  article  under  consideration  dutiable,  under  Sched- 
ule L,  at  50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  as  a  manufacture  of  which  silk  is  the  component 
material  of  chief  value.  Where  this  provision  is  applicable  the  further  provision 
that  "  if  two  or  more  rates  of  duty  should  be  applicable  to  any  imported  article 
it  shall  be  classified  for  duty  under  the  highest  of  such  rates,"  can  not  be  applied, 
because  two  or  more  rates  of  duty  are  not  applicable  to  the  article. 

You  will  therefore  readjust  the  entry  at  the  rate  of  50  per  cent  ad  valorem.  (6134.) 


Treasury  Department,  January  24,  1884. 

Merino  trowsers,  shirts,  hose,  etc. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your 
letters  of  the  14th  instant,  transmitting  the  appeals  (2565i  and  2566i)  of  Lindaner 
Bros.  &  Co.  from  your  decision  assessing  duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and 
40  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  merino  trowsers,  shirts,  hose,  etc.,  imported  into 
your  port  on  the  30th  of  August  last,  which  the  appellants  claim  to  be  dutiable  at 
the  rate  of  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  provision  in  Schedule  I  (T.  I.,  new, 
323)  for  " stockings,  etc.,  composed  wholly  of  cotton,"  etc. 

The  appraiser  reports  that  all  of  the  goods  in  question  consist  of  "knit  goods,"  of 
which  wool  forms  an  important  feature,  costing  over  80  cents  per  pound. 

Referring  to  Schedule  K  (T.  I.,  new,  362),  the  Department  affirms  your  decision. 
(6135.) 


Treasury  Department,  January  24,  1884. 
Lastings. — Under  date  of  May  25,  1883,  a  petition  was  forwarded  to  this  Depart- 
ment, signed  by  Messrs.  H.  B.  Claflin  &  Co.  and  a  large  number  of  other  parties 
connected  with  manufacturing  interests  in  the  United  States,  in  regard  to  the  clas- 
sification of  fabrics  known  as  lastings,  which  are  generally  used  in  the  manufacture 
of  shoes.    It  was  contended  by  these  parties  that  lastings  were  dutiable  under  par- 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


129 


agraph  365  of  Schedule  K,  which  provides  for  "women's  and  children's  dress-goods, 
coat-linings,  Italian  cloths,  and  goods  of  like  description,  composed  in  part  of  wool, 
worsted,  the  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  or  other  animals." 

If  not  dutiable  under  this  provision,  they  fall  into  paragraph  363.  The  question 
is  then  narrowed  down  to  whether  lastings  are  goods  of  like  description  to  Italian 
cloths.  It  is  shown  by  the  papers  that  lastings  are  made  of  heavy  two  fold  worsted 
warps  and  coarse  cotton  weft,  while  Italian  cloths  are  made  of  fine  cotton  waips 
and  fine  single  worsted  wefts,  Italians  being  much  lighter  fabrics  than  lastings. 
Their  uses  are  not  similar,  Italian  cloths  being  used  mainly  for  coat-linings,  while 
lastings  are  for  shoe  purposes,  and  their  quality  is  not  similar. 

To  determine  whether  the  goods  are  of  like  description  to  those  enumerated  in  the 
tariff,  reference  must  be  had  to  some  standard.  In  Butterfield  against  Merritt,  the 
test  whether  certain  goods  were  of  "like  description"  was  chiefly  the  uses  to  which 
they  were  applied.  It  was  also  held  that  the  term  "  goods  of  like  description"  and 
that "  or  for  similar  use"  were  to  be  construed  as  practically  convertible.  In  Stewart 
v.  Maxwell,  16  Howard,  160,  cited  with  approbation  in  Arthur,  collector,  v.  Fox, 
Supreme  Court,  October  term,  1882,  the  court  applied  the  same  test  to  the  similitude 
clause,  section  2499,  Revised  Statutes. 

Upon  these  views  the  Secretary  has  directed  the  classification  of  lastings  under 
paragraph  363  of  Schedule  K,  which  makes  the  duty  dependent  upon  the  value  of 
the  goods  per  pound. 

Action  will  be  taken  accordingly.  (6137.) 


Treasury  Department,  February  IS,  1884. 

Toilet  mats  op  silk,  cotton,  and  worsted.— The  Department  is  in  receipt  of 
your  letter  of  the  1st  instant,  submitting  the  appeal  (3242i)  of  Messrs.  Mandel 
Brothers  from  your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  50  per  cent  ad  valorem  on 
certain  embroidered  mats  imported  by  them  (entry  No.  6178),  November  21,  1883. 

The  appellants  claim  that  the  mats  in  question  are  entitled  to  entry  at  the  rate  of 
40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  as  "  cotton  embroideries,"  under  the  Department's  decision 
of  February  10,  1883  (not  published). 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  mats  are  toilet  or  table  mats  or  squares,  made  of 
silk-faced  velvet  or  plush,  with  a  lining  or  back  of  cotton,  and  a  narrow  worsted 
fringe,  of  trifling  value,  around  the  edge,  and  embroidered  to  a  small  extent  on  the 
surface,  and  that,  in  his  opinion,  silk  is  the  component  of  chief  value. 

From  this  description  of  the  mats,  the  Department  is  of  opinion  that  they  are  not 
entitled  to  entry  as  "  cotton  embroideries,"  and  that  they  were  properly  classified 
as  manufactures  of  which  silk  is  the  component  of  chief  value.  Your  decision  is 
hereby  affirmed. 

The  decision  to  which  the  appellants  refer  is  not  applicable  to  goods  imported 
under  the  act  of  March  3,  1883.    (6 169.) 


Treasury  Department,  March  15, 1884. 

Mourning-bands  for  hats.-— The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the 
15th  of  November  last,  transmitting  the  appeal  (1099i)  of  H.  Tilge  &  Co.  from  youa? 
decision  assessing  duty  at  the  rate  of  50  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem 
on  certain  woollen  bands  imported,  per  Lord  Gough,  May  29,  1883,  which  the  appel- 
lants claim  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  30  per  cent  ad  valorem,  as  "  trimmings  for 
hats"  (T.  I.,  old,  380). 

An  inspection  of  samples  shows  that  the  articles  are  woollen  bands,  which  are 
intended  for  use  as  badges  of  mourning  on  men's  hats. 

H.  Mis.  94  9 


130 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES.  OF  WOOL. 


Mourning-bands  of  this  character  are  not  commercially  known  as  " trimmings"  for 
hats,  and  neither  are  they  materials  which  are  used  in  the  manufacture  of  hats. 
They  are  articles  which  are  bought  and  sold  separately  from  completed  parts,  and 
which  do  not  constitute  a  portion  of  the  materials  necessary  for  the  manufacture  of 
hats. 

In  the  opinion  of  the  Department,  the  claim  of  the  appellants  can  not  be  allowed. 
Your  decision  is  affirmed.  (6243.) 


Treasury  Department,  April  15, 1884. 

Tweed  hats. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  22d  ultimo, 
transmitting  the  appeal  (538(H)  of  D.  P.  Ilsley  &  Co.,  from  your  decision  assessing 
duty  at  the  rate  of  40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  tweed 
hats  imported  per  Samaria,  October  19,  1883,  which  the  appellants  claim  to  be  duti- 
able at  the  rate  of  30  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

These  hats,  as  the  appraiser  states,  are  not  the  "  hats  of  wool 99  or  felt  hats  (see 
Department's  ruling  of  September  1,  1860)  which  are  specified  in  Schedule  K  (T.  I., 
new,  363),  but  consist  of  hats  made  of  a  tweed  cloth.  Hats  of  this  character  and 
hats  of  all  kinds,  except  those  commercially  known  as  "hats  of  wool,"  are  dutiable 
at  the  rate  of  30  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  special  provision  in  Schedule  N  (T. 
I.,  new,  400)  for  "hats  *  *  *  for  men,  women,  and  children,"  etc.,  and  Depart- 
ment's ruling  of  February  27,  1884  (Synopsis,  6197). 

You  will  reliquidate  the  entry  accordingly.  (6299.) 


Treasury  Department,  April  22, 1884. 

Cotton  embroidered  with  worsted. — The  Department  duly  received  your 
letter  of  the  26th  ultimo,  submitting  the  appeal  (5533i)  of  T.  Schulemann  from  your 
decision  assessing  duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem 
on  certain  so-called  "  cotton  embroideries"  imported,  per  Bohemia,  December  20,  1883. 

The  goods  consisted  of  cotton  embroidered  with  worsted,  intended  for  the  manu- 
facture of  shoes,  cushions,  foot  rests,  and  other  like  articles. 

The  appellants  claim  the  proper  rate  of  duty  to  be  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under 
paragraph  325,  which  includes  cotton  embroideries. 

In  the  tariff  found  in  the  Revised  Statutes,  the  provision  for  embroideries  was 
"manufactures  of  cotton,  linen,  or  silk,  if  embroidered  or  tamboured  in  the  loom, 
or  otherwise,  by  machinery  or  with  the  needle  or  other  process,  not  otherwise  pro- 
vided for,  35  per  cent  ad  valorem." 

This  provided  for  manufactures  of  cotton  embroidered,  whether  the  embroidery 
was  done  with  cotton  or  other  materials. 

In  the  act  of  March  3,  1883,  the  provision  is  for  cotton  embroideries. 

The  goods  in  question  are  not  commercially  known  as  cotton  embroideries,  and 
are  not  wholly  of  cotton,  neither  is  the  embroidery  composed  of  cotton. 

It  is  held  that  they  are  not  within  the  provision  for  embroideries,  but  are  dutiable 
under  paragraph  363,  as  manufactures  in  part  of  worsted. 

Your  decision  is  hereby  affirmed.  (6309.) 


Treasury  Department,  April  24, 1884. 
Worsted  laces  for  dress  trimmings. — This  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your 
.letter,  dated  the  18th  instant,  transmitting  the  appeal  (6216i)  of  Messrs.  Meyerheim, 
Martin  &  Co.,  from  your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  30  cents  per  pound  and 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


131 


50  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  so-called  worsted  laces  imported  by  them,  per 
Amerique,  August  13,  1883. 

Duties  were  assessed  under  paragraph  368  (T.  I.,  new),  relating  to  "  dress  trim- 
mings   *  •  *    *    made  of   *    *    *  worsted." 

The  Department  understands  that  the  goods  resemble  worsted  yak  lace,  and  are 
used  for  similar  purposes. 

In  the  case  of  Duden  v.  Arthur  (Synopsis  4360),  tried  in  the  circuit  court  for  the 
southern  district  of  New  York,  the  testimony  showed  that  yak  laces  were  not  con- 
sidered by  importers  and  dealers  generally  in  this  country  as  covered  by  the  term 
"dress  trimmings. "  The  verdict  to  that  effect  was  acquiesced  in  by  the  Depart- 
ment, and  the  principle  should  govern  in  the  present  case. 

The  laces  in  question  are  included  in  the  provision  of  paragraph  362  (T.  I.,  new), 
for  "  all  manufactures  of  every  description  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  worsted," 
and  as  they  are  understood  "to  be  valued  at  above  80  cents  per  pound,"  the  claim  of 
the  appellants,  that  they  are  dutiable  at  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valo- 
rem, is  correct. 

You  will,  therefore,  take  measures  for  a  refund  of  the  duties  levied  in  excess. 
(6311.) 


Treasury  Department,  May  6,  18S4. 

Worsted  and  cotton  coat  linings. — The  Department  duly  received  your  letter 
of  the  26th  of  March,  transmitting  the  appeals  (5434  i,  5435  L  5436  %,  5437  i,  and  5438  i) 
of  H,  Herrman  Sternbach  &  Co.  from  your  assessment  of  duty  on  certain  coat  lin- 
ingsimported  by  them  per  the  vessels  therein  named. 

The  goods  were  made  of  worsted  and  cotton,  and  were  classified  under  paragraph 
365  of  Schedule  K,  at  a  duty  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  the 
concluding  proviso  of  said  schedule  being  held  to  control  the  rate  of  duty  on  the 
goods.  The  appellants  claim,  however,  that  the  proviso  relates  only  to  goods  manu- 
factured wholly  of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  or  other  animals,  and 
hence  does  not  affect  the  classification  of  those  goods. 

The  first  part  of  the  paragraph  relates  to  women's  and  children's  dress  goods,  coat 
linings,  Italian  cloths,  and  goods  of  like  description,  composed  in  part  of  wool, 
worsted,  the  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  or  other  animals. 

After  fixing  duties  on  this  description  of  mixed  goods,  the  paragraph  takes  up 
similar  goods  composed  wholly  of  wool,  worsted,  etc.,  or  of  a  mixture  of  them,  and 
declares  that  all  such  goods  with  selvages  made  wholly  or  in  part  of  other  materials, 
or  with  threads  of  other  materials  introduced  for  the  purpose  of  changing  the  classi- 
fication, shall  be  dutiable  at  9  cents  per  square  yard  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

In  that  connection  the  words  "such  goods"  evidently  refer  to  goods  which  are 
assumed  to  be  wholly  manufactured  of  wool,  worsted,  etc.,  and  not  to  those  named 
in  the  first  part  of  the  paragraph,  which  are  confessedly  made  in  part  of  wool, 
w  orsted,  etc.  The  paragraph  concludes  with  a  proviso  that  all  such  goods  weighing- 
over  4  ounces  to  the  square  yard  shall  pay  a  duty  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent  ad  valorem. 

It  is  the  opinion  of  the  Department  that  the  words  "such  goods"  in  this  connec- 
tion are  confined  to  the  class  of  goods  assumed  to  be  made  wrholly  of  wool,  worsted, 
etc.,  or  of  a  mixture  of  them,  and  paying  duty  as  such,  whether  with  selvage  or 
without,  or  whether  with  or  without  threads  or  other  materials  introduced  for  the 
purpose  of  changing  the  classification;  although,  therefore,  the  goods  in  this  case 
weigh  over  four  ounces  to  the  square  yard,  they  are  dutiable  only  at  the  rate  pro- 
vided in  the  first  part  of  the  paragraph,  according  to  value  per  square  yard.  The 
entry  will  be  readjusted  accordingly.    *    *    *    (6331.)  a 


a  Modified  by  No.  6429. 


132 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL, 


Treasury  Department,  June  28,  1884. 
Cotton  and  wool  gloves. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the 
17th  instant,  transmitting  the  appeal  (8701  i)  of  Parker,  McDonald  &  Bliss  from 
your  decision  assessing  duty  at  the  rate  of  40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad 
valorem  on  certain  cotton  and  wool  gloves  imported  May  20,  1884,  which  the  appel- 
lants claim  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  as  manufactures  of 
cotton. 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  gloves  in  question  are  composed  of  a  cotton  exterior 
and  wool  lining,  the  wool  portion  being  quite  an  important  feature. 

Articles  of  this  character,  manufactured  in  part  of  wool,  and  where  the  wool  por- 
tion is  a  substantial  feature,  are  covered  by  the  provision  in  Schedule  K  (T.  L,  new, 
366)  for  "wearing-apparel,  of  every  description  *  *  *  composed  wholly  or  in  part 
of  wool,"  *  *  *  and  are  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent 
ad  valorem. 

The  claim  of  the  appellants  is  rejected.  (042 §«a) 


Treasury  Department,  June  28,  1884. 
Women's  and  children's  dress-goods. — In  Decision  No.  6331,  of  May  6, 1884,  the 
question  was  discussed  whether  the  concluding  proviso  of  paragraph  365  of  the 
Treasury  edition  of  the  tariff  of  March  3,  1883,  which  requires  dress-goods  weigh- 
ing over  four  ounces  to  the  square  yard  to  pay  a  duty  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40 
per  cent  ad  valorem,  applies  only  to  the  goods  made  wholly  of  wool,  worsted,  etc., 
or  of  a  mixture  of  them,  or  to  all  the  dress-goods  and  other  fabrics  named  in  said 
paragraph  365. 

The  conclusion  arrived  at  was  that  the  proviso  qualified  only  the  goods  made 
wholly  of  wool,  worsted,  etc. 

As  important  interests  were,  however,  involved,  the  Department  decided  to  refer 
the  question  to  the  Attorney-General,  and  the  following  is  his  reply  to  the  request 
of  this  Department  for  his  opinion  on  the  subject. 

In  reply  to  yours  of  the  18th  instant,  I  submit  the  opinion  that  the  expression  "all 
such  goods/'  in  the  proviso  to  a  paragraph  beginning  'women's  and  children's  dress- 
goods'  (act  of  1883,  ch.  121,  Schedule  K,  22  Stats.,  page  509,  3d  paragraph  from  top), 
means  what  the  same  expression  had  meant  immediately  before — that  is,  'all  goods' 
described  throughout  that  paragraph,  and  'weighing  over  four  ounces,'  etc. 

The  Department  yields  to  this  opinion,  and  Decision  No.  6331  is  modified  accord- 
ingly. 


Treasury  Department,  August  6,  1884. 

Gloves  and  hosiery — Knitted  woolen.— This  Department  is  in  receipt  of  the 
letter  of  your  special  deputy,  dated  the  31st  ultimo,  stating  that  it  has  been  the  prac- 
tice at  your  port  to  assess  duty  at  the  rates  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent 
ad  valorem  on  woolen  gloves  and  hosiery  made  on  knitting-frames,  and  inquiring 
whether  the  Department's  decision  of  June  28,  1884,  (synopsis  6428),  fixing  the  rate 
on  such  gloves  at  40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  was  intended  to 
apply  to  all  hosiery  as  well  as  gloves. 

The  inquiry  is  answered  in  the  negative. 

The  "knit  goods  and  all  goods  made  on  knitting-frames,"  mentioned  in  Schedule 
K  (T.  L,  new,  363),  Avill  be  classified  as  heretofore.  The  decision  in  question  related 
only  to  articles  of  the  character  therein  mentioned,  viz  :  To  such  as  "are composed  of 
a  cotton  exterior  and  wool  lining,  the  wool  portion  being  quite  an  important  feature." 


a  See  No.  6513. 


b  Revoked  by  No.  6924. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


133 


As  bearing  upon  the  question,  please  refer  to  the  Department's  decision  of  September 
11,  1879  (synopsis  4194).    (6 5 1 3. a) 


Treasury  Department,  August  W,  1884. 

Byzantine  carpets. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  15th 
nstant  transmitting  the  appeal  (105  k)  of  the  John  Shillito  Company  from  your 
lecision  assessing  duty  at  the  rate  of  30  cents  per  square  yard  and  30  per  cent  ad 
valorem  on  certain  so-called  byzantine  carpets  imported  into  your  port  on  the  21st 
ultimo  which  the  appellants  claim  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  40  per  cent  ad 
valorem  (T.  I.,  new,  378). 

It  appears  from  the  special  report  of  the  appraiser  that  the  carpets  in  question 
are  woolen  carpets,  which  are  woven  in  precisely  the  same  manner  and  of  the  same 
materials  as  Brussels  carpets,  with  the  exception  that  here  and  there,  at  irregular 
intervals,  a  metal  thread  is  introduced,  which,  however,  is  not  of  sufficient  import- 
ance or  character  to  take  them  out  of  the  category  of  Brussels  carpets 

Brussels  carpets  are  specially  provided  for  at  a  duty  of  30  cents  per  square  yard 
and  30  per  cent  ad  valorem  (T.  L,  new,  371),  and  in  the  opinion  of  the  Department 
the  said  carpets  were  properly  classified  as  such. 

The  claim  of  the  appellant  is  rejected.  (6538.) 


Treasury  Department,  November  20,  1884. 

WOOLEN  Yarns. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  7th  instant 
transmitting  appeals  (1941  k  and  1942  k)  of  Messrs.  H.  Taylor  &  Co.  from  your 
assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem, 
under  T.  I.,  new,  362,  on  certain  woolen  yarns  imported  by  them,  per  Illinois,  British 
Princess,  and  British  Prince,  March  21  and  25,  and  April  21, 1884,  and  returned  by  the 
appraiser  as  manufactures  of  wool  not  otherwise  provided  for. 

The  importers  claim  that  the  goods  should  be  classified  as  "woolen  or  worsted 
yarns,"  under  T.  I.,  new,  363,  and  subjected  to  the  rate  of  duty  specified  therein, 
according  to  their  value  per  pound. 

It  appears  from  the  appraiser's  report  in  this  case  that  the  merchandise  in  ques- 
tion "consists  of  different-colored  yarns,  cut  in  lengths  for  the  purpose  of  knitting 
into  mats,"  and  was  not  considered  by  him  as  "woolen  yarn  of  commerce." 

The  distinction  does  not  seem  to  be  well  established,  as  the  woolen  yarn  of  com- 
merce is  of  different  colors,  and  is  cut  in  lengths  or  hanks,  and  intended  for  knitting 
or  other  manufacturing  purposes.  An  inspection  of  the  samples  verifies  this  view. 
The  mere  cutting  of  the  yarn  to  such  lengths  as  the  samples  show  does  not  operate 
to  change  its  character.  It  remains  "woolen  yarn,"  and  as  such  is  specially  pro- 
vided for  in  T.  L,  new,  363. 

This  case  is  closely  analogous  to  appeal  7219  h  from  your  office  (synopsis,  6109), 
in  which  spun-silk  warps  are  held  by  the  Department  to  be  dutiable  as  spun  silk, 
and,  in  accordance  with  the  principles  enunciated  in  that  case,  the  appeals  in  this 
case  are  sustained. 

The  entries  will  be  readjusted  under  the  provisions  of  T.  I.,  new,  363,  and  the  nec- 
essary steps  taken  to  refund  the  excess  of  duty  exacted.  (6049.) 

a  The  Department  is  of  opinion  that  the  gloves  lined  with  flannel  should  be  classified  for  duty  under 
the  provision  in  Schedule  L  for  "wearing  apparel  of- every  description,  *  *  *  and  composed 
wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  *  *  *  made  up  or  manufactured,  wholly  or  in  part,  by  the  tailor,  seam- 
stress, or  manufacturer,"  at  the  rate  of  50  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem." 

The  cotton  gloves  lined  with  leather  are  not  leather  gloves  within  the  terms  of  the  law  above  quo- 
ted, hut  are  entitled  to  entry  at  the  rate  of  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  provision  in  Schedule  M 
for  "articles  worn  by  men,  women,  or  children,  of  whatever  material  composed,  except  silk  and  linen, 
made  up  or  made  wholly  or  in  part  by  hand,  not  otherwise  provided  for."   (4194— September  11,  1879.) 


134 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Treasury  Department,  November  21,  1884. 

Cloaks  partly  composed  of  wool. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter 
of  the  12th  instant,  transmitting  the  appeal  (2011  k)  of  Benjamin  &  Caspary  from 
your  decision  assessing  duty  at  the  rate  of  45  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad 
valorem  on  certain  so-called  silk  and  worsted  cloaks  imported,  per  Elbe,  August  27, 
1883,  which  the  appellants  claim  to  he  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  50  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

It  is  understood  from  the  report  of  the  appraiser  that  the  cloaks  are  made  of 
matelasse'  cloth,  which  is  a  fabric  composed  of  silk,  wool,  or  worsted  and  cotton,  and 
that  they  were  returned  by  him  as  "  wool  cloaks." 

"  Cloaks  *  *  *  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  worsted,"  etc.,  are 
specially  provided  for  (T.  I.,  new,  367)  at  the  rate  of  duty  assessed  by  you,  and,  in 
the  opinion  of  the  Department,  this  provision  governs  without  regard  to  the  quantity 
of  wool  or  worsted  which  may  be  contained  in  the  fabric  from  which  the  cloaks  are 
manufactured,  provided,  of  course,  it  is  an  appreciable  quantity. 

Your  decision  is  therefore  affirmed. 

The  appraiser's  attention  should  be  directed  to  the  fact  that  there  is  no  special 
provision  in  the  existing  tariff  for  "silk  wearing-apparel."  (6653.) 


Treasury  Department,  January  3,  1885. 

Mohair  noils. — The  Department  duly  received  your  letter  of  the  15th  ultimo, 
submitting  the  appeal  (3152  k)jdf  Messrs.  Chadwick  &  Chadwick  from  yonr  assess- 
ment of  duty  at  the  rate  of  10  cents  per  pound  on  certain  mohair  noils  imported  by 
them  from  Liverpool,  per  steamer  Virginia,  November  3,  1884. 

The  appellants  claim  that  the  merchandise  should  be  classed  as  third-class  wool  or 
carpet  stock,  presumably  under  decision  5743,  of  June  2,  1883,  while  the  apnraiser 
returned  it  as  second-class  wool,  dutiable  under  Schedule  K,  at  the  rate  assessed,  a 

The  decision  referred  to  mohair  noils,  consisting  of  short  hairs  combed  from  the 
long  hairs  of  the  Angora  goat,  said  not  to  have  been  fit  for  combing  purposes,  and 
to  be  scarcely  suitable  for  anything  but  carpet  stock,  and  it  was  held  that,  "  con- 
sidering the  uses  to  which  the  article  covered  by  this  appeal  is  available,  and  to 
which  it  is  undoubtedly  intended  to  be  put,  its  proper  place  in  the  tariff  is  with 

«From  the  report  of  tlie  appraiser  it  appears  that  the  merchandise  in  question  consisted  of  short 
hairs,  combed  from  the  long  hairs  of  the  Angora  goat. 

It  is  not  fit  for  combing  purposes,  and  is  said  to  he  scarcely  suitable  for  anything  but  "carpet 
stock."  The  appellant  claims  that  the  proper  rate  of  duty  is  3  cents  per  pound,  under  that  clause  in 
Schedule  L  which  imposes  that  rate  of  duty  on  carpet  wool  and  other  similar  wools,  when  of  the 
value  of  12  cents  per  pound  or  less.  Schedule  L  places  all  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  or  other  like 
animals  with  combing  wools,  upon  which  duties  accrue  at  the  rate  assessed  by  you.  The  opinion  of 
those  most  conversant  with  the  ideas  upon  which  the  tariff  found  in  Schedule  L  rests,  and  its  practi- 
cal operation  since  the  passage  of  the  wool  tariff  in  18G7,  is,  that  the  paragraph  specifying  class  2  was 
intended  to  apply  only  to  such  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  or  other  like  animals  as  is  lit  for  combing 
purposes. 

That  that  provision  was  not  intended  to  cover  all  hair  of  the  goat,  etc.,  is  shown  by  decision  No. 
4108,  of  July  23,  1879,  which  holds  that  certain  hair  cut  from  the  beard  of  the  ordinary  white  goat, 
and  intended  for  the  manufacture  of  brushes,  was  not  dutiable  under  Schedule  L. 

The  characteristics  of  some  descriptions  of  goats'  hair  are  so  nearly  like  those  of  wool  that  customs 
officers  have,  at  times,  found  it  difficult  to  decide  whether  it  was  goats'  hair  or  came  from  the  sheep; 
and  in  such  cases  it  has  been  generally  classed  with  the  class  of  wool  which  it  most  nearly  resembles, 
especially  as  regards  its  uses. 

Considering  the  uses  to  which  the  article  covered  by  this  appeal  is  available,  and  to  Avhich  it  is 
undoubtedly  intended  to  be  put,  its  proper  place  in  the  tariff  is  with  carpet  wools,  and  not  being 
otherwise  provided  for  in  Schedule  L,  it  shouM  pay  the  duty  therein  imposed  on  carpet  wools. 

It  can  not  be  classed  under  the  provision  in  Schedule  M,  which  imposes  a  duty  of  10  per  cent  ad 
valorem  on  hair  of  all  kinds,  cleaned,  but  unmanufactured,  not  otherwise  provided  for,  because 
Schedule  L  in  its  first  clause  expressly  provided  that  "all  wools;  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  and  other 
like  animals  shall  be  divided  for  the  purpose  of  fixing  the  duties  to  be  charged  thereon  into  the  three 
following  classes,"  and  this  must  be  held  to  include  all  such  products  as  are  fit  for  combing  or 
weaving.  (5743— June  2,  1883.) 


"WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


135 


carpet-wools,  and,  not  being  otherwise  provided  for  in  Schedule  L,  it  should  pay 
the  duty  therein  imposed  on  carpet  wools." 

This  ruling  was  made  on  the  evidence  presented  as  to  the  uses  for  which  the  article 
was  fit,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  class  2,  Schedule  Kj  comprises  all  hair  of  the 
alpaca,  goat,  and  other  like  animals,  which  was  held,  however,  by  said  decision  to 
embrace  the  hair  of  such  animals  only  when  fit  for  combing  purposes. 

As  to  the  merchandise  covered  by  the  present  appeal,  the  appraiser  reports  as  fol- 
lows :  "  The  article  in  question  is  used  by  the  importers  in  the  manufacture  of  plush, 
imitations  of  seal-skins,  astracan,  and  other  similar  goods,  for  ladies'  cloakings  and 
trimmings.  It  is  not  the  mohair  noils,  short,  and  fit  only  for  carpets,  subject  of 
Department's  decision  5743.  As  shown  by  the  above,  it  is  fit  for  combing  purposes, 
and,  being  produced  from  mohair,  is,  in  my  opinion,  dutiable  under  T.  I.,  354,  which 
provides  for  all  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  and  other  like  animals/' 

Your  assessment  of  duty  as  stated  is  hereby  affirmed. 

It  is  deemed  proper  to  add  that  the  report  of  the  commission  which  examined  the 
wool  samples  prepared  by  Mr.  Geo.  Wm.  Bond  recommended  that  all  mohair  noils 
should  be  placed  with  class  2,  and  the  samples  were  arranged  in  the  cabinets 
accordingly. 

Upon  due  consideration,  however,  I  decide  not  to  disturb  decision  5743,  which 
places  mohair  noils  under  class  3  when  fit  only  for  use  as  carpet  stock.  When  such 
noils  are  fit  for  other  purposes,  they  will  be  placed  under  class  2. 

The  assignment  of  the  samples  in  the  cabinets  will  be  understood  accordingly* 
(670T.) 


Treasury  Department,  January  13,  1885. 

Woollen  bonnets. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  the  appeals  hereinafter  men- 
tioned from  your  decision  assessing  duty  at  the  per  pound  and  ad  valorem  rates 
according  to  value  per  pound  weight  on  certain  so-called  Scotch  bonnets,  which  the 
appellants  claim  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  30  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  pro- 
vision in  Schedule  N  (T.  I.,  new,  400)  for  "bonnets,  hats,  and  hoods  for  men,  women, 
and  children,  and  composed  of  *  *  *  other  material  not  specially  enumerated  or 
provided  for  in  this  act." 

It  appears  that  the  q;oods  consist  of  woollen  caps,  which  are  partly  woven  and 
partly  knitted,  of  the  same  character  as  those  which  by  Department's  rulings  of 
July  25  and  October  31  last  (not  published)  were  held  to  be  neither  the  " bonnets," 
"hats,"  nor  " hoods"  which  are  covered  by  the  paragraph  before  cited. 

The  goods  were  dutiable  under  Schedule  K,  and  the  claim  of  the  appellants  is 
therefore  rejected.  (6718.) 


Treasury  Department,  February  14, 1885. 

Shawls. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  25th  of  November 
last,  submitting  th«  appeal  (2196  k)  of  James  P.  Farrell  from  your  assessment  of 
duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  on  certain  shawls 
imported,  per  Britannic,  February  4,  1884. 

A  portion  of  the  shawls  in  question  were  worsted  shawls,  which  were  dutiable, 
under  decision  5903,  of  September  17,  1883,  and  paragraph  366  of  Schedule  K,  at  40 
cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem.  The  entry  will  be  readjusted  at  that 
rate.  The  remainder  of  the  goods  are  silk  and  worsted  shawls,  having  silk  as  a 
component  of  chief  value.  If  they  be  considered  worsted  shawls,  they  are  dutiable 
under  paragraph  366,  but  if  they  be  considered  as  manufactures  of  silk,  or  of  which 
silk  is  a  component  of  chief  value,  they  would  be  dutiable  at  50  per  cent  ad  valorem, 
under  paragraph  383  of  Schedule  L. 

Section  2499  of  the  Revised  Statutes,  as  found  in  the  act  of  March  3,  1883,  declares 
that  if  two  or  more  rates  of  duty  shall  be  applicable  to  any  imported  article,  it  shall 
be  classified  for  duty  under  the  highest  of  such  rates.    That  provision  controls  in 


136 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


this  case,  and  as  the  duty  of  50  per  cent  ad  valorem  is  understood  to  be  higher  than 
that  imposed  by  the  wool  tariff,  it  follows  that  the  articles  are  dutiable  at  50  per 
cent  ad  valorem.   The  entry  will  be  readjusted  accordingly.  (6"766.) 


Treasury  Department,  February  19, 1885. 

Woolen  turbans. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  14th 
instant,  submitting  the  appeal  (7883  h)  of  Mr.  Daniel  D.  Youmans  from  your  assess- 
ment of  duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain 
turbans  imported  by  him,  per  America,  September  27, 1884,  and  claimed  to  be  entitled 
to  entry  at  the  rate  of  30  per  cent  ad  valorem  under  the  provision  in  the  act  of  March 
3,  1883  (T.  I.,  new,  400),  for  "hats  for  men,  women,  and  children,  composed  of  chip, 
grass,    *    *    *    or  other  material." 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  articles  are  worsted  caps  of  a  peculiar  shape, 
known  as  turbans,  and  that  they  were  classified  under  the  provision  in  said  act 
(T.  I,  new,  363)  for  "hats  of  wool." 

The  Department  is  of  opinion  that  such  classification  is  correct,  and  your  decision 
is  hereby  affirmed.  (Of^O.) 


Treasury  Department,  April  24, 1885. 
Articles  assignable  to  either  of  two  classes  dutiable  under  that  im- 
posing the  highest  rate  of  duty. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter 
of  the  3d  instant,  submitting  the  appeal  (9324  k)  of  Messrs  H.  Herrman,  Sternbach 
&  Co.  from  your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  merchandise  imported  by  them,  per  Arizona,  July  21, 
1884. 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  goods  in  question  are  composed  of  goat's  hair,  cot- 
ton, and  silk,  silk  being  the  component  material  of  chief  value,  and  that  under  the 
Department's  decision  of  January  23, 1884  (Synopsis,  6134),  they  are  entitled  to  entry 
at  the  rate  of  50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  as  claimed  by  the  appellants. 

Paragraph  365,  Schedule  K,  imposes  duties  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40 
per  cent  ad  valorem  on  all  manufactures  composed  in  part  of  the  hair  of  the  alpaca, 
goat,  or  other  animals,  when  weighing  over  4  ounces  per  square  yard.  These  goods 
fulfill  those  conditions.  They  are  also  goods  of  which  silk  is  the  component  of  chief 
value,  and  so  meet  the  requirements  of  Schedule  L. 

The  appellants  claim  that  the  goods  are  duitable,  under  Schedule  L,  at  50  per  cent 
ad  valorem,  which  rate  is  therefore  understood  to  be  less  than  that  assessed  by  you 
under  Schedule  K.  Under  the  principle  laid  down  in  decision  6766,  these  goods  are 
dutiable  under  the  schedule  yielding  the  highest  rate  of  duty,  as  prescribed  by  cec- 
tion  2499,  which  was  the  rate  assessed  by  you. 

Your  decision  is  affirmed. 

Your  assessment  of  duty  on  the  appraised  value  of  Italian  cloths  and  cotton  vel- 
vets contained  in  said  importation,  which  included  the  cost  of  making  up  tillots, 
cartons,  etc.,  which  were  necessary  to  place  them  in  the  condition  in  which  they 
are  usually  held  for  sale  in  the  foreign  markets,  being  in  accordance  with  the 
Department's  decisions  of  February  20,  1884  (Synopsis,  6185),  and  August  6,  1884 
(Synopsis,  6514),  is  also  affirmed.  (6875.) 


Treasury  Department,  April  18,  1885. 
Cloaks  of  wool  and  fur — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the 
1st  instant,  transmitting  the  appeal  (9285  fc)  of  Mr.  M.  Stern  from  your  assessment  of 
duty  at  the  rate  of  45  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  so-called 
"fur  cloaks"  imported,  per  Germanic,  November  16,  1883,  returned  by  the  appraiser 
at  your  port  as  "  wool  cloaks"  (T.  I.,  new,  367),  and  claimed  by  the  appellant  to  be 
dutiable  as  "manufactures  of  fur,"  at  30  per  cent  ad  valorem  (T.  I.,  new,  435). 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


137 


The  appraiser  reports  that  the  goods  in  question  are  worsted  cloaks,  lined  with 
fur,  and  that  fur  is,  without  doubt,  the  component  material  of  chief  value. 

The  appellant  claims  that  the  value  of  the  wool  in  these  articles  is  only  about 
one- tenth  of  the  value  of  the  entire  cloak. 

Under  Department's  decision  of  November  21, 1884  (Synopsis,  6653),  paragraph  367, 
T.  I.,  new,  which  provides  for  " cloaks  *  *  *  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of 
wool,"  etc.,  governs  in  such  cases  without  regard  to  the  quantity  of  wool  contained,  pro- 
vided it  is  an  appreciable  quantity. 

The  question  of  the  comparative  value  of  the  wool  and  other  component  materials 
is  equally  immaterial. 

The  entire  outside  of  the  garments  is  wool.  It  is  certainly  an  appreciable  quantity. 

They  are,  therefore,  dutiable  under  the  paragraph  cited,  and  your  assessment 
thereunder,  in  accordance  with  the  above  decision,  is  hereby  affirmed.  (6862.) 


Treasury  Department,  April  29,  1885. 

u  Wool  waste  "  classified  as  scoured  wool. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of 
your  letter  of  the  17th  instant,  transmitting  the  appeal  (9693  k)  of  the  Hockanum 
Company,  by  George  Maxwell,  treasurer,  from  your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate 
of  30  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  so-called  wool  waste  imported,  per  Roman,  Jan- 
nary  28,  1885,  and  returned  by  the  appraiser  as  scoured  wool,  dutiable  under  T.  I., 
new,  356  and  357,  and  Department's  decision  of  July  13,  1883  (Synopsis,  5820).  (a) 

It  appears  from  the  appraiser's  report  that  the  merchandise  in  question  is  composed 
of  about  50  per  cent  of  broken  tops,  laps,  and  slubbings,  the  balance  being  fine 
rovings,  with  a  very  small  percentage  of  spinner's  waste  in  it;  that  the  noil  has  all 
been  combed  out,  leaving  this  the  "  cream"  of  the  wool,  and  that  the  best  part  of 
it  can  be  recombed  to  a  "top"  without  2  per  cent  waste;  also,  that  it  has  been 
thoroughly  scoured. 

a  The  article  appears  to  be  produced  in  the  following  manner,  viz :  In  drawing  the  wool  for  spin- 
ning, on  passing  the  last  drawing  machine  the  wool  is  wound  on  a  spool  or  ball  and  thence  onto  the 
spindles.  That  portion  remaining  on  the  spool  or  hall  which  will  not  unwind  is  torn  off,  and  is 
called  'k  slubbings,"  and  is  the  article  covered  by  this  appeal. 

It  came  from  wool  which  had  been  scoured,  and  duty  was  assessed  upon  it  at  the  rate  imposed  by 
law  on  scoured  wools  of  class  1,  valued  at  less  than  32  cents  per  pound  when  un cleaned,  under 
Schedule  L  of  the  tariff  of  1874.    (T.  I,,  old,  233  and  234.) 

The  appellants  claim  that  the  article  is  wool  waste,  dutiable  under  the  following  clause  in  Schedule 
L:  "Woolen  rags,  shoddy,  mungo,  waste,  and  flocks,  12  cents  a  pound."    (T.  I.,  old,  241.) 

The  first  inquiry  is  what  description  or  condition  of  wool  is  meant  by  the  "woolen  waste  "  used  in 
the  tariff.  One  of  the  definitions  given  by  Worcester  to  the  term  waste  is  "  something  of  little  or  no 
account  or  value,  as  the  refuse  of  cotton  or  silk." 

There  is  an  article  known  in  the  trade  as  wool  |  waste  which  is  the  product  of  the  first  combing, 
noils  being  the  product  of  the  last  combing.  It  is  worth  from  12  to  15  cents  a  pound  less  than  the 
wool  from  which  it  comes.  The  waste  from  wool  resulting  from  the  various  processes  of  manufacture 
is  known  by  the  various  names  of  card  waste,  spinning  waste,  thread  waste,  etc.  This  description  of 
waste  is  sometimes  sold  as  it  comes  from  the  mill,  and  sometimes  after  it  has  undergone  the  so-called 
"  opening  "  process,  and  it  appears  to  have  been  imported  for  the  past  twenty-five  years. 

The  article  covered  by  this  appeal  is  much  more  valuable  than  that  before  described,  and  can  he 
used  as  wool,  either  with  other  wool  or  by  itself,  requiring  only  to  be  put  through  the  preparers,  etc. 
It  is  more  valuable  than  noils  from  the  same  wool,  which,  by  Decision  1404,  are  subject  to  duty  as  wool. 

Upon  these  facts,  the  Department  is  of  opinion  that  the  article  under  consideration  is  not  "  woolen 
waste  "  within, the  meaning  of  the  tariff  law,  and  hence  the  claim  of  the  appellants  is  rejected  and 
your  decision  affirmed. 

For  your  guidance  in  other  like  cases,  the  Department  has  to  state  that,  following  the  principle 
laid  down  in  the  decision  above  cited,  this  article  must  pay  the  same  duty  as  the  wool  from  which  it 
came.  The  only  other  question  is  whether  it  shall  be  classed  as  washed  or  scoured  wool.  The  sample 
submitted  appears  to  have  been  partially  scoured,  but  not  at  all  thoroughly.  Upon  boiling  a  sample 
it  was  found  that  the  grease  was  about  8  per  cent  of  the  material.  The  Department  is  inclined  to  the 
opinion  that  its  true  classification  is  as  washed  wool  of  the  first  class,  dutiable  at  20  cents  a  pound 
and  22  per  cent  ad  valorem.  A  definite  decision,  however,  will  only  be  made  on  that  point  wnen  a 
case  shall  be  presented  in  which  the  rate  of  duty  shall  be  claimed  in  the  protest.  (5820— July  13, 1883.) 


138 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


It  is  understood  that  in  importations  of  wool  waste  there  are  always  small  quan- 
tities of  laps  and  rovings  mixed  in,  which  manufacturers  do  not  take  the  trouble  to 
remove;  hut  from  an  inspection  of  the  samples  submitted,  of  the  present  and  other 
importations  by  the  appellants,  it  is  apparent  that  in  this  instance  the  percentage 
of  tops,  laps,  and  rovings  is  largely  in  excess  of  that  found  in  the  other  cases,  and 
that  it  composes  the  greater  portion  of  the  importation  in  question. 

The  presence  of  a  small  percentage  of  spinners'  waste  can  not  be  allowed  to  change 
the  rate  of  duty  otherwise  applicable  to  merchandise  of  this  character,  which,  under 
the  decision  cited  (synopsis  5820),  must  pay  the  same  duty  as  the  wool  from  which 
it  came. 

The  appraiser  reports  that  unwashed  Australian  wool  of  the  quality  of  this  stock 
would  cost  in  England  14  pence,  or  about  28  cents  per  pound.  This,  under  para- 
graph 357,  T.  I.,  new,  would  be  dutiable  at  10  cents  per  pound;  but  having  been 
scoured,  as  already  stated,  it  becomes  liable,  under  T.  I.,  new,  356,  to  three  times 
that  rate,  or  30  cents  per  pound,  and  your  assessment  of  duty  in  accordance  there- 
with is  hereby  affirmed.    (68 §4.) 


Treasury  Department,  May  19, 1885. 

Worsted  dress  goods. — In  the  case  of  Ellison  ei  al.  v.  Hartranft,  recently  decided 
in  the  U.  S.  circuit  court  for  the  eastern  district  of  Pennsylvania,  which  involved  the 
question  of  duties  upon  dress  goods  made  in  part  of  worsted  and  weighing  over  4 
ounces  to  the  square  yard,  a  verdict  was  rendered  in  favor  of  the  plaintiffs. 

The  question  involved  in  the  case  was  whether  the  proviso  iu  paragraph  365,  act 
of  March  3, 1883,  which  specifies  that  "all  such  goods  weighing  over  4  ounces  per 
square  yard  shall  pay  a  duty  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem/7 
" relates  to  the  women's  and  children's  dress  goods,  coat  linings,  Italian  cloths,  and 
goods  of  like  description,  composed  in  part  of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  alpaca, 
goat,  or  other  animals,"  mentioned  in  the  beginning  of  said  paragraph. 

This  question  was  decided  in  the  negative  and  judgment  rendered  for  the  plaintiffs. 

The  Attorney-General  having  certified  that  no  writ  of  error  will  be  sued  out  the 
Department  acquiesces  in  the  finding  of  the  court. 

You  are  therefore  authorized  to  take  the  necessary  steps  for  the  settlement  of  the 
judgment  in  the  suit,  and  for  the  discontinuance  of  all  other  similar  suits  now 
pending  at  your  port  covering  goods  of  this  character,  where  the  provisions  of  sec- 
tion 2931,  Eevised  Statutes,  have  been  fully  complied  with,  by  reclassifying  the 
goods  and  forwarding  certified  statements  for  a  refund  of  the  excessive  duties,  with 
legal  interest  and  costs. 

This  decision  will  be  accepted  as  a  rule  of  action  in  such  cases,  and  revokes  the 
ruling  of  June  28,  1884.  (Synopsis,  6429.)  (6924.) 


Treasury  Department,  May  21,  1885. 

Woolen  goods — Reappraisement  basis  for  duties. — The  Department  is  in 
receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  18th  instant,  reporting  on  the  appeal  (9896  h)  of  Fred. 
Victor  &  Ache!  is  from  your  decision  assessing  duty  on  the  reappraised  value  of 
certain  woolen  goods  imported,  per  RJiynland,  March  14,  1885. 

It  appears  that  duty  was  assessed  on  the  value,  which  was  found  by  you  on  reap- 
praisement  under  article  470  of  the  Regulations,  the  merchant  and  general  appraiser 
having  made  separate  reports  of  value,  and  that  the  appellants  now  claim  that  the 
reappraisement  should  be  reopened  because  the  merchant  appraiser  has,  since  filing 
his  return,  requested  the  recall  of  the  invoice  for  reconsideration. 

You  state  that  the  request  of  the  merchant  appraiser  was  not  received  by  you 
until  long  after  you  had  acted  on  the  case  and  had  rendered  your  decision  under  the 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


139 


requirements  of  the  said  article  470  of  the  Eegulations;  that  the  proceedings  on  the 
appraisement  and  reappraisement  were  regular  and  in  due  form,  and  that  in  deter- 
mining the  question  of  dutiable  value  as  between  the  general  appraiser  and  the 
merchant  appraiser  you  concurred  with  the  views  of  the  latter. 

In  this  case  the  reappraisement  was  rendered  complete  by  the  filing  of  your  deci- 
sion, and  in  the  opinion  of  the  Department  the  same  can  not  be  reopened  except  upon 
it  being  made  to  appear  that  irregularities  occurred  in  the  proceedings  or  that  cleri- 
cal errors  are  manifest  in  the  returns.  After  completion  of  a  reappraisement  it  can 
not  be  reopened  at  the  mere  request  of  the  merchant  who  acted  as  appraiser,  for  his 
functions  as  such  appraiser  ceased  upon  the  rendering  and  acceptance  of  his  report 
of  value. 

No  in  egularities  or  clerical  errors  having  occurred,  the  Department  decides  that 
the  reappraisement  in  this  case  is  final  and  conclusive,  under  the  pro\isions  of  sec- 
tion 2930,  Revised  Statutes. 

The  claim  of  the  appellants  is  therefore  rejected.  (6930o) 


Treasury  Department,  June  1,  1885. 
Paintings  on  worsted. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  18th 
ultimo,  transmitting  the  appeal  (555  I)  of  Messrs.  Ferdinand  Bing  &  Co.  from  your 
assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  on 
certain  so-called  "paintings  on  worsted"  imported,  per  Normandie,  October  7,  1884, 
and  returned  by  the  appraiser  at  your  port  as  manufactures  of  wool  and  worsted, 
valued  at  over  80  cents  a  pound,  and  dutiable  under  T.  L,  new,  362. 

The  appellants  claim  that  the  articles  are'  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  30  per  cent  ad 
valorem,  as  paintings,  under  T.  I.,  new,  470. 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  merchandise  consists  of  manufactures  of  wool  and 
worsted  in  the  form  of  panels  or  screens,  with  paintings  thereon. 

The  Department  is  of  the  opinion  that  such  articles  are  not  paintings  within  the 
meaning  of  the  paragraph,  but  are  manufactures  of  wool  and  worsted,  and  do  not 
lose  their  character  as  such  by  being  painted  upon  for  purposes  of  ornamentation. 

Your  assessment  of  duty  is  accordingly  affirmed.  (6917.) 


Treasury  Department,  June  3,  1885. 

Woolen  and  cotton  umbrella  cloths.— The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your 
letters  of  the  6th  and  11th  ultimo,  submitting  the  appeals  (9977  k  and  71 1)  of 
Matthew  Binney's  Sons  from  your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per 
pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  umbrella  cloths,  composed  of  worsted 
and  cotton,  imported  by  them,  per  Ceplialonia,  April  23,  and  Pavonia,  March  4, 1885. 

The  appellants  claim  that  the  goods  in  question  are  Italian  cloths,  and  entitled  to 
entry  at  the  rate  of  7  cents  per  square  yard  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

Upon  investigation  it  is  found  that  the  goods  are  composed  of  the  same  materials 
(worsted  and  cotton)  as  Italian  cloths,  but  that  they  differ  from  such  cloths  in 
having  stripes  or  borders  woven  at  the  sides,  which  render  them  fit  exclusively  for 
the  manufacture  of  umbrellas. 

The  provision  of  law  (T.  L,  new,  365)  imposing  duty  on  Italian  cloths  embraces 
also  "  goods  of  like  description,"  but  the  Department  concurs  with  the  appraiser  in 
the  opinion  that  the  merchandise  in  question,  being  commercially  known  as 
"  umbrella  cloth/'  does  not  come  within  the  scope  of  that  provision,  the  more 
especially  so  as  it  differs  in  an  essential  point  from  Italian  cloths,  viz,  in  having  a 
border  which  is  woven  in  the  fabric,  by  reason  of  which  it  is  unfit  for  the  uses  to 
which  Italian  cloths  are  put.  (6951.) 


140 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Treasury  Department,  June  27, 1885. 
MonAiR  noils. — The  Department's  attention  has  been  called  to  an  importation 
into  your  port  of  20  hales  of  mohair  noils,  per  British  Crown,  June  9,  1885,  which 
was  made  by  George  H.  Patton  &  Co.,  and  subjected  to  a  duty  of  2\  cents  per  pound 
as  third-class  wool. 

It  is  represented  that  the  mohair  noils  in  question  are  similar  to  those  which  were 
the  subject  of  decision  6707,  and  that  they  are  composed  of  long  staples,  and  are 
capable  of  being  used  in  the  manufacture  of  various  fabrics  other  than  carpets.  An 
inspection  of  samples  affirms  the  correctness  of  these  representations. 

The  merchandise,  however,  is  not  third-class  wool,  but  hair  of  the  goat,  which  is 
specially  provided  for  in  Schedule  K.    (T.  I.,  new,  358.) 

Referring,  therefore,  to  Department's  instructions  to  you  of  this  date,  on  the  appeals 
(1531  I  and  1532  I)  of  John  and  James  Dobson,  you  are  directed  to  reliquidate  the 
entry  of  the  said  mohair  noils,  by  classifying  them  under  the  provision  of  the  tariff 
above  mentioned,  specially  applicable  thereto,  and  to  take  the  necessary  steps  for 
collecting  the  duties  still  due  the  Government.  (6998.) 


Treasury  Department,  June  27, 1885. 

Cashmere-goat  hair. — The  Department  duly  received  your  letter  of  the  6th 
instant,  transmitting  the  appeals  (1531 1  and  1532  Z)  of  Messrs.  John  and  James 
Dobson  from  your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  10  cents  per  pound  on  two 
importations  of  so-called  "gray  China  wool,"  per  British  Prince  and  British  Crown, 
April  15  and  30,  1885. 

The  merchandise  was  returned  by  the  appraiser  as  "  China  Cashmere-goat  hair," 
and  was  classified  under  the  provisions  (T.  I.,  new,  358)  of  Schedule  K,  act  of  March 
3,  1883,  for  wools  of  the  second  class,  of  value  under  30  cents  per  pound. 

The  appellants  claim  that  the  merchandise  is  wool  of  the  third  class,  valued  at 
over  12  cents  per  pound,  entitled  to  entry  at  the  rate  of  5  cents  per  pound  under  the 
provisions  (T.  I.,  new,  359)  of  Schedule  K,  and  they  contend  that,  if  the  classification 
as  "China  Cashmere-goat  hair"  was  technically  correct,  the  proper  rate  of  duty 
would  be  5  cents  per  pound,  for  the  reason  that  the  article  is  not  suitable  for  comb- 
ing purposes,  and  can  only  be  used  as  carpet  wool,  therefore  should  be  admitted 
under  the  Department's  decision  (Synopsis,  5743)  of  June  2,  1883,  wherein  it  was 
held  that  certain  mohair  noils,  consisting  of  short  hairs,  combed  from  the  long  hairs 
of  the  Angora  goat,  were  entitled  to  entry  under  the  provisions  for  wool  of  class  3 
as  unfit  for  combing  purposes,  and  intended  and  available  only  for  use  in  making 
carpets. 

From  the  appraiser's  special  report  accompanying  your  letter  it  appears  that  the 
merchandise  was  sold  at  the  London  wool  sales  in  January,  1885,  as  "  Cashmere-goat 
hair,"  from  which  fact,  and  from  the  opinion  of  the  best  judges  of  wools  at  Philadel- 
phia, to  whom  samples  were  submitted,  there  can  be  no  doubt  but  that  the  merchan- 
dise is  what  is  kijLPwn  to  commerce  as  u  Cashmere-goat  hair,"  and  is  not  the  article 
known  commercially  as  China  wool.  It  has  apparently  been  taken  from  the  skins 
of  slain  kids,  and  is  a  short  and  very  fine  staple,  but  filled  with  coarse  hairs,  which 
detract  largely  from  its  value. 

The  appraiser  at  Boston,  and  the  wool  expert  in  his  office,  report  that  the  mer- 
chandise "is  unquestionably  China  Cashmere-goat  hair,  known  commercially  as 
such;"  that  Cashmere-goat  hair  can  be  and  is  combed  in  England  and  America; 
that  it  is  not  used  by  carpet  manufacturers,  but  by  manufacturers  of  ladies'  dress- 
goods,  etc.,  in  which  use  the  presence  of  the  long,  coarser  hairs  in  the  cloth  adds  to 
its  value  by  showing  from  what  materials  it  is  made.  It  also  appears  that  the  sam- 
ple of  the  merchandise  submitted  corresponds  with  sample  (No.  53)  of  Cashmere- 
goat  hair,  class  2,  in  the  cabinet  of  standard  samples,  prepared  by  Mr.  George 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


141 


William  Bond,  and  accepted  by  the  Department,  and  is  markedly  different  from  the 
samples  of  "  China  wool,"  class  3,  in  that  cabinet  of  standard  samples. 

It  is  plain,  from  all  the  evidence  before  the  Department,  that  the  merchandise  is 
Cashmere-goat  hair,  commercially  known,  and  not  China  wool. 

The  appellants  rely  upon  the  Department's  decision  (Synopsis,  5743)  of  June  2, 
1883,  which  accords  with  an  unpublished  letter  of  this  Department,  addressed  to  you 
under  date  of  September  14,  1883,  in  which  it  was  decided  that  certain  56  bales  of 
"  Cashmere-goat  hair"  entered  by  them  as  "East  India  carpet  wool,"  class  3,  which 
you  classified  as  wool  of  class  2,  was  entitled  to  admission  as  wool  of  class  3,  on  the 
ground  that  the  article  was  not  fit  for  combing  purposes,  and  was  used  as  "a  substi- 
tute for  cattle  hair  to  mix  with  wool  or  shoddy  for  the  manufacture  of  the  lowest 
class  of  carpets  and  woolen  goods  " — the  view  being  adopted  that  it  was  the  inten- 
tion of  Congress  to  include  in  class  2  only  such  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  and  other 
like  animals  as  is  fit  for  combing  purposes. 

The  doctrine  laid  down  in  these  decisions  seems  to  be  clearly  at  variance  with  the 
law. 

The  tariff  act  of  March  3,  1883  (par.  354,  T.  L,  new),  after  describing  certain 
wools  to  be  included  in  class  2  as  combing  wools,  adds  "and  also  all  hair  of  the 
alpaca,  goat,  and  other  like  animals;"  and  paragraph  358  (T.  I.,  new)  provides  that 
"wools  of  the  second  class,  and  all  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  and  other  like  animals," 
shall  pay  duty  at  10  or  12  cents  per  pound,  according  to  value. 

This  language  is  explicit  and  admits  of  no  other  interpretation  than  that  all  goat 
hair  is  dutiable  at  the  same  rates  as  wools  of  the  second  class.  The  quality  of  such 
hair,  or  the  use  for  which  it  may  be  available  or  intended,  is  immaterial  and  can  not 
affect  its  classification  under  the  law.  The  Department,  therefore,  holds  that  the 
merchandise  is  properly  dutiable  at  the  rate  assesed  by  you,  under  the  said  special 
provision  (T.  I.,  new,  358)  for  "all  hair  of  the  '  *  *  *  goat,  and  other  like  ani- 
mals," and  affirms  your  decision  in  the  premises. 

Decision  5743  and  any  other  rulings  to  the  contrary  will  be  considered  as  revoked. 
(6999.) 


Treasury  Department,  July  22,  1885. 

Wool — classification  of. — The  Department  has  received  your  letter  of  the  23d 
ultimo,  with  accompanying  report  from  the  appraiser  at  your  port,  in  relation  to 
the  classification  for  duty  of  certain  Scotch  wool,  known  as  "cheviot  britch,"  to 
which  your  attention  was  called  by  Department's  letter  of  April  27  last,  transmitting 
sample  of  the  article,  with  copy  of  a  dispatch  from  the  United  States  consul  at  Liv- 
er j)ool  respecting  the  same,  and  reports  on  the  subject  from  Mr.  George  William 
Bond  and  the  appraiser  at  Boston. 

The  consul  represents  that  the  wool  in  question  is  of  a  kind  included  in  Schedule 
K  (T.  I.,  new,  354)  of  the  tariff  act  of  March  3,  1883,  as  class  2,  or  combing  wool,  it 
being  "other  like  combing  wools  of  English  blood,"  finer  in  quality  than  a  large 
proportion  of  the  "britch"  from  Leicester,  Lincolnshire,  Cotswold,  etc.,  and  of  value 
in  the  markets  of  England  and  Scotland  about  the  same  (9c/.  to  10d.  per  pound)  as 
Lincolnshire  fleeces ;  nevertheless,  that  large  quantities  had  been  shipped  from  Scot- 
land to  Philadelphia  fictitiously  invoiced  as  "white  carpet  britch"  or  "carpet 
britch,"  and  had  been  admitted  to  entry  as  class  3,  or  carpet  wool  (T.  I.,  new,  355). 

Mr.  Bond  pronounces  the  article  "cheviot  britch,"  and  of  good  quality  for  that 
grade,  consequently  subject  to  duty  as  "second-class  wool."  It  is  from  the  Cheviot 
sheep  of  Scotland,  kindred  by  race  with  Leicester,  Lincolnshire,  Cotswold,  etc.,  and 
though  not  specially  named  in  Schedule  K  of  the  tariff  act  of  March  3,  1883,  falls 
under  the  designation  therein  (T.  I.,  new,  354)  as  "like  combing  wools  of  English 
blood,"  having  been  so  classed  and  recognized  since  the  passage  of  the  tariff  act  of 
1867,  from  which  the  present  law  was  copied.    He  maintains,  therefore,  that  it  is  < 


142 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


immaterial  to  the  question  whether  "cheviot  britch"  is  or  can  he  used  for  carpets, 
as  the  classification  of  the  tariff  places  it  in  the  second  class. 

The  appraiser  at  Boston  reports  that  "  cheviot  wool"  is  used  quite  extensively  in 
the  manufacture  of  Scotch  cloths  of  a  coarse  fabric,  and,  when  mixed  with  merino 
woo],  of  cloths  of  a  finer  texture ;  also  in  the  manufacture  of  ladies'  dress  goods,  and, 
to  a  limited  extent,  the  coarser  portion  for  carpet  purposes.  It  is  not  known  com- 
mercially as  carpet  wool,  neither  is  its  general  or  characteristic  use  for  carpet  pur- 
poses. It  is  known  commercially,  bought  and  sold,  as  combing  wool,  and  being  of 
English  blood,  like  Leicester,  Cotswold,  Lincolnshire,  &c,  in  character,  it  is  specially 
designated  and  provided  for  by  race  or  blood,  as  "like  combing  wools  of  English 
blood." 

Although  you  say  you  have  no  hesitation  in  expressing  "  entire  concurrence  with 
the  interpretation  placed  upon  the  law  governing  this  class  of  merchandise  by  Mr. 
Bond,"  it  is  found  that  the  practice  at  your  port  in  the  classification  of  such  mer- 
chandise has  not  been  in  accordance  therewith. 

It  appears  from  the  report  of  the  appraiser  at  your  port  that  ifc  is  clear  to  him  that 
the  wool  produced  from  the  Cheviot  sheep  belongs  to  the  class  known  as  "  combing 
wools,"  and  dealers  in  your  city  have  expressed  the  opinion  that  the  sample  fur- 
nished by  the  consul  at  Liverpool  was  taken  from  Cheviot  sheep,  nevertheless  he 
has  heretofore  returned  such  wool,  imported  at  your  port,  as  wool  of  class  3.  In 
explanation  of  his  action,  he  refers  specially  to  an  unpublished  decision  of  this 
Department,  dated  September  4, 1883,  in  which  it  was  held  that  certain  Cashmere  goat 
hair,  imported  by  Messrs.  John  and  James  Dobson,  represented  as  unfit  for  combing 
purposes,  and  intended  as  carpet  stock,  was  entitled  to  admission  as  wool  of  class  3, 
and  he  says  that,  since  the  issuance  of  that  decision,  he  has  applied  the  principle 
therein  laid  down  to  the  "britch"  wool  in  question  received  at  your  port,  which  he 
states  has  been  almost  exclusively  purchased  by  certain  carpet  manufacturers,  and 
therefore  used  for  uo  other  purpose  than  making  yarns  for  the  manufacture  of 
carpets. 

From  official  reports  on  file  in  this  Department  it  appears  that  as  early  as  August, 

1882,  an  importation  of  so-called  "  cheviot  britch"  wool,  invoiced  at  10$.  per  pound 
and  described  as  "white  carpet  britch"  or  "carpet  britch,"  was  admitted  to  entry 
at  your  port  as  wool  of  class  3,  and  that  since  that  date,  up  to  recently,  numerous 
large  importations,  of  like  description  and  value,  have  been  admitted  to  entry  by 
you  at  the  same  rate  of  duty,  notwithstanding  the  appraiser's  attention  had  been 
called  to  the  fact  that  the  wool  was  from  Cheviot  sheep,  and  samples  of  it  have  been 
so  classed  by  experts  at  your  port  and  at  New  York  and  Boston.  Furthermore,  it 
appears  that  during  the  time  he  was  passing  this  "cheviot  britch"  the  appraiser 
frequently  had  before  him  importations  of  regular  fleece  wool,  of  good  quality,  from 
the  "black-faced"  sheep  of  Scotland,  the  only  wool  grown  in  Great  Britain  authori- 
tatively recognized  as  belonging  to  class  3,  invoiced,  as  a  rule,  more  than  5*0  per  cent 
below  such  "britch"  wool. 

The  so-called  "britch"  from  Cheviot  fleeces  is  known  commercially  in  Scotland 
as  "  cheviot  britch "  {white  or  laid)  and  not  as  "white  carpet  britch"  or  "carpet 
britch ;"  hence  it  was  improperly  invoiced  and  entered  under  the  latter  descriptions, 
and  it  is  assumed  that  the  importers  had  knowledge  of  its  true  character  and  com- 
mercial designation  when  they  imported  it. 

Assuming  that  all  the  so-called  "  white  carpet  britch"  or  "carpet  britch"  im- 
ported at  your  port  was  Cheviot  wool,  the  Department  can  see  no  justification  for 
its  classification  as  wool  of  class  3.  It  appears  to  have  been  so  returned  by  the 
appraiser  for  more  than  a  year  prior  to  the  issuance  of  the  decision  of  September  14? 

1883,  quoted  by  the  appraiser,  as  well  as  since  the  publication  of  the  Department's 
decision  (Synopsis,  6028)  of  November  19,  1883,  relating  to  noils  from  the  wools  of 
Cotswold  and  Leicester  sheep,  and  which  is  plainly  applicable  to  the  merchandise 
in  question. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


143 


The  Department  adheres  to  the  doctrine  laid  down  in  this  latter  decision  as  to 
classification  according  to  race  or  blood,  not  only  of  all  wools,  hut  also  of  "  all  hair 
of  the  alpaca,  goat,  and  other  like  animals,"  without  regard  to  quality,  condition, 
or  intended  use  of  the  article  imported. 

You  are  directed  to  cause  your  practice  to  conform  to  the  views  herein  expressed, 
and  to  classify  the  said  "cheviot  britch"  as  class  2,  combing  wools,  at  the  appro- 
priate rate  of  duty  according  to  value  per  pound.  (7034.) 


Treasury  Department,  July  2$, 1$85. 
Mixed  goods— silk  and  wool.— Referring  to  your  letter  of  the  21st  instant, 
making  inquiry  as  to  the  rate  of  duty  applicable  to  certain  dress  goods  composed  of 
silk  and  wool,  silk  chief  value,  you  are  informed  that  the  provisions  of  paragraph 
383,  T.  I.,  new,  for  "all  goods,  wares,  and  merchandise,  not  specially  enumerated,  or 
provided  for  in  this  act,  made  of  silk,  or  of  which  silk  is  the  component  material  of 
chief  value,"  are  not  applicable  in  cases  where  the  merchandise  in  question  falls 
within  the  list  of  specially  designated  articles  embraced  in  the  wool  tariff  (Schedule 
K).  (7037.) 


Treasury  Department,  August  6,  1885. 

Carpet  wool. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  21st  ultimo, 
transmitting  the  appeals  (8678 1  and  8679 1)  of  James  Lees  &  Sons  from  your  de- 
cision assessing  duty  at  the  rate  of  5  cents  per  pound  on  certain  carpet  wool  im- 
ported by  them,  per  British  Princess,  August  31,  1884,  and  Pennsylvania,  September 
8,  1884,  which  the  appellants  claim  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  2\  cents  per  pound. 

It  appears  that  the  wool  in  question  is  third-class  carpet  wool,  and  that  it  costs 
under  12  cents  per  pound,  without  adding  to  the  price  thereof  the  cost  of  the  bags 
in  which  it  was  contained.  The  cost  of  the  bags,  however,  was  added  by  you  to  its 
value,  thereby  making  the  apparent  value  of  the  wool  12  cents  per  pound,  and  hence 
you  assessed  duty  at  the  rate  of  5  cents  per  pound. 

Upon  due  investigation  of  the  matter,  it  is  ascertained  that  wool  of  this  character 
is  classified  at  both  New  York  and  Boston  at  a  duty  of  2\  cents  per  pound,  it  not 
being  the  practice  at  those  ports  to  add  to  its  value  the  cost  of  the  bags. 

The  practice  thus  prevailing  at  those  ports,  of  excluding  the  cost  of  bags,  is,  in 
the  opinion  of  the  Department,  correct  and  proper  under  the  statute,  and  therefore 
it  is  held  that,  as  the  wool  is  valued  at  less  than  12  cents  per  pound,  the  appeal  is 
well  taken. 

You  will  reliquidate  the  entries  accordingly,  and  take  the  necessary  steps  for 
refunding  the  excessive  duties.  (7065.) 


Treasury  Department,  August  7, 1885. 

Wool  taken  from  sheep  in  Barbados. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your 
letter  of  the  3d  instant,  transmitting  the  appeal  (23  m)  of  A.  D.  Straus  &  Co.  from 
your  decision  assessing  duty  on  certain  wool  imported,  per  Portia,  from  Barbados 
on  the  13th  of  April  last. 

The  appellants  claim  that  the  wool  is  entitled  to  free  entry,  because  it  is  the 
product  of  sheep  and  lambs  of  domestic  origin  which  were  exported  alive  to 
Barbados. 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  wool  is  not  the  product  of  American  sheep,  but  of 
sheep  of  Canadian  or  English  blood. 

It  is  immaterial,  however,  where  the  sheep  originated,  inasmuch  as  the  question 
to  be  decided  is  one  relating  entirely  to  the  wool. 


144 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


The  wool,  whether  taken  from  American  or  foreign  sheep  in  Barbados,  is,  as 
such,  of  foreign  production,  and  when  imported  is  not  entitled  to  free  entry  as 
claimed  by  the  appellants  or  otherwise. 

Your  decision  is  affirmed.  (7067.) 


Treasury  Department,  August  24,  1885, 

Carded  goat's  hair.  The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  3d  iustant, 
transmitting  the  appeal  (9019 1)  of  Messrs.  Dingelstedt  &  Co.  from  your  assessment 
of  duty  at  the  rate  of  20  cents  per  pound  on  certain  so-called  wool  waste  imported, 
per  Alaska,  February  10,  1885,  and  returned  by  the  appraiser  at  your  port  as  u  carded 
goat's  hair,  class  2,  valued  under  30  cents  in  the  unwashed  condition,  dutiable  under 
T.  I.,  new,  358,"  and  that,  having  been  selected  and  then  manipulated  in  the  carding 
machine,  it  becomes  liable  under  T.  L,  new,  356,  to  twice  the  duty  to  which  it  would 
be  otherwise  subject. 

The  merchandise  consists  of  China  Cashmere  goat's  hair,  from  which  the  long 
hairs  have  been  combed,  and  which  has  apparently  been  carded. 

Eeports  from  the  appraisers  at  your  port  and  at  Boston,  agree  that  the  article  is 
not  wool  waste,  but  the  claim  that  it  has  been  manipulated  for  the  purpose  of  evad- 
ing duty  does  not  seem  to  be  substantiated  by  the  report  from  the  latter  officer,  who 
states  that  similar  merchandise  has  been  imported  at  that  port  and  is  commercially 
known  as  Cashmere  noils,  and  has  been  passed  for  duty  at  the  rate  of  10  or  12  cents 
per  pound,  according  to  cost. 

The  Department  is  of  the  opinion,  therefore,  that  while  the  article  is  not  woo^ 
waste,  but  is  hair  of  the  Cashmere  goat,  dutiable  under  T.  I.,  new,  358,  according 
to  cost,  yet  the  evidence  of  its  having  been  imported  in  other  than  ordinary  condi- 
tion or  of  its  having  been  manipulated  for  the  purpose  of  evading  duty,  is  not  suf- 
ficient to  warrant  the  imposition  of  double  duty,  under  T.  L,  new,  356. 

You  are  authorized  to  reliquidate  the  entry  accordingly.  (7081.) 


Treasury  Department,  August  29, 1885. 

Hair  yarn. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  12th  instant,  sub- 
mitting the  appeal  (670  m)  of  Schofield,  Mason  &  Co.,  from  your  assessment  of  duty 
at  the  rate  of  10  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  black  cattle- 
hair  yarn  imported  by  them,  per  Lord  Gough,  July  16, 1885,  and  classified  as  "  worsted 
yarn  under  30  cents,"  or  " manufactures  of  hair  of  '  other  animals/"  under  the  pro- 
vision therefor  in  the  act  of  March  3,  1883  (T.  I.,  new  363.) 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  yarn  is  a  manufacture  of  hair,  whether  of  the  goat 
or  other  animal  he  is  unable  to  determine,  but  in  either  case  dutiable  at  the  rate 
assessed. 

The  appellants  claim  that  it  is  manufactured  wholly  from  cattle  hair,  and  is  enti- 
tled to  entry  at  the  rate  of  30  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  provision  in  the  act 
above  cited  (T.  I.,  new,  445),  for  " hair-cloth,  known  as  i  crinoline-cloth/  and  all 
other  manufactures  of  hair  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for." 

Under  date  of  September  5,  1874  (synopsis,  1940),  the  Department  decided  that  the 
provision  of  law  then  in  force,  which  is  reproduced  in  paragraph  445  of  the  act  of 
March  3,  1883,  related  wholly  to  manufactures  associated  with  the  terms  given  in 
said  paragraph,  viz,  crinoline  cloth  or  manufactures  of  the  same  material. 

The  yarn  in  question,  not  being  associated  with,  or  similar  to,  crinoline  cloth,  the 
claim  of  the  appellants  is  rejected.  (709$.) 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


145 


Treasury  Department,  August  29,  1885. 

Woolen  goods — Moquette. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the 
12th  instant,  submitting  the  appeal  (667  m)  of  D.  &  J.  C.  Noblit  &  Co.  from  your 
assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  on 
certain  moquette  imported  by  them,  per  British  Princess,  June  24,  1885. 

The  appellants  claim  that  the  goods  in  question,  which  are  manufactured  of 
worsted  and  cotton,  are  made  of  the  same  materials,  and  by  the  same  process  as 
patent  velvet  carpets,  and  by  assimilation  are  entited  to  entry  at  same  rate  of  duty, 
on  the  ground  that  they  are  similar  in  quality,  texture,  and  use  as  such  carpets. 

The  article  in  question,  although  similar  in  appearance  to  velvet  carpet,  is  not 
carpet,  and  is  never  used  for  the  same  purposes,  but  is  used  for  covering  seats  in 
railroad  cars,  barber  chairs,  etc. 

The  Department  decides  that  the  goods  are  properly  dutiable  at  the  rate  assessed; 
under  the  provision  in  the  act  of  March  3,  1883  (T.  I.,  new,  363),  for  "all  manufac- 
tures of  every  description  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  worsted,"  and  your  assess- 
ment of  duty  thereon  is  hereby  affirmed.  (7094.) 


Treasury  Department,  September  29,  1885. 
Goatskins  avith  hair  or  wool  on. — 1  transmit  herewith  a  letter,  dated  the  17th 
instant,  with  two  inclosures,  from  Mr.  G.  Amsiuck,  president,  in  which,  in  behalf  of 
the  importers  of  goatskins  at  your  port  and  at  Philadelphia,  complaint  is  made  of 
your  action  in  assessing  duty  on  the  hair  of  common  goatskins,  imported  for  manu- 
facture into  morocco,  it  being  alleged  that  the  hair  is  unfit  for  commercial  purposes, 
the  same  having  to  be  removed  from  the  skin  by  the  use  of  lime,  which  renders  it 
almost  valueless. 

From  the  statements  contained  in  such  communication,  and  also  from  those  made 
to  me  personally  by  the  committee  there  mentioned,  it  seems  that  it  has  been  the 
practice  heretofore  to  admit  such  skins  free  of  duty,  under  the  special  provision  in 
the  free  list  (T.  I.,  new,  709),  for  u  goatskins,  raw/'  and  that  it  is  only  recently 
that  they  have  been  subjected  to  duty. 

The  question  as  to  the  classification  of  raw  goatskins  was  the  subject  of  Depart- 
ment's ruling  of  February  14,  1877  (synopsis,  3112),  and  it  was  thereby  held  that 
while  Angora  goatskins  were  liable  to  duty  for  the  wool  contained  thereon,  the 
skins  of  goats  containing  but  a  small  "  degree  of  Angora  blood/'  and  of  the  common 
Cape  goats,  were  entitled  to  free  entry,  under  such  special  provision  in  the  law. 

No  good  reason  is  perceived  at  this  time  for  making  any  change  in  the  practice 
which  followed  such  decision,  and  if  the  skins  now  imported,  and  which  are  the 
subject  of  the  inclosed  communication,  are  of  the  character  mentioned  in  such  rul- 
ing, you  are  directed  to  continue  such  practice  and  to  be  governed  by  the  decision. 
(7147.) 


Treasury  Department,  October  27,  1885. 

Wool  and  rubber  waterproof  cloaks. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of 
your  letter  of  the  22d  instant,  transmitting  the  appeal  (4996  m)  of  John  Wanamaker 
from  your  decision  assessing  duty  at  the  rate  of  45  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent 
ad  valorem  on  certain  wool  and  rubber  waterproof  cloaks  imported  into  your  port, 
per  Lord  Clive,  March  31, 1885,  which  the  appellant  claims  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate 
of  30  per  cent  ad  valorem,  as  manufactures  of  India  rubber. 

The  cloaks  in  question  being,  as  the  appraiser  reports,  manufactured  in  part  of 
wool,  are  dutiable  at  the  rate  assessed  by  you,  under  the  special  provision  in 
Schedule  K,  T.  I.,  new,  367,  for  " cloaks"  " composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool/' 

Your  decision  is  affirmed.    (71  §4.) 

H.  Mis.  94  10 


146 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Treasury  Department,  October  SI, 1885. 

Hair  on  raw  goatskins. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the 
19th  inst,  transmitting  an  appeal  (4672  m)  of  Wight  &  Harper  from  your  decision 
assessing  duty  at  the  rate  of  10  cents  per  pound  on  certain  so-called  "hair  on  raw 
goatskins"  imported  by  them,  per  Persian  Monarch,  on  the  24th  ultimo,  which  the 
appellants  claim  to  be  exempt  from  duty  under  the  provision  in  the  free  list  (T.  I., 
new,  709)  for  "goatskins,  raw." 

It  appears  from  the  report  of  the  appraiser  that  the  skins  in  question  from  which 
the  hair  or  wool  in  question  was  taken  are  Angora  goatskins,  which  are  only  exempt 
from  duty  when  imported  without  the  wool  (free  list,  T.  I.,  new,  719),  and  that  the 
hair  or  wool  in  question,  which  was  taken  therefrom  is  a  fine  quality  of  combing 
wool,  and  of  the  same  if  not  a  better  class  than  the  wool  or  hair  of  the  Angora  goat, 
which  is  usually  imported,  and  which  is  combed  by  the  largest  combers  in  the  United 
States  for  use,  in  connection  with  other  wools,  in  the  manufacture  of  ladies'  dress 
goods. 

An  inspection  of  a  sample  of  the  importation  in  question,  when  compared  with 
samples  of  the  ordinary  Angora  goat  wool  of  hair,  satisfies  the  Department  that  it  is 
a  very  fine  article  of  combing  wool,  containing  a  large  percentage  of  Angora  blood. 

The  merchandise  is  dutiable,  under  Schedule  K.  T.  1.,  new,  358,  being  valued  at 
30  cents  or  less  per  pound,  at  10  cents  per  pound,  and  your  decision  is  affirmed. 
(7194.) 


Treasury  Department,  November  11, 1885. 

"Angora  goatskins." — Referring  to  Department's  letter  to  you  of  the  4th  instant 
and  previous  correspondence,  in  relation  to  Angora  goatskins  with  the  wool  on, 
imported  from  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  you  are  informed  that  the  matter  has  been 
carefully  investigated  and  considered,  and  that  the  Department  has  arrived  at  the 
following  conclusions : 

That  these  Angora  skins,  the  product  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  are  not  the 
real  Angora  goatskins  of  commerce,  but  skins  of  a  bastard  or  cross-blood  goat  of 
partial  Angora  blood,  and  that  while  some  of  the  skins  show  such  blood  in  but  a 
small  degree,  others  are  of  superior  quality  and  show  strong  traces  thereof. 

That  the  wool  or  hair  on  these  last-mentioned  skins,  as  has  been  lately  ascertained 
upon  an  actual  importation  at  Philadelphia,  consists  of  a  very  fine  quality  of  comb- 
ing wool  of  the  same,  if  not  superior  class  to  the  wool  or  hair  of  the  Angora  goat  as 
usually  imported,  which  latter  is  combed  by  the  largest  combers  in  the  United 
States,  for  use  in  connection  with  other  wools  in  the  manufacture  of  ladies'  dress 
goods. 

That  the  hair  or  wool  on  skins  of  this  superior  character  is  liable  to  duty,  as  has 
been  heretofore  held  by  the  Department,  as  well  as  by  its  ruling  of  February  14, 
1877  (Synopsis,  3112  a),  as  several  times  since,  and  that  the  Department  is  con- 
sequently unable  under  the  law  to  grant  your  request  for  passing  them  free  of  duty 
under  the  provision  for  goat-skins,  raw.  To  admit  such  Angora  skins  of  superior 
quality  free  of  duty  would  open  the  door  to  fraud  on  the  revenue. 

A  sufficient  examination  of  the  bales  can  be  made  to  determine  the  number  of 
superior  skins  without  destroying  their  identity,  and  without  causing  delay  or 
embarrassment  to  the  importer.  (7206a.) 


Treasury  Department,  November  IS,  1885. 
Ink  blotters  in  part  op  wool. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of 
the  10th  instant,  submitting  the  appeal  (6255  m)  of  Mr.  C.  F.  Rumpp  from  your 


a  See  No.  7147, 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


147 


assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  on 
certain  shell  blotters  imported  by  him,  per  Bugia,  September  11,  1885. 

The  articles  in  question,  it  appears,  are  ink  blotters,  made  of  paper  and  woolen 
cloth,  surmounted  by  a  shell,  which  serves  as  a  handle  for  the  blotters,  and  the 
appellant  claims  that  duty  should  be  assessed  thereon  either  at  the  rate  of  15  per 
cent  ad  valorem,  as  "manufactures  of  paper/'  or  25 per  cent  ad  valorem,  as  "manu- 
factures of  shell,"  or  that  the  appropriate  duty  should  be  levied  on  the  several  parts. 

The  several  parts  of  the  blotters  being  securely  glued  together,  the  Department's 
decision  of  July  25, 1877  (synopsis  3319),  which  applies  only  to  machinery,  or  similar 
articles  composed  of  different  materials,  which  are  easily  separable  for  purposes  of 
classification,  is  not  applicable. 

The  woolen  cloth,  it  appears,  forms  a  material  and  appreciable  element  in  the 
formation  of  the  blotters,  so  as  to  be  taken  into  account  in  their  classification,  and 
the  Department  is  of  opinion  that  they  were  properly  classified  under  the  provisions 
of  section  2499,  act  of  March  3,  1883,  and  its  decision  of  November  21,  1884  (synop- 
sis, 6653),  on  cloaks  composed  in  part  of  wool. 

Your  assessment  of  duty  is  therefore  affirmed.  (7208.) 


Treasury  Department,  November  W,  1885. 

Tweed  caps. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  22d  ultimo,  sub- 
mitting the  appeal  (5014  m)  of  D.  P.  Ilsley  &  Co.  from  your  assessment  of  duty  at 
the  rate  of  40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  tweed  caps 
imported  by  them,  per  Missouri,  September  26,  1885. 

The  appellants  claim  that  the  caps  in  question  are  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  30  per 
cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  provision  in  paragraph  400,  act  of  March  3,  1883,  for 
"hats    *    *    *    for  men,  women,  and  children. " 

From  an  examination  of  the  samples  submitted,  it  is  found  that  the  articles  in 
question  are  caps  made  of  tweed  cloth,  some  being  without  visors,  others  having  a 
single  visor  in  front,  and  still  others  two  visors,  one  in  front  and  one  behind. 

Under  date  of  November  26,  1883  (synopsis,  6044),  the  Department  decided  that 
caps  are  not  hats  within  the  meaning  of  the  law,  and  as  the  articles  in  question  are 
caps  in  fact,  and  known  commercially  by  that  name,  the  claim  of  the  appellants  is 
rejected. 

The  Department  is  of  opinion  that  they  were  properly  classified  under  the  provision 
in  paragraph  366  of  said  act  forswearing  apparel  of  every  description  *  *  * 
composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  or  other 
animal,"  and  your  assessment  of  duty  thereon  is  hereby  affirmed.    (7 2 14.) 


Treasury  Department,  November  21  >  1885. 

Wool  tops. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  18th  instant, 
transmitting  the  appeal  (6914  m)  of  Messrs.  Stoddard,  Lovering  &  Co.  from  your  decis- 
ion assessing  duty  at  the  rate  of  60  cents  per  pound  on  certain  u  wool  tops"  imported 
by  them,  per  Iberian,  on  the  4th  instant,  which  the  appellants  claim  to  be  dutiable 
at  the  rate  of  18  cetits  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  provision  in 
Schedule  K  (T.  I.,  new,  363)  for  manufactures  of  worsted,  valued  at  above  4  cents 
and  not  exceeding  60  cents  per  pound. 

These  wool  tops,  as  appears  from  the  special  report  of  the  appraiser  and  an  inspec- 
tion of  samples,  are  the  combings  or  cardings  of  fine  Australian  (clothing)  wool, 
and  are  produced  by  scouring  the  wool  and  then  passing  it,  in  the  usual  manner, 
through  the  combing  or  carding  machine. 

The  claim  of  the  appellants  that  wool  tops  are  dutiable  under  the  provision  for 
manufactures  of  worsted  was  disposed  of  by  Department's  ruling  of  February  17, 


148 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


1881  (synopsis,  4777),  wherein  it  was  held  that  wool  tops  were  in  no  sense  manu- 
factures of  wool  or  worsted,  but  come  within  the  category  of  unmanufactured  wools, 
gubject  to  the  duties  prescribed  therefor,  according  to  condition,  class,  etc. 

In  this  case  the  wool  tops  come  from  clothing  wools,  which,  the  appraiser  states, 
are  valued  in  the  unwashed  condition  under  30  cents  per  pound,  and,  if  imported 
in  that  condition,  would  have  been  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  10  cents  per  pound;  but, 
having  been  scoured,  they  become  dutiable,  under  the  provision  of  said  schedule 
(T.  I.,  new,  356)  at  three  times  the  rate  prescribed  for  wool  in  the  unwashed  condi- 
tion, making  30  cents  per  pound;  and,  furthermore,  inasmuch  as  wool  tops  consti- 
tute a  condition  of  wool  other  than  the  ordinary  one  in  which  wool  is  imported, 
this  importation  becomes  liable  to  double  the  last  rate,  or  twice  the  duty  to  Avhich 
it  would  be  otherwise  subject. 

The  wool,  therefore,  being  scoured,  and  also  being  imported  in  an  extraordinary 
condition,  is  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  60  cents  per  pound,  and  your  decision  is  hereby 
affirmed. 
(7217). 


Treasury  Department,  November  23, 1885. 
Felt  shoes. — Referring  to  your  letter  of  the  26th  ultimo,  concerning  the  classifica- 
tion for  duty  of  imported  felt  shoes,  I  have  to  state  that  upon  due  consideration  the 
Department  is  of  the  opinion  that  the  classification  as  "  wearing  apparel, "  at  the 
rate  of  40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  T.  I.,  new,  366,  as  fol- 
lowed at  the  port  of  New  York,  should  be  adopted  as  the  correct  classification  under 
the  tariff  acts, 

The  provisions  of  T.  I.,  new,  367,  for  cloaks,  etc.,  and  other  "  outside  garments/' 
can  hardly  be  considered  applicable,  as  shoes  do  not  assimilate  to  cloaks  or  any  of 
the  articles  therein  specifically  mentioned,  nor  would  they  be  considered  as  "out- 
side garments"  in  the  ordinary  acceptation  of  the  term. 

This  view  does  not  conflict  with  that  expressed  in  Department's  decision  of 
November  23,  1876  (synopsis,  3023),  on  woolen  overboots,  inasmuch  as  the  articles 
covered  by  T.  I.,  new,  366  and  367,  were  all  included  in  one  paragraph  (247)  under 
the  old  tariff. 

You  will  be  governed  accordingly.  (7218.) 


Treasury  Department,  December  $,  1885. 

Repacking  of  wool  in  warehouse. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your 
letter  of  the  23d  ultimo,  relative  to  the  application  of  Mr.  D.  A.  Hollister  for  per- 
mission to  repack  in  bonded  warehouse  certain  6,082  pounds  of  wool  intended  to  be 
withdrawn  for  exportation  in  bond  by  way  of  San  Francisco. 

It  appears  that  the  wool  is  packed  in  nineteen  bales,  not  pressed,  but  merely 
filled  by  hand,  and  that  it  is  desired  to  repack  it  into  a  smaller  number  of  pressed 
bales,  for  convenience  in  transportation,  the  original  bales  being  unwieldy. 

In  the  absence  of  any  provision  of  law  or  regulations  to  authorize  repacking  of 
merchandise  in  bond,  other  than  drugs  and  chemicals,  except  when  repacking  is 
necessary  for  preservation  of  the  goods,  the  application  must  be  denied.  (See 
article  679  of  the  General  Regulations.)  (7232.) 


Treasury  Department,  December  16,  1885. 
Wool  imported. — The  Department  duly  received  your  letter  of  the  21st  ultimo, 
in  which  you  submitted  a  question  as  to  whether  imported  wool  (which  under  the 
statute  pays  duty  according  to  its  value  per  pound),  when  advanced  in  value  on 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


149 


appraisement  over  10  per  cent  above  the  entered  value,  but  not  sufficient  to  render 
it  liable  to  a  higher  rate  of  duty,  is  liable  to  the  additional  (penal)  duty  of  20  per 
cent  ad  valorem  which  is  prescribed  by  section  2900  of  the  Revised  Statutes. 

The  question  was  duly  referred  to  the  Solicitor  of  the  Treasury,  who  on  the  9th 
instant  submitted  an  opinion,  a  copy  of  which  is  herewith  inclosed,  from  which  it 
will  be  seen  that  he  advises  that  in  such  cases  where  an  appraisement  is  made  by  the 
appraiser  for  the  purpose  of  determining  the  values  of  imported  merchandise,  the 
advance  in  value  of  10  per  cent  renders  the  exaction  of  the  said  additional  duty  i  impera- 
tive by  the  collector,  who  has  no  discretion  in  the  matter,  because  the  law  fixes  his 
duty. 

This  opinion  seems  to  accord  with  article  564  of  the  Regulations,  which  pre- 
scribes that  if  the  specific  duty  is  all  dependent  upon  value,  the  additional  duty 
attaches,  if  the  value  is  advanced  10  per  cent  or  more;  and  it  is  apprehended  that 
in  the  case  of  all  importations  where  it  is  essential,  under  the  statute,  that  the 
goods  should  be  appraised,  the  additional  duty  attaches  whenever  the  appraised 
value  exceeds  the  entered  value  by  10  per  cent  or  more. 

The  following  is  the  Solicitor's  opinion  referred  to  above: 

Department  of  Justice, 
Office  of  the  Solicitor  of  the  Treasury, 

Washington,  D.  C,  December  9, 1885. 
Sir:  The  question  is  asked  me  whether  the  additional  duty  of  20  per  cent  ad 
valorem  is  incurred  under  section  2900,  Revised  Statutes,  when  the  appraised  value 
of  wool  exceeds  by  10  per  cent  the  value  declared  in  the  entry,  though  such 
appraised  value  is  not  sufficient  in  amount  to  subject  the  wool  to  the  higher  rate  of 
duty. 

The  law  imposes  duties  on  wool  at  specific  rates  regulated  by  value.  For  example : 
wools  valued  at  30  cents  or  less  a  pound  are  subject  to  a  duty  of  10  cents  a  pound; 
exceeding  30  cents,  12  cents  a  pound. 

Section  2900  is  one  of  several  statutes  enacted  to  require  importers  to  make  entry 
of  their  goods  at  their  true  value.* 

In  the  present  case  the  duty  imposed  is  not  an  ad  valorem  one;  it  is  a  specific  duty 
of  so  much  a  pound,  dependent  on  the  appraised  value  of  the  pound. 

The  main  object  of  section  2900  is  not,  it  seems  to  me,  to  collect  duties.  Its  pur- 
pose is  to  compel  importers  to  enter  their  goods  at  their  proper  value.  For  this  pur- 
pose, when  the  invoice  is  produced  and  the  entry  is  made,  the  importer  is  allowed  to 
make  such  additions  in  the  entry  to  the  cost  or  value  given  in  the  invoice  as  he  may  see 
lit.  Hut  if,  after  entry,  the  appraised  value  of  the  goods  exceeds  by  10  per  cent  the 
entered  value,  the  exaction  of  20  per  cent  duty  is  made  imperative  on  the  collector. 
He  is  given  no  discretion  in  the  matter,  because  the  law  fixes  his  duties.  (5  Blatch., 
38.) 

If  I  am  right,  it  is  immaterial  to  the  question  presented  whether  an  advance  by 
appraisement  over  the  entered  value  increases  the  duty  placed  on  the  goods  or  not, 
so  long  as  the  appraisement  increases  the  value  10  per  cent  or  more  over  the 
entered  value. 

Such  increase  being  made,  the  collector  is,  under  the  law,  to  impose  the  25  per 
cent  additional  duty. 

Very  respectfully, 

A.  McCue, 

Solicitor. 

The  Hon.  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


Treasury  Department,  January  2, 1886. 
Matelasse,  wool. — The  Department  duly  received  your  letter  of  the  16th  ultimo, 
transmitting  the  appeal  (8584  m)  of  Meyer  &  Dickinson  from  your  assessment  of 
duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  so-called 
matelass6  cloths  imported,  per  JVaesland  and  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  October  30, 
1885,  and  returned  by  the  appraiser  at  your  port  as  silk,  wool,  and  cotton  clothing, 
or  manufactures  of  wool,  dutiable  under  T.  I.,  new,  365. 


*  It  applies  to  all  goods  procured  by  purchase  or  otherwise,  the  duty  on  which  depends  on  their 
value. 


150 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Reference  being  made  in  your  letter  to  Department's  decision  of  April  24,  1885, 
(synopsis,  6875),  in  support  of  your  assessment  of  duty  as  aforesaid,  it  is  deemed 
proper  to  call  your  attention  to  a  clerical  error  jn  said  decision  in  the  designation  of 
the  paragraph  in  Schedule  K  under  which  duties  should  be  assessed. 

In  cases  where  the  merchandise  is  composed  in  part  of  wool,  the  hair  of  the  alpaca, 
goat,  or  other  animal,  and  does  not  fall  within  the  specific  provisions  for  women's 
and  children's  dress-goods,  coat-linings,  Italian  cloths,  and  goods  of  like  descrip- 
tion, found  in  paragraph  365,  T.  I.,  new,  it  should  be  classified  for  duty  under  the 
provisions  therefor  in  paragraph  362  or  363  of  the  tariff,  and  not  under  paragraph 
365,  as  aforesaid. 

The  decision  referred  to  will  therefore  be  considered  as  corrected  in  the  above 
particular,  the  principle  therein  set  forth  being  in  nowise  modified. 

In  the  present  case,  it  being  understood  that  the  merchandise  is  composed  in  part 
of  wool  and  does  not  fall  within  the  specific  provisions  of  paragraph  365,  it  is  duti- 
able at  the  rate  assessed  under  T.  I.,  new,  362,  and  your  assessment  of  duty  is  accord- 
ingly affirmed.  (7295.) 


Treasury  Department,  January  4,  1886. 

Carriage-robes  and  traveling  rugs  and  blankets.— The  Department  is  in 
receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  29th  ultimo  reporting  further  on  the  appeal  (6682 m)  of 
Messrs.  H.  H.  Schwietering,  Stursberg  &  Co.  from  your  assessment  of  duty  at  the 
rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  wool  and  hair 
blankets  imported  by  them,  per  Neckar,  July  7,  1885. 

The  appellants  claim  that  the  blankets  in  question  are  properly  dutiable  at  the 
rate  of  24  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  363,  act  of 
March  3,  1883. 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  articles  in  question  are  carriage  robes  or  traveling 
rugs,  which  are  not  known  commercially  as  blankets,  and  that  they  were  classified 
as  manufactures  of  wool  and  hair  under  paragraph  362,  act  of  March  3,  1883. 

In  view  of  the  Department's  decision  of  September  21,  1859  (not  published), 
which  held  that  articles  of  this  character  are  not  blankets  within  the  meaning  of 
the  law,  your  assessment  of  duty  thereon  is  hereby  affirmed.    (7 295.) 


Treasury  Department,  January  15, 1886. 

Leather  jackets  lined  with  wool. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  let- 
ter of  the  12th  ultimo,  transmitting  the  appeal  (8295  m)  of  A.  Knudsen  from  your 
assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem  on 
certain  skin  jackets  imported,  per  Thingvalla,  November  30,  1885,  and  returned  by 
the  appraiser  at  your  port  as  wearing-apparel  in  part  of  wool,  dutiable  under  the 
provisions  of  T.  L,  new,  366. 

It  appears  from  the  report  of  the  appraiser  that  the  articles  in  question  are  leather 
jackets  or  short  coats,  for  men,  lined  throughout  with  wool  flannel,  and  that,  as  there 
was  no  provision  in  the  law  for  leather  wearing-apparel,  the  merchandise  was  classi- 
fied as  above. 

This  classification  is  in  accordance  with  the  principle  laid  down  in  Department's 
decisions  of  April  18  (synopsis,  6862),  May  2  (synopsis,  6897),  and  October  27,  1885 
(synopsis,  7184),  and  your  assessment  of  duty  accordingly  is  hereby  affirmed. 
(7Z17.) 


Treasury  Department,  January  27,  1886. 
Mousseline-de-laine  dress  goods. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter 
of  the  22d  instant,  transmitting  the  appeal  (1330  o)  of  Messrs.  Kaskel  &  Kaskelfrom 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


151 


your  decision  assessing  duty  at  the  rate  of  9  cents  per  square  yard  and  40  per  cent 
ad  valorem  upon  certain  so-called  flannels  imported,  per  Amerique,  October  1,  1885, 
which  the  appellants  claim  to  he  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40 
per  cent  ad  valorem. 

It  appears,  from  the  report  of  the  appraiser  and  an  inspection  of  a  sample,  that 
the  merchandise  in  question  is  not  flannel,  but  women's  and  children's  dress  goods, 
consisting  of  fabrics  known  as  "mousseline-de-laine,"  manufactured  of  worsted. 

Being  women's  and  children's  dress  goods,  and  being  composed  wholly  of  worsted, 
they  are  dutiable  under  the  provisions  of  Schedule  K  (T.  I.,  new,  365)  for  goods  of 
that  description,  which  is  the  rate  assessed  by  you. 

Your  decision  is  affirmed.  (7331.) 


Treasury  Department,  February  #7, 1886. 

Mexican  wools. — The  Department  duly  received  your  letter  of  the  25th  ultimo, 
with  inclosures,  reporting  in  the  matter  of  the  appeal  (1708  o)  of  Mr.  James  J. 
Haynes  from  your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  10  cents  per  pound  on  certain 
wool  imported  by  him  at  Laredo  on  the  4th  ultimo,  and  which  was  classified  by 
your  deputy  at  that  port  as  wool  of  class  1,  costing  under  30  cents  per  pound,  and 
dutiable  under  T.  I.,  new,  357. 

The  appellant  claims  that  the  wool  in  question  is  carpet  wool,  or  wool  of  the 
third  class,  valued  at  less  than  12  cents  per  pound,  and  dutiable,  under  T.  I.,  new, 
359,  at  the  rate  of  2£  cents  per  pound. 

The  sample  referred  to  by  the  appellant  and  forwarded  by  you  has  been  duly 
submitted  to  the  appraiser,  examiner  of  wools,  and  Mr.  George  William  Bond,  wool 
expert,  at  Boston,  all  of  whom  agree  that  the  sample  in  composed  of  a  very  poor 
quality  of  Mexican  wool  mixed  with  first  class  or  merino  wool  (the  proportion  of 
merino  wool  on  sorting  the  sample  being  found  to  be  24  per  cent),  audthat  while  the 
presence  of  wool  of  the  first  class  renders  the  importation  liable  to  the  duty  as- 
sessed, yet  it  would  be  manifestly  unjust  to  assess  that  rate  upon  such  poor  material. 

This  agrees  in  substance  with  the  reports  heretofore  received  by  you  from  Balti- 
more and  New  York,  based  on  other  samples  of  the  importation  in  question. 

The  Department,  therefore,  decides  that  the  wool  in  the  present  mixed  condition  is 
liable  to  duty  at  the  rate  assessed ;  but  in  view  of  the  opinions  expressed  by  the 
customs  officials  at  Boston,  as  above  stated,  you  are  authorized  to  have  importa- 
tions of  mixed  wools  of  this  character  sorted  for  purposes  of  correct  classification 
and  to  assess  duty  on  the  respective  quantities  of  wool  of  the  several  classes  in 
accordance  with  the  rates  provided  therefor  in  the  tariff. 

This  course  may  be  followed  in  the  present  case,  and  the  entry  adjusted  accord- 
ingly, provided  the  merchandise  still  remains  within  your  custody  and  control; 
otherwise,  your  assessment  of  duty  will  stand  affirmed. 

The  entry  received  with  your  letter  is  herewith  returned.  Sample  returned  under 
another  cover.  (7384.) 


Treasury  Department,  March  10, 1886. 

Worsted  coatings,  composed  in  part  of  wool. — The  Department  is  in  receipt 
of  your  letter  of  the  4th  instant,  submitting  the  appeal  (4109  o)  of  Messrs.  Sulz- 
bacher,  Gitterman  &  Wedeles  from  your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents 
per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  on  certain  worsted  coatings  (so  called) 
imported  by  them,  per  Rialto,  August  26,  1885. 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  goods  in  question  were  composed  of  wool,  worsted, 
and  cotton,  and  that  the  claim  of  the  appellants  that  they  contained  no  wool  is 
incorrect. 


152 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Goods  composed  in  part  of  wool  are  expressly  excluded  from  classification  under 
paragraph  363,  act  of  March  3,  1883,  and  your  assessment  of  duty  on  the  goods  in 
question,  under  paragraph  362  of  said  act,  as  manufactures  *  *  *  made  wholly 
or  in  part  of  wool,"  was  correct,  and  is  hereby  affirmed.    (7 402.) 


Treasury  Department,  March  29, 1886. 

Donskoi  wool — The  Department  duly  received  your  letters  of  the  28th  of  Novem- 
ber and  2d  of  December  last,  respectively,  concerning  the  appeal  (7513  m)  of  Wood 
&  Payson,  from  your  decision  assessing  duty  at  the  rate  of  7£  cents  per  pound  on 
certain  wool  of  the  third  class  imported  into  your  port,  per  European,  September  7, 
1885,  which  the  appellants  claim  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  2£  cents  per  pound. 

The  said  wool  consists  of  Russian  wool  known  as  Donskoi,  a  coarse  carpet  wool, 
which  is  valued  at  less  than  12  cents  per  pound  in  an  unwashed  condition,  and  the 
question  involved  in  this  appeal  is  whether  the  wool  is  scoured,  and  liable  to  "  three 
times  the  duty  to  which  it  would  be  subjected  if  imported  unwashed 99  (T.  I.,  new, 
356),  as  classified  by  you,  or  whether  it  is  simply  washed,  and  as  such  liable  to  the 
single  rate  prescribed  for  third  class  (carpet-wools)  in  a  washed  or  unwashed  con- 
dition (T.  I.,  new,  359),  as  claimed  by  the  appellants. 

This  wool,  as  an  inspection  of  the  samples  shows,  is  in  the  condition  in  which 
similar  wools  have  been  imported  for  many  years — that  is,  it  has  been  washed  after 
shearing,  and  contains  about  10  per  cent  of  dirt  and  impurities. 

These  Russian  Donskoi  wools,  as  a  large  mass  of  testimony  on  file  at  the  Department 
conclusively  indicates,  have  for  the  past  twenty  years  and  more  been  imported  into 
the  United  States  in  substantially  the  same  condition  as  the  wool  in  question,  and 
until  this  instance  have  invariably  been  classified  by  the  customs  officers  as  washed ; 
that  they  have  been  and  are  now  commercially  recognized  in  Russia  as  washed, 
having  only  undergone  the  usual  process  of  washing  wools  practiced  in  that  country, 
and  that  manufacturers  in  the  United  States  who  purchase  said  wools  subject  them 
to  the  process  of  scouring  before  using.  On  the  other  hand,  it  is  represented  that 
because  the  wool  is  washed  after  it  has  been  sheared  from  the  sheep,  and  is  in  a  com- 
paratively clean  condition,  it  is  scoured,  but  the  proofs  to  sustain  such  representations 
are  conflicting,  unsatisfactory,  and  inconclusive. 

After  careful  consideration,  the  Department  concludes  that  as  the  said  wool  is  of 
the  same  character  and  in  substantially  the  same  condition  as  the  Donskoi  wools 
which  have  been  for  such  a  long  period  of  time  commercially  known  and  classified 
as  unscoured  wools,  there  is  no  good  reason  at  this  time  (the  more  especially  in  the 
absence  of  any  new  legislation  on  the  subject)  to  change  the  practice  by  classifying 
and  subjecting  it  to  the  greatly  increased  duty  now  proposed. 

It  is,  therefore,  held  that  the  appeal  is  well  taken,  and  that  the  appellants  are 
entitled  to  a  reliquidation  of  their  entry  in  accordance  with  their  claim. 

The  views  herein  expressed  will  also  apply  to  the  entries  of  all  importations  of 
such  wools  in  like  condition  which  await  liquidation  at  your  port.  ("7438.) 


Treasury  Department,  April  20, 1886. 

Wool  and  mohair  noils. — I  am  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  15th  instant,  trans- 
mitting a  report  from  the  appraiser  at  your  port  concerning  the  practice  in  classify- 
ing for  duty  imported  wool  and  mohair  noils. 

Under  the  existing  rulings  of  the  Department,  noils  are  to  be  classified  as  the 
wools  from  which  they  are  made,  so  that  if  the  noils  come  from  class  1  wool,  and  are 
either  washed  or  scoured,  they  should,  if  washed,  pay  twice  the  rate,  and,  if  scoured, 
three  times  the  rate  of  duty  to  which  the  wool  would  have  been  liable  if  imported 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


153 


iii  an  unwashed  condition.  Noils  made  from  class  2  wool  and  Lair  of  the  alpaca, 
goat,  and  other  like  animals  (including  mohair  noils,  cashmere  noils,  etc.),  only  pay 
increased  duty  if  imported  scoured;  and  when  in  that  condition  they  are  liable  to 
three  times  the  rate  to  which  the  wool  or  hair  is  liable  in  an  unwashed  condition. 
If  these  last-mentioned  noils  are  simply  washed  and  not  scoured,  they  pay  but  a 
single  rate  of  duty. 

You  are  directed  to  cause  the  practice  at  your  port  to  conform  to  these  views,  and 
to  instruct  the  appraiser  to  consider  decision,  Synopsis,  1404,  as  modified  to  accord 
herewith.  (7470.) 


Treasury  Department,  April  21,  1886. 

We ART> ale  carpets  OR  crumb  cloths. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your 
letter  of  the  22d  ultimo,  submitting  the  appeals  (4629  o  and  4630  o)  of  The  John  Shil- 
lito  Company  from  your  assessment  of  duty  on  certain  ecru-cotton  cloths  and  wear- 
dale  carpets  imported  by  them,  entries  343,  March  3,  and  329,  March  2,  1886. 
*  *  #  *  #  *  * 

The  claim  of  the  appellants  that  the  weardale  carpets  are  crumb  cloths  intended 
to  be  placed  over  carpets  for  their  protection,  and  are  not  "  carpets  woven  whole  for 
rooms,"  is  also  substantiated,  and  it  is  ascertained  that  they  are  properly  dutiable 
at  the  rate  of  8  cents  per  square  yard  and  30  per  cent  ad  valorem,  as  two-ply  ingrain 
carpets,  under  the  provisions  therefor  in  paragraph  375,  act  of  March  3,  1883,  as 
claimed  by  the  importers. 

You  are  hereby  authorized  to  readjust  the  entries  and  to  forward  a  certified  state- 
ment for  refund  of  the  excess  of  duty.    *    *    *  (7474.) 


Treasury  Department,  April  29, 1886. 

Camel's-hair  tops — The  Department  duly  received  your  letter  of  the  9th  instant, 
reporting  in  the  matter  of  the  appeal  (4517  o)  of  Cass  &  Mote  from  your  assessment 
of  duty  at  the  rate  of  20  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  so-called  camePs-hair  tops 
imported  per  Adriatic,  December  21,  1885,  and  returned  by  the  appraiser  at  your 
port  as  nonenumerated  articles  partially  manufactured,  dutiable  under  section  2513, 
act  of  March  3,  1883. 

It  appears  that  the  merchandise  in  question  consists  of  camePs-hair  tops  that  have 
passed  through  an  extensive  process  of  cleaning  but  are  not  otherwise  manufac- 
tured. Reports  as  to  the  dutiable  character  of  these  tops  have  been  received  from 
the  collectors  and  appraisers  at  Boston  and  Philadelphia,  and  the  Department 
concurs  with  them  in  the  opinion  that  such  merchandise  can  not  be  considered  as 
manufactures  within  the  meaning  of  the  section  above  cited,  but  are  more  properly 
covered  by  the  provisions  of  T.  I.,  new,  717  of  the  free  list,  for  "hair  of  all  kinds, 
cleaned  or  uncleaned,  drawn  or  undrawn,  but  unmanufactured,  not  specially 
enumerated  or  provided  for,"  and  should  therefore  be  admitted  free  of  duty. 

The  camePs-hair  tops  in  question  are  inferior  to  camePs-hair  noils,  which,  by 
Department's  decision  of  September  20,  1875  (Synopsis,  2447),  were  held  to  be 
included  in  the  provision  in  the  old  tariff  for  u  hair  of  all  kinds,  cleaned  but  unmanu- 
factured, not  otherwise  provided  for \n  nor  are  the  tops  in  question  any  further 
advanced  in  manufacture  than  wool  tops,  which,  by  Department's  decision  of  Febru- 
ary 17,  1881  (Synopsis  4777),  were  decided  not  to  be  manufactured. 

You  are  therefore  authorized  to  reliquidate  the  entry  free  of  duty,  in  accordance 
with  the  views  herein  expressed,  and  to  take  the  necessary  steps  for  refunding  the 
duty  exacted.  (7488.) 


154 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Treasury  Department,  June  5,  1886. 

Wax  figures  dressed. — The  Department  duly  received  your  letter  of  the  14th 
ultimo,  transmitting  the  appeal  (5434o)  of  Mr.  Bernstein  from  your  assessment  of 
duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  dressed 
wax  figures  imported,  per  Suevia,  February  23,  1886,  and  returned  by  the  appraiser 
at  your  port  as  manufactures  in  part  of  wool,  not  exceeding  80  cents  per  pound  in 
value,  and  dutiable  under  T.  I.,  new,  362. 

It  appears  that  the  importation  in  question  consists  of  dressed  figures,  and  that 
the  wool  clothing  with  which  the  figures  are  clad  is  "firmly  fastened  to  them,  and 
could  not  be  removed  without  taking  the  whole  to  pieces ;  besides,  that  the  legs 
and  arms  are  stuffed  with  wool  and  cotton,  and  the  feet  covered  with  wool  socks 
and  shoes. " 

In  the  opinion  of  the  Department  the  figures  and  clothing  constitute  one  article, 
the  components  of  which  are  not  readily  separable  for  purposes  of  classification, 
and  that  accordingly  the  rule  laid  down  in  the  last  paragraph  of  article  553,  Gen- 
eral Regulations,  does  not  apply,  the  figures  being  dutiable  as  entireties. 

Neither  does  the  rate  applicable  to  wool  wearing  apparel  apply,  as  the  articles  of 
clothing  have  lost  their  identity  as  wearing  apparel  by  being  firmly  fastened  to  the 
figures,  so  that  they  could  not  be  removed  without  taking  the  whole  to  pieces. 

The  dressed  figures,  therefore,  may  be  considered  as  composed  of  wax,  cotton, 
wool,  leather,  and  other  materials,  and  being  thus  made  in  part  of  wool  are  liable 
to  duty  at  the  rate  assessed  in  this  case. 

Your  assessment  is  accordingly  affirmed.  (See  synopses,  2607,  3005,  4811,  and 
6650.  )a  (7566.) 


Treasury  Department,  June  19,  1886. 

Wool  on  "shearlings." — The  Department  duly  received  your  letter  of  the  3d 
instant,  relative  to  the  application  of  Abram  S.  Smith  &  Co.  for  refund  of  duties 
alleged  to  have  been  illegally  exacted  on  certain  70  bales  of  sheepskins  imported 
by  them  at  your  port  on  May  4  last. 

It  appears  from  an  inspection  of  the  samples  submitted,  and  from  reports  received 
thereon  from  the  collector  and  appraiser  at  Boston,  that  the  skins  in  question  are 
what  are  known  as  shearlings,  and  are  entitled  to  free  entry  under  the  provision  in 
paragraph  719  of  the  free  list,  act  of  March  3,  1883,  for  "  hides,  raw  or  uncured, 
*  *  *  and  skins,  except  sheepskins  with  the  wool  on, "  and  in  accordance  with 
Department's  decision  of  June  30,  1879  (Synopsis,  4069). 

The  imposition  by  you,  therefore,  of  duty  on  the  small  quantity  (estimated  at 
about  2£  ounces)  of  wool  found  on  each  skin,  which  the  appraiser  at  Boston  reports 
to  be  too  short  for  commercial  value,  was  not  warranted  under  the  circumstances, 
and  you  are  accordingly  authorized  to  reliquidate  the  entry  free  of  duty  and  to 
take  the  necessary  steps  for  refunding  the  duty  exacted.    *    *    *  (7588.) 


Treasury  Department,  June  19, 1886, 
Wool,  snow-white  cape — classified  as  "  scoured/7 — The  Department  is  in 
receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  21st  ultimo,  transmitting  the  appeal  (5530o)  of  E.  A. 
Adams  &  Co.  from  your  decision  assessing  duty  at  the  rate  of  30  cents  per  pound 
on  certain  so-called  " colonial  wool"  imported  into  your  port,  per  Pieter  de  Connielc 
(67  bales),  Stockholm  City  (95  bales),  and  Durham  City  (124  bales),  in  March  last, 
which  the  appellants  claim  to  be  duitable  at  the  rate  of  20  cents  per  pound,  as  washed 
wool. 


a  The  only  decision  referring  to  wax  figures  is  that  numbered  4811. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


155 


It  appears  that  wool  of  this  character,  which  is  known  as  u  snow-white  cape,"  has 
for  a  long  period,  since  the  year  1873,  been  classified  at  your  port  as  washed  wool, 
hut  that,  on  receipt  of  Department's  telegraphic  instructions  to  you  of  the  1st  of 
March  last,  such  practice  was  changed,  and  that  as  the  importations  occurred  after 
the  last-named  date,  you  classified  the  wool  in  question  as  "  scoured,"  and  assessed 
duty  thereon  accordingly. 

The  result  of  the  investigation  heretofore  made  by  the  Department  in  the  matter 
showed  conclusively  that  such  wool  is  admitted  on  all  hands,  both  at  the  ports  of 
New  York,  Philadelphia,  and  elsewhere,  to  be  scoured,  and  that  it  has  always  been 
classified  at  those  ports  as  such,  the  same  now  paying  a  duty  of  30  cents  per  pound 
under  the  provisions  of  Schedule  K. 

The  Department  must,  therefore,  hold  that  wool  of  this  character  can  not  be 
admitted  at  a  less  rate  of  duty  than  that  prescribed  for  scoured  wool. 

In  view,  however,  of  the  fact  that  the  wool  covered  by  the  entries  in  question  was 
ordered  by  the  importers  during  the  continuance  of  the  practice  at  your  port  above 
mentioned,  and  was  actually  on  the  voyage  bound  to  your  port  at  the  date  of  such 
telegraphic  instructions  aforesaid,  viz,  on  the  1st  of  March  last,  the  Department  is 
of  opinion  that  the  appellants  are  entitled,  in  all  equity,  to  have  the  wool  classified 
as  washed,  in  accordance  with  the  practice  then  in  force  at  your  port,  which  was 
inaugurated  by  a  communication  addressed  by  the  Department  to  the  collector  of 
customs  at  Boston  on  November  15,  1873  (not  published). 

The  Department,  therefore,  excepts  the  entries  in  question  from  the  operation  of 
said  instructions  of  the  1st  of  March  last,  and  authorizes  you  to  reliquidate  the  same 
by  classifying  the  wool  as  washed. 

It  will  be  distinctly  understood,  however,  that  other  importations  of  similar  wools 
shall  be  classified  as  scoured  under  the  said  instructions.  (7589.) 


Treasury  Department,  July  2,  1886. 

Goat's  hair. — I  have  your  letter  of  the  9th  ultimo  and  samples  further  relating 
to  the  classification  under  the  tariff  acts  of  imported  goat's  hair. 

The  sample  you  submit  undoubtedly  represents  a  poor  quality  of  goat's  hair.  For 
the  purpose  of  such  classification,  however,  it  is  immaterial  how  poor  in  quality  or 
for  what  use  the  goat's  hair  maybe  intended,  inasmuch  as  it  is  clearly  and  expressly 
provided  for  in  Schedule  K  by  the  clause  to  which  your  attention  was  directed  by 
Department's  communication  of  the  27th  of  May  last,  "  all  hair  of  the  #  *  *  goat," 
and  is  dutiable  at  10  cents  per  pound.    (76 14.) 


Treasury  Department,  July  8, 1886. 

Lace  goods,  wool. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  17th 
ultimo,  submitting  the  appeal  (6206o)  of  Messrs.  Letson  &  Hashagen  from  your 
assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  9  cents  per  square  yard  and  40  per  cent  ad 
valorem  on  certain  "  all-wool  laces"  imported  by  them,  per  Labrador,  March  4, 1886. 

The  goods  in  question,  it  appears,  are  wool  lace  dress  goo  ds,  41  inches  wide,  used 
for  women's  and  children's  dresses,  and  similar  to  those  covered  by  the  Department's 
decisions  of  May  13  and  24,  1886  (not  published),  and  held  to  be  dutiable  under  the 
provision  in  paragraph  365,  act  of  March  3, 1883,  "for  women's  and  children's  dress 
goods." 

The  claim  of  the  appellants  that  the  goods  are  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per 
pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  is  therefore  rejected.  (7621.) 


156 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Treasury  Department.  July  8, 18S6. 
Shoes,  Chinese — wearing  apparel  in  part  of  *  *  *  hair. — The  Department 
is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  May  18  last,  submitting  the  appeal  (5449o)  ofQuong 
Wah  Lung  from  your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  Chinese  shoes  imported  by  him  (entry  No.  7459)  Decem- 
ber 30, 1885. 

The  appellant  claims  that  the  shoes  in  question,  which  are  composed  of  cotton, 
leather,  and  pith,  are  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  as  "  manufac- 
tures of  cotton  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for." 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  soles  of  the  shoes,  which  are  about  1  inch  in  thick- 
ness, are  composed  largely  of  hair,  and  that  they  were  therefore  classified  for  duty 
under  the  provision  in  paragraph  366,  act  of  March  3,  1883,  for  "  wearing  apparel 
of  every  description  *  *  *  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  worsted,  the 
hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  or  other  animals." 

An  examination  of  the  sample  submitted  confirms  the  report  of  the  appraiser,  and, 
as  the  hair  forms  a  substantial  component  material  in  the  shoes,  the  Department 
decides  that  they  are  properly  dutiable  as  classified,  and  your  decision  is  hereby 
affirmed.    *    *    *  (7622.) 


Treasury  Department,  July  10, 1886. 

"  Croise." — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  22d  ultimo,  sub- 
mitting the  following  appeals  from  your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rates  of  24  cents 
per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  and  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad 
valorem  on  certain  so-called  dress  goods  embraced  therein,  viz :  6258  o,  G.  W.  Shel- 
don &  Co.,  Bhaetia,  April  1, 1886;  6259  o,  Sullivan,  Vail  &  Co.,  Zeeland,  December  16, 
1885;  6260o,  Sullivan,  Vail  &  Co.,  Bhynland,  January  16,  1886. 

From  the  report  of  the  appraiser  and  the  sample  submitted,  it  appears  that  the 
goods  in  question  are  known  as  "  croise,"  and  consist  of  worsted  and  cotton  goods 
of  light  weight,  which  are  known  commercially  as  worsted  coatings,  and  not  as 
women's  and  children's  dress  goods,  and  that  they  were  classified  for  duty  as  "  manu- 
factures of  worsted  and  cotton,"  under  paragraph  363,  act  of  March  3,  1883. 

In  a  letter  addressed  to  you  under  date  of  May  13,  last  (not  published),  the 
Department  decided  that  these  goods  were  not  entitled  to  entry  as  women's  and 
children's  dress  goods  and  the  claim  of  the  appellants  is  therefore  rejected.  (  7624 .) 


Treasury  Department,  July  14, 1886. 

Worsted  dress  goods, women's  and  children's — "  Fancy  zephyr"  cloth. — The 
Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  10th  instant,  transmitting  the  appeal 
(6673  o)  of  Messrs.  Shepard,  Nor  well  &  Co.,  from  your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate 
of  7  cents  per  square  yard  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  so-called  cotton 
cloth,  or  u  fancy  zephyrs,"  imported  by  them,  per  Carthaginian,  March  31,  1886,  and 
claimed  to  be  dutiable  only  at  40  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

From  the  report  of  the  appraiser  and  an  inspection  of  the  sample  submitted  it 
appears  that  the  merchandise  in  question  consists  of  cloth  the  body  of  which  is  of 
cotton  and  which  is  ornamented  by  being  partly  covered  with  tufts  of  worsted,  and 
that  this  worsted  adds  largely  to  the  value  of  the  goods. 

This  cloth  is  evidently  manufactured  for  women's  and  children's  dress  goods,  and 
is  therefore  specially  provided  for  in  T.  L,  new,  365,  and  when  valued  at  above  20 
cents  per  square  yard  is  dutiable  at  the  rate  assessed  in  this  case. 

Your  assessment  is  hereby  affirmed.  C7630.) 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


157 


Treasury  Department,  September  20,  1880. 

Hosiery  saxolaine. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  9th 
instant,  submitting  the  appeal  (7700  o)  of  Messrs.  Claflin,  Larrabee  &  Co.,  from  your 
assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  on 
certain  saxolaine  hosiery  imported  by  them,  per  Glaucus,  July  22,  1886. 

The  appellants  claim  that  the  quantity  of  wool  contained  in  the  stockings  is  too 
insignificant  to  govern  the  classification,  and  that  they  are  dutiable  at  the  rate  of 
40  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  stockings  are  composed  of  cotton  and  wool,  and 
that,  although  of  comparatively  small  value,  the  merino  sole  gives  to  them  their 
distinctive  character,  the  word  "  saxolaine  "  being  printed  on  the  foot,  and  the  label 
being  marked  (t  medicated  merino." 

The  Department  decides  that  the  stockings,  being  knit  goods,  were  properly  classi- 
fied as  such,  under  paragraph  363,  act  of  March  3,  1883,  and  your  assessment  of  duty 
thereon  is  hereby  affirmed.    *    #    *    (775 6«) 


Treasury  Department,  November  11,  1886. 

Wool  waste — sweepings,  tags,  etc. — I  am  in  receipt  of  your  letter  dated  the 
3d  instant,  transmitting  a  communication  from  Messrs.  Bissinger  &  Co.,  dated  the 
2d  instant,  and  requesting  to  be  informed  as  to  the  proper  classification  of  certain 
wool  imported  into  your  port,  a  sample  of  which  you  inclose. 

The  wool,  it  appears,  consists  of  " sweepings"  and  "tags/'  so  called,  of  clothing- 
wool,  which  have  been  picked  up  on  the  ranges  after  the  winter  is  past,  and  from 
sheep  which  perished  during  snowstorms,  etc.  It  is  in  a  very  rotten  and  dirty  con- 
dition, and  is  evidently  worthless  for  the  purposes  for  which  wool  is  used,  it  being 
fit  only  for  use,  after  being  cleaned,  in  stuffing  carwheels  over  the  axle  to  absorb  the 
oil  or  tallow  used  in  feeding  the  axles. 

Although  not,  perhaps,  the  woolen  waste  of  commerce,  which  is  specified  in  Sched- 
ule K  (T.  I.,  new,  361)  it  would  seem  to  assimilate  to  that  article.  The  opinion  is, 
therefore,  exj)ressed  that  it  is  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  10  cents  per  pound,  either  as 
woolen  waste  or  first-class  wool.  If  the  importers  are  dissatisfied  with  such  classi- 
fication they  have  their  remedy  by  protest  and  appeal,  under  section  2931  of  the 
Revised  Statutes.  (7860.) 


Treasury  Department,  November  12,  1886. 

Mixed  wools. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  9th  instant,  in 
regard  to  the  classification  of  certain  Mexican  wool  imported  at  Laredo,  Tex,,  and 
transported  thence  in  bond  to  your  port  consigned  to  Messrs.  F.  Probst  &  Co. 

The  appraiser  at  your  port  reports  that  upon  the  examination  of  the  three  bags 
ordered  to  the  appraiser's  store,  it  was  found  that  they  contained  a  percentage  of 
medium  clothing  or  class  1  wool,  mixed  with  carpet  or  class  3  wool;  that  he 
examined  the  rest  of  the  importation,  with  the  same  result,  and  that  the  whole 
importation  was  classified  as  class  1  wool,  under  the  provisions  of  section  2912, 
Revised  Statutes. 

The  deputy  collector  at  Laredo,  it  appears,  sorted  the  wool  in  question,  and  classi- 
fied it  partly  as  first  and  partly  as  third  class  wool,  and  his  action  in  the  premises, 
being  in  conformity  with  the  Department's  instructions  of  February  27, 1886  (synop- 
sis, 7384),  is  approved. 

Section  2912,  Revised  Statutes,  referred  to  by  you,  does  not  appear  to  have  any 
bearing  on  this  case,  inasmuch  as  it  relates  to  different  qualities,  and  values  of  the 
same  class  of  wool,  and  not  to  different  classes,  when  contained  in  the  same  pack- 
age, and  you  are  therefore  instructed  to  liquidate  the  entry  in  accordance  with  the 
classification  made  at  Laredo,    *   *    *  C7§63.) 


158 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL, 


Treasury  Department,  December  S>  1886. 

Broche  carpets. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letters  of  the  13th 
ultimo,  submitting  the  appeals  (9019  o  and  9020  o)  of  Messrs.  Mandel  Bros,  from 
your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  30  cents  per  square  yard  and  30  per  cent  ad 
valorem  on  certain  Broch6  carpets  imported  by  them  at  your  port,  entries  Nos.5787, 
September  20,  and  5551,  September  13,  1886. 

The  appellants  claim  that  the  carpets  in  question  are  entitled  to  entry  at  the  rate 
of  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  provision  in  paragraph  378,  act  of  March  3, 
1883,  for  "  carpets  and  carpetings  of  wool    *    *    *   not  otherwise  herein  specified." 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  carpets  are  Brussels  carpets,  in  which  a  portion  of 
the  threads  have  been  cut  to  bring  out  certain  figures  in  imitation  of  the  figures  in 
Wilton  carpets,  and  that,  as  Brussels  carpet  was  the  chief  feature,  they  were  classi- 
fied under  the  provision  in  paragraph  371,  act  of  March  3,  1883,  for  "  Brussels  car- 
pets." 

The  appraiser  at  New  York  reports  that  the  cutting  of  the  pile  or  thread  on  part 
of  the  figures  in  carpets  of  this  description  does  not  remove  the  carpets  from  the 
category  of  Brussels  carpets,  and  that  they  are  so  classified  at  that  port. 

This  classification  is  in  harmony  with  the  Department's  decision  of  August  20, 1884 
(synopsis,  6538),  on  Byzantine  carpets,  and  your  assessment  of  duty  is  hereby 
affirmed.  ("7894.) 


Treasury  Department,  December  9, 1886. 

Hair  felt. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  October  26  last,  sub- 
mitting the  appeal  (8747  o)  of  Messrs.  G.  W.  Sheldon  &  Co.,  from  your  assessment  of 
duty  at  the  rate  of  18  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  hair 
felt,  so  called,  imported  at  your  port,,  entry  No.  4736,  August  14,  1886,  and  claimed 
to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  30  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  provisions  in  para- 
graph 445,  act  of  March  3,  1883,  for  "  all  other  manufactures  of  hair  not  specially 
enumerated  or  provided  for. 

The  sample  of  the  felt  has  been  submitted  to  the  appraiser  at  New  York,  who 
reports,  under  date  of  the  30th  ultimo,  that  upon  chemical  analysis  it  was  found  to 
be  composed  of  wool  and  hair  felted. 

It  is,  therefore,  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad 
valorem,  under  the  provision  in  paragraph  362  of  said  act,  for  "  all  manufactures  of 
wool  of  every  description  made  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,"  and  in  accordance  with 
Department's  decision  of  April  26,  1886  (unprinted). 

You  will,  therefore,  readjust  the  entry  at  that  rate  and  take  measures  for  collect- 
ing the  duties  still  due  thereon.  (7912.) 


Treasury  Department,  December  10, 1886. 

Ring  waste. — I  inclose  herewith,  for  your  guidance  and  information,  copy  of  a 
decision  rendered  this  day  as  to  the  dutiable  character  of  so-called  ring  waste,  an 
importation  of  which  it  appears  recently  arrived  at  St.  Albans,  in  your  district,  and 
was  forwarded  to  New  York  in  bond,  the  entry  being  liquidated  at  the  rate  of  30 
per  cent  ad'valorem,  as  scoured  wool. 

The  waste  in  question  is  not  of  the  same  character  as  the  "slubbings,"  "tops," 
etc.,  which  were  the  subject  of  Department's  decision  (Synopses,  5820  (a)  and  6884), 
referred  to  in  your  letter  of  the  22d  ultimo  to  the  collector  at  New  York,  inasmuch 
as  it  consists  of  the  refuse  from  the  spindles,  having  been  wound  thereon,  and  so 


a  See  note  to  No.  6884. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


159 


can  not  be  utilized  without  being  broken  by  machinery,  thus  destroying  the  fiber  of 

the  wool  and  the  utility  of  the  article  for  other  purposes  than  that  of  waste. 
»#*#**  # 

You  are  requested  to  inform  your  deputies  at  St.  Albans  and  elsewhere  of  the 
nature  of  the  inclosed  ruling,  in  order  that  this  article  may  be  properly  classified 
hereafter.  (?915«) 


Treasury  Department,  January  8, 1887. 

Slipper  patterns — embroidered. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter 
of  the  31st  ultimo,  transmitting  the  appeal  (9538  o)  of  Mr.  H.  E.  Frankenberg  from 
your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem 
on  certain  embroidery  on  cotton  imported  by  him,  per  Werra,  August  18,  1886. 

It  appears,  from  the  report  of  the  appraiser  and  an  inspection  of  the  sample  sub- 
mitted, that  the  goods  in  question  are  commercially  known  as  "  cotton  slipper  pat- 
terns," and  that  they  are  embroidered  with  worsted,  and  valued  at  over  80  cents  per 
pound. 

Your  assessment  of  duty  thereon,  being  in  accordance  with  T.  I.,  new,  363,  and 
Department's  decisions  of  April  22,  1884  (Synopsis,  6309),  and  April  16,  1885  (unpub- 
lished), is  hereby  affirmed,  (*965») 


Treasury  Department,  January  IS,  1887. 

Reappraisements  of  wool.— The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the 
7th  instant,  in  which,  stating  a  case  which  comes  before  you  under  section  2930  of 
the  Revised  Statutes,  where  the  general  and  merchant  appraisers  have  disagreed  as 
to  the  value  of  certain- imported  wool,  you  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  while  the 
law  imposing  duty  on  wools  prescribes  that  the  value  at  the  last  port  or  place 
whence  imported  to  the  United  States  shall  fix  the  classification,  the  oath  taken  by 
the  merchant  appraiser  requires  him  to  report  "the  actual  market  value  or  whole- 
sale price  thereof  *  *  *  in  the  principal  markets  of  the  country  from  which 
the  same  was  imported  into  the  United  States."  You  state  that  the  oath  being  at 
variance  with  the  language  of  the  statute,  the  same  is,  in  your  opinion,  inoperative, 
and  makes  the  whole  action  of  the  merchant  appraiser  a  nullity,  since  the  oath 
requires  him  to  disregard  the  law. 

As  requested  in  your  letter,  the  matter  was  submitted  to  the  Solicitor  of  the 
Treasury  for  his  opinion,  and  I  now  transmit  herewith  a  copy  of  a  letter  from  that 
officer,  dated  the  12th  instant,  which  embodies  his  views  on  the  question  submitted. 

You  will  notice  that  the  Solicitor  advises  that  the  oath  to  be  administered  to  the 
merchant  appraiser,  in  the  case  of  reappraisements  of  wool,  should  conform  to  the 
requirements  of  the  statute  making  it  obligatory  upon  him  to  report  the  values  of 
the  wools  at  the  last  port  or  place  whence  they  are  exported  to  the  United  States. 

The  Department  concurs  with  the  Solicitor  in  the  opinion  thus  expressed,  and  you 
will  be  governed  accordingly.  (79780 


Treasury  Department,  January  18, 1887. 
Saddlebag s . — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  a  letter,  dated  the  8th  instant, 
from  the  U.  S.  general  appraiser  at  Philadelphia,  in  which  he  reports  that, 
according  to  a  statement  received  from  your  port,  saddlebags  of  which  Brussels 
carpet  forms  the  component  material  of  chief  value  appear  to  have  been  classified  at 
the  rate  of  30  cents  per  square  yard  and  30  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  provision 
in  Schedule  K  (T.  L,  new,  371^  for  "  Brussels  carpets." 


160 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Referriug  to  Department's  decisions  of  Jnne  25,  1883  (Synopsis,  5776),  and  August 
10,  1883  (Synopsis,  5853),  you  are  informed  that,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Department, 
saddlebags  are  dutiable  at  the  rate  provided  in  Schedule  N.  (T.  I.,  new,  415)  for 
"  saddlery,"  viz,  35  per  cent  ad  valorem.  (7990.) 


Treasury  Department,  January  21,  1887. 

Goat  hair  of  the  common  goat  unfit  for  combing  purposes.— The  Department 
is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  4th  instant,  further  reporting  on  the  appeal  (8785  o) 
of  Mr.  Henry  Schmidt  from  your  decision  assessing  duty  at  the  rate  of  10  cents  per 
pound  on  certain  raw  hair  of  the  common  goat  imported,  per  British  King,  on  the  2d 
of  August  last,  which  the  appellant  claims  to  be  exempt  from  duty. 

The  appellant  represents  that  the  hair  in  question  is  refuse  common  goat  hair,  unfit 
for  combing  purposes,  which  can  only  be  utilized  in  mixing  mortar,  stuffing  sad- 
dlery, etc.,  and  an  inspection  of  samples  verifies  such  representations. 

It  is  urged  by  you  that  goat  hair  of  this  character  which  is  totally  unfit  for  comb- 
ing purposes  is  not  covered  by  the  provisions  of  Schedule  K  (T.  I.,  new,  354  and  358), 
which  relate  to  "  class  two,  combing  wools,  *  *  *  and  also  all  hair  of  the  alpaca, 
goat,  and  other  like  animals,"  but  is  exempt  from  duty  under  the  provision  in  the 
free  list  (T.  I.,  new,  717)  for  "  hair  of  all  kinds    *    *    *    unmanufactured,"  etc. 

This  question  was  to  a  certain  extent  considered  by  the  court  in  the  case  of  the 
United  States  r.  McNeely  recently  decided  at  Philadelphia,  where  it  was  held  that 
goat  hair  unfit  for  combing  purposes  was  exempt  from  duty  as  aforesaid.  The 
U.  S.  Attorney-General  also,  to  whom  the  matter  was  submitted,  by  a  letter 
dated  the  15th  instant,  advises  that,  in  his  opinion,  the  decision  of  the  court  was 
right,  and  that  goat  hair  unfit  for  combing  purposes  is  entitled  to  free  entry,  under 
the  provision  in  the  "  free  list,"  above  referred  to. 

The  Department  concurs  in  such  views,  and  holds  that  the  said  appeal  is  well 
taken,  and  that  the  common  goat  hair  in  question  is  exempt  from  duty. 

You  will  reliquidate  the  entry  accordingly,  and,  if  necessary,  take  the  usual  steps 
for  refunding  the  duties  erroneously  exacted. 

The  previous  rulings  of  May  27  and  July  2,  1886  (Synopses,  7544  and  7614),  will 
be  considered  as  modified  to  accord  herewith.  C7999.) 


Treasury  Department,  February  i,  1887. 
Croise. — The  Department  duly  received  your  letter  of  the  18th  of  December  last, 
transmitting  the  appeal  (9765  o)  of  Messrs.  Kahn  Bros.,  Bine  &  Co.  from  your  deci- 
sion assessing  duty  at  the  rate  of  9  cents  per  square  yard  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem 
on  certain  so-called  "  croise"  imported  into  your  port,  per  rail  from  New  York,  under 
immediate-transportation  entry  1951,  August  17  last,  which  was  returned  by  the 
appraiser  at  your  port  as  "  worsted  dress  goods,"  weighing  under  4  ounces  per  square 
yard. 

The  appellants,  however,  claim  that  the  merchandise  in  question  consists  of  man- 
ufactures of  worsted,  or  "  worsted  coatings,"  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  24  cents  per 
pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  provisions  of  paragraph  363,  T.  I.,  new, 
and  Department's  decision  of  July  10, 1886  (Synopsis,  7624). 

It  appears  from  a  report  received  from  the  appraiser  at  New  York,  to  whom  sam- 
ples of  the  merchandise  were  submitted,  that  they  represent  what  are  commer- 
cially known  as  "  women's  and  children's  dress  goods,"  and  are  used  entirely  as 
such,  being  composed  wholly  of  worsted,  40  inches  wide  and  weighing  about  3 
ounces  to  the  yard,  whereas  the  merchandise  covered  by  the  decision  above  referred 
to  is  composed  of  cotton  in  the  warp  and  worsted  in  the  weft,  54  inches  wide,  weight- 
ing about  Qi  ounces  to  the  yard,  and  is  used  for  men's  wear. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  161 

The  merchandise  in  question,  therefore,  being  in  fact  women's  and  children's  dress- 
goods,  and  being  composed  wholly  of  worsted,  is  dutiable  under  the  special  provision 
therefor  in  Schedule  K  (T.  I.,  new,  365),  of  the  act  of  March  3,  1883,  at  the  rate 
assessed  by  you  in  this  case. 

Your  decision  is  hereby  affirmed.  (8020.) 


Treasury  Department,  February  11,  1887. 
u  Gloria  cloth." — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  27th  ultimo, 
submitting  the  following  appeals  of  Messrs.  Bister  &  Schmidt  from  your  assessment 
of  duty  at  the  rate  of  7  cents  per  square  yard  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain 
"gloria  cloths"  imported  by  them. 

#  #  *  *  *  #  # 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  goods  in  question,  which  vary  in  width  from  46  to 
120  centimeters,  and  are  composed  of  silk  in  the  warp  aud  worsted  in  the  weft,  are 
similar  to  women's  and  children's  dress-goods,  and  are  dutiable  at  the  rate  assessed, 
under  paragraph  365,  act  of  March  3, 1883,  and  the  Department's  decision  of  April 
15,  1885  (not  published). 

Your  assessment  of  duty  thereon  is  hereby  affirmed.  (8050.) 


Treasury  Department,  February  25, 1887. 
Noils. — On  the  20th  of  April,  1886  (synopsis  7470),  the  Department  instructedyou 
as  folloA-f  s : 

Under  the  existing  rulings  of  the  Department  noils  are  to  be  classified  as  the  wools 
from  which  they  are  made,  so  that  if  the  noils  come  from  class  1  wool,  and  are  either 
washed  or  scoured,  they  should,  if  washed,  pay  twice  the  rate,  and,  if  scoured,  three 
times  the  rate  of  duty  to  which  the  wool  would  have  been  liable  if  imported  in  an 
unwashed  condition.  Noils  made  from  class  2  wool  and  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  and 
other  like  animals  (including  mohair  noils,  cashmere  noils,  etc.),  only  pay  increased 
duty  if  imported  scoured,  and  when  in  that  condition  they  are  liable  to  three  times 
the  rate  to  which  the  wool  or  hair  is  liable  in  an  unwashed  condition. 

If  these  last-mentioned  noils  are  simply  washed  and  not  scoured,  they  pay  but  a 
single  rate  of  duty. 

It  is  understood  that  under  these  instructions  imported  noils  are  now  habitually 
elassified  as  scoured  wools,  it  being  held  that  all  noils  come  from  scoured  wools,  and 
that  the  fact  of  their  original  production  makes  them  liable  under  such  instructions 
to  the  rate  of  duty  prescribed  by  the  statute  for  scoured  wools. 

It  was  not  the  intention,  however,  by  such  instructions  to  cause  such  a  practice  to 
prevail,  but  simply  to  have  all  imported  noils  classified  in  accordance  with  the  con- 
dition in  which  they  may  be  when  imported — that  is  to  say,  if  in  a  scoured  condition, 
to  pay  duty  as  scoured  wool;  if  washed,  as  washed  wool,  etc. 

Noils  are  the  product  of  combing  scoured  and  washed  wools,  and  consist  of  tufts 
of  short  hair  which  contain  all  the  impurities  of  such  wools,  with  the  addition  of 
the  oil  and  grease  which  may  adhere  to  the  noils  in  the  process  of  combing. 

The  appraisers  should  therefore  be  instructed  upon  the  importation  of  any  noils 
to  make  a  careful  examination  thereof,  and  if  it  is  found  that  the  noils  are  in  such  a 
condition  as  to  be  commercially  known  as  washed,  to  return  them  as  such,  in  order 
that  the  triple  rate  of  duty  shall  only  be  imposed  when  such  examination  clearly 
demonstrates  that  the  noils  are  in  a  scoured  condition.  (8010.) 


Treasury  Department,  March  9, 1887. 
Elastic  gaiter- we  being. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  1st 
instant,  reporting  further  on  the  appeal  (164p)  of  Messrs.  Salomon  &  Phillips  from 
yonr  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  30  cents  per  pound  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem. 
H.  Mis,  94- — 11 


162 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


on  certain  webbing  imported  by  them,  per  Etruria,  April  19,  1886,  and  claimed  to 
be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  30  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  provision  in  paragraph 
453,  act  of  March  3,  1883,  for  "  India-rubber  fabrics,  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of 
India  rubber." 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  merchandise  in  question  was  elastic  gaiter-webbing, 
composed  of  worsted,  cotton,  and  India  rubber,  and  that  it  was  classified  as  "  web- 
bing *  *  *  wrought  by  hand  or  braided  by  machinery  *  *  *  of  which 
*  *  *  worsted  *  *  *  is  a  component  material,"  under  the  provision  therefor 
in  paragraph  368,  act  of  March  3,  1883,  and  the  Department's  decision  of  April  23, 
1886  (not  published). 

The  decision  of  the  U.  S.  Supreme  Court  in  the  case  of  Beard  v.  Nichols  et  al., 
which  was  acquiesced  in  by  the  Department  on  the  19th  ultimo  (not  published),  and 
which  covered  similar  goods  imported  prior  to  the  time  when  the  act  of  March  3, 
1883,  went  into  effect,  is  not  applicable  to  importations  under  said  act,  inasmuch 
as  the  term  "  webbing  n  is  not  used  in  the  new  act,  and  the  decision  is  based  on  the 
use  of  that  term  in  the  old  act  (T.  I.,  old,  388). 

Your  assesment  of  duty  is  hereby  affirmed.  (8102.) 


Treasury  Department,  March  22,  1887. 

Embroidered  bath  wraps  and  slippers. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your 
letter  of  the  16th  instant,  reporting  further  on  the  appeals  (457p  and  457-Jp)  of 
Messrs.  Richardson  &  Gerts  from  your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  40  cents  per 
pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  bath  wraps  and  sandals  imported  by 
them,  per  Samaria,  December  6,  1886,  and  Glaucus,  January  24,  1887. 

Protest  not  having  been  filed  in  due  time  for  the  entry  per  Samaria,  the  Depart- 
ment declines  to  entertain  the  appeal  457p. 

The  appellants  claim  that  the  wraps  in  question,  which  are  made  of  cotton  Turk- 
ish toweling,  embroidered  with  colored  worsted,  are  properly  subject  to  duty  at 
the  rate  of  35  per  cent  ad  valorem  as  u  cotton  goods." 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  embroidery  is  sufficiently  elaborate  to  greatly 
enhance  their  value  and  become  an  important  material  in  their  construction,  and 
that,  in  his  opinion,  the  worsted  should  govern  their  classification. 

An  inspection  of  the  samples  submitted  shows  that  the  articles  are  loose  wraps  and 
sandals,  intended  for  use  in  the  bath,  which  are  composed  of  Turkish  toweling,  and 
are  elaborately  and  expensively  embroidered  with  worsted  down  the  front  on  each 
side,  on  the  hood,  and  on  each  sleeve,,  the  embroidery  probably  forming  the  chief 
element  of  value,  and  certainly  forming  a  leading  feature;  and  the  sandals  are  also 
embroidered  in  the  same  style  as  the  robe. 

The  Department  is  therefore  of  opinion  that  they  were  correctly  classified  for 
duty  under  the  provision  in  paragraph  366,  act  of  March  3,  1883,  for  "clothing, 
ready-made,  and  wearing  apparel  of  every  description  *  *  *  composed  wholly  or 
in  part  of  wool,  worsted,  *  *  *  made  up  or  manufactured  wholly  or  in  part  by 
the  tailor,  seamstress,  or  manufacturer."  (See  synopses  2134,  2678,  2694,  2712.  and 
3712J 

Your  decision  is  hereby  affirmed.  (8126.) 


Treasury  Department,  March  24,  1887. 
Horse-clothing. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  19th  instant, 
transmitting  the  appeal  (1512p)  of  the  Studebaker  Bros/  Manufacturing  Company 
from  your  decision  assessing  duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent 
ad  valorem  on  certain  horse-clothing  imported  into  the  port  of  New  York,  per  Ger- 
manic, January  20,  1887,  and  thence  transported  to  your  port  under  immediate-trans- 
portation entry  No,  26, 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


163 


The  appellants  claim  the  articles  are  dutiable  only  at  the  rate  of  35  per  cent  ad 
valorem,  under  the  provisions  in  T.  L,  415,  for  "  coach  and  harness  furniture  of  all 
kinds,  saddlery, "  etc. 

It  appears  from  the  report  of  the  appraiser  submitted  with  your  letter  that  the 
clothing  in  question,  which  is  composed  principally  of  wool,  consists  of  such  articles 
as  hoods  and  bandages  for  the  legs,  etc.,  none  of  which  form  a  part  of  or  are  essential 
to  the  articles  enumerated  in  T.  I.,  415. 

The  clothing  in  question  is  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for  in  the  tariff,  * 
and,  being  composed  in  part  of  wool,  is  dutiable  at  the  rate  assessed  by  you,  under 
the  provision  in  T.  I.,  362,  for  u  manufactures    *    *    *    made  wholly  or  in  part  of 
wool. " 

Your  decision  therefore  is  hereby  affirmed.  (8132.) 


Treasury  Department,  March  28,  1887. 

Worsted  veilings. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  22d  instant, 
transmitting  the  appeal  (1526^)  of  Messrs.  S.  Oppenheimer  &,  Levy  from  your  assess- 
ment of  duty  at  the  rate  pf  9  cents  per  square  yard  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  on 
certain  so-called  "  worsted  veilings ".  imported  by  them,  per  St.  Laurent,  December 
30,  1885,  and  returned  as  u  all-wool  dress  goods,"  the  appellants  claiming  the  same 
to  be  dutiable  at  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  as  a  manufacture 
of  worsted  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for. 

It  appears,  from  the  report  of  the  appraiser  and  an  inspection  of  the  sample  sub- 
mitted, that  the  merchandise  in  question  is  a  manufacture  exclusively  of  wool,  and 
known  and  used  almost  exclusively  for  women's  and  children's  dress  goods.  It  was, 
therefore,  correctly  classified  for  duty  under  T.  I.,  new,  365. 

Your  assessment  of  duty  is  affirmed.  (§140.) 


Treasury  Department,  April  21,  1887. 

Mixed  wools. — In  reply  to  your  letter  of  the  11th  instant,  in  which  you  inquire 
if,  when  "  mixed  wool  is  imported  and  it  is  required  to  be  sorted  for  the  purposes  of 
correct  classification  and  assessment  of  duty,  as  permitted  by  Department's  deci- 
sion of  February  27,  1886  (Synopsis  7384),  it  is  necessary  to  separate  the  respective 
classes  and  repack  them  in  separate  bags  or  whether  a  thorough  examination  and 
determination  of  the  quantity  of  each  class  will  suffice,"  you  are  informed  that  the 
sorting  referred  to  in  said  decision  should  not  be  resorted  to  except  in  cases  where 
the  correct  classification  of  the  wool  cannot  be  otherwise  determined,  and  was  only 
authorized  by  the  Department  in  order  to  provide  for  the  assessment  of  duty  on 
importations  of  mixed  wool  at  the  rates  applicable  to  the  respective  quantities  of 
each  class  therein  contained,  instead  of  at  the  rate  applicable  to  the  highest  of 
said  classes,  which  would  otherwise  have  to  be  imposed. 

In  cases,  therefore,  where  the  correct  classification  and  determination  of  the  quan- 
tity of  each  class  of  wool  can,  as  suggested  by  you,  be  arrived  at  without  sorting 
the  same,  no  objection  is  seen  to  the  adoption  of  that  course,  provided,  however, 
that  the  importers  assent  and  waive  all  objections  thereto  in  writing;  otherwise 
duty  should  be  assessed  either  at  the  rate  applicable  to  the  highest  class  of  wool 
found  in  the  mixed  packages,  or  at  the  rates  applicable  to  the  several  classes  as 
ascertained  by  sorting.    (8 18 7.) 


Treasury  Department,  April  22,  1887 . 
Saddle  felt. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  15th  instant, 
transmitting  the  appeal  (2013 p)  of  Mr.  J.  H.  Fenton  from  your  decision  assessing 
duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  saddle- 


164 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


felt  imported  by  him  into  the  port  of  New  York,  thence  transported  under  immediate- 
transportation  entry  No.  2908,  and  entered  for  consumption  under  entry  No.  1421, 
March  5,  1887. 

The  appellant  claims  that  said  saddle  felt  is  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  35  per  cent  ad 
valorem  only  under  the  provision  in  Schedule  N  (T.  I.,  415)  for  saddlery  not  specially 
enumerated  or  provided  for. 

The  appraiser  in  his  special  report  upon  this  appeal  states  that  the  felt  in  ques- 
tion is  in  the  piece,  not  having  been  manufactured  in  any  manner  such  as  to  charac- 
terize it  as  saddlery  or  harness ;  that  it  may  be  used  for  other  purposes,  and  that  it 
was  classified  by  him  according  to  material  under  paragraph  362  of  Tariff  Indexed. 

It  appearing  that  said  felt  in  the  piece  is  in  part  manufactured  of  wool  and  is 
valued  at  not  over  80  cents  per  pound,  your  decision  assessing  duty  thereon  at  the 
rates  specified  in  said  paragraph  362  for  manufactures  made  wholly  or  in  part  of 
wool,  and  not  over  80  cents  per  pound  in  value,  is  hereby  affirmed.  (8188,) 


Treasury  Department,  May  27,  1887. 

"  Brace  and  girth  webbing." — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the 
11th  ultimo,  submitting  the  appeal  (1889  p)  of  Mr.  J.  H.  Fenton  from  your  assessment 
of  duty  at  the  rate  of  30  cents  per  pound  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  brace 
and  girth  webbing  imported  by  him  at  your  port,  entry  No.  1421,  March  5,  1887. 

The  appellant  claims  that  the  webbing  in  question  is  manufactured  and  used  solely 
for  saddle-girths,  and  that  it  is  entitled  to  entry  at  the  rate  of  35  per  cent  ad  valorem, 
under  the  provision  in  paragraph  415  for  "saddlery." 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  goods  are  invoiced  as  "  girth-web  "  and  "  worsted 
binding,"  and  that  they  are  sold  by  the  piece;  have  not  been  advanced  beyond  the 
condition  of  webbing,  and  may  be  used  for  purposes  other  than  the  manufacture  of 
harness. 

The  goods,  not  having  been  made  into  saddle-girths,  are  not  in  their  present  con- 
dition embraced  in  the  term  "  saddlery,"  and  the  claim  of  the  appellant  is  therefore 
rejected. 

In  view  of  the  statement  of  the  appellant  that  these  goods  are  admitted  to  entry 
at  New  York  at  the  rate  of  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  I  have  to  inform  you  that  the  col- 
lector of  customs  at  that  port  reports,  under  date  of  the  23d  instant,  that  they  are 
classified  for  duty  at  the  rate  assessed  by  you  under  paragraph  368,  act  of  March  3, 
1883,  viz,  30  cents  per  pound  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem.  (§255.) 


Treasury  Department,  June  2, 1887. 

Merino  hose. — The  Department  duly  received  your  letter  of  the  10th  ultimo,  trans- 
mitting the  appeal  (2516 p)  of  Messrs.  Wilson  Bros,  from  your  assessment  of  duty  at 
the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  so-called  merino 
hose,  imported  at  your  port  from  New  York,  under  I.  T.  entry  5782,  and  claimed  by 
the  appellants  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  under  T.  I.  323. 

It  appears  from  reports  received  from  the  appraiser  at  your  port  and  the  collector 
and  appraiser  at  New  York,  and  from  an  examination  of  the  samples  submitted,  that 
the  articles  in  question  are  composed  in  part  of  wool,  the  wool  having  been  sifted  in 
during  the  process  of  knitting,  the  threads  being  composed  entirely  of  cotton. 

Urfder  the  provisions  of  T.  I.  363,  all  goods  made  on  knitting-frames,  composed 
wholly  or  in  part  of  worsted,  and  under  the  provisions  of  T.  I.  362,  all  manufactures 
made  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool  are  dutiable,,  when  valued  at  above  80  cents  per 
pound,  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

As  these  goods  fall  within  the  description  given  they  are  dutiable  at  the  rate  . 
assessed,  and  your  decision  is  accordingly  affirmed. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL  165 

The  statement  of  the  appellants  that  such  goods  have  been  and  are  admitted  at 
New  York  at  the  rate  claimed  by  them  is  controverted  by  the  appraiser  at  that  port, 
who  states  that  they  are  invariably  returned  for  duty  at  the  rate  assessed  in  this 
case.    *    *    *  (8265.) 


Treasury  Department,  June  3,  1887. 

Wools — scoured  and  washed. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of 
the  24th  of  January  last,  transmitting  the  appeal  (129  p)  of  Wood  &  Payson  from 
your  decision  assessing  duty  at  the  rate  of  1\ cents  per  pound  on  certain  wool  imported 
by  them  into  your  port,  per  Salerno,  on  the  9th  of  November  last,  which  the  appel- 
lants claim  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  5  cents  per  pound. 

The  question  involved  is  whether  the  said  wool  is  scoured  as  classified  by  you,  or 
washed  as  claimed  by  the  appellants. 

This  case  does  not  differ  in  any  essential  feature  from  that  decided  in  Synopsis 
7438,  March  29,  1886,  and  that  case  seems  to  have  been  very  fully  and  carefully  con- 
sidered, and  no  good  reason  is  now  advanced  why  the  rule  there  laid  down  should 
not  be  adhered  to.  In  the  present  case  the  proofs  submitted  are  quite  conclusive 
that  the  wool  in  question  is  of  the  same  brand,  quality,  and  condition,  and  cleansed 
by  precisely  the  same  process  as  the  wool  which  was  the  subject  of  that  decision. 

A  chemical  analysis  discloses  the  presence  of  only  2£  per  cent  more  of  pure  wool 
fiber,  which  can  not  of  itself  be  regarded  as  sufficient  evidence  that  the  wool  has 
been  subjected  to  a  different  process  of  cleansing. 

The  provision  in  the  tariff  act  of  1883,  paragraph  356,  that  "  the  duty  on  wools  of 
all  classes,  which  shall  be  imported  scoured,  shall  be  three  times  the  duty  to  which 
they  would  be  subjected  if  imported  unwashed,"  is  identically  the  same  language 
which  was  used  in  the  tariff  act  of  1867  (14  Stats.,  560),  and  the  decisions  of  the 
Treasury  Department  from  that  time  until  the  present  have  uniformly  been  to  the 
effect  that  the  terms  "  washed"  and  " scoured  99  as  used  in  the  tariff  acts  have  refer- 
ence to  the  processes  to  which  the  wool  is  subjected  in  preparing  it  for  market  or 
manufacture;  the  former  being  used  to  designate  the  ordinary  process  of  washing 
in  clear  water  at  a  temperature  of  about  70  degrees,  and  a  subsequent  rinsing  in 
water  of  the  same  temperature ;  and  the  latter  to  denote  the  method  employed  of 
still  further  cleansing  the  wool  by  subjecting  it  to  the  action  of  soap,  alkalies,  and 
other  chemicals  in  water  at  a  high  temperature,  and  usually  by  the  aid  of  machinery. 

This  construction  of  the  Treasury  Department  of  the  tariff  act  of  1867  must  have 
been  well  known  to  Congress  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  the  act  of  1883,  and  it  is 
to  be  presumed  that  it  was  satisfactory  to  that  body,  and  that  by  the  repetition  of 
the  language  in  the  act  of  1883  it  was  intended  that  this  construction  should  continue 
to  prevail. 

Following,  therefore,  the  long-established  practice  governing  importations  of  wool 
of  this  character,  the  Department  sustains  the  appeal,  and  decides  that  the  wool  is 
dutiable  at  the  rate  of  5  cents  per  pound  as  washed  wool  of  the  third  class,  costing 
over  12  cents  per  pound. 

You  will  reliquidate  the  entry  accordingly,  and  if  necessary  take  the  usual  steps 
for  refunding  the  excessive  duties  exacted.  (§268.) 


Treasury  Department,  June  5,  1887. 

Llama  tennis  cloth  and  lawn-tennis  suitings. — The  Department  duly  received 
your  letter  of  April  21  last  in  regard  to  a  difference  of  practice  at  your  port  and 
New  York  in  the  classification  of  certain  goods  composed  of  a  cotton  warp  and  wool 
filling,  and  commercially  known  as  "  novelty  Scotch  flannels." 

These  goods,  it  appears,  were  invoiced  as  u  Llama  tennis' cloth/'"  "lawn  tennis 
suitings,"  and  by  various  other  names,  and  they  are  classified  at  your  port  under 


166  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

the  provisions  of  paragraph  365,  act  of  March  3,  1883,  for  "  women  and  children's 
dress  goods,"  while  at  New  York  they  are  classified  under  the  provision  in  paragraph 
363  of  said  act  for  "  flannels." 

It  is  ascertained,  upon  investigation,  that  they  are  generally  known  to  the  trade 
both  in  this  country  and  in  Scotland,  where  they  are  principally  manufactured,  as 
"flannels." 

The  Department,  therefore,  decides  that  they  are  dutiable  under  the  special  pro- 
vision for  flannels  above  cited,  and  you  will,  therefore,  cause  the  practice  at  your  port 
to  be  amended  accordingly.  # 

The  samples  submitted  with  your  report  do  not  represent  the  goods  in  question, 
which  it  appears  differ  only  from  the  flannels  heretofore  imported,  in  that  they  contain 
what  is  known  as  u  boucle  "  stripes,  and  the  samples  appear  to  be  correctly  classified, 
with  exception  of  two,  marked  "C,"  which  are  flannels.    *    *    *  (8269.) 


Treasury  Department,  July  13, 1887. 

Thread  waste. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  7th  instant, 
transmitting  the  appeal  (36192?)  of  J.  W.  Tattersfield  from  your  decision  assessing 
duty  at  the  rate  of  10  cents  per  pound  on  certain  worsted  waste  imported  into  your 
port,  per  Martello,  on  the  7th  of  April  last,  which  the  appellants  claim  to  be  dutiable 
at  the  rate  of  10  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

It  appears*  from  your  report  and  that  of  the  appraiser  that  the  merchandise  in 
question  is  a  worsted  waste,  which  is  known  commercially  as  thread  waste;  that  it 
is  in  the  condition  in  which  it  is  dropped  from  or  was  broken  on  the  machine,  and 
that  it  is  similar  in  character  and  condition  to  the  thread  waste  which  has  for 
many  years  been  imported  and  subjected  to  the  rate  of  duty  as  assessed  by  you. 

This  thread  waste,  it  is  understood,  when  broken  up  and  put  through  the  gar- 
netting  machine  becomes  practically  wool,  and  as  such  is  used  in  adulterating 
other  wool  in  making  cloths,  dress  goods,  etc. 

In  the  opinion  of  the  Department,  the  merchandise  was  properly  classified  under 
the  provision  in  Schedule  K,  T.  I.,  361,  for  "  woolen  rags,  shoddy,  mungo,  ivaste, 
and  flocks."  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  10  cents  per  pound. 

Your  decision  is  affirmed.  (8340.) 


Treasury  Department,  August  16,  1887. 
"Dentelles.  " — Your  letters  of  May  25  last  were  duly  received,  submitting  the 
following  appeals  from  your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  9  cents  per  square 
yard  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  silk  and  woolen  goods  (dentelle)  embraced 
therein. 

*  #  #  #  #  #  # 

The  goods  in  question  are  composed  of  woolen  lace,  the  woollen  threads  between 
the  figures  being  wrapped  with  silk,  and  the  appraiser  at  your  port  is  of  the  opinion 
that  the  silk,  which  is  comparatively  small  in  quantity,  is  added  solely  for  the  pur- 
pose of  changing  the  classification  of  the  goods. 

Samples  of  the  goods  having  been  submitted  to  the  appraisers  at  New  York  and 
Boston,  those  officers  are  of  the  opinion  that  the  silk  is  introduced  to  insure  the 
strength  and  durability  of  the  goods,  and  not  for  the  purpose  of  affecting  the  classi- 
fication. 

This  view  was  also  taken  by  the  board  of  appraisers  at  their  session  at  New  York 
in  July  last,  and,  in  consideration  of  this  concurrence  of  opinion,  the  Department 
decides  that  the  claim  of  the  appellants  that  the  goods  are  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  7 
cents  per  square  yard  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  T.  I.,  365,  is  well  founded. 

You  are  therefore  authorized  to  readjust  the  entries  at  that  rate,  and  to  take  meas- 
ures for  refunding  the  excess  of  duty  exacted  thereon.  (8387.) 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


167 


Treasury  Department,  September  1, 1887. 

"Sliped"  wool. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  a  letter  from  the  appraiser 
at  your  port,  dated  the  13th  ultimo,  in  which  information  is  asked  as  to  the  proper 
classification  of  so-called  "  aliped"  wool.  As  a  reply  thereto,  I  inclose  herewith 
copies  of  communications  received  from  the  collector  and  appraiser  at  New  York, 
from  which  it  would  appear  that  the  wool  consists  of  what  is  known  as  "  cross-bred 
lamb's  wool,"  being  a  cross  between  English  and  merino  blood,  which  would  be 
returned  for  duty  at  that  port  as  class  2  wool,  dutiable,  under  the  provisions  of 
Schedule  K.,  T.  I.,  358,  at  the  rate  of  10  cents  per  pound. 

The  appraiser  further  reports  that  the  process  through  which  the  wool  has  gone, 
to  wit,  having  been  "aliped"  from  the  hide  through  the  agency  of  lime  and  other 
substances,  would  not  advance  it  beyond  the  condition  of  washed  wool,  and,  accord- 
ingly, would  not  affect  its  return  for  duty. 

These  views  appear  practically  to  concur  with  your  own,  and  may  be  adopted  in 
the  classification  of  this  class  of  wool.  (8414.) 


Treasury  Department,  September  7,  1887. 

Cork  soles. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  29th  ultimo,  sub- 
mitting the  appeal  (4854p)  of  Messrs.  Shattuck  &  Binger  from  your  assessment  of 
duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  cork 
soles  imported  by  them,  per  City  of  Chester,  September  2,  1886. 

The  appellants  claim  that  the  merchandise  is  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  30  per  cent 
ad  valorem,  under  the  provision  in  T.  I.,  422,  for  "  corks  and  cork-bark,  manufac- 
tured." 

An  inspection  of  the  sample  shows  that  the  articles  are  manufactured  of  cork  and 
wool,  wool  being  a  leading  and  important  feature,  and  the  Department  is  of  opinion 
that  they  were  properly  classified  for  duty  under  the  provision  in  T.  I.,  362,  for  u  all 
manufactures  of  wool  of  every  description,  made  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool." 

Your  assessment  of  duty  thereon  is  hereby  affirmed.  (8423.) 


Treasury  Department,  September  24, 1887. 

"  Worsted  mantlings  "  composed  in  part  of  wool. — The  Department  is  in 
receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  14th  instant,  submitting  the  appeal  (5464 p)  of  Mr.  C. 
Kell  from  your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent 
ad  valorem  on  certain  worsted  mantlings  imported  by  him,  per  Servia,  August  17, 
1886,  and  claimed  to  be  dutiable  under  T.  I.,  363. 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  goods  in  question  are  composed  pf  wool,  worsted, 
and  cotton,  and  that  they  were  classified  for  duty  under  T.  I.,  362. 

In  view  of  the  report  of  the  appraiser  that  the  goods  are  composed  in  part  of  wool, 
and  of  the  fact  that  goods  composed  in  part  of  wool  are  expressly  excluded  from  the 
provisions  of  T.  I.,  363,  the  claim  of  the  appellant  is  rejected.  (8444.) 


Treasury  Department,  September  28, 1887. 

Wool  waste,  carbonated.—*  *  *  From  the  report  of  the  appraiser  and  an 
inspection  of  the  samples  submitted  it  appears  that  the  merchandise  in  question 
consists  of  so-called  "  carbonated  wool-waste,"  made  from  scoured  wool  of  class  1, 
that  it  is  nearly  as  valuable  as  the  wool  from  which  it  is  made,  and  is  adapted  to  all 
the  uses  of  scoured  wool. 

By  reference  to  the  report  of  the  appraisers'  conference  held  at  your  port  in  July 
last,  it  appears  that  this  article  was  the  subject  of  consideration  at  said  conference, 
and  that  it  was  held  to  be  properly  classified  as  scoured  wool,  class  1. 


168 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


The  Department  concurs  in  this  view,  and  your  assessment  of  duty,  being  in 
accordance  therewith  and  with  T.  I.,  356  and  357,  and  the  principle  enunciated  in 
Department's  decision  of  April  29, 1885  (synopsis  6884),  is  hereby  affirmed.  *  *  * 
(8452.) 


Treasury  Department,  October  18,  1887. 

"Garnetted  thread  waste." — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of 
the  6th  instant,  transmitting  the  appeal  (5904  p)  of  J.  W.  Tattersfield  from  your 
decision  assessing  duty  at  the  rate  of  10  cents  per  pound  on  certain  worsted  waste 
imported  into  your  port,  per  Galileo,  on  the  23d  of  July  last,  which  the  appellant 
claims  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  10  per  cent  ad  valorem  under  the  provisions  in 
Schedule  N  (T.  I.,  493)  for  "  waste,  all  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for." 

It  appears  from  the  special  report  of  the  appraiser  and  an  inspection  of  the  samples 
that  the  article  in  question  is  the  so-called  "  garnetted  thread  waste"  which  was 
the  subject  of  consideration  at  the  recent  conference  of  United  States  appraisers  at 
New  York,  and  which  was  then  considered  to  be  in  fact  scoured  wool,  dutiable  at  the 
rate  of  30  cents  per  pound. 

It  is  also  understood  that  the  article  is  similar  in  many  respects  to  the  so-called 
"carbonated  wool  waste"  which  was  the  subject  of  Department's  ruling  of  the  28th 
ultimo,  paragraph  9,  Circular  No.  106,  current  series. 

Under  such  circumstances  you  are  instructed,  provided  that  the  merchandise  still 
remains  in  your  custody,  to  reclassify  it  accordingly  and  to  call  upon  the  appellant 
for  payment  of  the  duties  still  due  the  Government. 

In  case,  however,  the  merchandise  was  entered  for  consumption  and  delivered 
into  the  custody  of  the  importer  at  the  time  of  the  entry,  your  classification  thereof 
as  wool  waste  may  stand  unchanged.  (8474.) 


Treasury  Department,  October  18,  1887. 

Sheepskin  rugs  and  mats. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the 
6th  instant,  transmitting  the  appeal  (6005  p)  of  Mr.  W.  F.  Laury  from  your  assess- 
ment of  duty  at  the  rate  of  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  one  case  of  sheepskin  mats 
and  rugs  imported,  per  Zealandia,  August  8,  last,  and  returned  by  the  appraiser  as 
rugs  not  otherwise  provided  for,  dutiable  under  X.  L>  378. 

The  appellant  claims  that  the  merchandise  is  liable  to  a  duly  of  20  per  cent  only, 
in  accordance  with  Department's  decision  of  December  29, 1885,  on  an  appeal  received 
from  your  port. 

By  reference  to  the  decision  cited,  it  appears  that  the  merchandise  covered  thereby 
consisted  of  dressed  goatskins  and  sheepskins  similar  to  those  covered  by  Depart- 
ment's decisions  of  July  28,  1885  (Synopsis  7046),  August  5,  1885  (synopsis  7063), 
while  the  merchandise  in  question  appears,  from  an  inspection  of  the  sample  sub- 
mitted and  the  report  of  the  appraises  at  your  port,  to  consist  of  dried  sheepskins, 
lined  and  finished  complete  for  use  as  rugs  or  mats. 

The  decisions  above  referred  to  were  not  intended  to  apply  to  merchandise  of  this 
character,  which  is  plainly  covered  by  the  provisions  of  T.  I.,  378. 

Your  assessment  of  duty  is  accordingly  hereby  afiirmed.  (84840 


Treasury  Department,  October  26,  1887. 
Garnetted  waste. — The  Department  duly  received  your  letter  of  the  17th  instant, 
transmitting  the  protest  and  appeal  (6160^?)  of  Messrs.  Adler  &  Co.  from  your  assess- 
ment of  duty  at  the  rate  of  24  cents  per  pound  on  five  bales  of  so-called  "  wool 
wase"  imported  by  them,  per  Circassian  (entry  No.  1414),  September  23,  1887. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OP  WOOL. 


169 


The  appraiser  at  your  port  reports  that  the  article  in  question  is  made  of  class  1 
wool,  washed,  costing  over  30  cents  per  pound  in  an  unwashed  condition. 

The  appraiser  at  Philadelphia,  to  whom  a  sample  of  the  importation  was  sub- 
mitted, returns  the  same  as  garnetted  wool  waste,  and  that  it  is  the  practice  at  his 
port  to  return  similar  importations  as  scoured  wool,  dutiable  at  30  cents  per  pound. 

An  inspection  of  the  sample  shows  that  the  article  has  been  garnetted  or  put 
through  some  process  restoring  it  practically  to  the  condition  of  unmanufactured 
wool,  which,  under  the  priuciples  contained  in  Department's  decision  of  September 
28,  last  (synopsis  8452),  is  duitable  at  the  wool  rate,  and  not  as  waste. 

Your  assessment  of  duty  is  accordingly  affirmed.  (8499.) 


Treasury  Department,  October  26,  1887. 

Sheepskins  with  the  wool  on  partially  tanned  or  tawed.— The  Department 
is  in  rceipt  of  your  letter  of  the  19th  instant  in  regard  to  your  practice  of  classifying, 
under  the  existing  tariff  act,  alum  tanned  or  tawed  sheepskins  with  the  wool  on 
imported  into  your  port. 

These  sheepskins,  as  it  is  understood,  are  tanned  and  finished  for  the  purpose  of 
being  used  as  rugs  or  for  other  similar  purposes. 

In  the  opinion  of  the  Department  they  can  not  be  classified  under  the  provision 
in  Schedule  N  (T.  I.,  460)  for  ls leather  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for  in 
this  act,"  at  a  duty  of  15  per  cent  ad  valorem,  as  claimed  by  you,  but  are  liable  to 
duty  at  the  rate  of  20  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  further  provision  in  this  sched- 
ule (T.  I.,  461)  for  "  skins  dressed  and  finished,  of  all  kinds,  not  specially  enumer- 
ated or  provided  for  in  this  act." 

You  will  conform  your  practice  to  the  views  herein  expressed  on  the  importation 
of  such  merchandise.  (8502.) 


Treasury  Department,  October  28,  1887. 

Tweed  hats  and  tweed  caps. — The  Department  duly  received  your  letter  of 
August  9,  last,  in  regard  to  a  variance  at  different  ports  in  the  classification  of  tweed 
hats.  In  reply,  I  would  call  your  attention  to  the  Department's  decision  of  April 
15,  1884  (synopsis  6299),  in  which  it  is  held  that  tweed  hats  are  dutiable  at  the  rate 
of  30  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  T.  I.,  400. 

Tweed  caps  are  dutiable  as  "  wearing  apparel,"  under  T.  L,  366,  and  the  Depart- 
ment's decision  of  November  20,  1885  (synopsis  7214).  (8506.) 


Treasury  Department,  November  8,  1887. 
Wool  grease — dutiable  as  an  expressed  oil. — *    *    *   The  appellants  claim 
that  the  article  (wool  grease)  is  provided  for  under  "  Schedule  N  (sundries),  act  of 
March  3,  1886,  where  it  says  grease  obtained  by  pressure  from  wool  skins,  10  per 
cent." 

So  far  as  the  Department  is  aware,  there  is  no  act  of  March  3,  1886,  of  the  charac- 
ter referred  to,  neither  is  there  any  provision  in  the  tariff  act  of  March  3,  1883,  for 
"grease  obtained  from  pressure  of  wool  skins."  The  claim,  therefore,  in  thepartic- 
ular  mentioned  must  be  rejected. 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  merchandise  in  question  is  an  expressed  oil  of  wool, 
and  is  known  as  a  solid  fat  oil  of  animal  origin,  it  being  so  classified  in  the  United 
States  Dispensatory  (edition  1886,  folio  978). 

Such  being  the  case,  it  is  held  that  the  article  is  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  25  per  cent 
ad  valorem,  under  the  provision  iii  Schedule  A  (T.  L,  92)  for  "all  preparations  known 
as  expressed    *    *    *    oils."  (8528.) 


170 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Treasury  Department,  November  23,  1887. 

Linseed-oil  bagging  or  press  cloth. — Concerning  the  appeal  from  yonr  decision 
assessing  clnty  on  certain  so-called  "  linseed-oil  bagging/'  yon  are  informed  that  after 
a  further  and  more  careful  investigation  of  the  matter,  it  is  ascertained  that  the  mer- 
chandise in  question  is  neither  commercially  known  as  bagging  nor  capable  of  being 
used  for  the  same  purpose  as  bagging,  but  that  it  is  commercially  known  and  sold 
as  "  press  cloth,"  and  is  used  by  candle  manufacturers,  chemists,  and  oil  manufac- 
turers in  hydraulic  presses  for  filtering  purposes,  expressing  oil,  etc. 

Such  being  the  case,  you  are  informed  that  Department's  said  decision  of  the  17th 
ultimo  (synopsis  8480),  which  was  based  upon  an  erroneous  statement  of  facts,  is 
hereby  revoked,  and  that  such  merchandise,  which  isx  imported  as  fabrics  composed 
sometimes  wholly  of  camel's  hair,  and  at  other  times  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool, 
worsted,  etc.,  should  be  classified,  under  the  proper  provisions  of  Schedule  K,  either 
as  manufactures  of  hair,  or  manufactures  in  part  of  wool,  worsted,  etc.,  at  the  rates 
of  duty  therein  prescribed.    *    *    *  (8550.) 


Treasury  Department,  December  19,  1887. 

Ingrain  carpets  woven  in  squares. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter 
of  the  15th  instant  reporting  on  the  communication  of  Messrs.  Arnold,  Constable  & 
Co.,  dated  the  3d  instant,  regarding  the  classification  under  the  tariff  acts  of  two- 
ply  ingrain  carpets  when  woven  in  squares. 

You  state  that  Schedule  K  (T.  I.,  369)  provides  for  "Aubusson,  Axminster,  and 
chenille  carpets,  and  carpets  woven  whole  for  rooms,"  and  that,  in  your  opinion,  as 
there  is  only  a  comma  and  not  a  semicolon  after  the  first  word  "carpets,"  the  pro- 
vision for  " carpets  woven  whole  for  rooms"  applies  only  to  such  as  are  "Aubusson, 
Axminster,  and  chenille,"  or,  in  other  words,  that  a  proper  reading  of  the  law  is 
"Aubusson,  Axminster,  and  chenille  carpets"  and  Aubusson,  Axminster,  and  chenille 
carpets  "woven  whole  for  rooms." 

You  also  express  the  opinion  that  two-ply  ingrain  carpets  are  specially  provided 
for  in  the  same  schedule  (T.  L,  375)  at  8  cents  per  square  yard,  and,  in  addition,  30 
per  cent  ad  valorem,  and  that  such  rate  applies  to  all  two-ply  ingrain  carpets, 
whether  in  ordinary  lengths  or  woven  square  or  otherwise. 

Your  views  in  the  matter  seem  to  be  in  accordance  with  Department's  ruling  of 
April  21,  1886  (synopsis  7474),  wherein  it  was  held  that  certain  "  Weardale  carpets 
and  crumb  cloths,"  intended  to  be  placed  over  carpets  for  their  protection,  are  not 
dutiable  as  "  carpets  woven  whole  for  rooms,"  but  are  dutiable  as  two-ply  ingrain 
carpets. 

It  is  understood  that  it  has  been  the  practice  at  your  port  for  many  years  to  clas- 
sify the  two-ply  ingrain  carpets  above  mentioned  in  accordance  with  your  views,  and 
no  reason  is  perceived  for  changing  such  practice.  (§588.) 


Treasurry  Department,  February  16,  1888. 

Woolen  "crois^"  or  "shooda." — The  Department  duly  received  your  letter 
of  December  22  last,  submitting  the  appeal  (251r)  of  Messrs.  Kohn  Bros.,  Bine  & 
Co.  from  your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent 
ad  valorem  on  certain  woolen  dress  goods  imported  by  them  into  your  port,  entry 
No.  7504,  December  8,  1887,  and  claimed  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per 
pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  as  "woolen  cloths,"  under  T.  I.,  362. 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  goods  in  question  are  commercially  known  as  wool 
croise  or  shooda;  that  they  bear  no  resemblance  to  what  is  known  as  "wool  cloth" 
or  "ladies  cloth;"  that  they  are  almost  exclusively  used  for  ladies'  and  children's 
dresses,  and  that  they  Vere  classified  for  duty  under  T.  I.,  365. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


171 


The  sample  submitted  has  been  referred  to  the  appraisers  at  Philadelphia  and 
Boston,  who  report  that  goods  of  the  same  character  are  classified  at  those  ports  for 
duty  at  the  rate  assessed,  under  the  provision  in  T.  I.,  365,  for  "  women's  and  chil- 
dren's dress-goods. " 

The  Department  decides  that  the  goods  were  correctly  classified,  and  your  assess- 
ment of  duty  thereon  is  hereby  affirmed.  (§6^9.) 


Treasury  Department,  February  18,  1888. 
Brush  bags  composed  of  jute,  metal,  and  worsted. — The  Department  is  in 
receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  7th  instant,  transmitting  the  appeal  (2922  r)  of  Messrs. 
Ives,  Bellamy  &  Co.  from  your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  18  cents  per  pound 
and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  brush  bags  imported  by  them,  per  ScytMa, 
October  29,  1887. 

From  your  reference  to  Department's  letter  of  the  19th  ultimo,  it  would  appear 
that  the  articles  in  question  are  similar  to  those  referred  to  therein,  which  were 
described  as  being  composed  of  jute,  embroidered  with  worsted  yarns,  the  bags 
being  suspended  by  an  ornamental  metal  frame,  the  frame  constituting  45  per  cent 
of  the  total  value  of  the  material. 

By  thai  decision  it  was  held  that  two  classifications  were  applicable  to  these  bags, 
to  wit,  45  per  cent,  as  manufactures  in  part  of  metal,  under  T.  I.,  216,  and  the  sev- 
eral rates  provided  for  in  T.  I.,  363,  for  manufactures  in  part  of  worsted,  and  you 
were  directed  to  liquidate  the  entry  at  the  higher  of  the  two  rates  applicable  under 
section  2499. 

By  your  assessment  of  duty  in  this  case  at  the  rate  applicable  to  manufactures  of 
worsted,  it  is  understood  that  such  rate  is  the  higher,  -and  your  action  being,  there- 
fore, in  accordance  with  said  decision  and  with  the  rule  laid  down  in  Department's 
decision  of  March  22,  1887  (synopsis  8126),  is  hereby  affirmed.  (§682.) 


Treasury  Department,  March  2,  1888. 

Traveling  or  carriage  rugs. — I  return  this  day,  under  another  cover,  three 
samples  of  traveling  or  carriage  rugs,  received  with  your  letter  of  the  30th  of  Jan- 
uary last,  reporting  further  in  the  matter  of  the  appeal  (226jp)  of  John  Wanamaker 
from  your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  several  rates  provided  for  wool  and  worsted  goods 
on  an  importation  of  similar  articles  by  him,  per  British  Prince,  November  18, 1887. 

After  a  careful  consideration  of  the  question  of  fact  involved  in  said  appeal,  and 
the  receipt  of  reports  thereon  from  the  collector  and  appraiser  at  New  York,  the 
Department  has  concluded  to  modify  the  decision  of  January  18,  1870  (synopsis 
543a),  which  appears  to  be  applicable  to  this  class  of  importations,  and  to  concede 
the  claim  of  the  appellant  that  these  rugs  are  dutiable  under  the  provision  in 
Schedule  K  (T.  I.,  378)  for  "  all  other,  *    *    *  rugs." 

'In  the  report  of  the  appraiser  at  your  port,  received  with  your  letter  aforesaid, 
he  describes  the  articles  as  such  as  are  used  for  carriage  and  sleigh  robes,  for  wrap- 
ping on  railway  cars  as  traveling  robes  or  blankets,  and  for  house  purposes  for  cov- 
erings for  sofas,  etc.;  and,  in  his  letter  of  December  14  last,  reporting  on  the  same 
appeal,  he  submits  that,  under  the  comprehensive  signification  of  the  word,  they  are 
rug  8. 

The  appraiser  at  New  York  reports  that  they  are  commercially  known  as  travel- 
ing or  carriage  rugs;  and  Webster,  in  his  definition  of  rugs,  states  that  ' 1 they  are 

a  Certain  (so-styled)  "railway  rugs,"  composed  of  cows'  hair  and  cotton,  or  calves'  hair  and  cotton, 
were  decided  not  to  be  the  "rugs  "  mentioned  in  the  act  of  March  2,  1867.  They  should  be  classified 
according  to  the  materials  of  which  they  are  composed,  to  be  determined  by  the  appraiser,  on.  exam- 
ination of  the  goods  and  such  evidence  as  may  be  presented  (synopsis  543,  January  18,  1870). 


172 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


used  for  various  purposes,  as  coverings  for  beds,  protecting  the  carpet  before  fire- 
places, and  for  protecting  the  legs  against  the  cold  in  riding,  as  a  railway  rug." 

In  Department's  decision  of  January  4,  1886  (synopsis  7298),  these  articles  were 
described  as  traveliug  rugs,  and  were  held  not  to  be  dutiable  as  blankets. 

As  the  Department  has  heretofore  practically  decided  (see  synopses  7565  and  8162) 
that  the  term  "  screens,"  found  in  the  same  paragraph,  applies  to  all  articles  com- 
mercially known  as  screens,  and  as  it  is  satisfied  that  these  articles  are  now,  and 
were  at  the  time  of  the  passage  of  the  act  of  March  3,  commercially  known  as  rugs, 
the  decision  first  aforesaid  (synopsis  543)  will,  in  accordance  with  an  opinion  of  the 
Attorney-General  received  in  this  case,  be  modified  accordingly.  The  entry  in  the 
present  instance  may,  therefore,  be  reliquidated  at  the  rate  applicable  to  rugs  under 
T.  I.,  378,  and  the  necessary  steps  taken  for  refunding  the  excess  of  duty  exacted. 
(8702.) 


Treasury  Department,  March  15,  1888. 

Waste,  woolen  or  worsted. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  letters  dated  the 
5th  and  7th  instant,  respectively,  from  the  United  States  attorney  at  Philadelphia, 
in  which  he  reports  the  trials  of  the  cases  (No.  8)  of  The  United  States  against  George 
W.  Patton  et  al.  and  (Nos.  9  and  10)  of  The  United  States  against  John  Dobson  et  al., 
which  resulted  in  judgments  in  favor  of  the  defendants. 

These  suits  were  brought  in  the  United  States  district  court  for  the  eastern  dis- 
trict of  Pennsylvania  for  the  recovery  of  additional  duties  claimed  to  be  due  the 
United  States  on  certain  importations  of  so-called  "  woolen"  or  u worsted"  waste, 
which  had  been  entered  by  the  defendants  at  the  time  of  importation  as  "  woolen 
waste,"  under  the  provision  in  Schedule  K  (T.  I.,  361),  at  a  duty  of  10  cents  per  pound, 
but  which  was  classified  by  the  collector  of  customs  as  u  scoured"  wool,  at  a  duty  of 
30  cents  per  pound,  the  claim  of  the  United  States  being  that  the  defendants  were 
liable  for  the  difference  in  duties  between  the  said  rates. 

The  main  question  involved  was  whether  the  merchandise,  which  consisted  of 
broken  tops,  laps,  rovings,  slubbings,  e*e.,  known  as  thread-waste,  carbonated  waste, 
woolen  waste,  worsted  waste,  etc.,  was  commercially  known  as  "  woolen  waste"  at 
the  time  of  the  passage  of  the  act  of  March  3, 1883,  and  on  this  point  the  United  States 
attorney  reports  that  the  evidence  produced  by  the  plaintiffs  was  to  the  effect  that 
it  was  commercially  known  as  "  worsted  waste,"  and  that  the  evidence  adduced  by 
the  defendants  tended  to  show  that  it  was  commercially  known  as  u  woolen  waste, " 
whereupon  the  judge  charged  the  jury  that  whether  the  article  was  "  woolen  or 
worsted  waste,  the  consequences  are  the  same  so  far  as  concerns  this  case ;  that  the 
provisions  of  the  statute  whereby  woolen  waste  is  made  liable  to  duty  apply  as  well 
to  this  wool  waste,  whether  it  be  waste  arising  from  the  manufacture  of  worsted  or 
woolen  goods." 

The  United  States  attorney  further  reports  that  the  jury,  in  accordance  with  such 
charge,  found  verdicts  in  favor  of  the  defendants,  thus  sustaining  their  claim  that 
said  merchandise  is  liable  to  duty  at  the  rate  prescribed  by  said  schedule  for 
"  woolen  waste,"  and  also  that,  in  his  opinion,  the  verdicts  were  correct  and  in 
accordance  with  the  evidence. 

Upon  submitting  the  matter  to  the  United  States  Attorney-General,  that  officer 
advises  u  that  no  appeal  or  writ  of  error  will  be  taken  by  the  United  States,  as  there 
is  no  sufficient  reason  to  believe  that  any  error  was  committed  against  the  Govern- 
ment." 

You  will  therefore  be  governed  accordingly,  and  reliquidate  the  entries  covered 
by  the  suit  first  mentioned  in  accordance  with  such  decision.  You  will  also  apply 
this  decision  to  any  other  similar  suits  now  pending  at  your  port,  and  to  all  similar 
importations  where  the  requirements  of  law  as  to  protest,  appeal,  institution  of  suit, 
etc.,  have  been  fully  complied  with.    Hereafter  importations  of  merchandise  which 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


173 


may  be  commercially  known  as  woolen  or  worsted  waste  should  also  oe  classified  in 
accordance  with  such  decision. 

It  is  understood  that  the  importations  which  were  the  subject  of  the  two  suits  last 
mentioned  (those  against  Dobson)  were  made  at  New  York,  and  that  the  additional 
duties  sued  for  were  assessed  at  that  port.  Instructions  as  to  the  settlement  of  those 
suits  will  be  accordingly  forwarded  to  the  collector  of  customs  at  New  York. 
(8731.) 


Treasury  Department,  April  20,  1888, 
Woolen  and  worsted  waste. — In  reply  to  your  letter  of  the  17th  instant,  you 
are  informed  that  Department's  rulings  of  the  15th  ultimo,  carrying  out  the  decision 
of  the  court  concerning  "  woolen  or  worsted  waste,"  which  is  the  one  to  which  it  is 
presumed  you  call  attention  (copy  herewith  inclosed),  relates  to  waste  which  was 
commercially  known  as  "  woolen  waste  "  at  the  time  of  the  passage  of  the  act  of 
March  3, 1883,  and  that  such  decision  does  not  cover  any  commodity  which  might  be 
now  manufactured  from  wool  for  the  purpose  of  being  introduced  into  the  United 
States  under  the  name  of  "waste."  (8793.) 


Treasury  Department,  May  24,  1888. 

Woolen  cloth  known  as  coffin-cloth  not  dutiable  as  dress-goods. — The 
Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  24th  of  February  last,  transmitting 
the  appeal  (4213  r)  of  Mr.  F.  Brettschneider  from  your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate 
of  35  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  so-called  women's  and 
children's  dress  goods  imported  by  the  appellant,  per  Wetland,  November  15,  1887, 
and  claimed  by  him  to  be  dutiable  at  5  cents  per  square  yard  and  35  per  cent  ad 
valorem,  under  T.  I.,  365. 

It  appears  that  the  merchandise  in  question  is  cloth  too  heavy  for  women's  and 
children's  dress  goods,  but  intended  for  manufacture  into  shrouds  for  men,  women, 
and  children,  and  that  it  is  a  wool  cloth  w^th  a  cotton  warp,  and  commercially 
known  as  "  coffin  cloth."  It  is  dutiable  at  the  rate  assessed,  under  T.  I.,  362.  (8860.) 


Treasury  Department,  July  16,  1888. 

Church-seating  not  dutiable  as  hemp  carpeting. — The  Department  is  in 
receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  21st  ultimo,  submitting  the  appeal  (5263  s)  of  Rev.  H. 
Martin  Hart  from  your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  on 
certain  "  church-seating"  imported  by  him  at  your  port,  and  claimed  to  be  dutiable 
as  "hemp  carpeting,"  under  T.  I.,  377. 

The  merchandise  in  question,  which  is  intended  for  use  as  mats  or  cushions  for  the 
seats  in  the  cathedral  at  Denver,  is  composed  of  hemp  and  wool,  and,  as  wool 
appears  to  be  a  substantial  component,  it  is  not,  under  the  Department's  decision  of 
May  29,  1886  (synopsis  7548),  entitled  to  entry  as  hemp  carpeting. 

The  claim  of  the  appellant  is  therefore  rejected.    *    *    *  (8944.) 


Treasury  Department,  July  19, 1888. 
Wools,  Turkish,  Eskissar,  and  Roumanian. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your 
letter  of  the  30th  ultimo,  further  reporting  on  the  appeal  (1202  s)  of  Messrs.  Samuel 
Bunting's  Sons  &  Co.,  from  your  decision  assessing  duty  at  the  rate  of  10  cents  per 
pound  on  certain  wools  imported  into  your  port,  per  the  Chicago  and  Germanic, 


174 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


October  14,  1887,  which  the  appellants  claim  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  2|  cents 
per  pound,  under  the  provision  in  Schedule  K  for  third-class  wools. 

It  appears  from  the  special  reports  of  the  appraiser,  transmitted  by  you  in  connec- 
tion with  the  said  appeal,  that  the  wools  in  question  consisted  of  unwashed  Turkish, 
Eskissar,  and  Roumanian  wools,  which,  upon  careful  examination,  were  found  to 
contain  a  considerable  percentage  of  Merino  blood,  and  that  they  were  therefore 
returned  for  classification  as  wools  of  the  first  class,  at  a  duty  of  10  per  cent. 

The  question  as  to  the  correctness  of  such  classification  was  submitted  to  the  con- 
ference of  New  York  appraisers,  now  being  held  at  your  port,  and  the  Department 
is  in  receipt  of  a  communication  from  the  Board,  dated  the  16th  instant,  from  which 
it  appears  that  the  members  are  unanimous  in  the  opinion  that  the  said  wools  were 
properly  classified  as  wools  of  the  first  class,  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  10  cents  per 
pound,  under  the  provisions  of  Schedule  K,  T.  L,  357. 

Your  decision  is  therefore  affirmed.  (8956.) 


Treasury  Department,  August  18, 1888. 
u  Cheviots." — Your  letter  of  May  29  last  was  duly  received,  submitting  the  appeal 
(3645  s)  of  Messrs.  H.  Bernheimer,  Son  &  Co.,  from  your  assessment  of  duty  ,atthe  rate 
of  35  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  so-called  worsted  cloths 
imported  by  them,  per  Celtic,  December  3,  1887,  and  claimed  to  be  dutiable  as  man- 
ufactures of  worsted,  under  the  provisions  of  T.  1.,  363,  according  to  their  value  per 
•  pound. 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  goods,  which  are  known  as  cheviots,  are  composed 
wholly  of  wool,  and  were  therefore  returned  for  duty  as  manufactures  of  wool,  under 
T.  I.,  362. 

Your  assessment  of  duty  thereon  is  hereby  affirmed.    *    *    *  (8986.) 


Treasury  Department,  September  5,  1888. 

Wool  blanketing. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  3d  ultimo 
transmitting  the  appeals  (7138s  and  7139s)  of  Messrs.  Stone  &  Downer  from  your 
assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem  on 
certain  so-called  "  wool  blanketing"  imported  by  the  appellants,  per  Samaria  and 
Catalonia,  June  20  and  July  10,  1888,  and  claimed  by  them  to  be  dutiable  either  at  18 
cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  as  woolen  blanketing,  under  T.  I.,  363, 
or  at  20  cents  per  pound  and  30  per  cent  ad  valorem,  as  endless  belts  or  felts  for 
paper  or  printing  machines,  and  returned  as  nonenumerated  manufacture  in  part 
of  wool,  under  T.  I.,  362. 

It  is  understood  that  the  so-called  "blanketing"  in  question  is  composed  in  part 
of  wool,  is  imported  for  the  express  purpose  of  being  manufactured  into  card-cloth, 
does  not  assimilate  to  the  flannels  and  blankets  provided  for  in  T.  I.,  363,  and  is  not 
used  for  the  same  purposes  as  are  endless  belts  and  felts. 

Said  goods,  being  in  part  of  wool,  are  excluded  from  classification  under  T.  I., 
363,  and,  not  being  otherwise  provided  for,  are  dutiable  under  T.  I.,  362,  in  accord- 
ance with  Department's  decisions  of  March  10,  1886  (synopsis  7402),  April  22,  1887 
(synopsis  8188),  June  2,  1888  (synopsis  8874),  and  July  12,  1888  (imprinted),  on  a 
like  appeal  of  the  same  importers. 

Your  assessment  of  duty  thereon  is  hereby  affirmed.    (901 2.) 


Treasury  Department,  September  10,  1888. 
Wool-back  worsted  coatings. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of 
the  25th  ultimo,  submitting  the  appeal  (8442s)  of  Messrs  E,  Oelbermann  &  Co.,  from 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


175 


your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem 
on  certain  manufactures  of  wool  imported  by  them  per  Waesland,  May  21,  Schiedam, 
May  24,  and  Westernland,  May  12,  1886. 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  goods  in  question  are  commercially  known  as  "  wool- 
back  v  worsted  coatings,  and  are  composed  of  wool  and  worsted,  and  that  they  were 
classified  under  T.  I.,  362. 

The  goods,  being  composed  in  part  of  wool,  are  expressly  excluded  from  classifi- 
cation under  T.  I.,  363,  as  claimed  by  the  appellants. 
Your  assessment  of  duty  is  hereby  affirmed.  (9018.) 


Treasury  Department,  November  23,  1888. 
Woolen  piano  and  table  covers. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter 
of  the  19tii  ultimo,  submitting  the  appeal  (24870  of  Messrs.  F.  Victor  &  Ache] is, 
from  your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad 
valorem,  on  certain  woolen  piano  and  table  covers,  imported  by  them  per  Lahn, 
March  12,  1888. 

The  appellants  claim  that  the  covers  in  question  are  entitled  to  entry  at  the  rate 
of  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  under  T.  I.,  378. 

The  paragraph  in  said  provision  of  law  reads  as  follows,  viz:  "Mats,  rugs,  screens, 
covers,  hassocks,  bedsides,  and  other  portions  of  carpets  or  carpetings,  shall  be  sub- 
jected to  the  rate  of  duty  herein  imposed  on  carpets  or  carpeting  of  like  character  or 
description,"  and  as  said  piano  or  table  covers  are  not  portions  of  carpets  or  carpet- 
ings, this  provision  is  manifestly  inapplicable  to  them. 

The  covers  in  question  were  properly  dutiable  at  the  rate  assessed  under  the  pro- 
vision in  T.  I.,  362,  for  "all  manufactures  of  wool  of  every  description  or,  made 
wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,"  and  your  assessment  of  duty  thereon  is  hereby  affirmed. 
(9133.) 


Treasury  Department,  January  22,  1889. 

Coat  linings. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  15th  ultimo, 
reporting  further  on  the  appeal  (8965s)  of  Messrs.  H.  H.  Schwietering  &  Co.  from 
your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem 
on  certain  coat  linings  (so  called),  imported  by  them  per  Trave,  April  28,  1888,  and 
claimed  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  7  cents  per  square  yard  and  40  per  cent  ad 
valorem,  under  the  provision  for  "coat  linings  *  *  *  composed  in  part  of  wool 
worsted,  the  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  or  other  animal." 

The  appraiser  at  your  port  reports  that  the  goods  in  question  are  a  manufacture  of 
worsted,  which  is  used  for  the  same  purpose  as  light-weight  cassimeres  sometimes 
are,  viz,  for  lining  overcoats;  that  it  could  be  used  also  in  the  manufacture  of 
neglige  shirts,  and  that  it  was  returned  for  duty  as  a  "manufacture  *  *  *  com- 
posed wholly  or  in  part  of  worsted." 

The  appraiser  at  Boston,  to  whom  a  sample  was  referred,  reports  that  the  goods 
are  in  fact  coat  linings,  being  manufactured  expressly  for  that  purpose,  and  imported 
and  dealt  in  by  tailoring  firms,  or  those  dealing  in  tailors7  trimmings,  and  that  any 
use  other  than  for  coat  linings  to  which  they  might  be  put  would  be  quite  excep- 
tional. 

The  appraiser  at  Philadelphia  also  reports  that  these  goods  are  commercially 
known  and  chiefly  used  as  coat  linings,  and  that  they  are  so  classified  at  that  port. 

From  an  inspection  of  the  sample  submitted,  and  in  view  of  these  reports,  the 
Department  decides  that  the  goods  are  dutiable  as  coat  linings,  under  T.  I.,  365,  and 
you  are  authorized  to  readjust  the  entry  in  question  accordingly,  and  also  the  entries 
of  similar  goods  covered  by  the  appeals  specified  in  the  annexed  schedule,  and  to 
take  measures  for  refunding  the  excess  of  duty.  t  (9206* ) 


176 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  "WOOL*. 


Treasury  Department,  January  28,  1889, 
Noils. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  a  letter  dated  the  15th  instant,  from  Spe, 
cial  Agent  Legare  Phenix,  in  relation  to  the  classification  of  wool  noils  at  your  port, 
more  especially  those  imported  by  the  firm  of  Seed  &  Denby,  which  are  consigned 
to  said  firm  by  Messrs.  Bowes  Bros.,  of  Liverpool. 

The  special  agent  states  that  there  is  a  great  diversity  of  opinion  at  yonr  port, 
Boston,  and  Philadelphia,  as  to  whether  the  merchandise  consists  of  noils  taken  from 
first,  second,  or  third  class  wool,  and  he  suggests  that,  inasmuch  as  the  noils  are 
usually  invoiced  and  entered  simply  either  as  "  third-class  "  or  "  carpet  noils,"  that 
the  consignees  be  required  to  specify  in  their  "entries  the  actual  character  of  the 
noils,  so  as  to  show  from  what  wool  they  are  made,  that  is,  whether  from  Egyptian, 
Turkish,  Persian,  English,  or  what. 

The  suggestion  of  the  special  agent  seems  to  be  a  good  one,  and  you  are  requested, 
if  practicable,  to  carry  it  into  effect.    (922 !•) 


Treasury  Department,  February  23,  1889. 
Wool — Scoured  wool-tops. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  a  letter  dated  the 
13th  instant,  from  the  U.  S.  attorney  for  the  southern  district  of  New  York,  reporting 
the  trial,  on  the  5th  and  6th  instant,  before  Judge  Lacombe  and  a  jury,  of  the  case 
of  A.  D.  Juilliard  et  al.  v.  Magone,  collector  (N.  S.  11320),  in  the  U.  S.  circuit  court 
for  his  district. 

The  case  involved  the  classification  of  three  cases  of  scoured  wool-tops  imported 
by  said  firm  from  Bradford  via  Liverpool,  and  which  were  classified  as  scoured  wool 
of  the  second  class,  imported  in  other  than  the  ordinary  condition  of  scoured  wool, 
and  dutiable  under  T.  L,  356,  etc.,  at  the  rate  of  60  cents  per  pound. 

The  plaintiffs  claimed  that  the  merchandise  was  scoured  wool  of  the  second  class, 
valued  at  less  than  30  cents  per  pound  at  port  of  shipment,  and  hence  dutiable  at 
the  rate  only  of  30  cents  per  pound  under  T.  I.,  356  and  357. 

The  specific  question  was  submitted  to  the  jury  whether,  upon  the  evidence  sub- 
mitted, the  merchandise  was  wool  imported  in  any  other  than  ordinary  condition, 
as  practiced  in  1883  and  prior  thereto,  and  the  jury  answered  said  question  in  the 
affirmative,  whereupon  the  court  directed  a  verdict  for  the  defendant. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  finding  of  the  jury  in  this  case  is  in  keeping  with  the 
decision  heretofore  made  by  the  Department  on  wool-tops  (see  Synopses  4777  and 
7217),  under  which  it  is  understood  duty  is  now  assessed  on  similar  importations. 

The  United  States  attorney  reports  that,  after  the  rendition  of  the  verdict  in  the 
above  case,  he  was  informed  by  the  plaintiffs  that  they  were  thoroughly  satisfied 
with  the  trial  of  the  case  as  a  test,  and  should  not  appeal  from  the  decision  thereof. 

The  decisions  of  the  Department  being  thus  sustained,  the  practice  thereunder  as 
to  the  classification  of  wool  tops  will  be  continued  as  heretofore.  (9261.) 


Treasury  Department,  March  9,  1889. 

Value  of  wool  at  foreign  port  of  shipment. — I  return  herewith  the  in  clo- 
sures of  your  letter  of  the  18th  ultimo,  in  which  you  request  instructions  as  to  the 
proper  method  of  obtaining  the  per-pound  value  of  wool  of  class  3,  which  is  returned 
by  the  weigher  at  weights  less  than  those  stated  in  the  invoice  and  entry,  and  you 
refer  to  a  paragraph  in  Department's  decision  of  August  10,  1887  (Synopsis  8380), 
which  seems  to  you  to  conflict  with  article  491  of  the  regulations. 

In  reply  to  your  inquiries  you  are  informed  that  the  paragraph  in  Department's 
decision  of  August  10,  1887  (Synopsis  8380),  to  which  you  refer  is  not  deemed  to  be 
in  conflict  with  article  491  of  the  Regulations.  This  article  provides  that  when  the 
actual  market  value  of  wool  at  the  last  place  of  shipment  to  the  United  States, 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


177 


exclusive  of  charges  in  such  port,  shall  have  been  ascertained,  no  further  inquiry  is 
necessary  to  ascertain  the  value  for  the  purpose  of  fixing  the  rate  of  duty  to  which 
the  merchandise  is  liable,  and  is  based  upon  a  circular  letter  issued  by  the  Depart- 
ment January  22,  1884. 

The  actual  market  value  of  the  wool  at  the  place  of  shipment  is  to  be  ascertained 
by  the  appraiser,  under  tlie  direction  of  the  collector  pursuant  to  the  authority  given 
him  for  that  purpose  under  section  2906,  that  section  being  modified  in  the  case  of 
wool  by  the  provision  of  the  tariff  act  of  1883,  which  substitutes  "the  last  port  or 
place  whence  exported  to  the  United  States"  for  the  "principal  markets  of  the  coun- 
try, from  which  the  importation  has  been  made,"  and  subject  also  to  the  further 
limitation  contained  in  section  2900,  that  duty  shall  not  be  assessed  upon  an  amount 
less  than  the  invoice  or  entered  value,  this  limitation  applying  in  cases  where  the 
rate  of  duty  depends  upon  the  ascertained  value  of  the  merchandise,  per  pound,  per 
yard,  etc. 

It  would,  therefore,  seem  to  be  the  duty  of  the  appraiser,  in  all  cases,  in  the  first 
instance,  to  ascertain  the  value  of  an  importation  of  wool  at  the  last  port  or  place 
whence  exported  to  the  United  States,  excluding  charges  in  such  port.  In  no  case, 
however,  is  he  permitted  to  fix  such  value  at  a  less  sum  per  pound  than  that  con- 
tained in  the  invoice  and  entry. 

It  would  appear  from  your  communication  that  the  difficulty  arises  in  those  cases 
where  there  is  a  discrepancy  between  the  weight  of  the  wool  as  invoiced  and  the 
actual  weight  as  found  by  the  United  States  weigher  at  the  custom-house.  In  most 
cases  the  actual  price  paid  for  the  wool,  per  pound,  would  be  correctly  represented 
by  dividing  the  total  amount  paid  for  the  importation  (less  charges)  by  the  number 
of  pounds  returned  by  the  United  States  weigher,  and  if  the  appraiser  is  satisfied 
that  this  result  correctly  exhibits  the  value  of  the  wool,  per  pound,  at  the  place 
whence  exported  to  the  United  States,  excluding  charges  in  such  port,  he  may  cer- 
tify and  return  the  same  accordingly  to  the  collector  for  classification  and  assess- 
ment of  duty.  (9281.) 


Treasury  Department,  March  22,  1889. 
Wool — Broken  tops. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  the  appeals,  hereinafter 
mentioned,  from  your  decision  assessing  duty  at  the  rate  of  60  cents  per  pound  on 
certain  so-called  "worsted  waste  "  imported  by  the  parties  named,  which  the  respec- 
tive appellants  claim  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  10  cents  per  pound,  under  the  pro- 
vision in  Schedule  K  (paragraph  361)  for  "woolen  *  *  *  waste,"  but  which 
merchandise  was  returned  by  the  United  States  appraiser  as  "scoured  broken  wool 
tops,"  etc.,  on  classes  1  and  2,  costing  under  30  cents  per  pound  in  the  unwashed 
condition. 

Upon  investigation,  the  claim  of  the  appellants  appear  to  have  no  foundation  in 
fact.  The  merchandise,  as  the  special  reports  of  the  United  States  appraising  offi- 
cers and  an  inspection  of  official  samples  show,  is  not  woolen  waste  within  the  proper 
meaning  of  that  term  as  used  in  the  tariff  acts  (paragraph  361)  where  it  occurs  in 
connection  with  "rags,"  "shoddy,"  "mungo,"  and  " flocks,"  and  which  term  has 
been  heretofore  defined  by  the  Department  (Synopsis  5820)  (a)  to  apply  only  to  a  refuse 
material  resulting  from  the  various  processes  of  woolen  manufacture,  or,  as  Worces- 
ter defines  the  word  to  mean,  "something  of  little  or  no  account  or  value,  as  the 
refuse  of  cotton  or  silk,"  but  is  in  fact  a  fine  quality  of  scoured  and  purified  wool,  of 
classes  1  and  2  in  the  form  either  wholly  of  broken  tops  or  with  broken  tops  predomi- 
nating to  the  extent  of  at  least  70  per  cent,  which,  as  proofs  submitted  to  the  Depart- 
ment seem  to  indicate,  have  been  purposely  broken  with  a  view  to  procuring  its 
illegal  admission  as  "waste." 


a  See  note  to  6884. 

H.  Mis.  94  12 


178 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Scoured  wool,  imported  in  the  form  of  top  or  tops,  similar  to  the  merchandise  in 
question,  can  not  be  removed  from  its  proper  classification  under  the  statute  and 
the  decisions  of  the  courts  f  see  Synopsis  9261)  either  by  reason  of  the  tops  being 
broken  purposely  or  otherwise,  or  on  account  of  a  small  percentage  of  thread,  or 
other  waste  being  mixed  with  it,  and  as  it  is  clear  to  my  mind  that  the  said  mer- 
chandise is  in  fact  wool  advanced  beyond  the  scoured  condition  and  suitable  for 
immediate  use,  and  is,  therefore,  wool  imported  in  other  than  the  ordinary  condition 
in  which  wools  were  imported  at  the  time  of  the  passage  of  the  act  of  March  3, 
1883,  I  decide  that  it  is  dutiable  at  twice  the  rate  of  duty  prescribed  for  scoured 
woo)s  of  the  classes  to  which  it  belongs,  under  said  Schedule  K  (paragraph  356). 
which,  among  other  things  prescribes  that  "the  duty  upon  wool  of  the  sheep 
*  *  *,  which  shall  be  imported  in  any  other  than  ordinary  condition,  as  now  and 
heretofore  practiced,  or  which  shall  be  changed  in  its  character  or  condition  for  the 
purpose  of  evading  the  duty,  or  which  shall  be  reduced  in  value  by  the  admixture  of 
dirt  or  any  other  foreign  substance,  shall  be  twice  the  duty  to  which  it  would  be 
otherwise  subject." 

Your  decision  is  therefore  affirmed.    *    *    *  (9303*) 


Treasury  Department,  April  22, 1889. 
Weight  of  woolen  and  worsted  goods. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your 
letter  of  the  6th  instant,  reporting  further  on  the  appeal  (2079  v)  of  Messrs.  Neu- 
stadter  Brothers  from  your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and 
40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  on  certain  wool  flannel  imported  by  them  per  Servia,  Febru- 
ary 20,  1888,  and  claimed  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  24  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent  ad  valorem. 

The  appellants  claim  that  the  weight  of  the  goods  as  taken  by  the  appraiser  who 
averaged  the  boards  at  the  weight  of  one  board  is  incorrect,  and  that  the  invoice 
presented  shows  the  exact  net  weight  of  the  goods  sworn  to  by  the  manufacturer 
before  the  United  States  consul. 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  weight  of  the  boards  was  ascertained  by  weighing 
one  board  and  multiplying  the  result  by  the  number  of  pieces. 

The  Department  being  of  opinion  that  this  method  of  ascertaining  the  amount  of 
allowance  to  be  made  for  the  weight  of  boards  upon  which  flannels  and  other  woolen 
and  worsted  goods  are  rolled  was  inadequate,  the  question  was  submitted  to  the 
board  of  local  appraisers  in  conference  at  your  port,  and  from  the  report  of  the 
recorder  of  said  board,  dated  the  13th  instant,  it  appears  that  the  practice  at  the 
different  ports  varies,  and  the  appraisers  unanimously  recommend  the  adoption  of 
the  method  of  weighing  one  board  out  of  every  ten,  to  ascertain  their  average  weight. 

This  recommendation  is  approved,  and  you  will  please  direct  the  appraiser  to 
adopt  this  method  in  ascertaining  the  weights  of  all  woolen  and  worsted  goods 
where  the  rate  or  amount  of  duty  is  dependent  on  the  weight  of  the  goods. 

As  the  goods  covered  by  the  appeal  of  Messrs.  Neustadter  Brothers  were  entered 
for  consumption,  and  it  is  now  impracticable  to  ascertain  their  actual  weight,  the 
Department  can  afford  them  no  relief,  and  your  assessment  of  duty  thereon  must 
stand  affirmed.  (9346.) 


Treasury  Department,  May  27, 1889. 

Worsted  cloths. — The  Department  duly  received  your  letter  of  the  17th  instant, 
transmitting  the  appeal  (No.  6682  v)  of  Messrs.  H.  Herrman,  Sternbach  &  Co.  from  your 
assessment  of  duty,  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  on 
certain  merchandise  imported  by  them  per  Adriatic,  April  8,  1889. 

The  appellants,  in  their  protest,  claim  that  the  goods  in  question  "are  manufac- 
tures of  worsted  and  contain  no  wool,  and  as  such,  costing  under  60  cents  per  pound, 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


179 


are  liable  to  a  duty  of  only  18  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem/'  under 
Schedule  K  (T.I.,  new,  363),  act  of  March  3,  1883. 

It  appears  from  the  samples  submitted  that  these  cloths  are  what  are  popularly 
known  as  coatings,  suitings,  etc.,  and  are  so  finished  and  close  as  to  be  specially 
adapted  for  use  in  the  manufacture  of  garments  worn  by  men  and  boys.  With  the 
papers  transmitted  is  the  report  of  the  chemist  at  the  United  States  laboratory  at 
New  York,  to  the  effect  that  samples  of  the  cloth  have  been  chemically  and  micro- 
scopically examined  by  him  and  "  found  to  be  composed  wholly  of  wool  fibers." 

The  assistant  appraiser  in  his  report,  which  is  concurred  in  by  the  appraiser,  states 
"that  the  merchandise  covered  by  the  invoices  in  question,  consisted  of  cloth  com- 
posed wholly  of  wool,  and  therefore  dutiable  under  the  provisions  of  paragraph  362, 
T.  L,  new,  as  a  manufacture  of  wool,  valued  at  less  than  80  cents  per  pound,  at  the 
rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem." 

This  view  accords  with  the  unanimous  conclusion  reached  by  the  local  appraisers 
of  the  principal  ports  at  their  conference  held  in  New  York,  in  April  last,  "that  the 
so-called  worsted  coatings,  suitings,  etc.,  were  manufactured  of  wool,  and  should 
be  returned  as  property  dutiable  according  to  value  uuder  the  provisions  in  362,  T. 
I.,  for  all  manufactures  of  wool  of  every  description  made  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool 
not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for." 

The  question  involved  thus  becomes  one  of  fact,  and  the  proper  customs  officers, 
upon  whom  the  law  has  conferred  jurisdiction  in  the  first  instance  to  examine  and 
certify  as  to  the  facts,  having  found  and  decided  that  these  goods  are  "woolen 
cloths"  and  "manufactures  of  wool"  within  the  meaning  of  those  terms  as  used 
in  the  tariff  act,  their  decision  in  this  respect  ought  not  be  disturbed,  unless  it 
clearly  appears  that  they  have  misapprehended  the  facts,  or  reached  a  conclusion 
unsupported  by  them.  The  question  in  the  form  presented  by  this  appeal  comes 
here  for  the  first  time,  and  is  unembarrassed  by  any  previous  Departmental  ruling 
upon  it.  After  careful  research,  I  am  unable  to  find  any  decision  of  the  Department 
which  can  serve  as  a  precedent  for  the  disposition  of  this  case.  It  does,  however, 
appear  from  the  files  of  the  Department  that  at  least  three  times  during  the  past 
four  years  application  has  been  made  in  behalf  of  the  domestic  manufactures  of 
woolen  cloths  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  for  instructions  to  the  collectors  of 
customs  at  the  several  ports  of  entry,  to  classify  and  assess  duty  upon  importations 
of  goods  of  this  character  under  paragraph  362,  as  woolen  cloths  or  manufactures 
of  wool,  it  being  represented  that  they  were  erroneously  classified  under  paragraph 
363,  and  elaborate  arguments  were  presented  in  support  of  this  proposition,  but  no 
decision  upon  the  subject  was  ever  announced  by  the  Department. 

It  is  claimed  in  support  of  the  contention  that  these  cloths  are  manufactures  com- 
posed wholly  of  worsted,  and  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for  in  the  tariff 
act;  that  the  wool  which  is  used  in  their  manufacture  has  been  combed  as  well  as 
carded,  and  that  whenever  wool  in  the  process  of  its  manufacture  into  yarn  is 
combed,  the  product  is  invariably  a  substance  or  material  known  as  "worsted,"  and 
that  when  this  substance  or  material  is  wholly  employed  in  the  manufacture  of  cloth 
the  result  is  a  manufacture  "  composed  wholly  of  worsted  "  not  specially  provided 
for,  and  therefore  dutiable  at  the  lower  rate  prescribed  in  paragraph  363.  It  is 
claimed  that  this  conclusion  inevitably  follows,  without  reference  to  the  kind  or 
quality  of  wool  used,  or  the  uses  and  purposes  for  which  the  manufactured  article 
may  be  intended  or  adapted. 

But  it  is  conceded  that  the  wool  now  commonly  used  in  the  manufacture  of  the 
goods  which  are  the  subject  of  this  appeal  is  not  of  the  kind  known  as  "combing 
wool"  designated  as  class  two  (paragraph  354)  in  the  tariff  act;  but  is  a  fine  "cloth- 
ing wool"  belonging  to  class  one  (paragraph  353).  It  is  further  shown  that  it  is  only 
within  recent  years  that  these  cloths  have  been  known  to  commerce,  the  use  of  im- 
proved machinery  having  made  it  practicable  to  manufacture  them  from  the  fine 
clothing  wool  which  has  been  subjected  to  the  process  of  combing  after  it  has  been 
carded. 


180 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


It  seems  to  be  undisputed  that  the  definition  of  "  worsted"  was  originally  con- 
fined to  the  product  of  long-combing  wools.  Webster,  in  the  latest  edition,  described 
the  term  as  follows:  u  Worsted,  well-twisted  yarn,  spun  of  long  staple  wool  which 
has  been  combed  to  lay  the  fibers  parallel,  used  for  carpets,  hosiery,  gloves,  and  the 
like." 

It  therefore  becomes  important  to  determine  the  sense  in  which  the  term  is  used  in 
the  tariff  act ;  whether  according  to  its  original  and  proper  meaning,  or  whether  it 
is  to  have  a  broader  application  and  to  be  so  construed  as  to  include  a  large  and 
important  class  of  fabrics  which  were  not  within  its  scope  when  the  term  was  first 
employed  in  our  revenue  laws. 

In  all  cases  of  ambiguity,  or  of  conflicting  statutory  provisions,  the  familiar  rule 
of  construction  requires  that  the  intent  of  Congress  should,  if  possible,  be  discov- 
ered, and  such  a  view  adopted  as  will  harmonize  and  not  destroy  the  manifest  scheme 
of  the  statute. 

In  the  present  case  there  are  two  paragraphs  under  which  it  is  contended  the 
goods  in  question  may  be  classified:  1.  Paragraph  362:  "  Woolen  cloths,  woolen 
shawls,  and  all  manufactures  of  wool  of  every  description,  made  wholly  or  in  part 
of  wool,  not  otherwise  enumerated  or  provided  for  in  this  act,"  etc.  2.  Paragraph 
363:  "Flannels,  blankets,  etc.,  woolen  and  worsted  yarns,,  and  all  manufactures  of 
every  description,  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  alpaca, 
goat,  or  other  animals,  except  such  as  are  composed  in  part  of  wool,  not  specially 
enumerated  or  provided  for  in  this  act,  valued,"  etc. 

If  paragraph  362  stood  alone  it  would  not  be  disputed  that  worsted  cloths  were 
dutiable  thereunder,  either  under  the  specific  designation  of  woolen  cloths,  or  under 
the  designation  of  all  manufactures  of  wool  of  every  description,  worsted  itself 
being  a  manufactured  fabric  or  material  made  from  wool  either  wholly  or  in  part. 

After  a  careful  examination  and  consideration  of  all  the  papers  and  authorities 
bearing  upon  the  question,  I  have  reached  the  conclusion  that  there  is  nothing  in 
the  language  employed  in  paragraph  363  which  exempts  these  cloths  from  the  oper- 
ation of  the  provisions  of  the  preceding  paragraph. 

The  term  "  woolen  cloths,"  in  paragraph  362,  is  a  specific  designation  of  a  class 
which  was,  I  think,  intended  to  include  all  cloths  made  from  wool. 

The  term  "  cloths  "  has  a  technical  and  restricted  signification,  and  can  properly 
be  only  applied  to  the  thicker  and  heavier  fabrics  of  wool,  which  are  so  finished  and 
close  as  to  be  adapted  for  use  by  the  tailor  or  clothier  in  the  manufacture  of  gar- 
ments for  men  and  boys. 

It  appears  that  these  so-called  "worsted  cloths"  are  made  from  clothing  wool  in 
the  same  mills  in  which  other  cloths  are  made,  and  by  the  same  machinery;  that 
the  wool  is  carded  as  well  as  combed,  and  that  they  differ  in  no  essential  respect 
in  the  process  of  manufacture  from  other  woolen  cloths,  except  that  while  in  the 
latter  case  the  wool  is  simply  carded,  in  the  former  it  is  both  carded  and  combed; 
and  they  are  both  adapted  to  the  same  uses.  They  are  also  classed  with  woolen 
cloths  by  many  expert  authorities  upon  the  subject.  In  the  report  of  the  judges  at 
the  Centennial  Exposition,  consisting  of  five  American  and  ten  foreign  experts, 
they  are  reported  upon  under  class  235,  which  comprises  the  woolen  cloths,  and  not 
under  class  238,  which  comprises  the  worsted  and  combed  wool  fabrics. 

The  same  classification  is  followed  by  the  American  commissioner  at  the  Paris 
Exposition  of  1878,  where  they  are  reported  upon  under  class  33,  cloth  and  other 
woolen  fabrics,  and  not  under  class  32,  which  pertains  to  combed  wool  and  worsted 
fabrics. 

A  noted  writer,  Mr.  Alcan,  in  his  treatise  on  woolen  manufactures,  published  in 
1866,  described  worsted  fabrics  as  follows : 

We  rank  in  the  sixth  class  those  innumerable  articles  whose  wool  is  mixed  with 
cotton,  flax,  silk,  the  hair  of  the  goat  and  alpaca,  cashmere,  etc.,  to  obtain  the  vast 
branch  of  products  known  under  the  name  of  Orleans,  coburghs,  alpacas,  bereges, 
lastings,  gauze,  grenadines,  mozambiques,  foulards,  tissues,  for  furniture,  etc.,  and 
which  are  designated  more  particularly  under  the  generic  name  of  worsted  in  England. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OP  WOOL. 


181 


There  being  a  special  enumeration  or  provision  in  the  tariff  act,  to  wit :  Woolen 
cloths,  under  which  these  goods  may  be  classified,  it  follows  that  paragraph  363  has 
no  application  to  them,  because  it  includes  only  such  manufactures  of  worsted  as 
are  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for. 

In  the  case  of  Barber  v.  Schell  (107  U.  S.,  617),  it  was  held  that  designations  qual- 
ified by  the  word  "  cotton,"  in  the  act  of  1846,  were  designations  of  articles  by  spe- 
cial description  as  contradistinguished  from  designations  by  a  commercial  name  or 
a  name  of  trade,  and  are  designations  of  quality  and  material;  and  applying  the 
same  principle  to  the  term  u  woolen"  as  a  designation  of  cloths,  it  must  be  held  that 
it  includes  all  cloths  made  of  wool,  and  that  commercial  usage  can  not  be  resorted 
to  for  the  purpose  of  showing  that  in  the  trade  the  term  is  restricted  to  those  cloths 
which  were  manufactured  from  wool  which  had  been  carded  and  not  combed. 

A  review  of  the  various  tariff  enactments  upon  the  subject  from  1816  to  the  pres- 
ent time  leads  to  the  conclusion  that  the  term  "  manufactures  ot  worsted"  in  par- 
agraph 363  was  intended  to  include  only  those  fabrics  not  specially  enumerated  or 
provided  for  which  are  made  from  the  long  staple  or  combing  wools  described  in 
paragraph  354.  In  all  the  tariff  laws  the  term  seems  to  have  been  used  as  synony- 
mous with  that  of  "  stuff  goods,"  which,  being  of  a  cheaper  quality,  were  always 
subjected  to  a  lower  rate  of  duty  than  woolen  cloths  and  manufactures  of  wool  gen- 
erally. 

The  first  tariff  on  woolen  goods  is  found  in  the  act  of  1816,  where  an  ad  valorem 
duty  of  25  per  cent  was  laid  on  "  woolen  manufactures  of  all  descriptions,  or  of  which 
wool  is  the  material  of  chief  value,  except  blankets,  woolen  rugs,  and  worsted  or 
stuff  goods. n 

Two  things  here  are  worthy  to  be  observed.  First,  that  the  term  "  worsted 
goods"  is  used  in  this  act  as  synonymous  with  "  stuff  goods;"  and,  second,  worsted 
goods  are  described  as  "  woolen  manufactures." 

In  the  tariff  act  of  1824  a  duty  was  first  imposed  upon  "  worsted-stuff  goods,"  and 
they  were  classed  under  the  head  of  "  manufactures  of  wool  or  of  which  wool  shall 
be  a  component  part." 

The  same  classification  was  preserved  in  the  act  of  1828. 

The  act  of  1832  imposed  a  duty  of  5  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  "  all  milled  and  fulled 
cloths  known  by  the  name  of  plains,  kerseys,  or  kendal  cottons,  composed  exclu- 
sively of  wool,  not  exceeding  35  cents  a  square  yard  in  value,"  and  10  per  cent  on 
"worsted-stuff  goods,  shawls,  and  other  manufactures  of  silk  and  worsted,"  and  on 
"all  other  manufactures  of  wool"  50  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

Under  this  statute  worsted  cloths  would  have  been  dutiable  at  the  same  rate  as 
other  manufactures  of  wool.  It  is  also  to  be  observed  that  the  term  "worsted-stuff 
goods"  is  retained,  to  which  is  added  "shawls  and  other  manufactures  of  silk  and 
worsted." 

In  the  tariff  act  of  1842  "worsted-stuff  goods"  are  again  recognized  as  a  manu- 
facture of  wool,  and  are  excepted  from  the  provision  imposing  the  high  rate  of  duty, 
and  are  included  under  the  designation  of  "  all  manufactures,  not  otherwise  speci- 
fied, of  combed  wool  or  worsted,  and  manufactures  of  worsted  and  silk  combined." 

In  the  succeeding  act  of  1846  a  duty  of  30  per  cent  ad  valorem  was  imposed  upon 
"manufactures  of  wool,  or  of  which  wool  shall  be  a  component  material  of  chief 
value,  not  otherwise  provided  for,"  and  25  per  cent  upon  "manufactures  of  worsted 
or  of  which  worsted  shall  be  a  component  material  not  otherwise  provided  for." 

The  word  worsted  does  not  occur  in  the  tariff  act  of  1857. 

In  the  subsequent  tariff  acts  of  1861  and  1862,  worsteds  are  mentioned  in  connection 
with  dress  delaines  and  goods  of  similar  description  and  bunting,  as  follows:  "And 
all  other  manufactures  of  worsted  or  of  which  worsted  shall  be  a  component  material 
not  otherwise  provided  for,"  the  connection  showing  that  worsteds  were  considered 
as  varieties  of  "stuff  goods." 

The  act  of  1862  is  the  first  act  in  which  woolen  cloths  are  specifically  mentioned, 


182 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


and  it  will  be  observed  that  the  heavier  worsted  goods  were  made  to  pay  the  same 
rate  of  duty  as  woolen  cloths. 

In  the  act  of  1864  there  is  found,  after  a  reference  to  bunting,  the  following: 
"And  on  all  other  manufactures  of  worsted,  mohair,  alpaca,  or  go  at  s'  hair,  or  of 
which  worsted,  mohair,  alpaca,  or  goats'  hair  shall  be  a  component  material  not 
otherwise  provided  for,  50  per  cent  ad  valorem." 

The  tariff  act  of  1867  is  substantially  the  same  in  respect  to  worsteds  as  the  act 
of  1883,  except  instead  of  the  phrase  "not  otherwise  provided  for,"  in  the  act  of 
1867  there  is  inserted  in  both  paragraphs  the  phrase  "not  specially  enumerated  or 
provided  for  in  this  act." 

All  these  statutes  clearly  had  in  view  the  manufactures  from  long-combing  wools, 
including  the  varieties  of  stuff  goods  designated  by  the  names  referred  to  by  Mr. 
Alcan  and  the  other  authorities. 

In  a  statute  words  are  to  be  construed  with  reference  to  the  company  which  they 
keep ;  and  when  the  term  "  manufactures  of  worsted"  is  found  invariably  associated 
with  the  cheaper  worsted  fabrics,  known  as  "stuff  goods,"  and  the  terms  are  some- 
times used  interchangeably,  the  presumption  can,  I  think,  be  fairly  indulged  that 
Congress  intended  to  employ  the  term  in  its  original  and  restricted  signification. 

The  case  of  Elliott  v.  Swartout  (10  Peters,  137)  is  relied  upon  to  sustain  the  claim 
that  these  coatings  and  suitings  are  manufactures  of  worsteds,  and  hence  are  dutia- 
ble at  the  lower  rate ;  but  I  do  not  consider  the  case  fairly  susceptible  of  such  an 
application.  The  precise  point  involved  was  whether  certain  worsted  shawls  and 
worsted  suspenders  were  dutiable  under  that  provision  of  the  act  of  1832  which 
imposed  a  tariff  of  50  per  cent  ad  valorem  upon  "  all  other  manufactures  of  wool,  or 
of  which  wool  is  a  component  part."  That  act  imposed  a  duty  of  10  per  cent  on 
"worsted-stuff  goods,  worsted  shawls,  and  other  manufactures  of  silk  and  worsted." 
And  it  beiug  conceded  by  the  counsel  for  the  Government  in  that  case  that  worsted 
is  made  out  of  wool  by  combing,  and  that  it  becomes  thereby  a  distinct  article,  well 
known  in  commerce  under  the  denomination  of  "worsted,"  it  of  course  followed  that 
these  articles  could  not  be  classified  as  manufactures  of  wool.  But  the  court  did  not 
hold  that  all  manufactured  articles  in  the  production  of  which  combed  wool  is  used 
are  to  be  regarded  as  manufactures  of  worsted.  On  the  contrary,  the  chief  justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court  in  a  subsequent  case  at  the  circuit  (Riggs  v.  Frick,  Taney's 
Circuit  Court  Decisions,  100)  disclaimed  any  such  broad  application  of  the  decision 
in  the  former  case.  At  page  105  he  says:  "But  neither  of  these  terms — ' combed 
wool'  nor  'carded  wooF — is  used  in  any  part  of  the  law  in  describing  the  manufac- 
tures therein  mentioned;  the  distinction  taken  in  the  act  of  Congress  is  between 
'worsted'  and  'woolen.'  Although  worsted  is  made  of  combed  wool,  yet  we  have 
seen  nothing  that  would  justify  us  in  concluding  that  all  manufactures  of  combed 
wool  are  worsted.  On  the  contrary,  for  aught  that  appears  to  the  court,  there  may 
be  a  variety  of  manufactures  of  combed  wool  which  are  not  worsted,  and  which 
would  be  liable  to  the  duties  imposed  on  woolens." 

If,  as  I  think,  it  satisfactorily  appears  that  the  term  "manufactures  of  worsted" 
when  first  introduced  into  our  tariff  laws  referred  exclusively  to  certain  products 
manufactured  from  the  long-combing  wools,  then  it  should  be  so  construed  and  lim- 
ited in  all  subsequent  statutes  upon  the  subject  into  which  it  may  be  introduced. 

It  has  been  repeatedly  held  that  the  designation  or  description  of  an  article  or 
class  of  articles  in  a  tariff  enactment  is  not  to  be  extended  beyond  the  articles 
which,  according  to  commercial  usage  prevailing  at  the  time  the  law  is  passed,  are 
included  therein,  and  that  articles  which  may  be  subsequently  invented  or  produced 
composed  of  different  materials  can  not  properly  be  included  in  such  classification, 
although  they  have  the  same  commercial  designation  and  are  applied  to  the  same 
uses.  (Curtiss  v.  Martin,  3  Howard,  106;  United  States  v.  One  Hundred  and  Twelve 
Casks  of  Sugar,  8  Peters,  277 ;  Roosevelt  v.  Maxwell,  3  Blatchford,  391 ;  Baxter  v. 
Maxwell,  4  Blatchford,  32;  Bacon  v.  Bancroft,  1  Story,  341;  Lee  v.  Lincoln,  lb.,  610; 
United  States  v.  Breed,  1  Sumner,  159.) 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OP  "WOOL. 


183 


And  in  Roosevelt  v.  Maxwell,  supra,  it  was  held  that  when  a  term  or  classification 
when  first  introduced  into  a  tariff  act  has,  according  to  commercial  usage,  a  well- 
understood  and  a  well-defined  signification,  which  limits  its  scope  and  application, 
and  such  term  is  transferred  to  and  incorporated  in  subsequent  tariff  laws,  it  will 
be  presumed  that  Congress  did  not  intend  to  use  the  term  in  the  later  statutes  in  a 
sense  different  from  that  in  which  it  had  been  used  in  the  first  enactment. 

It  being  undisputed  that  the  term  "  manufactures  of  worsted  "  when  first  employed 
in  the  tariff  act  of  1842  was  commercially  known  to  include  only  certain  products  of 
the  long-combing  wools,  it  would  follow  that,  when  used  in  subsequent  statutes,  it 
must  be  so  understood  if  the  principle  of  these  decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  is 
correct. 

In  determining  the  question  involved,  regard  should  also  be  had  to  the  provisions 
of  section  2499,  that  if  two  or  more  rates  of  duty  should  be  applicable  to  any 
imported  article,  it  shall  be  classified  for  duty  under  the  highest  of  such  rates. 

There  is  certainly  room  for  very  serious  contention  that  the  goods  in  question 
should  be  classified  under  paragraph  362  as  well  as  363;  and  in  such  cases  it  would 
seem  to  be  the  duty  of  the  revenue  officers  to  impose  the  higher  rate.  It  is  only  in 
this  way  that  in  doubtful  or  balanced  cases  a  judicial  construction  can  be  had.  The 
Government  can  not  apply  to  the  courts  for  an  interpretation  of  the  law,  but  the 
importer  can,  if  he  deems  the  rate  of  duty  imposed  excessive  or  unlawful. 

In  construing  tariff  laws  where  there  is  doubt  as  to  the  classification  arising  from 
the  employment  of  ambiguous  terms,  regard  should  also  be  had  to  the  general  scheme 
or  policy  which  underlies  their  enactment,  which  seeks  to  graduate  the  rate  of  duty 
according  to  the  cost  or  expense  involved  in  the  production  of  the  articles  to  which 
it  relates,  and  especially  according  to  the  quantum  of  labor,  skilled  and  unskilled, 
which  may  be  required  for  their  manufacture.  We  find  that  this  principle  has  been 
almost  invariably  observed  in  framing  every  act  imposing  duties,  and  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  in  the  case  of  Movius  v.  Arthur  (95  U.  S.,  104),  regarded 
it  as  of  great  value  in  determining  doubtful  cases  where  it  was  sought  to  so  construe 
the  law  as  to  make  the  less  expensive  article  pay  the  higher  rate  of  duty. 

From  the  data  before  me  it  appears  that  the  cost  of  the  machinery  and  labor 
required  for  the  manufacture  of  these  coatings  and  suitings  is  greater  than  that 
required  for  the  manufacture  of  cassimeres  and  other  woolen  cloths  which  are  used 
for  the  same  purposes,  and  yet  if  duty  is  assessed  under  paragraph  363,  they  will  be 
made  to  pay  a  rate  of  duty  in  many  cases  30  per  cent  less  than  cassimeres  and  other 
woolen  cloths  costing  in  the  foreign  market  the  same  price.  It  is  not  to  be  pre- 
sumed that  Congress  intended  so  great  a  departure  from  the  general  plan  of  the 
statute. 

As  bearing  upon  this  question  of  the  intent  of  Congress,  it  is  also  a  circumstance 
of  great  weight  that  in  the  present  as  well  as  in  former  tariff  laws,  woolen  and 
worsted  yarns  are  subjected  to  the  same  rate  of  duty,  and  if  it  was  the  intention  to 
discriminate  in  favor  of  worsted  products  generally  by  imposing  upon  them  a  lower 
rate,  this  discrimination  would  have  been  extended  to  the  different  kinds  of  yarn, 
for  it  is  in  the  treatment  of  the  wool  while  in  course  of  manufacture  into  yarn  that 
the  only  difference  occurs  which  creates  the  distinction  between  woolen  and  worsted. 

So,  too,  in  the  case  of  ready-made  clothing — there  is  no  discrimination  in  the  tariff 
law  between  clothing  made  from  woolen  and  that  made  from  so-called  worsted 
cloths,  but  both  are  made  to  pay  the  same  duty ;  and  it  is  not  reasonable  to  infer 
that  it  was  intended  to  subject  to  different  rates  of  duty  cloths  manufactured  from 
yarn  paying  the  same  rate  and  used  in  the  manufacture  of  clothing  which  pays  when 
imported  the  same  rate,  and  it  should  not  be  so  held  if  by  any  fair  construction  of 
the  law  it  can  be  avoided. 

The  familiar  maxim  should  be  applied  that  "A  thing  within  the  intention  is 
within  the  statute,  though  not  within  the  letter,  and  a  thing  within  the  letter  is  not 
within  the  statute  unless  within  the  intention." 


184 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Your  decision  being  in  accordance  with  the  evident  intention  of  the  statute  is, 
therefore,  affirmed. 

The  questions  involved  in  this  appeal  having  been  submitted  to  the  Solicitor  of  the 
Treasury,  the  opinion  of  that  officer,  which  is  in  harmony  with  the  views  above 
expressed,  is  herewith  transmitted  for  your  information. 

This  decision  will  also  apply  to  the  appeal  (6659*;)  of  Ballin,  Joseph  &  Co.,  on 
entry  of  similar  goods  per  City  of  Paris,  April  11  last,  which  was  transmitted  with 
your  letter  of  the  16th  instant.  (9400.) 


[Opinion  of  the  Solicitor  of  the  Treasury  above  referred  to.] 

Department  of  Justice, 
Office  of  the  Solicitor  of  the  Treasury; 

Washington,  D.  C,  May  25,  1889. 
Sir:  I  have  considered  the  questions  involved  in  the  matter  of  the  appeal  of  Herr- 
man,  Sternbach  &  Co.,  No.  5220. 

This  is  an  appeal,  after  proper  protest,  from  the  ascertainment  and  assessment 
of  duties  by  the  collector  of  the  port  of  New  York  on  certain  "  worsted  coatings  " 
classified  as  "  manufactures  of  wool  costing  under  60  cents  per  pound,  and  liable  to 
duty  at  35  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem." 

The  collector  of  the  port  of  New  York  has  decided  that  this  merchandise  was  to  be 
classified  for  the  purposes  of  duty  under  paragraph  362,  T.  I.,  new,  which  reads  as 
follows : 

"Woolen  cloths,  woolen  shawls,  and  all  manufactures  of  wool  of  every  descrip- 
tion, made  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for  in 
this  act,  valued  at  not  exceeding  80  cents  per  pound,  35  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent  ad  valorem ;  valued  at  above  80  cents  per  pound,  35  cents  per  pound  and  in  addi- 
tion thereto  40  per  cent  ad  valorem." 

The  officers  of  the  port  have  held  that  these  goods  were  "  manufactures  of  wool." 
The  importer  alleges  them  to  be  a  "  manufacture  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of 
worsted,"  and  that  they  should  be  classified  as  such,  under  paragragh  363,  T.  I.,  new, 
which  reads  as  follows : 

"  Flannels,  blankets,  hats  of  wool,  knit  goods  and  all  goods  made  on  knitting  frames, 
balmorals,  woolen  and  worsted  yarns,  and  all  manufactures  of  every  description,  com- 
posed wholly  or  in  part  of  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  or  other  animals  (except 
such  as  are  composed  in  part  of  wool),  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for  in 
this  act,  valued  at  not  exceeding  30  cents  per  pound,  10  cents  per  pound;  valued  at 
above  30  cents  per  pound,  and  not  exceeding  40  cents  per  pound,  12  cents  per  pound; 
valued  at  above  40  cents  per  pound  and  not  exceeding  60  cents  per  pound,  18  cents 
per  pound ;  valued  at  above  60  cents  per  pound  and  not  exceeding  80  cents  per  pound, 
24  cents  per  pound,  and  in  addition  thereto  upon  all  the  above-named  articles  35 
per  cent  ad  valorem;  valued  at  above  80  cents  per  pound,  35  cents  per  pound  and  in 
addition  thereto  40  per  cenfc  ad  valorem." 

The  two  quotations  above  made  from  the  act  of  March  3,  1883,  are  substantially 
the  act  of  March  2,  1867. 

Prior  to  the  action  complained  of  in  this  appeal  this  class  of  merchandise  had  been 
recognized  by  customs  officers  as  subject  to  duty  under  paragraph  363,  as  "worsteds  " 
or  as  "manufactures  of  worsted."  A  ruling  long  persisted  in,  it  is  contended,  ought 
not  to  be  changed  except  for  the  gravest  of  reasons.  Seemingly  it  is  thought  by  many 
engaged  in  this  contention  that  a  wrong,  if  hoary  with  age,  gains  such  a  status  that 
it  is  almost  impious  to  attempt  its  dislodgment.  It  has  been  suggested  that  a 
reclassification  of  manufactures,  such  as  are  involved  in  this  case,  is  an  "  alteration  of 
the  law,"  and  that  such  an  "  alteration"  would  bring  calamity  to  all  business,  and, 
therefore,  that  such  ".alteration"  would  be  criminal  upon  the  part  of  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury.  Surely  no  sane  person  would  contend  that  the  Secretary,  or  any 
other  officer  of  the  Government,  can  "  alter  the  law."  Every  one  recognizes  that 
power  to  be  invested  in  the  Congress  alone;  but  it  is  made  the  duty  of  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury  to  supervise  the  execution  of  the  customs  laws.  He  is  charged  with 
the  duty  and  responsibility  of  properly  executing  these  laws,  and,  of  course,  execut- 
ing them  as  he  understands  them. 

This  responsibility  is  imposed  upon  him  by  his  official  oath  and  by  the  statutes. 
He  is  not  necessarilly  to  execute  these  statutes  as  his  predecessor  understood  them, 
or  some  other  gentleman  understands  them,  but  as  he  understands  them;  and  lapse 
of  time,  in  which  an  error  has  been  persisted  in,  is  not  a  justification  for  him  when 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


185 


he  is  clearly  satisfied  that  an  erroneous  construction  has  been  given  to  the  statutes 
by  those  who  have  preceded  him.  If  an  erroneous  interpretation  has  been  given  of 
the  act  of  March  2,  1867,  or  March  3,  1883,  quiet  will  not  come  to  the  conscience  of 
the  present  administrator  of  the  law  by  the  suggestion  that  the  wrong  may  be 
nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century  old.  When  an  erroneous  interpretation  is  discovered, 
then  is  the  opportune  moment  for  its  correction,  and  it  is  a  gross  perversion  of  lan- 
guage to  say  that  he  who,  follows  the  dictates  of  conscience  and  an  enlightened  judg- 
ment, asserts  what  he  believes  to  be  the  manifest  will  of  the  legislature,  is  guilty 
of  the  rank  crime  of  usurping  the  functions  of  the  legislature,  and  assuming  to  make 
"  alterations  in  the  law." 

The  merchandise  involved  in  this  controversy  consists  of  cloths  made  entirely 
from  wool.  They  are  thick,  close,  compact  fulled  cloths,  of  heavy  weight,  and 
they  are  suitable  for  men's  clothing.  They  have  all  the  characteristics  of  woolen 
cloths ;  they  are  produced  from  precisely  the  same  material.  Every  process  in  the 
preparation  of  the  material,  and  of  the  manufacture,  that  is  used  in  the  production 
of  woolen  cloths,  is  resorted  to  in  the  production  of  so-called  worsted  cloths.  They 
are  of  like  value  when  finished;  of  like  weight ;  and  are  adapted  to  the  same  uses, 
and  are  used  by  the  same  class  of  persons.  They  are  so  nearly  alike  that  it  is  only 
the  expert  who  can  distinguish  one  from  the  other,  and  in  many  instances  the  most 
expert  examiner  is  unable  by  sight  or  by  handling  to  determine  one  from  the  other 
until  he  has  had  an  opportunity  to  unravel  and  carefully  inspect  the  yarn  from  which 
the  cloth  is  woven.  But  it  is  contended  by  the  appellants  that  the  processes  used 
in  the  manufacture  of  the  cloths  are  not  the  same;  that  in  the  case  of  worsted  cloth 
one  process  is  used  not  known  to  woolen;  that  the  wool  from  which  the  worsted  is 
woven  is  "  cornbed,"  which  is  not  the  case  with  the  woolen  variety.  In  the  manu- 
facture of  woolen  and  of  worsted  cloth  of  to-day,  the  processes  of  washing,  shearing, 
sorting,  scouring,  drying,  oiling,  pickering,  carding  dyeing,  spinning,  twisting,  spool- 
ing, dressing,  weaving,  fulling,  scouring,  coloring,  crabbing,  shearing,  pressing,  brush- 
ing, are  identically  the  same.  The  wool  is  of  the  same  quality.  It  may  be,  and  in 
this  case  is,  fine  short-staple  merino  wool,  or  wool  of  similar  breeds,  known  as 
''clothing-wool,"  In  the  process  of  manufacture,  up  to  and  including  carding,  the 
methods  of  the  manufacture  are  precisely  the  same  in  both  kinds  of  cloth;  but  at 
that  point  the  wool  intended  for  worsted  cloth  is  subject  to  one  additional  manipu- 
lation. After  being  carded  it  is  "combed."  When  "combed,"  however,  the  methods 
used  in  the  manufacture  of  woolen  cloth  are  again  resumed  and  continued  to  the 
end,  so  that  the  only  method  known  to  worsted  cloth  not  known  to  woolen  is  the 
one  process  of  "  combing." 

If,  therefore,  worsted  cloths  are  not  to  be  classified  as  manufactures  of  wool,  it  is 
because  of  this  one  difference  in  the  process  of  manufacture,  or  because  the "  manu- 
factures of  worsted"  or  "  worsteds  "have  a  "  commercial  designation. "  This  "com- 
mercial designation,"  however,  to  be  available  in  this  controversy,  must  have  been 
adopted,  applied,  and  recognized  at  or  prior  to  the  time  when  the  commodity  to 
which  it  was  applied  was  first  known  to  the  tariff  laws.  Worsteds  have  been  known 
to  these  laws  since  1816,  but  the  phraseology  of  the  present  law  in  all  of  its  sub- 
stance was  adopted  first  in  the  act  of  1867,  so  that  for  the  purposes  of  this  contention 
it  is  enough  to  consider  whether  the  worsted  cloths  of  to-day  were  included  among 
the  articles  to  which  the  "commercial  designation"  of  worsteds  was  applied  at  that 
period.  In  this  connection  we  may  remark  that  in  the  argument  in  the  case  of 
Riggs  v.  Frick  it  was  asserted  that  the  mere  "combing"  of  the  wool  made  any  kind 
of  cloth  "worsted, 99  but  the  court  said: 

"Although  worsted  is  made  of  1  combed 1  wool,  yet  we  have  seen  nothing  to  justify 
us  in  concluding  that  all  manufactures  of  '  combed ;  wool  are  worsted.  On  the  con- 
trary, for  aught  that  appears  to  the  court,  there  may  be  a  variety  of  manufactures 
of  'combed'  wool  which  are  not  worsted  and  that  would  be  liable  to  the  duties 
imposed  on  woolens." 

What  was  meant  by  "manufactures  of  worsteds"  at  the  time  of  the  passage  of 
the  act  of  1867  is  a  most  pertinent  inquiry  in  discussing  the  question  of  "  commercial 
designation." 

It  was  a  manufacture  that  then  existed  that  was  to  be  affected  by  the  law;  it  was 
something  then  known  to  commerce  or  to  manufactures  that  was  to  receive  this 
baptism  of  "worsteds."  It  was  a  something  that  then  existed  and  had  a  place  in 
the  commercial  world. 

If  this  is  true,  then  no  argument  drawn  from  "commercial  designation"  can  help 
the  case  of  the  appellants,  for  at  that  time  the  class  of  cloths  known  to  this  con- 
troversy had  no  existence.  If  there  were  at  that  time  a  few  manufactures  somewhat 
similar  to  cloths  of  this  character  they  were  known  by  another  name  than  that  of 
worsted;  they  were  known  as  diagonals,  as  suitings,  as  corkscrews,  as  trouserings, 
and  not  as  worsteds. 

The  worsteds  of  that  period  were  thin,  light  stuffs  adapted  to  the  clothing  of 


186 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


women  and  children.  They  were  very  far  removed  in  character  from  cloths.  Worsted 
yarn  at  that  time  was  made  by  "  combing"  the  coarse  long-staple  wool  of  English 
breeds.  There  was  no  machinery  at  that  time  capable  of  "  combing"  the  fine,  short 
wool  of  the  Saxony,  Merino,  and  similar  breeds  such  as  enter  in  the  manufacture  of 
the  cloths  in  controversy.  The  fiber  of  the  coarser  wools  equals  ab*ut  l-480th  part 
of  an  inch  in  diameter.  The  finer  about  the  l-1300th  part  of  an  inch  in  diameter. 
The  serrations  of  the  former  are  about  1,000  to  the  inch,  and  of  the  latter  2,700.  The 
length  of  the  former  varies  from  6  to  16  inches ;  the  latter  frequently  are  not  longer 
than  from  1  to  2  inches.  The  worsteds  of  the  period  of  the  enactment  of  the  law 
were  "  combed"  from  coarser  longer  varieties.  The  worsteds  of  this  controversy  are 
"  combed"  from  the  shorter  and  finer  varieties  of  wool.  The  "  worsteds"  of  twenty- 
five  years  ago  but  seldom  weighed  more  than  4  ounces  to  the  square  yard;  worsted 
cloths  of  the  present  time  not  infrequently  weigh  24  ounces  to  the  square  yard. 
The  former  worsteds  were  for  the  handicraft  of  the  dressmaker;  the  latter  for  the 
tailor.  The  "worsted  stuffs,"  or  the  "stuffs"  known  as  worsteds  twenty  years  ago, 
were  as  unlike  the  cloths  of  to-day  as  they  are  unlike  Brussels  carpet.  Carpets  may 
be,  and  sometimes  are,  made  from  the  "combed"  coarse  long-staple  wools;  yet  who 
would  contend  that  because  of  this  "combing"  process  carpets  should  be  admitted 
to  classification  as  worsteds  under  paragraph  363.  It  can  scarcely  be  contended  that 
the  simple  process  of  "combing"  a  material  should  give  the  product  into  which  it 
is  made  a  distinctive  character  or  "commercial  designation"  irrespective  of  the 
nature  of  that  material.  If  the  opposite  of  this  be  so,  then  that  manufacture  made 
from  " combed"  cotton  should  be  classified  as  a  worsted.  To  so  classify  it,  however, 
would  be  absurd ;  and  hence  we  may  say  that  it  is  not  the  process  or  method  of  treat- 
ment of  the  raw  material,  nor  yet  the  material  itself  that  is  the  subject  of  the  law, 
but  it  is  the  class  of  goods  known  to  the  commerce  of  the  country  at  the  time  the 
law  is  approved.  If  the  "worsted  stuffs"  known  to  the  commerce  of  the  country  in 
1867  were  not  the  manufactures  intended  to  be  covered  by  the  language  of  the  act, 
then  there  was  no  substantive,  actual  entity  that  could  have  been  intended.  The 
worsted  cloths  of  this  day  were  not  known.  There  is  no  part  of  the  material  from 
which  worsted  cloths  are  manufactured  at  any  time  during  their  process  of  manu- 
facture known  by  the  name  of  "worsteds."  There  was  no  article  known  to  either 
manufacturers  or  commerce  as  worsteds,  save  that  merchandise  known  as  "worsted 
stuffs." 

It  might  be  said  that  carpet  can  not  be  classified  as  worsted,  because  it  is  other- 
wise provided  for  in  the  act.  It  is  provided  for  as  carpet.  Is  not  this  true  of  the 
manufacture  we  are  considering?  Is  it  not  classified  as  woolen  cloth,  or  as  a  manu- 
facture of  wool?  If  the  worsted  cloths  involved  in  this  appeal  are  not  entitled, 
because  of  their  identity  with  the  worsteds,  or  manufactures  of  worsteds,  of  1867,  to 
be  so  classified,  then  they  are  not  enumerated  in  paragraph  363.  It  is  only  those 
worsteds  known  to  commerce  and  manufacturers  of  that  period  as  worsteds  that  are 
entitled  to  that  designation;  and  these  particular  cloths  must  be  of  that  kind  so 
known  at  that  time  to  have  the  benefits  of  paragraph  363.  They  must  be  included 
under  the  designation  of  manufactures  of  worsted  or  else  they  are  not  named  at  all 
in  that  paragraph.  And  if  they  are  cloths,  and  if  they  are  made  from  wool,  then 
they  are  entitled  to  the  designation  of  woolen  cloths,  or  of  manufactures  of  wool 
provided  for  in  the  preceding  paragraph.  They  certainly  much  more  resemble  woolen 
cloths  than  they  do  the  worsteds  of  the  period  of  the  statute.  In  material ;  in  meth- 
ods of  manufacture;  in  appearance;  in  weight;  in  value;  in  use,  they  are  identical 
with  woolen  cloths.  Compared  with  the  worsted  stuffs  of  1867,  we  find  that  they 
are  dissimilar  in  material;  in  their  value;  in  their  use;  and  have  nothing  in  com- 
mon, excepting  the  one  process  of  "combing."  There  are  at  least  twenty  distinct 
processes  applied  to  wool  from  the  time  it  leaves  the  back  of  a  sheep  up  to  the  time  it 
becomes  a  finished  cloth.  Nineteen  of  these  processes  are  common  to  worsted  cloths 
and  to  woolen.  But  suppose  that  the  cloths  in  the  controversy  are  not  woolen  cloths, 
are  not  named  in  paragraph  362,  nor  yet  in  363,  then  the  classification  of  the  col- 
lector would  be  correct,  because,  being  unenumerated,  he  would  be  required  to  clas- 
sify them  and  impose  the  duty  borne  by  the  article  they  most  nearly  resemble, 
which  would  be  woolen  cloths. 

These  cloths  being  so  nearly  identical  with  woolen  cloths,  the  language  of  the 
statute  would  indicate  the  intention  of  the  Congress  to  have  them  so  classified  for 
the  purposes  of  duties.  Woolen  yarn  and  worsted  yarn  pay  the  same  rate.  Ready- 
made  clothing,  whether  of  worsted  or  wool,  pays  the  sarne  rate,  as  do  cloaks,  dol- 
mans, and  other  articles  enumerated  in  paragraph  367.  Clothing  wools  and  "  comb- 
ing" wools  are  also  placed  upon  an  equality. 

In  the  grouping  of  articles  in  the  paragraphs  of  the  act  of  1883  Congress  has  in 
general  observed  a  rule  of  equality.  It  is  equals  that  we  find  grouped  together. 
Paragraph  362,  we  find,  provides  for  woolen  cloths,  woolen  shawls,  and  manufactures 
made  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool.  This  enumeration,  in  connection  with  the  rates 
provided  for,  shows  the  intention  to  adhere  to  a  general  class,  for  in  the  manufac- 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


187 


tures  that  may  be  in  part  of  wool  the  rate  of  duty  clearly  indicates  that  the  com- 
ponent part  of  the  material  would  be  of  approximate  value  to  the  wool. 

The  same  grouping  of  equals  is  found  in  paragraph  363,  "flannels,  blankets,  hats 
of  woo],  balmorals,  knit  goods,  woolen  and  worsted  yarn,  manufactures  composed 
in  whole  or  in  part  of  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  or  other  animals. "  Here, 
again,  we  find  articles  of  the  same  general  character  of  value  grouped  together,  but 
oi'  less  value,  or  inferior  grade  to  those  of  the  preceding  paragraph.  This  habit  of 
classifying  articles  having  relation  to  each  other  in  their  general  phases  of  character, 
quality,  value,  and  similtude  runs  throughout  the  law.  Not  without  interruption 
or  with  entire  uniformity,  it  is  true,  but  so  generally  and  with  such  marked  uni- 
formity as  to  show  a  purpose  of  intention  or  design  on  the  part  of  the  Congress. 
Paragraph  362  groups  together  the  most  valuable  manufactures  of  wool,  the  fol- 
lowing paragraph  those  of  less  value  or  importance.  Does  not  this  uniformity  of 
expressed  design  sustain  the  belief  that  Congress  did  not  intend  by  the  language 
"  all  manufactures  of  worsted"  to  include  among  the  inferior  articles  of  paragraph 
363  cloths  made  wholly  of  wool,  of  the  highest  value,  perfect  quality,  and  elaborate 
finish  1  Mr.  Blackstone,  among  other  rules  of  interpretation,  says :  "A  statute  which 
treats  of  persons  and  things  of  an  inferior  rank  can  not,  by  any  general  words,  be 
extended  to  those  of  a  superior." 

If  this  rule  should  be  applied  to  the  interpretation  of  paragraph  363  we  would  have 
authority  for  saying  that  superior  high-ranking  woolen  cloths,  involved  in  this 
appeal,  should  not  be  included  among  the  flannels,  balmorals,  knit  goods,  etc.,  spe- 
cially enumerated  in  the  paragraph,  and  in  so  saying  would  but  declare  that  mere 
"general  words  do  not  extend  a  statute  treating  of  inferior  things  to  a  superior." 
In  interpreting  the  statute  the  objects  to  be  attained  by  the  statute  are  always  to 
be  considered  as  a  most  important  aid  in  arriving  at  the  will  of  the  legislature. 
While  the  primary  object  of  the  act  of  March  3,  1883,  was  to  secure  revenue  for  the 
use  of  the  Government,  another  object,  scarcely  less  important,  was  to  protect  the 
manufacturing  interests  of  the  country;  to  secure  its  industrial  independence,  and 
to  furnish  an  abundant  labor  market  for  its  people.  Having  this  in  mind,  it  is 
scarcely  conceivable  that  it  was  the  purpose  of  Congress,  by  the  use  of  the  word 
"worsted"  in  paragraph  363,  to  admit  valuable  material  for  clothing  at  such  rates 
of  duty  as  would  destroy  the  woolen  manufactures  of  the  country  and  thwart  the 
purposes  of  a  protective  system  of  duties.  Prior  to  1883,  the  importations  of  worsteds 
were  of  comparatively  insignificant  value;  but  under  the  interpretation  given  to 
paragraph  363,  and  the  improvident  admission  of  heavy  cloths,  classified  as  manu- 
factures of  worsted,  their  importation  has  grown  to  an  enormous  extent,  resulting  in 
the  closing  of  many  of  our  mills,  and  bankruptcy  of  many  of  our  manufacturers,  and 
the  enforced  idleness  of  very  many  of  our  operatives;  results  that  could  not  have 
been  within  the  contemplation  of  Congress  in  the  enactment  of  the  law.  To  say  that 
Congress  intended  the  classification  that  is  contended  for  by  the  appellants,  is  to 
say  that  the  woolen-cloth  industries  of  this  country  were  not  in  the  minds  of  our 
legislators  when  they  framed  the  protective  features  of  the  act  of  1883.  It  is  esti- 
mated that  Si  pounds  of  unwashed  wool  are  necessary  for  the  manufacture  of  1  pound 
of  cloth.  In  fixing  the  rate  of  duty,  Congress  undoubtedly  intended,  by  the  specific 
duty  on  cloths,  to  compensate  the  manufacturer  for  the  duty  he  had  to  pay  upon  his 
wool,  yet  under  the  construction  that  is  contended  for  by  the  appellants,  the  home 
manufacturer  of  woolen  cloths  is  thus  protected,  and  secures  an  equivalent  in  pro- 
tection for  the  duty  he  must  pay  upon  the  wool  he  consumes,  while  the  manufacturer 
of  the  so-called  worsted  cloths  receives  no  such  equivalent  of  protection.  Yet,  while 
the  domestic  manufacturer  of  worsted  is  subjected  to  ruinous  competition,  the 
domestic  manufacturer  of  woolen  cloths  is  doomed  to  bankruptcy,  because  the 
imported  "worsted  "  serves  allot' the  purposes  of  a  woolen  cloth,  and  because  admitted 
at  a  less  rate  of  duty  takes  its  place  in  the  market.  It  is  scarcely  possible  that  this 
inequality  was  intended  by  the  Congress. 

It  is  a  rule  of  construction  that  the  parts  of  the  statute  shall  be  construed,  if  pos- 
sible, as  that  the  whole  of  it  may  be  given  a  reasonable  operation.  This  canon  of 
interpretation  demands  that  the  woolen  cloths  and  the  alleged  worsted  cloths  shall 
be  placed  upon  an  equality  in  the  amount  of  duties  levied  upon  each. 

If  clothing  wool  and  "combing  "  wool  are  treated  as  equals  by  the  statute,  if  the 
same  is  true  of  woolen  yarn  and  worsted  yarn,  and  of  ready-made  clothing,  and  ol 
cloaks,  dolmans,  etc.,  made  from  both  materials,  if  all  of  these  are  placed  upon  an 
equality  in  the  amount  of  duty  each  must  pay,  what  reason  could  have  existed  in 
the  minds  of  legislators  for  the  gross  inequality  that  it  is  insisted  by  appellants 
should  be  shown  to  woolen  cloths  and  to  these  alleged  worsted  cloths. 

I  fully  agree  with  the  customs  officers  of  the  port  of  New  York  in  their  action 
from  which  this  appeal  has  been  taken. 
Very  respectfully, 

W.  P.  Hepburn, 

Solicitor, 

The  Hon.  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


188 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


ACT  MAT  9, 1890,  PKOVIDIN G  FOE  THE  CLASSIFICATION  OF  WORSTED  CLOTHS  AS 

WOOLENS. 

Be  it  enacted  oy  the  Senate  and  House  o  f  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America 
in  Congress  assembled,  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  be,  and  he  hereby  is, 
authorized  and  directed  to  classify  as  woolen  cloths,  all  imports  of  worsted  cioth, 
whether  known  under  the  name  of  worsted  cloth  or  under  the  names  of  worsteds  or 
diagonals,  or  otherwise.  - 

November  17,  1890. 

Mr.  Justice  Gray,  after  stating  the  case  as  above,  delivered  the  opinion  of  the 
Court. 

The  act  of  March  3,  1883,  chapter  121,  under  "  Schedule  K,  Wool  and  Woolens  "  (22 
Stat.,  508,  509),  imposes  duties  as  follows: 

"  Woolen  cloths,  woolen  shawls,  and  all  manufactures  of  wool  of  every  descrip- 
tion, made  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for  in 
this  act,  valued  at  not  exceeding  eighty  cents  per  pound,  thirty-five  cents  per  pound 
and  thirty-five  per  centum  ad  valorem;  valued  at  above  eighty  cents  per  pound, 
thirty-five  cents  per  pound,  and  in  addition  thereto  forty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

(i 1  Flannels,  blankets,  hats  of  wool,  knit  goods,  and  all  goods  made  on  knitting- 
frames,  balmorals,  woolen  and  worsted  yarns,  and  all  manufactures  of  every  descrip- 
tion, composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  or  other 
animals  (except  such  as  are  composed  in  part  of  wool),  not  specially  enumerated  or 
provided  for  in  this  act,  valued  at  not  exceeding  thirty  cents  per  pound,  ten  cents 
per  pound;  valued  at  above  thirty  cents  per  pound,  and  not  exceeding  forty  cents 
per  pound,  twelve  cents  per  pound;  valued  at  above  forty  cents  per  pound,  and  not 
exceeding  sixty  cents  per  pound,  eighteen  cents  per  pound ;  valued  at  above  sixty 
cents  per  pound,  and  not  exceeding  eighty  cents  per  pound,  twenty-four  cents  per 
pound;  and  in  addition  thereto,  upon  all  the  above-named  articles,  thirty-five  per 
centum  ad  valorem ;  valued  at  above  eighty  cents  per  pound,  thirty-five  cents  per 
pound,  and  in  addition  thereto  forty  per  centum  ad  valorem." 

In  the  interpretation  of  the  customs  acts,  nothing  is  better  settled  than  that  words 
are  to  receive  their  commercial  meaning;  and  that  when  goods  of  a  particular  kind, 
which  would  otherwise  be  comprehended  in  a  class,  are  subjected  to  a  distinct  rate 
of  duty  from  that  imposed  upon  the  class  generally,  they  are  taken  out  of  that  class 
for  the  purpose  of  the  assessment  of  duties. 

Of  the  two  successive  paragraphs  in  the  customs  acts  of  1883,  upon  which  the 
parties  respectively  rely,  the  first  imposes  a  certain  scale  of  duties  on  u  all  manu- 
factures of  wool  of  every  description,  made  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  not  specially 
enumerated  or  provided  for  in  this  act; "  and  the  second  imposes  a  lower  scale  of 
duties  on  "  all  manufactures  of  every  description,  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of 
worsted."  It  is  hardly  necessary  to  observe  that  the  subsequent  words  inclosed  in 
a  parenthesis  ("  except  such  as  are  composed  in  part  of  wool")  evidently  qualify 
only  the  intervening  clause  "the  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  or  other  animals,"  and 
have  no  bearing  upon  this  case. 

Though  worsted  is  doubtless  a  product  of  wool,  and  might  in  some  aspects  be  con- 
sidered a  manufacture  of  wool,  yet  manufactures  of  worsted  being  subjected  by  the 
second  paragraph  to  different  duties  from  those  imposed  by  the  first  paragraph  on 
manufactures  of  wool,  it  necessarily  follows  that  a  manufacture  of  worsted  can  not 
be  considered  as  a  manufacture  of  wool,  within  the  meaning  of  this  statute. 

That  shoddy,  though  a  product,  and  in  some  sense  a  manufacture  of  wool,  is  not 
to  be  considered  as  itself  wool,  or  a  manufacture  of  wool  within  the  meaning  of  the 
statute,  is  clearly  shown  by  the  paragraph  next  preceding  the  two  above  quoted, 
which  makes  the  duty  on  "woolen  rags,  shoddy,  nmngo,  waste,  and  flocks,  10 cents 
per  pound."   (Lennig  v.  Maxwell,  3  Blatchford,  125.) 

It  being  distinctly  found,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  that  the  goods  in  question  are  called 
or  known  in  the  trade  as  "  worsteds,"  and  are  composed  mainly  of  worsted,  but  mixed 
with  a  small  proportion  of  shoddy  and  cotton,  the  circuit  court  rightly  held  that 
they  were  subject  to  duty  as  manufactures  of  worsted,  and  not  as  manufactures  of 
wool. 

The  cases  of  Elliott  v.  Swartout  (10  Pet.,  137),  and  Riggs  v.  Frick  (Taney,  100),  are 
directly  in  point,  and  our  conclusion  is  supported  by  many  decisions  of  this  court  in 
analogous  cases  (Homer  v.  The  collector,  1  Wall.,  486;  Reiche  v.  Smythe,  13  Wall., 
162 ;  Movius  v.  Arthur,  95  U.  S.,  144 ;  Arthur  v.  Morrison,  96  U.  S.,  108 ;  Arthur?;.  Lahey, 
96  U.  S.;il2 ;  Arthur  v.  Stephanii,  96  U.  S.,  125 ;  Arthur  v.  Davies,  96  U.  S.,  135 ;  Arthur 
v.  Rheims,  96  U.  S.,  143;  Swan  v.  Arthur,  103  U.  S.,  597;  Victor  v.  Arthur,  104  U.  S., 
498. 

Judgment  afiirmed. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


189 


Treasury  Department,  May  27,  1889. 

Wool — certain  baskets — and  not  as  toys. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of 
your  letter  of  the  3d  instant,  submitting  the  appeal  (6385v)  of  Messrs.  C.  Goebert  & 
Son  from  your  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  on  certain 
baskets  imported  by  them  per  Switzerland,  March  8,  1889,  and  claimed  to  be  dutiable 
at  the  rate  of  30  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  provision  for  "  baskets,"  in  T.  I.,  395. 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  articles  are  small  baskets  manufactured  of  differ- 
ent materials,  such  as  willow,  metal,  and  wool,  which  were  returned  for  duty  as 
•"  toys,"  uuder  T.  I.,  425,  but  that  on  further  consideration  he  is  inclined  to  believe 
that  they  are  not  intended  for  the  amusement  of  children,  and  is  of  opinion  that  as 
wool  forms  a  conspicuous  and  important  feature  in  their  manufacture  they  would 
be  properly  classified  as  "  manufactures  in  part  of  wool  under  T.  I.,  362." 

The  provision  of  law  contained  in  T.  I.,  395,  imposes  a  duty  of  30  per  cent  ad  valo- 
rem, on  "  baskets  and  all  other  articles  composed  of  grass, 'osier,  palm  leaf,  whale- 
bone, or  willow,  or  straw,"  and  as  the  baskets  in  question,  which"  are  apparently 
intended  to  be  used  for  holding  confectionery  and  not  as  toys,  are  not  composed  of 
any  of  the  materials  specified  except  that  they  contain  a  small  quantity  of  willow, 
the  Department  is  of  opinion  that  they  are  properly  dutiable  as  manufactures  in 
part  of  wool  as  suggested  by  the  appraiser. 

You  are,  therefore,  requested  to  reiiquidate  the  entry  accordingly.  (0403.) 


Treasury  Department,  June  7, 1889. 
Waste,  woolen  or  worsted,  broken  laps. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of 
your  letter  of  the  9th  ultimo,  reporting  on  the  appeal  (5623v)  of  the  Providence 
Worsted  Mills  from  your  decision  assessing  duty  at  the  rate  of  60  cents  per  pound 
on  certain  so-called  "  worsted  waste,"  imported  into  your  port  per  steamer  Nevada, 
on  the  2d  of  March  last,  which  the  appellants  claim  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  10 
cents  per  pound. 

It  appears  that  the  merchandise  covered  by  the  said  appeal  is  the  same  as  that 
which  was  the  subject  of  appeal  (4755v)  of  Messrs.  R.  F.  Downing  &  Co.,  which 
was  forwarded  by  you  to  the  Department  on  the  13th  of  April  last,  the  last-named 
parties  being  the  consignees  at  your  port  who  made  the  entry  of  the  merchandise. 

The  claim  of  the  appellants  in  this  case  is  that  the  merchandise  should  be  classi- 
fied as  "  woolen  waste,"  under  the  provision  in  Schedule  K  (T.  I.,  361)  for  "  waste." 
The  special  report  of  the  U.  S.  appraiser  at  your  port,  and  an  inspection  of  samples, 
however,  show  that  the  merchandise  is  not  " woolen"  or  "worsted  waste,"  within 
the  decision  of  the  court  in  the  ease  referred  to  in  Synopsis  8731,  inasmuch  as  it 
consists  almost  entirely  of  broken  laps,  which,  although  similar  in  character  to 
broken  tops,  is  one  step  farther  advanced  in  the  manufacture  of  yarn,  and  contains  a 
slight  admixture  of  rovings. 

Upon  submitting  the  samples  to  the  U.  S.  appraiser  at  Philadelphia,  that  officer 
reports  that  the  merchandise  is  of  the  same  description  as  the  article  which  is 
returned  at  that  port  as  scoured  wool,  in  other  than  ordinary  condition,  etc. ;  that 
it  is  not  a  legitimate  waste;  and  that  in  the  judgment  of  the  best  experts  to  whom 
the  samples  were  shown  it- is  not  known  commercially  as  "  wool  waste,"  or  bought 
and  sold  as  such;  that  it  does  not  contain  any  thread  or  ring  wasie,  and  that  it  can 
be  returned  to  the  cards  in  its  present  condition  without  undergoing  any  process  of 
manufacture,  and  is  more  valuable  than  the  scoured  wool  of  the  same  class,  as  the 
noils,  burrs,  etc.,  have  been  extracted,  leaving  only  what  might  be  termed  "the  cream 
of  the  wool." 

Under  these  circumstances  the  Department  holds,  in  accordance  with  the  principle 
enunciated  in  its  ruling  of  March  22  last  (Synopsis  9303),  that  the  claim  of  the 
appellants  must  be  rejected. 


190 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Your  decision  in  assessing  duty  thereon  at  the  rate  of  60  cents  per  pound,  as 
scoured  wool  of  class  one,  imported  in  other  than  ordinary  condition,  is  hereby 
affirmed.  (0422.) 


Treasury  Department,  June  27 ',  1889. 

Samfles  of  carpets. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  4th 
instant,  submitting  the  appeal  (8600v)  of  Messrs.  W.  &  J.  Sloane  from  your  assess- 
ment of  duty  on  certain  samples  of  carpets  imported  by  them  per  The  Queen,  March 
29,  1889,  and  claimed  to  be  samples  of  no  commercial  value. 

The  appellants  state  that  the  samples  are  pieces  of  carpet  about  1J  yards  in 
length,  which  are  cut  from  the  whole  piece  while  in  the  loom  and  are  sent  in 
advance  of  the  regular  goods  for  the  sole  purpose  of  securing  orders,  and  that  they 
are  only  of  sufficient  dimensions  to  display  the  style  and  pattern,  and  are,  in  most 
cases,  accompanied  by  a  border  to  match. 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  samples  have  a  commercial  value  and  are  fit  for 
use  as  mats  or  rugs,  and  that  they  were  classified  for  duty  as  Axminster  carpeting 
under  the  provisions  therefor  in  T.  I.,  369,  and  in  accordance  with  the  Department's 
decision  of  February  1, 1876  (Synopsis  2640). 

In  view  of  this  report  and  of  the  provision  in  T.  I.,  378,  that  "mats,  rugs,  *  *  * 
+  bedsides,  and  other  portions  of  carpets  or  carpeting  shall  be  subjected  to  the  rate 
of  duty  *  *  *  imposed  on  carpets  or  carpeting  of  like  character  or  description," 
the  Department  is  of  opinion  that  such  pieces  of  carpet  were  properly  dutiable,  and 
your  assessment  of  duty  thereon  is  hereby  affirmed. 

The  appraiser  at  Philadelphia,  in  reporting  on  said  appeal  under  date  of  the  22d 
instant,  states  that  samples  of  carpets  imported  at  that  port  are  usually  stabbed  or 
cut  to  destroy  their  commercial  value,  and  the  Department  is  of  opinion  that  when 
so  stabbed  or  cut  they  may  be  properly  regarded  as  having  no  commercial  value 
and  admitted  free  as  samples.  (0402.) 


Treasury  Department,  July  24,  1889. 

Garneted  wool  waste  and  carbonated  wool  waste.— The  Department  is  in 
receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  7th  ultimo,  transmitting  the  appeal  (9110v)  of  Messrs. 
J.  Wild  &  Co.  from  your  decision  assessing  duty  at  the  rate  of  30  cents  per  pound  on 
certain  so-called  garneted  wool  waste  imported  into  your  port  per  Ohio  on  the  4th 
of  March  last,  which  the  appellants  claim  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  10  cents  per 
pound,  under  the  provision  in  schedule  K  (T.  I.,  361),  for  "  woolen    *    *    *  waste." 

It  ajjpears  from  the  special  report  of  the  U.  S.  appraiser  and  an  inspection  of 
samples  that  the  merchandise  in  question  consists  of  so-called  woolen  waste  which 
has  been  garneted,  or  put  through  some  process  by  which  it  is  practically  restored 
to  the  condition  of  unmanufactured  scoured  wool  of  the  first  class. 

The  question  as  to  the  classification  of  merchandise  of  this  character  was  decided 
by  the  Department  on  the  26th  of  October,  1887  (Synopsis  8499),  and  it  was  then,  as 
it  was  on  the  13th  of  July,  1887  (Synopsis  8340),  held  that  woolen  waste  which  may 
have  been  broken  up  and  put  through  the  garneting  machine,  whereby  it  becomes 
practically  scoured  wool,  was  dutiable  at  the  rate  prescribed  for  scoured  wool — that 
is  to  say,  when  of  the  first  class  and  costing  under  30  cents  per  pound  in  the 
unwashed  condition,  at  a  duty  of  30  cents  per  pound,  as  assessed  by  you. 

Under  these  circumstances  your  decision  is  affirmed. 

Samptes  of  the  so-called  garneted  wool  waste  were  submitted  to  the  conference 
of  U.  S.  appraisers  which  was  recently  in  session  at  your  port,  with  the  request 
that  they  examine  the  same  and  submit  their  views  as  to  the  proper  classification 
for  duty  of  such  substance  under  the  existing  tarilf  acts,  and  the  Department  is 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


191 


now  in  receipt  of  a  report  from  the  said  conference,  dated  the  11th  instant.  In 
this  report  it  appears  that  the  appraising  officers  are  of  opinion  that  some  of  the 
samples  submitted  to  the  conference  hear  no  evidence  whatever  of  having  been  gar- 
neted, the  same  being  probably  wool  which  was  carded  only,  and  which  is  in  a 
scoured  condition,  equal  in  almost  every  respect  to  the  ordinary  scoured  wool,  and 
fit  for  the  same  use  to  which  the  latter  is  generally  applied. 

The  appraising  officers  also  consided  the  general  question  as  to  the  proper  classi- 
fication of  so-called  garneted,  carbonated,  and  other  similar  wool  wastes,  and  report 
that,  in  their  opinion,  any  process  of  manufacture  whereby  the  value  and  character 
of  a  refuse  article,  such  as  waste  of  wool  as  in  the  cases  mentioned,  have  been 
changed  or  enhanced  and  its  identity  as  a  waste  or  worthless  substance  destroyed, 
so  that  it  becomes  in  fact  scoured  wool,  it  no  longer  belongs  to  the  category  of  waste, 
but  should  be  classified  as  scoured  wool,  which  it  actually  is.  It  is  further  stated 
that  "  the  so-called  carbonated  and  garneted  wastes  have  undergone  a  very  decided 
process  of  manufacture ;  their  value  has  been  increased  to  within  a  trifle  of  the  value 
of  wool  itself;  their  appearance  is  made  so  closely  to  resemble  the  actual  article  as 
to  deceive  even  experts,  and  by  an  admixture  of  the  manufactured  article  with  the 
natural  wool^their  purposes  of  use  are  identically  the  same,"  and  should,  they  think, 
be  classified  for  duty  at  the  same  rate  as  the  wool  from  whence  they  came,  and  made 
so  closely  to  resemble. 

These  views  accord  with  the  rulings  of  the  Department  above  mentioned,  and 
seem  to  be  correct  and  proper.  (950§.) 


Treasury  Department,  July  24,  1889. 

Flannels. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  21st  ultimo,  report- 
ing further  on  the  appeal  (8759v)  of  Messrs.  G.  W.  Sheldon  &  Co.  ftom  your  assess- 
ment of  duty,  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  on  cer- 
tain "  woolen  cloth  in  the  gray,"  imported  by  them  per  England,  May  6,  1889,  and 
claimed  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  18  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem, 
under  the  provisions  for  "  flannels"  in  T.  I.,  363. 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  goods  consist  of  a  woolen  cloth  unfinished  and  un- 
dyed,  which  is  commercially  known  as  a  woolen  cloth  in  the  gray,  and  can  be  used 
as  ladies'  cloth  and  as  coffin-cloth,  and  he  submits  certificates  from  four  of  the  lead- 
ing importers  of  woolen  cloths  in  support  of  such  commercial  designation. 

The  appraiser  at  Philadelphia,  to  whom  the  papers  and  samples  were  submitted, 
reports  that  such  cloths  in  a  finished  condition  are  imported  at  that  port  and  used 
for  carriage  cloths  and  for  ladies7  coating  and  suitings,  and  states  that,  in  his  opin- 
ion, they  come  clearly  within  the  provision  for  "  woolen  cloths"  in  T.  I.,  362. 

The  Department  is  of  opinion  that  the  cloths  in  question  were  properly  classified 
under  said  provision,  and  your  assessment  of  duty  thereon  is  hereby  affirmed. 
(9512.) 


Treasury  Department,  August  1,  1889. 

Machine  lappings.— The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  17th 
ultimo,  submitting  the  appeal  (2091w)  of  Messrs.  J.  C.  Bloomfield  &  Co.  from  your 
assessment  of  duty,  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  on 
certain  machine  lappings  imported  by  them  per  Arizona,  May  13,  1889. 

The  appellants  claim  that  the  merchandise  in  question  is  a  manufacture  of  worsted 
and  flax,  and  entitled  to  entry  at  the  rate  of  12  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad 
valorem,  under  the  provision  in  T.  I.,  363,  for  all  manufactures  of  every  description 
composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  worsted. 

The  appraiser  reports  that  upon  a  chemical  analysis  of  the  article,  which  is  com- 


192 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


mercially  known  as  "lapping/'  and  is  used  for  covering  cylinders  upon  which  calico 
is  printed,  it  was  found  to  be  composed  of  a  ivool  filling  and  a  flax  warp. 

The  claim  of  the  appellants  is,  therefore  rejected  and  your  assessment  of  duty 
thereon  under  the  provision  in  T.  I.,  363,  for  "all  manufactures  of  wool  of  every  de- 
scription made  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool/'  is  hereby  affirmed.  (9548.) 


Treasury  Department,  September  26,  1889. 
Dutch  carpets. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  a  letter  dated  the  20th  instant 
from  W.  &  J.  Sloane,  complaining  of  a  recent  change  at  your  port  in  the  classifica- 
tion of  certain  so-called  wool  Dutch  carpet,  which  they  state  has  for  years  been 
admitted  at  the  rate  of  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  under  the  provisions  in  T.  I.,  378,  for 
carpets  and  carpeting  of  wool,  but  which  is  now  classified  as  "  worsted-chain  Vene- 
tian" carpet,  at  the  rate  of  12  cents  per  square  yard  and  30  per  cent  ad  valorem 
under  T.  I.,  374. 

The  matter  of  the  classification  of  these  carpets  has  been  the  subject  of  consider- 
able correspondence  with  customs  officers  at  your  port,  Boston,  and  Philadelphia, 
and  was  finally  submitted  to  the  conference  of  appraisers  held  at  your  port  in  July 
last,  with  the  result  that  the  conference,  after  a  careful  consideration  and  microscopic 
examination  by  competent  experts,  reported  that  so-called  Dutch  carpets  are  the 
worsted-chain  Venetian  carpets  provided  for  in  paragraph  374,  T.  I.,  new,  and  are 
properly  dutiable  thereunder. 

This  is  the  classification  which  it  is  understood  has  been  followed  at  Philadelphia 
for  some  time  on  the  importation  of  these  carpets,  and,  as  appears  from  the  com- 
plaint above  mentioned,  has  now  been  adopted  at  your  port. 

The  Department  sees  no  good  reason  for  interfering  with  the  same,  and  you  will 
please  advise  the  complainants,  who  have  been  referred  to  you,  in  the  matter  accord- 
ingly. (9632.) 


Treasury  Department,  October  14,  1889. 

Wool  knit  gloves. — The  Department  is  in.  receipt  of  your  letter  of  August  28 
last,  submitting  the  appeal  (5695  w)  of  Messrs.  Marshall,  Field  &  Co.  from  your 
assessment  of  duty,  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  on 
certain  gloves  imported  by  them  (entry  No.  5295)  July  15, 1889,  and  claimed  to  be  duti- 
able at  the  rate  of  40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  as  "  wool  wearing 
apparel  "  under  T.  I.,  366,  on  the  ground  that  they  are  men's  gloves  made  of  plain 
woolen  cloth,  cut  and  sewn,  and  are  not  knit  goods. 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  gloves  in  question  were  made  on  a  knitting-frame, 
and  were  therefore  dutiable  at  the  assessed  rate  under  the  provision  for  wool  knit 
goods  in  T.  L,  363. 

An  inspection  of  the  sample  shows  that  the  gloves  are  made  of  knit  woolen  cloth, 
being  cutout  of  this  material  and  sewn;  and  the  appraiser  at  New  York,  to  whom 
the  samples  were  submitted,  reports  that  they  are  commercially  known  as  wool  knit 
gloves,  and  are  so  classified  at  that  port. 

Your  assessment  of  duty  thereon  is  hereby  affirmed.  (9657*) 


Treasury  Department,  November  1, 1889. 

Dress  goods — wool  and  cotton. — The  Department  duly  received  your  letter  of 
September  4  last,  submitting  the  appeal  (6283  w)  of  Messrs.  Kahn  Bros.,  Brine  &  Co. 
from  your  assessment  of  duty,  at  the  rate  of  9  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad 
valorem,  on  certain  dress  goods  imported  by  them  via  New  York,  July  22,  1889. 

The  samples  have  been  submitted  to  the  appraiser  at  New  York,  who  reports  that 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


193 


upon  chemical  analysis  they  are  found  to  be  composed  of  wool  and  cotton,  and  to  be 
properly  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  7  cents  per  square  yard  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem, 
under  T.  I.,  365,  as  claimed  by  the  appellants.  H-e  also  states  that  the  cotton  threads 
are  discernible  by  the  naked  eye  and  form  a  part  of  the  pattern  of  the  goods,  so 
that  it  is  evident  that  cotton  was  not  introduced  for  the  purpose  of  degrading  the 
fabric  so  as  to  escape  the  proper  rate  of  duty,  as  was  the  case  with  the  merchandise 
covered  by  decision,  Synopsis  8624. 

You  are,  therefore,  authorized  to  readjust  the  entry  and  to  take  measures  for 
refunding  the  excess  of  duty.  (9678.) 


Tjreasury  Department,  November  4,  1889. 

Masks. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  28th  ultimo,  submitting 
the  appeal  (539  x)  of  Messrs.  E.  A.  Prior  &  Co.  from  your  assessment  of  duty,  at  the 
rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  on  certain  masks,  imported 
by  them  per  America,  September  6,  1889,  and  classified  for  duty  under  T.  I.,  362,  as 
"manufactures    *    *    *    made  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool. " 

The  appellants  claim  that  the  masks  in  question  are  made  of  paper  and  cotton 
flannel,  not  wool,  and  that  they  are  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  15  per  cent  ad  valorem, 
under  T.  I.,  388,  as  " manufactures  of  paper." 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  articles  consist  of  paper  masks  with  cotton-flannel 
cowls  and  flowing  beards  of  wool,  and  that  a  similar  mask  was  submitted  by  him 
to  the  Board  of  Appraisers  at  the  conference  in  July,  1889,  and  thereby  held  to  be 
dutiable  as  manufactures  in  part  of  wool  under  the  Department's  decision,  Synopsis 
7566. 

An  inspection  of  the  sample  submitted  shows  that  the  masks  have  eyebrows, 
mustaches,  and  a  long  beard  of  wool,  and  the  Department  decides  that  they  were 
properly  classified. 

Your  assessment  of  duty  thereon  is  hereby  affirmed.    *    *    *  (9687.) 


Treasury  Department,  November  6,  1889. 

Wool,  hats  of — miners'. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  1st 
instant,  further  reporting  on  the  appeal  (4736  w)  of  Messrs.  L.  Toplitz  &  Co.  from 
your  decision  assessing  duty,  at  the  rate  of  10  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad 
valorem,  on  certain  miners'  hats,  imported  per  Brooklyn  City  and  Llandoff  City,  in 
July  and  August  last,  which  the  appellants  claim  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  30 
per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  provision  in  Schedule  N,  T.  L,  400,  for  "  bonnets, 
hats,  and  hoods  for  men,  women,  and  children,"  etc. 

It  appears  that  the  merchandise  was  classified  by  you  under  the  provision  in 
Schedule  K,  T.  I.,  363,  for  "hats  of  wool,"  the  U.  S.  appraiser  having  reported  the 
hats  to  be  composed  of  a  manufacture  of  wool  stiffened  by  a  solution  of  boiled  resin, 
and  inasmuch  as  they  were  valued  at  less  than  30  cents  per  pound  they  were  sub- 
jected to  a  duty  of  10  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  pro- 
vision in  Schedule  K,  T.  I.,  363,  as  aforesaid. 

Upon  reference  to  Department's  ruling  of  January  5, 1881  (Synopsis  4735),  it  would 
seem  that  the  hats  which  were  then  the  subject  of  consideration  differed  from  those 
in  question,  inasmuch  as  they  were  manufactured  of  felt,  resin,  etc.,  and  which  did 
not  come  within  the  category  of  "hats  of  wool." 

With  a  view  to  ascertain  the  proper  classification  of  the  hats  in  question,  the  con- 
ference of  U.  S.  appraisers,  recently  in  session  at  New  York,  were  requested  to  exam- 
ine into  the  matter  and  report  under  what  provision  of  the  tariff  act,  in  the  opinion 
of  the  conference,  the  said  hats  properly  came,  and  the  Department  is  in  receipt 
of  a  communication,  dated  the  22d  ultimo,  from  said  conference,  from  which  it 
H.  Mis.  94  13 


194 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


appears  that  a  sample  of  the  hats  was  submitted  to  the  United  States  laboratory 
for  analysis,  and  that  the  report  of  the  laboratory  was  that  it  was  a  hat  of  wool 
saturated  with  resin. 

Under  these  circumstances  the  Department  decides  that  the  appeal  is  not  well 
taken,  and  that  the  hats  in  question  are  liable  to  duty  at  the  rate  assessed  by  you 
under  such  special  provision  of  the  tariff  in  Schedule  K  for  "  hats  of  wool." 

Your  decision  is  therefore  affirmed.  (9691.) 


Treasury  Department,  November  6, 1889. 

Silk  and  wool  cloakings. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the 
22d  ultimo,  transmitting  the  appeal  (9948 w)  of  Messrs.  Megroz,  Portier,  Grose  & 
Co.,  from  your  assessment  of  duty,  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent 
ad  valorem,  on  certain  silk  and  wool  goods,  imported  by  them  per  Labrador,  Sep- 
tember 3,  1885,  and  claimed  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  7  cents  per  square  yard  and 
40  per  cent  ad  valorem  as  dress  goods,  under  T.  I.,  365. 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  goods  in  question  are  silk  and  wool  cloakings,  and 
that  they  are  not  commercially  known  or  sold  as  dress  goods. 

The  Department  is  therefore  of  opinion  that  the  goods  were  properly  classified 
as  manufactures  in  part  of  wool  under  the  provision  therefor  in  T.  I.,  362,  and  its 
decision  of  February  24,  1886  (Synopsis  7377),  and  your  assessment  of  duty  thereon 
is  hereby  affirmed.  (9699.) 


Treasury  Department,  November  6,  1889. 

Spun  silk. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  1st  instant,  report- 
ing further  on  the  appeal  (6691  w)  of  Mr.  F.  A.  Straus  from  your  assessment  ofduty, 
at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per, pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  on  certain  "spun 
silk"  imported  by. him  per  Servia  August  6,  1889,  and  claimed  to  be  dutiable  at  the 
rate  of  30  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  provision  for  "spun  silk"  in  T.  I.,  381. 

The  appraiser,  it  appears,  returned  the  goods  in  question,  which  are  invoiced  as 
"silk  and  merino,"  as  "worsted  yarn  over  80  cents,"  and  reports  that  on  micro- 
scopic analysis  they  were  found  to  consist  approximately  of :  Silk,  61*05  per  cent; 
wool,  30*60  per  cent;  ramie,  5*39  per  cent;  cotton,  3-06. 

This  analysis  shows  that  they  are  not  "silk  twist,"  and  the  claim  of  the  appel- 
lant is  therefore  rejected. 

I  would  state,  however,  that,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Department,  the  goods  are  not 
"  worsted  yarn,"  but  are  dutiable  at  the  rate  assessed  as  "manufactures  *  *  * 
composed  *  *  *  in  part  of  worsted,"  under  the  provision  therefor  in  T.  I.,  363, 
it  being  understood  that  the  duty  in  such  case  is  higher  than  that  for  manufactures 
of  silk.  (9694.) 


Treasury  Department,  November  20, 1889. 
Buggy-aprons. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  28th  ultimo, 
transmitting  the  appeal  (448  x)  of  the  Michigan  Buggy  Company  from  your  assess- 
ment of  duty,  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under 
T.  I.,  362,  on  certain  "  buggy-aprons,"  imported  by  the  appellants  per  Etruria,  and 
claimed  by  the  appellants  to  be  dutiable,  under  T.  I.,  378,  as  rugs  not  otherwise 
provided  for. 

It  appears  that  the  merchandise  in  question  consists  of  aprons  composed  of  wool, 
cotton,  and  India  rubber;  that  they  are  used  in  front  of  buggies  to  protect  the  occu- 
pants in  stormy  weather  from  rain,  snow,  or  mud ;  and  that  they  are  not  similar  to 
the  articles  covered  by  Department's  decision  of  March  2,  1888  (Synopsis  8702),  and 
do  not  fall  within  the  definition  of  rugs  therein  given. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


195 


The  U.  S.  appraiser  at  tlie  port  of  New  York  reports  that  such  articles  are  classified 
by  him  under  T.  I.,  362,  as  manufactures  in  part  of  wool,  not  specially  enumerated 
or  provided  for,  which  is  the  classification  made  in  the  present  case. 

The  articles  in  question  not  being  rugs,  the  claim  of  the  appellant  is  hereby 
rejected,  and  your  assessment  of  duty  is  affirmed.  (9121.) 


Treasury  Department,  December  43  1889. 

Flannels.— The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  6th  ultimo,  trans- 
mitting the  appeal  (943  x)  of  Messrs.  K.  Mandell  &  Co.,  from  your  assessment  of 
duty,  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  on  certain  flan- 
nels, imported  by  them  per  Teutonic,  August  15,  1889j  and  returned  by  the  appraiser 
on  the  invoice  as  "  manufactures  of  wool." 

The  appellants  claim  that  the  goods  in  question  are  in  fact  flannels,  and  are  known 
as  such  in  the  trade,  and  that  they  should  be  classified  as  such  under  T.  L,  363,  and 
dutiable  at  the  rate  of  24  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

The  appraiser  at  Philadelphia,  to  whom  the  sample  of  goods  has  been  submitted, 
reports  that  they  are  known  commercially  as  flannels;  that  they  are  made  of  a  cot- 
ton and  wool  warp,  with  a  woolen  filling,  and  that  while  this  class  of  goods  has 
not  been  received  at  that  port,  it  would,  if  entered,  be  returned  under  T.  I.,  363,  as 
claimed  by  the  importers. 

Inasmuch  as  the  goods  in  question  strongly  resemble  flannels,  and  assimilate 
thereto  in  material,  quality,  and  texture,  the  Department  is  of  the  opinion  that  the 
claim  of  the  appellants  is  well  founded,  and  you  are  hereby  authorized  to  reliquidate 
the  entry  accordingly,  and  take  the  necessary  steps  for  refunding  the  duties  exacted 
in  excess.  (9757.) 


Treasury  Department,  January  15,  1890. 

"White  Chevrette"  or  Angora  goat  hair. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of 
your  letter  of  the  8th  of  November  last,  further  reporting  on  the  appeal  (6510  w)  of 
Mr.  Henry  Schmidt  from  your  decision  assessing  duty,  at  the  rate  of  10  cents  per 
pound,  on  certain  goat  hair,  imported  into  your  port  per  Utopia,  August  14,  1889, 
which  the  appellant  claims  to  be  exempt  from  duty  under  the  provision  in  the  free 
list,  T.  I.,  717,  for  "hair  of  all  kinds,  cleaned  or  uncleaned,  drawn  or  undrawn,  but 
unmanufactured,  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for  in  this  act." 

It  appears  from  the  special  reports  of  the  appraiser,  transmitted  by  you,  that  the 
hair  in  question  was  returned  by  him  under  the  provision  in  Schedule  K  (T.  L,  354), 
because  it  consisted  of  hair  taken  from  A.ngora  goat  skins,  and  although  commer- 
cially known  as  "  white  chevrette,"  which  is  ordinarily  obtained  from  skins  of  the 
Angora  kid  by  a  liming  process  after  the  animals  are  killed,  and  is  of  the  poorer 
class  of  Angora  goat  hair,  it  is  liable  to  duty  under  such  provision,  which  specifies 
u  all  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  and  other  like  animals."  That  the  article  is  hair  of  the 
Angora  goat  is  also  proven  by  certificates  from  numerous  dealers  in  wool,  hair,  etc., 
at  your  port. 

The  fact  that  the  article  is  Angora  goat  hair  removes  it  from  the  category  of  the 
hair  specified  in  the  "free  list,"  because  (1)  it  is  therein  prescribed  that  to  exempt 
hair  from  duty  it  must  be  otherwise  unenumerated,  and  (2)  Angora  goat  skins  with 
the  wool  on  are  specially  excluded  from  exemption  of  duty  (T.  I.,  719). 

Angora  goat  hair  is  well  recognized  as  belonging  to  class  2,  wools,  and  as  it  is 
clearly  covered  by  the  said  provision  in  Schedule  K  (T.  I.,  354)  the  Department 
decides,  regardless  of  the  use  to  which  it  may  be  applied,  that  it  is  dutiable  at  the 
rate  of  10  cents  per  pound,  as  assessed  by  you. 

Your  decision  is  affirmed.  (9810») 


196 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Treasury  Department,  January  22,  1890.  j 
Adrianople  wool. — The  Department  duly  received  your  letter  of  October  7  last, 
further  relating  to  the  appeals  (2966  w)  of  Messrs.  John  and  James  Dobson,  per 
Vicenzo  Galatola,  May  2,  1889,  and  (3916  w)  of  Mr.  H.  Schmidt,. per  Adriatic,  June  I, 
1889,  from  your  decision  assessing  duty,  at  the  rate  of  10  cents  per  pound,  on  certain 
unwashed  Adrianople  wool,  imported  by  the  said  vessels,  respectively,  which  the 
appellants  claim  to  be  wool  of  class  3,  and  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  2|  cents 
per  pound,  under  the  provision  in  Schedule  K,  T.  I.,  359,  being  valued  at  less  than 
12  cents  per  pound. 

The  appellants  claim  that  wool  of  this  character — that  is,  wool  from  Adrianople — 
has  been  imported  by  themselves  and  others  for  many  years,  and,  until  the  present 
instance,  passed  at  the  ports  of  New  York  and  Philadelphia  as  third-class  wool;  that 
it  was  reported  in  the  year  1872  by  Mr.  George  William  Bond,  who  had  been  charged 
by  the  Department  with  the  preparation  of  the  standard  wool  samples,  as  class-three 
wool;  that  it  is  of  the  same  general  quality  and  character  as  at  that  time,  and  is 
expressly  covered  by  the  provision  in  paragraph  355,  T.  I.,  for  " native  Smyrna, 
and  including  all  such  avooIs  of  like  character  as  have  been  heretofore  imported  into 
the  United  States  from  Turkey    *    *  *." 

It  is  learned  from  authoritative  sources  that  the  original  sheep  of  Roumelia  and 
adjoining. provinces  were  of  the  Zackel  and  fat  or  broadtail  races;  but  long  before 
1867  these  had  been  crossed  upon  to  a  very  considerable  extent  by  Merinos  or  other 
racss  of  sheep  clearly  of  the  first  class.  There  remain  there,  however,  sheep  which 
yield  only  wool  of  the  third  class.  In  1870  Mr.  George  William  Bond  obtained 
samples  of  Adrianople  or  Rournelia  wool  of  class  1,  also  one  sample  of  class  3; 
the  former,  however,  were  lost  by  shipwreck,  and  the  latter  was  destroyed  by  fire  at 
Boston,  consequently  the  cabinet  of  standard  samples  prepared  for  the  Department 
by  Mr.  Bond  in  1872  did  not  include  a  sample  of  such  wool,  and  the  sample  (No.  33) 
of  class  1  in  the  present  cabinet  of  standard  samples,  which  were  reported  upon 
by  the  commission  appointed  h#  the  Secretary  of  Treasury  in  1884,  is  the  only  sample 
of  Adrianople  wool  that  has  ever  been  adopted  by  the  Department  as  a  standard. 

Reports  of  recent  dates  from  the  collectors  at  Boston  and  Philadelphia  indicate 
that  previous  to  the  adoption  of  the  present  cabinet  of  standard  samples,  in  October, 
1884,  it  was  the  practice  at  those  ports  to  classify  Adrianople  wools  as  of  class  3, 
but  that  since  that  date  such  wools  have  been  uniformly  classified  for  duty  as  of 
class  1. 

From  your  report,  dated  the  20th  instant,  it  appears  that  during  the  time  that  Mr. 
John  A.  Bausch  served  as  assistant  appraiser  at  your  port  (from  1867  to  January, 
1883)  Adrianople  wool  was  returned  for  duty  as  of  class  1;  that  between  the 
latter  date  and  March,  1889,  certain  importations  of  such  wools  were  passed  as  of 
class  3,  but  since  the  latter  date  all  importations  of  Adrianople  wool  proper  have 
been  classified  as  wools  of  class  2. 

The  special  reports  of  the  appraiser  at  your  port  are  to  the  effect  that  the  impor- 
tations in  question  comprised  four  different  grades  or  qualities  of  wool,  mostly  from 
sheep  raised  in  Turkey,  near  Adrianople,  .and  having  been  taken  from  the  skin  in  the 
grease  is  termed  "  Kassop  bachi,"  or  butchers'  wool;  that  grades  1  and  2  being 
from  sheep  of  Merino  breed,  and  corresponding  in  character  to  sample  No.  33  in  the 
cabinet  of  standard  samples,  were  returned  for  duty  as  wool  of  class  1,  but  as  the 
other  grades  "showed  marked  indications  of  being  carpet  wool,"  they  were  returned 
for  duty  as  of  class  3. 

The  fact  that  Adrianople  wools  were  admitted  at  the  ports  of  New  York,  Boston, 
and  Philadelphia  as  of  class  3,  during  different  periods,  as  above  mentioned,  does 
not  establish  their  right  to  such  admission  then  nor  since.  On  the  contrary,  it  would 
appear  that  a  portion  thereof  at  least  was  so  admitted  in  direct  contravention  of 
the  provision  in  the  tariff  acts  of  1867  and  1883,  respectively,  for  "wools  of  Merino 
blood,  immediate  or  remote." 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


197 


It  is  satisfactorily  ascertained  that  tlie  wools  from  Turkey,  which  are  known  as 
Adrianople  wools,  come  in  part  from  sheep  of  improved  or  distinctly  Merino  blood, 
and  in  part  from  the  native  or  third-class  races.  Although  these  wools  may  he  sep- 
arately sold  and  haled  for  shipment  at  Adrianople,  it  is  understood  that  they  are 
largely  purchased  by  dealers  in  Smyrna  for  the  purpose  of  mixing  andrebaling  with 
their  native  wools  for  shipment  as  such  to  this  country. 

In  this  view  the  Department  is  unable  to  decide  definitely  to  which  particulai 
dutiable  class  Adrianople  wools  generally,  or  wools  imported  from  Smyrna,  belong. 
The  question  must  be  determined  in  each  instance  under  the  long-established  ruling 
of  the  Department  (Synopsis  361),  according  to  race  or  blood. 

When,  as  in  the  present  cases,  such  wools  correspond  to  sample  No.  33  in  the 
Department  cabinet  of  standard  samples,  or  show  definitely  the  peculiar  character- 
istics of  wools  of  class  1,  they  should  be  subjected  to  duty  under  paragraph  357,  T. 
I.,  new;  otherwise,  and  when  exhibiting  only  indefinite  or  imperfect  traits  of  wools 
from  Merino,  or  the  other  improved  breeds,  they  should  be  classified  as  wools  of 
class  3. 

Your  decision,  with  respect  to  the  particular  importations  in  question,  is  hereby 
affirmed. 

This  decision  will  also  apply  to  appeal  (7897w)  of  Mr.  H.  Schmidt,  covering  an 
importation  per  Servia,  April  15,  1889,  so  much  of  the  appeal  as  applies  to  the  entry 
per  Bothnia,  April  15,  1889,  being  rejected,  as  it  appears  that  protest  was  not  filed 
within  the  statutory  time.    (981 7.) 


Treasury  Department,  January  27,  1890. 

Sailor  hats. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  13th  instant, 
submitting  the  appeal  (6554a;)  of  Messrs.  Balch,  Price  &  Co.  from  your  assessment 
of  duty,  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  on  certain 
hats  imported  by  them  per  Germanic,  November  16, 1889,  and  claimed  to  be  dutiable 
at  the  rate  of  30  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  provision  in  T.  I.,  400,  for  "  Bon- 
nets, hats,  and  hoods  for  men,  women,  and  children.77 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  hats  in  question  are  known  as  sailor  hats,  now 
much  worn  by  young  ladies,  and  are  manufactured  of  wool,  felted,  and  covered  with 
a  black  varnish. 

Under  the  Department's  decision  of  November  6,  1889  (Synopsis  9691)  as  to  cer- 
tain miner's  hats,  the  hats  in  question  were  properly  subject  to  duty  at  the  rate 
assessed  under  the  provision  for  i(  hats  of  wool,77  in  T.  I.,  363. 

Your  assessment  of  duty  thereon  is  hereby  affirmed.  (9§25.) 


Treasury  Department,  February  4,  1890. 

Linen  lace  tidies. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  8th  ultimo, 
submitting  the  appeal  (5841x)  of  Messrs.  Marshall  Field  &  Co.  from  your  assess- 
ment of  duty,  at  the  rates  of  50  per  cent  ad  valorem  and  35  cents  per  pound  and  40 
per  cent  ad  valorem,  on  certain  tidies  imported  by  them  at  your  port,  entry  No. 
9697,  December  2,  1889. 

The  appellants  claim  that  the  tidies  in  question  are  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  30  per 
cent  ad  valorem  as  "  linen  lace,"  under  T.  I.,  337,  or  at  the  rate  of  35  per  cent  ad 
valorem  as  "  manufactures  of  flax,"  under  T.  I.,  334. 

The  tidies,  it  appears,  are  manufactured  of  wool,  worsted,  jute  thread,  tinsel,  and 
silk,  and  the  collector  of  customs  at  New  York  reports, under  date  of  the  30th  ultimo, 
that  such  goods  are  classified  for  duty  at  that  port  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound 
and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  under  T.  I.,  362. 

The  tidies,  being  composed  in  part  of  wool,  are  properly  dutiable  as  manufactures 
in  part  of  wool,  and  you  are  hereby  authorized  to  readjust  the  entry  accordingly, 
and  to  take  measures  for  collecting  the  balance  of  duty  found  to  be  due.  (98360 


198 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Treasury  Department,  February  13,  1890. 

Worsted  laces. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  tlie  4th  instant; 
reporting  further  on  the  appeal  (2968a?)  of  Messrs.  Eice  &  Frank  from  your  assess- 
ment of  duty,  at  the  rate  of  30  cents  per  pound  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  on  cer- 
tain worsted  trimmings  imported  by  them  per  Hammonia,  September  29,  1885. 

The  appellants  state  that  the  goods  consist  of  ordinary  worsted  laces,  not  used  or 
intended  for  dress  trimmings,  and  claim  that  they  are  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  35 
cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  as  "manufactures  of  worsted/7  under 
T.  I.,  363. 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  goods  are  strips  of  woolen  cloth,  embroidered  and 
used  for  trimming  women's  dresses  and  other  garments,  and  are  not  the  laces  cov- 
ered by  the  Department's  decision  (Synopsis  6311). 

In  view  of  this  report  the  Department  is  of  opinion  that  the  goods  are  properly 
dutiable  at  the  rate  assessed,  under  the  provision  inT.  I.,  368,  for  "dress  trimmings 
*    *    *    made  of  wool,  worsted,"  etc. 

Your  assessment  of  duty  thereon  is  hereby  affirmed.  (9800.) 


Treasury  Department,  February  18,  1890. 

"Ring  waste." — The  Department  has  had  under  investigation  the  repeated  com- 
plaints of  Mr.  Theodore  Justice,  president  of  the  Philadelphia  Wool  Merchants' 
Association,  and  of  other  gentlemen,  in  relation  to  the  classification  for  duty  at 
Philadelphia  and  other  ports  of  wool  in  the  form  known  as  "ring  waste,"  and  after 
a  very  careful  examination  of  the  matter  decides  as  follows  : 

"  Ring  waste,"  so  called,  is  a  genuine  product,  resulting  from  what  is  known  as 
the  French  system  of  mule  spinning,  in  general  use  in  England,  France,  and  Ger- 
many. It  is  imported  in  its  ordinary  condition,  and  has  not  been  changed  for  the 
purpose  of  evading  duty,  as  inferentially  charged;  consequently  it  is,  in  any  view 
of  the  case,  exempt  from  the  double  rate  of  duty  prescribed  in  paragraph  356,  T.  I., 
in  certain  cases. 

While  this  "ring  waste"  is  a  product  of  the  processes  of  spinning  wool  into  yarn, 
it  is  not  "waste"  in  the  sense  of  the  tariff  act. 

What  that  act  means  by  the  association  of  "woolen  rags,  shoddy,  mungo  waste, 
and  flocks  "  in  a  single  category  was  defined  by  the  decision  reported  in  Synopsis 
No.  5820,  (a)  as  "something  of  little  or  no  value,"  and  the  Department  is  in  posses- 
sion of  no  new  facts  or  reasons  impeaching  the  soundness  of  the  principle,  except 
the  decision  of  September  10,  1886,  reported  in  Synopsis  7915. 

In  the  latter  case,  however,  it  does  not  appear  that  the  attention  of  the  Depart- 
ment was  drawn  to  the  fundamental  consideration  that  the  paragraph  of  the  tariff 
act  associating  "  woolen  rags,  shoddy,  mungo  waste,  and  flocks"  in  a  single  classi- 
fication exhibits  an  obvious  intent  to  deal  only  in  that  one  classification  with  degen- 
erate forms  of  woolen  material,  of  comparative  little  value,  and  not  with  this  form 
of  wool,  which,  though  resulting  from  a  particular  step  in  the  process  of  woolen 
manufacture,  is  still  wool  of  high  quality,  advanced  to  the  last  stage  of  purification 
prior  to  its  manufacture  into  yarn,  and  of  greater  value  than  many  grades  of 
domestic  scoured  wool. 

The  ground  upon  which  Synopsis  7915  stands  is,  that  "ring  waste"  "can  not  be 
utilized  without  being  broken  by  machinery,  thus  destroying  the  fiber  of  the  wool, 
and  the  utility  of  the  article  for  other  purposes  than  that  of  waste."  This  statement 
is  only  partially  correct,  since  the  fiber,  though  somewhat  depreciated  by  shorten- 
ing, is  not  destroyed,  and  when  spun  in  combination  with  longer  fibered  wool,  pro- 
duces a  higher  grade  of  yarn  than  could  possibly  be  produced  from  "  rags,  shoddy, 


a  See  note  to  No.  0884. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


199 


niungo  waste,  and  flocks."  The  Department  is  unable,  therefore,  to  adhere  to  that 
decision  as  an  authority  in  a  case  where  the  same  question  is  again  raised. 

The  association  of  woolen  rags,  shoddy,  mungo  waste,  and  flocks  in  a  single  cate- 
gory is  an  old  provision  of  tariff  legislation,  and  antedates  the  time  when  "ring 
waste"  became  known  as  an  article  of  commerce.  It  can  not  therefore  be  claimed 
that  Congress  had  it  in  contemplation  when  providing  for  these  comparatively  val- 
ueless wool  adulterants. 

For  the  reasons  herein  stated,  you  are  advised  that  so-called  uriug  waste,"  when 
found  to  be  wool  of  high  value,  superior  quality,  and  in  a  purified  state,  should 
be  subjected  to  duty  as  scoured  wool  of  its  appropriate  class.  But  when,  from  any 
cause,  it  is  really  degenerated  or  waste  material  of  small  value  compared  with 
scoured  wool  of  the  higher  grades,  it  should,  according  to  the  rule  of  similitude,  be 
classed  as  "  waste"  under  paragraph  361,  T.  I.,  new.  (9871.) 


Treasury  Department,  March  10,  1890. 

Embroidered  woolen  dress  patterns. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your 
letter  of  the  18th  ultimo,  submitting  the  appeal  (9367  x)  of  Messrs.  B.  &  A.  Haas 
from  your  assessment  of  duty,  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad 
valorem,  on  certain  dress  patterns,  imported  by  them  at  your  port  on  the  5th  ultimo, 
and  claimed  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valo- 
rem, under  the  provision  in  T.  I.,  366,  for  u  wearing  apparel  of  every  description 
*  *  *  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool  *  *  *  worsted  *  *  *  made  up 
or  manufactured  wholly  or  in  part  by  the  tailor,  seamstress,  or  manufacturer." 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  articles  consist  of  woolen  dress  goods,  weighing 
over  4  ounces  to  the  square  yard,  simply  cut  in  lengths  for  dresses,  overskirts, 
etc.,  and  not  partly  manufactured,  the  embroidery  thereon  being  woven  id  to  the 
appropriate  parts  of  the  goods. 

An  inspection  of  the  sample  submitted  shows  that  the  articles  consist  of  three 
pieces  of  woolen  dress  goods,  one  plain  and  the  others  embroidered,  which  together 
constitute  the  material  for  a  lady's  dress,  and  are  not  made  up  or  manufactured  in 
any  way,  but  are  simply  cut  into  the  necessary  lengths. 

They  are  of  the  same  character,  except  as  to  material,  as  the  cotton  robes  covered 
by  the  Department's  decision  of  August  21,  1886  (Synopsis  7711),  and  in  view  of  said 
decision  the  Department  is  of  opinion  that  they  are  properly  dutiable  at  the  rate 
assessed,  under  the  provision  for  "  women's  and  children's  dress  goods  *  *  * 
weighing  over  4  ounces  per  square  yard,"  in  T.  I.,  365. 

Your  assessment  of  duty  thereon  is  hereby  affirmed.  (9913.) 


Treasury  Department,  April  17,  1890. 

Mohair  tops. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  12th  instant, 
further  reporting  on  the  appeal  (723  y)  of  Messrs.  P.  Goldsmith  &  Co.,  from  your 
decision  assessing  duty,  at  the  rate  of  60  cents  per  pound,  on  certain  mohair  noils, 
4<out  of  the  ordinary  condition,"  imported  into  your  port  via  New  York,  on  the  20th 
of  February  last,  which  the  appellants  claim  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  20  cents 
per  pound,  as  scoured  Angora  goat  hair. 

It  appears  from  the  report  of  the  United  States  appraiser  at  'your  port  and  an 
inspection  of  samples,  that  the  merchandise  in  question  consists  of  mohair  tops 
made  from  the  hair  of  the  Angora  goat,  the  same  being  scoured  Angora  hair,  costing 
under  30  cents  per  pound  in  the  unwashed  condition  and  being  in  the  form  of  tops 
in  their  ordinary  condition. 

Under  these  circumstances,  the  article  being  scoured  wool  or  hair  of  the  Angora 


200 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


goat,  imported  in  other  than  the  ordinary  condition,  is  dutiable  under  the  provisions 
of  Schedule  K,  T.  I.,  356  and  358,  at  the  rate  of  60  cents  per  pound. 

The  claim  of  the  appellants  that  the  wool  rate  of  duty  is  not  applicable  to  this 
class  of  merchandise  is  not  well  founded,  inasmuch  as  the  provisions  in  said  Sched- 
ule T.  I.,  356  and  358,  include  hair  of  the  "goat  and  other  like  animals,"  in  class 
two,  "combing  wools,"  so  that  the  double  rate  of  duty  applies  thereto  when  imported 
in  other  than  the  ordinary  condition. 

Your  decision  is  therefore  hereby  affirmed. 

In  this  connection  it  may  be  stated  that  this  decision  is  in  accordance  with  the 
practice  prevailing  at  New  York  and  elsewhere.  (9972.) 


Treasury  Department,  April  21,  1890. 

Jipins  rugs. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  11th  instant, 
submitting  the  appeal  (1979  y)  of  Messrs.  V.  E.  Archambault  &  Son  from  your 
assessment  of  duty,  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem, 
on  certain  jipins  rugs  (so  called),  imported  by  them  per  Ohio,  September  18,  1889, 
and  claimed  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  under  the  provision 
for  "rugs"  in  T.  L,  378. 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  goods  are  not  rugs,  and  are  not  generally  used  as 
rugs,  but  are  intended  for  and  used  as  curtains  and  draperies  for  doors  and  windows, 
and  that  they  are  composed  of  wool. 

The  claim  of  the  appellants  is  therefore  rejected,  and  your  assessment  of  duty 
thereon,  under  the  provision  in  T.  L,  362,  for  "all  manufactures  of  wool  of  every 
description,  made  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,"  is  hereby  affirmed.  (9980.) 


Treasury  Department,  May  26,  1890. 

Kalmuc  plain  filling  carpet. — Referring  to  your  letter  of  March  29  last,  trans- 
mitting the  appeal  (1421  y)  of  H.  Bentell  from  your  assessment  of  duty,  at  the  rate 
of  12  cents  per  square  yard  and  30  per  cent  ad  valorem,  on  certain  Kalmuc  plain 
filling  carpet,  imported  per  Runic,  February  6,  1890,  and  returned  as  worsted  chain 
Venetian  carpeting,  dutiable  under  T.  I.,  374,  I  have  to  state  that  the  Department 
has  carefully  considered  the  subject-matter  of  said  appeal,  and  obtained  a  report 
thereon  from  the  conference  of  appraisers  recently  in  session  at  New  York,  and  also 
individual  reports  from  the  appraisers  at  New  York,  Boston,  and  Philadelphia. 
With  one  exception,  all  the  said  reports  concur  in  the  opinion  that  this  carpet  dif- 
fers from  the  Dutch  carpeting  (subject  of  Department's  decision  of  September  26, 
1889,  Synopsis  9632,  on  the  strength  of  which  duty  was  assessed  in  this  case)  in  sev- 
eral important  particulars,  and  to  such  an  extent  that  the  classification  held  appli- 
cable to  the  Dutch  carpeting  can  not  be  applied. 

As  deduced  from  said  reports,  the  distinctions  to  be  observed  between  the  two 
carpets  aforesaid  are  as  follows:  First,  the  warp  thread  in  the  "  Kalmuc"  runs  reg- 
ularly over  and  under  two  threads  of  the  filling,  thereby  bringing  to  the  surface  the 
filling  threads  equally  with  the  warp,  while  in  the  wool  Dutch  carpet  the  warp  yarn 
runs  over  and  under  a  single  thread  of  filling  in  such  a  way  as  to  raise  the  warp 
above  and  completely  cover  the  filling,  leaving  the  warp  alone  on  the  face  of  the 
carpet  upon  which  comes  the  wear.  Second,  the  warp  of  the  Kalmuc  carpeting  is 
woolen  while  that  of  the  Dutch  carpeting  is  so-called  worsted. 

In  view  of  these  facts,  and  of  the  further  statement  in  the  report  of  the  conference 
that  this  Kalmuc  carpeting  is  not  commercially  known  as  either  the  AvoTsted  chain 
Venetian  carpeting  or  a  yarn  Venetian  carpet,  the  Department  must  hold  that  the 
provisions  in  T.  I.,  374,  for  worste'd  chain  Venetian  carpets  is  not  applicable  to  "Kal- 
muc plain  filling  carpet,"  but  that  the  latter  being  a  carpet  of  wool,  is  dutiable 
under  the  specific  provisions  in  T.  I.,  378,  for  carpets  and  carpetings  of  wool. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


201 


You  are  therefore  authorized  to  reliquidate  the  entry  at  the  rate  provided  in  the 
last-named  paragraph  (40  per  cent  ad  valorem)  and  to  take  the  necessary  steps  for 
refunding  the  excess  of  duty  exacted  thereon.  (10038.) 


Treasury  Department,  June  19,  1890. 

"Foule  serge"  not  flannels. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of 
the  4th  instant,  submitting  the  appeal  (4735?/)  of  Messrs.  H.  Meyer  &  Co.  from  your 
assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  9  cents  per  square  yard  aud  40  per  cent  ad  valorem 
on  certain  "  foule  serge/'  imported  by  them  per  Dania,  March  31,  1890,  and  claimed 
to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  as  u  flan- 
nels "under  T.  I.,  363. 

The  appraiser  reports  that  the  goods  are  women's  and  children's  woolen  and 
worsted  dress  goods,  which  are  not  manufactured  in  the  same  manner  as  flannels. 

Your  assessment  of  duty  thereon,  under  the  provision  in  T.  I.,  365,  for  women's  and 
children's  dress  goods,  is  therefore  affirmed.  (10076.) 


Treasury  Department,  June  20,  1890. 

Worsted  portieres. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  12th 
instant,  reporting  on  the  communication  of  W.  &  J.  Sloane,  dated  the  5th  idem, 
relative  to  the  action  of  the  appraiser  at  your  port  in  returning  certain  " manufac- 
tures of  combed  wool  (or  worsted)  and  cotton,"  and  known  commercially  as  "por- 
tieres" or  "hangings,"  imported  by  Messrs.  Sloane,  as  dutiable  under  T.  I.,  362,  by 
reason  of  the  act  of  May  9,  1890  (see  Synopsis  10020). 

You  state  that  the  entry  has  not  yet  been  liquidated,  and  express  the  opinion  that 
the  act  cited  by  the  appraiser  applies  to  worsted  cloths  that  assimilate  to  the 
woolen  cloths  referred  to  in  T.  I.,  362,  in  quality,  texture,  and  uses,  and  that  said  act 
does  not  repeal  and  make  void  the  provisions  of  T.  I.,  363,  for  "worsted"  fabrics 
that  are  not  cloths  nor  used  for  the  same  purposes  as  the  woolen  cloths  covered  by 
paragraph,  T.  I.,  362. 

The  Department  concurs  in  this  view,  which  accords  with  the  view  expressed  in 
its  decision  of  May  27, 1889  (Synopsis  9400),  wherein  it  is  stated  that  the  term  "cloths" 
has  a  technical  and  restricted  signification,  and  can  properly  be  only  applied  to  the 
thicker  and  heavier  fabrics  of  wool,  which  are  so  finished  and  close  as  to  be  adapted 
for  use  by  the  tailor  or  clothier  in  the  manufacture  of  garments  for  men  and  boys. 
(10078.) 


Treasury  Department,  September  22,  1890. 
Wool  on  the  skin  (shearlings). — The  Department  duly  received  your  letters  of 
the  21st  and  26th  of  June  last,  in  relation  to  the  appeal  (5524?/)  of  Mr.  Richard 
Young  from  your  decision  assessing  duty  at  the  rate  of  10  cents  per  pound  on  certain 
wool  on  the  skin,  imported  into  your  port  per  Canada,  on  the  29th  of  April  last, 
which  the  appellant  claimsto  be  exempt  from  duty  because,  as  alleged,  the  skins 
containing  the  wool  are  commercially  known  as  "shearlings,"  and  the  wool  contained 
thereon  is  so  short  as  to  be  valueless  for  the  purpose  for  which  the  skins  are  imported 
by  him,  and  also  because  the  cost  of  removing  the  wool  would  more  than  offset  its 
actual  value. 

After  affording  the  appellant  a  personal  hearing  on  the  question,  and  a  thorough 
arfd  careful  investigation  of  the  matter,  it  has  been  ascertained  that,  while  perhaps 
the  skins  in  question  may  be  called  "  shearlings,"  the  wool  thereon,  which  averages 
from  1£  to  2  pounds  per  skin,  is  of  sufficient  length  to  make  it  valuable  whenpulled 
from  the  skin  for  manufacturing  purposes;  that,  upon  being  scoured,  it  would  be 


202 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


worth  from  60  to  65  cents  per  pound;  that  wool  of  much  shorter  length  is  pulled 
from  domestic  skins  and  sold  in  the  market  as  wool,  and  that  the  wool  in  question 
is  certainly  of  sufficient  length  to  he  of  commercial  value  as  wool. 

The  official  samples  have  heen  submitted  to  a  number  of  importers  and  experts  at 
Boston  and  elsewhere,  all  of  whom  express  the  opinion  that  the  wool  thereon  is  of 
sufficient  length  to  render  it  valuable  as  wool,  and  to  compensate  the  owner  for  the 
expense  of  removing  it. 

Under  all  the  circumstances,  the  Department  has  reached  the  conclusion  that  the 
wool  contained  on  these  skins,  which  you  report  to  consist  of  7,170  pounds  of  class-1 
wool,  is  liable  to  duty  under  the  provisious  in  Schedule  K,  T.  I.,  360,  and  that  your 
decision  must  stand  affirmed. 

In  this  connection  it  may  be  mentioned  that  the  claim  of  the  importer  that  he 
does  not  desire  to  use  the  skins  for  the  purpose  of  pulling  the  wool  therefrom,  but 
to  manufacture  them  into  gloves,  mittens,  saddlery,  etc.,  can  not  operate  to  prevent 
the  assessment  of  duty  on  the  wool  as  prescribed  by  said  provisions  of  the  statute. 
(10208.) 


New  York,  September  22,  1890. 

Wool  knit-goods. — We  are  receipt  of  your  letter  of  6th  instant,  transmitting 
protest  (No.  136a)  of  Messrs.  Baum  &  Mandel,  against  your  action  in  assessing  duty 
at  the  rate  of  10  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  certain  so-called 
"cotton  knit-goods/'  imported  by  them  per  Bhaetia,  July  7,  1890. 

An  inspection  of  the  sample  accompaning  the  invoice  discovers  the  merchandise 
to  be  knit  goods  composed  of  wool  and  cotton,  and  an  analysis  furnished  by  the 
appraiser  at  this  port  returns  it  as  containing  50  per  cent  of  wool  shoddy  and  47  per 
cent  of  cotton  and  3  per  cent  grease,  color,  etc. 

The  merchandise,  which  is  valued  at  less  than  30  cents  per  pound,  has  all  of  the 
appearance  of  wool  knit  goods  and  was  evidently  intended  to  be  marketed  as  such, 
which  fact,  in  addition  to  that  of  the  wools  being  the  chief  component  material,  in 
our  opinion  renders  your  assessment  of  duty  at  10  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent 
ad  valorem,  T.  I.,  363,  correct,  and  your  action  is  affirmed.  (10322 — €r.  A.  43.) 


New  York,  September  26,  1890. 

Wool  and  cotton  dress  goods. — We  are  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  August  26 
last,  transmitting  protests  of  A.  Murphy  &  Co.  (86  a)  and  Schefer,  Schramm  &  Vogel 
(87  a)  against  your  assessment  of  duty,  at  the  rate  of  9  cents  per  square  yard  and  40 
per  cent  ad  valorem,  on  certain  so-called  "  dress  goods,"  imported  in  vessels  named. 

The  merchandise  was  returned  by  the  appraiser  as  "  worsted  dress  goods,  made  in 
part  of  other  material,  introduced  for  the  purpose  of  changing  the  classification  of 
duty,"  and  duty  was  accordingly  assessed  thereon  at  the  rate  of  9  cents  per  square 
yard  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  provisions  of  T.  I.,  365. 

This  paragraph  of  the  tariff  act  of  March  3,  1883,  embraced  in  Schedule  K,  cover- 
ing wool  and  woolens,  assesses  a  certain  amount  per  square  yard,  besides  an  ad 
valorem  duty  on  women's  and  children's  dress  goods,  coat  linings,  Italian  cloths, 
and  goods  of  like  descriptions  "  composed  in  part  of  wool,  worsted,"  and  other 
named  articles,  and  valued  at  not  exceeding  20  cents  per  square  yard,  and  other 
rates  on  like  goods  valued  above  20  cents  per  square  yard.  It  is  further  provided 
that  "if  [such  goods  are]  composed  wholly  of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  alpaca, 
goat,  or  other  animals,  or  if  a  mixture  of  them,  9  cents  per  square  yard  and  40  per 
centum  ad  valorem,  but  all  such  goods  with  selvedges,  made  wholly  or  in  part  of 
other  materials,  or  with  threads  of  other  materials  introduced  for  the  purpose  of 
changing  the  classification,  shall  be  dutiable  at  9  cents  per  square  yard  and  40  per 
cent  ad  valorem."    A  proviso  follows  which  does  not  affect  the  case. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


203 


A  chemical  analysis  of  the  goods,  made  by  order  of  this  hoard,  shows  that  one 
sample  contains  3*67  per  cent  of  cotton  irregularly  dispersed;  another  sample  3*73 
per  cent,  and  a  third  as  much  as  8'64  per  cent,  the  latter  carded  in  with  the  wool. 
The  other  samples  show  no  traces  of  cotton,  hut  only  of  colors,  mordaunt,  and 
dressing  in  the  usual  quantities. 

The  contention  of  the  importers  is  that  the  cotton  was  introduced  in  the  form  of 
fiber  carded  into  the  thread  of  the  warp  before  spinning,  and  was  not  introduced  in 
the  form  of  a  thread  or  for  the  purpose  of  changing  the  classification ;  that  they  are 
not  composed  wholly  of  wool  with  selvedges  made  wholly  or  in  part  of  any  material 
other  than  wool,  introduced  for  the  purpose  of  changing  the  classification ;  that,  the 
value  of  the  goods  not  being  in  excess  of  20  cents  per  square  yard,  they  are  dutiable 
under  this  same  paragrai>h  at  5  cents  per  square  yard  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

It  is  made  to  appear  to  us,  by  satisfactory  information,  that  these  goods  are  man- 
ufactured in  France  and  are  sold  in  that  country  and  other  parts  of  the  continent, 
as  well  as  in  America.  All  the  goods,  except  the  sample  marked  "D  3867"  contain- 
ing 8*64  per  cent  of  cotton,  are  commercially  classed  ordinarily  and  sold  as  if  com- 
posed wholly  of  Wool,  the  samples  indicating  nothing  to  the  contrary.  The 
material  of  cotton  is  not  contained  in  them  in  such  appreciable  quantity  as  to 
affect  their  value  or  commercial  designation.  Goods  which  do  not  contain  any 
other  material  in  an  appreciable  quantity  than  wool  must  be  classified  practically 
as  being  wholly  of  wool.  Hence  they  were,  in  our  opinion,  properly  assessed  as  if 
they  were  all  wool  and  not  mixed  goods.  This  view  renders  immaterial  the  ques- 
tion as  to  the  intent  with  which  the  small  fraction  of  cotton  was  incorporated  for 
the  existence  of  the  intent  denounced  by  the  statute  would  not  in  this  case  alter 
the  classification  or  rates  of  duty. 

The  other  goods,  represented  by  the  sample  marked  D  3867,  stand  on  a  different 
basis.  Cotton  is  present  in  this  merchandise  in  an  appreciable  quantity.  This  is 
apparent,  from  the  inspection  of  the  sample,  to  ordinary  observation.  It  is  readily 
discerned  by  experts  and  the  goods  are  sold  in  the  market  and  commercially  recog- 
nized as  composed  of  wool  and  cotton.  There  is  no  evidence  tending  to  show  that 
this  cotton  was  added  for  the  purpose  of  changing  the  classification.  The  inference 
of  such  a  fraudulent  purpose  can  not  be  deduced  without  some  fact  tending  to  sup- 
port it. 

The  contention  of  the  importer  as  to  these  goods  is  sustained.  Your  assessments 
as  to  the  others  are  correct  and  will  be  affirmed.    (10326 — G.  A.  47.) 


New  York,  October's,  1890. 
Cashmere  gloves  and  hosiery. — We  are  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  16th 
ultimo,  transmitting  protest  (No.  282a,)  of  Messrs.  Wesendonck,  Lorenz  &  Co.,  against 
your  assessment  of  duty,  at  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  on 
cashmere  gloves  and  hosiery,  imported  by  them  per  Noordland,  July  7,  and  Bhyn- 
land  July  12,  1890. 

The  importers  claim  that  the  merchandise  should  have  been  returned  for  duty  as 
wearing  apparel  other  than  knit  goods,  under  T.  I.,  366.  An  inspection  of  the 
goods  discloses  the  fact  that  they  are  what  are  known  as  cashmere  gloves  and  hose, 
or  half-hose,  manufactured  from  wool  and  are  all  knit  goods,  a  portion  of  them  made 
upon  frames  and  others  made  into  the  piece  and  afterwards  cut  into  shape  and 
sewed  together. 

Paragraph  363,  T.  I.,  new,  under  which  duty  was  assessed,  provides  for  "knit 
goods  and  all  goods  made  on  knitting  frames."  *  *  *  There  is  no  limitation  as  to 
the  peculiar  manner  in  which  the  knitting  is  to  be  done;  in  fact,  the  words,  "  made 
on  knitting  frames"  evidence  the  intent  of  Congress  to  cover  both  hand-knit  and 
machine-knit  goods;  nor  is  there  any  qualification  as  to  completed  articles  knit  in 
contradistinction  to  materials  knit  in  the  piece  and  subsequently  made  into  articles. 


204 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


The  intent  of  the  framers  of  the  law  would  seem  to  us  to  be  as  manifest  as  to  the 
latter  class  of  goods  as  to  the  former,  for  the  same  paragraph  quoted  further  says 
"  woolen  and  worsted  yarns  and  all  manufactures  of  every  description,"  *  *  * 
indicating  that  every  stage  or  form  of  knitting  from  the  yarn  itself  to  a  completed 
article  was  to  be  included  therein. 

Your  action  in  assessing  duty  on  the  merchandise,  being  in  accordance  with  the 
above,  is  affirmed.    (10335— O.  A.  56.) 


New  York,  October  13,  1890. 

Constitutionality  of  the  act  of  May  9,  1890. — We  are  in  receipt  of  your  letter 
of  the  13th  ultimo,  transmitting  the  protests  described  in  the  accompanying  sched- 
ule against  the  assessment  of  duty,  at  the  rate  of  35  per  cent  ad  valorem  and  35  cents 
per  pound,  on  certain  so-called  "  worsted, "  imported  in  the  vessels  named. 

The  merchandise  was  returned  by  the  appraiser  as  "woolen  cloths  under  80  cents 
per  pound,"  and  duty  was  accordingly  assessed  thereon  at  the  rate  above  stated, 
under  the  provisions  of  T.  I.,  362. 

It  is  claimed  by  the  importer  that  the  goods  are  manufactures  composed  wholly  or 
in  part  of  worsted,  and  not  composed  in  part  of  wool,  and  should  be  classified 
accordingly  under  Schedule  K,  act  of  March  3,  1883. 

The  correctness  of  this  contention  turns  on  the  constitutional  validity  of  the  act 
approved  May  9, 1890,  entitled  "An  act  providing  for  the  classification  of  worsted 
cloths  as  woolens."    This  act  reads  as  follows : 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  Amer- 
ica in  Congress  assembled,  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized  and  directed  to  classify  as  woolen  cloths  all  imports  of  worsted  cloth, 
whether  known  under  the  name  of  worsted  cloth  or  under  the  name  of  worsteds  or 
diagonals  or  otherwise. 

In  form  this  act  purports  to  authorize  and  direct  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to 
classify  all  imported  worsted  cloths  as  woolen  cloths.  It  was  never  intended,  as 
seems  to  be  supposed,  that  this  officer  should  engage  in  the  duties  of  an  appraiser  of 
merchandise,  by  himself  inspecting  every  invoice  of  such  goods  at  every  port  in  this 
country,  passing  judgment  upon  them,  and  formally  announcing  his  judgment. 
This  would  be  both  absurd  and  impracticable.  The  law  itself  operates  ipso  facto  to 
place  worsted  cloths  in  the  same  category  with  woolen  cloths  as  to  classification  aud 
rates  of  duty.  In  any  event  the  circular  issued  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  on 
May  13,  1890,  referring  to  the  law  in  question,  as  contained  in  Treasury  Decisions 
No.  10020,  would  have  this  effect  if  any  official  action  on  the  part  of  this  officer  were 
needed  to  execute  its  manifest  purpose. 

The  importer,  however,  assails  this  law  as  unconstitutional,  chiefly  on  the  follow- 
ing grounds: 

(1)  That  a  quorum  of  the  House  of  Kepresentatives  was  not  present  when  the  vote 
was  taken  on  the  bill. 

(2)  That  a  quorum  of  the  House  did  not  vote  on  the  bill. 

(3)  That  the  act  was  declared  by  the  Speaker  of  the  House  to  have  been  passed, 
and  was  certified  to  have  been  passed,  when  it  had  not  been  constitutionally  enacted, 
which  was  in  violation  of  section  5  of  article  1  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States. 

These  objections  fairly  present  the  question  sought  to  be  raised,  and  the  power 
vested  by  Congress  in  this  board,  under  the  provisions  of  section  14  of  the  act  of 
June  10,  1890,  authorizing  the  creation  of  the  Board  of  General  Appraisers  for  the 
port  of  New  York,  confers  on  us  the  jurisdiction  and  also  imposes  the  duty  "to 
examine  and  decide  the  case  thus  submitted."  The  power  to  decide  is  a  judicial 
power,  and  involves  the  authority  to  hear  and  determine  by  due  process  of  law. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


205 


Iii  view  of  the  importance  of  the  issue  involved,  and  of  the  large  number  of  cases 
before  us  depending  on  its  decision,  we  deem  it  proper  to  give  the  reasons  upon 
which  the  conclusion  reached  by  us  is  founded,  and  to  cite  the  authorities  which, 
in  our  judgment,  support  this  conclusion. 

Taking  judicial  notice  of  the  proceedings  of  the  House  of  Representatives  (as  found 
in  the  Congressional  Record,  May  1,  1890,  p.  4188)  we  find  that  the  proceedings  of 
that  body  disclose  the  following  facts  in  taking  the  vote  on  the  bill  under  consider- 
ation : 

• 

Yeas,  139 ;  nays,  0 ;  not  voting,  189. 

The  Speaker  :  The  Clerk  will  announce  the  names  of  members  present  and  not 
voting.    The  Clerk  read.    (Here  follow  75  names.) 

The  Speaker:  The  names  of  the  members  not  voting,  75 in  number,  together  with 
138  voting  in  the  affirmative,  being  213  in  all,  more  than  a  quorum  necessary  under 
the  constitution  to  transact  business,  the  Chair  makes  the  following  announcement 
of  the  vote :  The  yeas  are  138,  nays  none,  and  the  bill  is  passed. 

This  journal  of  legislative  proceedings  is  a  public  record,  of  the  contents  of  which 
we  are  at  liberty  to  take  judicial  notice  without  formal  proof  being  made.  (South 
Ottawa  v.  Perkins,  94  U.  S..  260;  Cooley  on  Const.  Lim.,  163.) 

The  question  before  us  is  one  purely  of  constitutional  law,  and  must  be  decided 
from  this  high  standpoint,  entirely  free  from  any  prejudice  liable  to  be  engendered 
by  political  considerations. 

The  constitution  of  the  United  States  (article  1,  section  5)  provides  that  "a  ma- 
jority of  each  House  shall  constitute  a  quorum  to  do  business ;"  but  that  a  smaller 
number  may  adjourn  from  day  to  day,  and  may  be  "authorized  to  compel  the  attend- 
ance of  absent  members,"  under  proper  penalties.  It  is  further  declared  that  "each 
House  may  determine  the  rules  of  its  proceedings,"  and  that  "each  House  shall  keep 
a  journal  of  its  proceedings,"  and  "the  yeas  and  nays  of  the  members  of  either  House, 
on  any  question,  shall,  at  the  desire  of  one-fifth  of  those  present,  be  entered  in  the 
journal." 

The  journal  of  the  House  proceedings  unquestionably  shows  a  majority  of  all  the 
members  to  be  present  and  a  majority  undoubtedly  constitutes  a  quorum  to  do 
business.  The  inquiry  then  is  reduced  to  this :  Can  the  House  authorize  its  journals 
to  be  so  prepared  as  to  show  a  quorum  to  be  present,  althouogh  many  of  those  in- 
cluded to  make  up  the  quorum  were  silent  when  the  vote  was  taken  by  "ayes"  and 
"nays"  and  refused  themselves  to  record  their  votes?  In  our  judgment,  this  au- 
thority seems  to  follow  by  implication  from  the  three  powers  expressly  enumerated 
in  section  5,  article  1.  above  cited : 

(1)  The  power  of  the  House  to  keep  a  journal  of  its  own  proceedings,  which  car- 
ries with  it  the  power  to  make  such  journal  speak  the  truth. 

(2)  The  power  to  compel  the  attendance  of  absent  members,  which  also  implies 
the  authority  to  utilize  their  attendance  after  their  corporal  presence  is  enforced.  It 
could  not  be  intended  that  any  member  should  be  compelled  to  vote  irrespective  of 
any  parliamentary  rule  on  this  subject. 

(3)  The  power  of  the  House  to  make  its  own  rules  of  parliamentary  proceedings. 
This  would  seem  to.  embrace  the  authority  to  adopt  any  mode  of  ascertaining  the 
presence  of  a  quorum  in  the  House  within  the  discretion  of  that  body  not  expressly 
or  impliedly  prohibited  by  the  Constitution. 

It  is  true  that  the  House  formerly  had  a  rule  of  procedure  which  provided  that 
when  the  roll-call  disclosed  the  absence  of  a  quorum  the  Chair  could  not  go  outside 
of  the  record  to  decide  the  presence  of  a  quorum.  (Constitutional  Manual  and 
Digest,  second  session,  Forty-sixth  Congress,  338.)  Such,  at  any  rate,  seems  to  have 
been  the  practice  of  the  Chair,  although  it  was  ordained  by  another  rule  that  every 
member  present  during  the  call  of  the  yeas  and  nays  "  shall  vote  on  each  question 
put  from  the  Chair."  The  two  rules  are  clearly  repugnant,  and  the  enforcement  of 
either  seems  to  be  the  disobedience  of  the  other. 

The  old  rule  prevailed  until  the  adoption  by  the  House  of  Representatives  of  tho 
Fifty-first  Congress  of  Rule  xv,  the  third  paragraph  of  which  reads  as  follows : 


206 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


On  the  demand  of  any  member,  or  at  the  suggestion  of  the  Speaker,  the  names  of 
members  sufficient  to  make  a  quorum  in  the  hall  of  the  House,  who  do  not  vote,  shall 
be  noted  by  the  Clerk,  and  recorded  in  the  journal,  and  reported  to  the  Speaker  with 
the  names  of  the  members  voting,  and  be  counted  and  announced  in  determining 
the  presence  of  a  quorum  to  do  business. 

Whether  the  latter  rule  was  formerly  in  force,  as  such;,  when  the  act  of  May  9> 
1890,  under  consideration,  was  passed,  we  are  not  accurately  advised;  nor  do  we 
deem  this  inquiry  material,  as  the  principle  of' the  new  rule  was  followed  by  the 
House  on  the  adoption  of  the  act  as  shown  by  the  journal  of  its  proceedings  above 
quoted.  If  the  constitutional  power  existed  to  adopt  the  new  rule  for  all  cases,  the 
like  power  certainly  existed  to  adopt  it  for  a  single  case.  Parliamentary  rules  are 
chiefly  designed  for  the  convenient  and  orderly  dispatch  of  legislative  and  other 
business,  and  no  one  will  contend  that  the  mere  violation  by  either  House  of  Con- 
gress of  one  of  its  own  rules  of  procedure,  not  required  by  the  fundamental  law, 
would  authorize  a  court  to  hold  void  a  law  enacted  through  the  instrumentality  of 
the  violation  of  such  rule. 

The  settled  rule  of  construction  is  that  constitutions,  like  statutes,  must  be  con- 
strued in  the  light  of  the  principles  of  the  common  law.  This  rule  generally  was 
that  a  majority  of  the  quorum  of  an  assembly  actually  present  must  control,  although 
less  than  a  quorum  may  vote.  This  is  the  undisputed  law  of  both  England  and 
America  in  reference  to  corporations,  public  and  private,  including  municipal  cor- 
porations. 

In  Rex  v.  Monday,  Couper,  538,  Lord  Mansfield  said: 

When  the  assembly  are  duly  met,  I  take  it  to  be  clear  that  the  corporate  act  may 
be  done  by  the  majority  of  those  who  once  regularly  constituted  the  meeting. 

The  following  language  is  used  in  Willcock  on  Municipal  Corporations,  a  very  old 
work,  and  it  is  believed  to  correctly  state  the  rule  as  to  the  election  of  corporate 
officers  and  the  enactment  of  corporate  ordinances: 

After  an  election  has  been  properly  proposed,  whoever  has  a  majority  of  those 
who  vote,  the  assembly  being  sufficient,  is  elected,  although  a  majority  of  the  entire 
assembly  altogether  abstain  from  voting;  because  their  presence  suffices  to  consti- 
tute the  elective  body,  and  if  they  neglect  to  vote  it  is  their  own  fault,  and  shall  not 
invalidate  the  act  of  the  others,  but  be  construed  as  an  assent  to  the  determination 
of  the  majority  of  those  who  do  vote. 

In  the  case  of  Rex  v.  Foxcraft,  2  Burr,  1017,  which  involved  the  election  of  a  town 
clerk,  Lord  Mansfield  observed  that  u  whenever  electors  are  present  and  decline  to 
vote  at  all  (as  they  have  done  here)  they  virtually  acquiesce  in  the  election  made  by 
those  who  do,"  and  so  the  other  judges  held.  This  ruling  was  approved  by  Lord 
Penman,  C.  J.,  in  Gosling  v.  Veley,  7  A.  and  E.,  439,  and  again  when  the  same  case 
came  before  the  House  of  Lords.  The  English  rule  has  been  adopted  quite  unani- 
mously in  this  country,  and  is  voiced  in  the  declaration  of  Chancellor  Kent  that  "a 
majority  of  the  quorum  may  decide." 

The  adjudged  cases  fully  support  this  view,  and  hold  that  members  who  are  pres- 
ent and  refuse  to  vote  may  be  considered  as  acquiescing  in  the  voice  of  the  majority 
of  those  actually  voting. 

The  authorities  are  lucidly  reviewed  in  the  recent  case  of  The  Rushville  Gas  Com- 
pany v.  The  City  of  Rushville  (121  Ind.,  207),  decided  by  the  supreme  court  of 
Indiana  as  late  as  the  year  1889.  There  the  common  council  of  the  town  of  Rush- 
ville was  composed  of  six  members.  All  were  present  when  the  vote  was  taken  on 
the  acceptance  of  a  contract  for  lighting  the  town.  Only  three  voted  for  the  reso- 
lution, which  was  a  majority  of  a  quorum,  but  not  a  majority  of  those  present. 
It  was  said  by  the  court:  "The  rule  is  that  if  there  is  a  quorum  present,  and  a 
majority  of  the  quorum  vote  in  favor  of  a  measure,  it  will  prevail,  although  an 
equal  number  should  refrain  from  voting.  It  is  not  the  majority  of  the  whole  num- 
ber of  members  present  that  is  required;  all  that  is  required  is  a  majority  of  the 
number  of  members  required  to  constitute  a  quorum. 7;  And  again:  "The  mere 
presence  of  inactive  members  does  not  impair  the  right  of  the  quorum  to  proceed 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


207 


with  the  business  of  the  body.  If  members  present  desire  to  defeat  a  measure  they 
must  vote  against  it,  for  inaction  will  not  accomplish  their  purpose.  Their  silence 
is,  in  fact,  a  declaration  that  they  consent  that  the  majority  of  a  quorum  may  act 
for  the  body  of  which  they  are  members. " 

The  same  view  is  taken  by  the  supreme  court  of  Illinois  in  the  case  of  Launtz  v. 
The  People  (113  111.,  137),  decided  in  1886.  The  charter  of  the  city  of  East  St. 
Louis  gave  the  mayor  the  right  to  give  the  casting  vote  in  case  of  a  tie.  Four  of 
eight  councilmen  present  voted  in  the  affirmative  for  the  election  of  an  officer.  The 
other  four  being  present  refused  to  vote  either  way  on  the  call  of  "ayes"  and 
"nays."  It  was  held  that  the  mayor  could  treat  those  present  and  not  voting  as  . 
opposed  to  those  who  had  voted,  and  decide  the  question  by  voting  also  in  the 
affirmative. 

In  State  v.  Green  (37  Ohio  St.,  227),  it  Avas  held  that  members  of  a  city  council 
present  and  refusing  to  vote  when  their  names  were  called  could  not  defeat  the 
election  of  a  clerk  or  divest  the  body  of  the  power  to  elect.  The  legal  effect  of 
refusing  to  vote  was,  in  other  words,  held  to  be  an  acquiescence  in  the  choice  of 
those  who  did  vote,  a  quorum  being  present,  although  a  quorum  did  not  actually 
vote. 

An  analogous  principle  was  applied  to  popular  elections  by  the  U.  S.  Supreme 
Court  in  the  case  of  the  County  of  Cass  v.  Johnson  (95  U.  S.,  360),  where  they  con- 
strued a  clause  in  the  Missouri  constitution.  The  general  assembly  was  prohibited 
by  this  clause  from  authorizing  any  county  to  loan  its  credit  to  any  corporation 
"unless  two-thirds  of  the  qualified  voters  "  of  such  county  at  an  election  duly  author- 
ized assented  thereto.  It  was  held  that  all  qualified  voters  who  absented  themselves 
from  such  election  were  "presumed  to  assent  to  the  expressed  will  of  the  majority  of 
those  voting,  unless  the  law  providing  for  the  election  otherwise  declares."  It  was 
observed  that  "  any  other  rule  would  be  productive' of  the  greatest  inconvenience, 
*and  ought  not  to  be  adopted  unless  the  legislative  will  to  that  effect  is  clearly 
expressed."  The  same  rule  was  declared  in  St.  Joseph  Township  v.  Rogers  (16  Wall? 
644). 

A  like  doctrine  has  been  announced  by  the  highest  judicatories  of  several  other 
States,  whose  decisions  are  of  great  authority.  In  fact,  we  find  no  case  opposed  to 
this  view,  and  it  is  abundantly  supported  by  the  authorities.-  (Angell  and  Ames  on 
Corp.,  sec.  126,  127 ;  Grant  on  Corx>.,  71;  Horr  and  Bemiss  on  Municipal  and  Police 
Ord.,  42;  1  Dillon  on  Municipal  Corp.  (4th  ed.),  sec.  278,  282.) 

To  reach  the  conclusion  that  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the  U.  S.  Con- 
gress, invested  as  it  is  with  the  express  powers  to  "determine  the  rules  of  its  pro- 
ceedings," can  not  constitutionally  change  a  preexisting  rule  on  the  subject  under 
consideration  so  as  to  declare  on  its  journals  the  fact  of  a  quorum  being  present,  if 
the  fact  exists,  we  must  be  pointed  to  some  clause  in  the  Federal  Constitution  which 
curtails  or  limits  the  general  power  to  make  such  rules,  so  as  to  forbid  the  exercise 
of  such  authority.  It  may  be  that  since  the  foundation  of  the  Government  the 
House  has  followed  another  and  contrary  rule.  This  rule  has  been  characterized  as 
"the  precedent  of  a  hundred  years."  The  existence  of  such  a  rule,  we  repeat,  does 
not  argue  the  constitutional  disability  of  the  same  body  to  change  or  modify  that 
rule  or  precedent,  unless,  in  doing  so,  they  violate  some  prohibition  of  the  instru- 
ment from  which  tbej  derive  all  their  powers.  It  is  not  unreasonable  to  suppose 
that  the  framers  of  that  instrument  intended  to  confer  the  power  to  make  a  rule, 
which  at  that  time  was  the  accepted  rule  of  parliamentary  law  among  all  English- 
speaking  people,  governing  the  legislative  action  of  every  municipal  corporation  in 
England  and  the  American  colonies.  There  would  be  no  valid  reason  for  conceding 
such  a  power  to  every  petty  corporation  in  the  land  and  denying  it  at  the  same  time 
to  one  of  the  legislative  houses  of  Congress.  A  fortiori  should  it  be  conceded  to  the 
more  important  body.  Its  purpose  is  to  prevent  the  unreasonable  obstruction  of 
legislative  business  by  the  mere  silence  of  members  who  are  present  and  refuse  to 


208 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


vote.  The  theory  of  the  law  is  that  members  can  not,  by  refusing  to  vote  at  all, 
accomplish  more  towards  defeating  a  bill  or  resolution  than  they  could  by  voting 
against  it.  The  presence  of  a  qualified  member  of  the  House  while  the  legislative 
business  is  progressing  must,  for  this  reason,  bo  construed  as  a  participation  in  such 
business.  The  compulsory  attendance  of  recusant  members  would  be  a  nugatory 
power  in  the  absence  of  the  power  to  recognize  their  presence  after  they  had  been 
brought  into  the  House.  A  refusal  to  vote,  therefore,  when  present,  can  not  law- 
fully operate  as  an  abdication  of  membership  by  a  member  who  is  actually  in  the 
House.  Such  is  deemed  to  be  the  recognized  rule  governing  the  procedure  of  the 
English  Parliament.    (North  American  Review,  September,  1890,  372.) 

Add  to  these  considerations  the  proposition  of  law,  now  generally  accepted  by 
the  courts,  that  no  law  ought  to  be  declared  unconstitutional  unless,  in  clear  cases, 
where  the  deciding  court  entertains  no  doubt  as  to  its  unconstitutionality,  and  we 
have  no  alternative  left  but  to  sustain  the  act  of  May  9,  1890,  under  consideration. 

Our  opinion  is  that  the  objections  to  the  validity  of  the  law  are  not  well  taken, 
and  that  we  can  not  go  back  behind  the  fact  of  its  attestation  by  the  President  of 
the  Senate  and  the  Speaker  of  the  House,  and  its  approval  by  the  President,  all  of 
which  are  regular,  to  ascertain  whether  or  not  in  its  passage  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives violated  any  parliamentary  rule  or  precedent,  however  ancient  its  ex- 
istence. 

It  follows  from  what  we  have  said  that  the  assessment  of  duty  in  the  several 
cases  above  mentioned  were  properly  made,  and  the  decision  of  the  collector  is  ac- 
cordingly affirmed.    (10336— O.  A.  57.) 


New  York,  October  17,  1890. 

Dress  goods. — We  are  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  16th  ultimo,  transmitting 
the  protests  hereinafter  described,  against  your  assessment  of  duty,  at  the  rate  of  7 
cents  per  square  yard  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  on  certain  so-called  "wool  and 
silk  goods/'  imported  in  the  vessels  named. 

The  merchandise  was  returned  by  the  appraiser  upon  the  invoices  as  "  in  part 
worsted  dress  goods,"  costing  over  20  cents  per  square  yard,  and  duty  was  assessed 
accordingly,  under  the  provisions  of  T.  L,  365.  This  paragraph  of  the  tariff  law 
imposes  the  above  rates  on  "  women's  and  children's  dress  goods,  coat  linings,  Ital- 
ian cloths,  and  goods  of  like  description,  composed  in  part  of  wool,  worsted,"  and 
other  named  materials  valued  at  above  20  cents  per  yard. 

The  special  report  of  the  assistant  appraiser  shows  that  these  goods  are  u  composed 
of  worsted  in  the  weft  and  silk  in  the  warp,  and  are  similar  to  women's  and  chil- 
dren's dress  goods."  Samples  of  the  goods  attached  to  this  report  present  the  ap- 
pearance of  such  similarity  to  the  eye  and  iu  texture. 

It  is  contended  that  under  the  provisions  of  section  2499  of  the  Revised  Statutes, 
as  amended  by  the  act  of  March  3,  1883*  these  goods  should  pay  a  duty  of  50  per 
cent  ad  valorem.  The  clause  of  this  section  specially  invoked  by  the  appellant  is 
the  italicized  part  following  of  the  above  section  : 

Sec.  2499.  There  shall  be  levied,  collected,  and  paid  on  each  and  every  nonenu- 
merated  article  which  bears  a  similitude,  either  in  material,  texture,  or  the  use  to 
which  it  may  be  applied,  to  any  article  enumerated  in  this  title  as  chargeable  with 
duty  the  same  rate  of  duty  which  is  levied  and  charged  on  the  enumerated  article 
which  it  most  resembles  in  any  of  the  particulars  before  mentioned;  and  if  any  non- 
enumerated  article  equally  resembles  two  or  more  enumerated  articles  on  which 
different  rates  are  chargeable,  there  shall  be  levied,  collected,  and  paid  on  such  non- 
enumerated  article  the  same  rate  of  duty  as  is  chargeable  on  the  article  which  it  re- 
sembles paying  the  highest  duty;  and  on  all  articles  manufactured  from  tivo  or  more 
materials  the  duty  shall  be  assessed  at  the  highest  rates  at  which  the  component  material  of 
chief  value  may  be  chargeable.  If  two  or  more  rates  of  duty  should  be  applicable  to 
any  imported  article  it  shall  be  classified  for  duty  under  the  highest  of  such  rates: 
Provided,  That  nonenumerated  articles  similar  in  material  and  quality  and  texture, 
and  the  use  to  which  they  may  be  applied,  to  articles  on  the  free  iist,  and  in  the 
manufacture  of  which  no  dutiable  materials  are  used,  shall  be  free.  (Law  of  Cus- 
toms (Elmes),  402.) 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OP  WOOL. 


209 


This  section  lias  been  held  to  apply  to  nonenuinerated  articles  only,  and  was 
designed  to  prevent  evasions  of  the  customs  laws,  and  to  guide  the  classification 
of  certain  articles,  not  within  the  strict  letter  of  the  tariff  law,  but  within  its  real 
intent  and  meaning.  If  a  given  article,  therefore,  is  enumerated  the  section  can 
have  no  application  to  the  case.  (Arthur  v.  Fox,  108  U.  S.,  125;  Arthur  v.  Sussfeld, 
96  U.  S.,  128.)  But  "to  place  articles  among  those  designated  as  enumerated  it  is 
not  necessary  that  they  should  be  specially  meutioned.  It  is  sufficient  that  they 
are  designated  in  any  way  to  distinguish  them  from  other  articles."  (Arthur  v, 
Butterfield,  125  U.  S.,  70.) 

The  inquiry  before  us  is  whether  the  goods  under  consideration  are  "goods  of 
like  description"  with  "women's  and  children's  dress  goods,  coat  linings  (or) 
Italian  cloth,"  composed  in  part  of  wool  or  worsted,  within  the  meaning  of  T.  L, 
365. 

The  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  has  several  times  construed  the  phrase 
"  of  similar  description,"  which  has  long  appeared  in  the  tariff  laws  enacted  by 
Congress.  That  phrase  is  tantamount  in  meaning  to  "like  description,"  and  can 
mean  nothing  different.  It  has  been  held  not  to  be  a  commercial  phrase,  nor  does  it 
involve  the  idea  that  the  goods  classed  under  it  shall  be  in  all  respects  the  same. 
The  similarity  required  is  one  in  product,  in  adaptation  to  uses,  and  to  its  actual 
uses,  and  not  merely  the  process  by  which  it  was  produced.  (Schmieder  v.  Bar- 
ney, 113  U.  S.,  645;  Greenleaf  v.  Goodrich,  101  U.  S.,  278.)  "  Women's  and  chil- 
dren's dress  goods"  is  a  phrase  of  commercial  designation.  The  goods  in  ques- 
tion are  substantially  like  such  dress  goods.  They  are,  therefore,  to  be  deemed  the 
same  and  to  be  charged  accordingly.  In  other  words,  this  class  of  merchandise  "is 
provided  for  under  the  name  of  what  it  resembles."  (Fisk  v.  Arthur,  103  U.  S., 
431,434.) 

Applying  these  principles  to  the  facts  before  us,  we  are  of  opinion  that  the  goods 
in  question  were  properly  classified  by  the  appraiser  as  of  like  description  with  the 
class  of  dress  goods  enumerated  in  T.  I.,  365,  above  cited. 

The  assessment  of  duty  as  made  by  you  was  proper,  and  your  decision  is  affirmed. 
(10313— G.  A.  61.) 


New  York,  October  23,  1890. 
Children's  wearing  apparel. — Your  letter  of  the  20th  ultimo  is  received,  cov- 
ering protest  (No.  97  b)  of  Messrs.  Zimmerman  Bros.  Clothing  Company,  against  the 
exaction  of  duty,  at  45  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  on  certain  so- 
called  children's  wearing  apparel,  under  paragraph  367  of  the  act  of  March  3,  1883, 
claiming  that  it  is  dutiable,  under  paragraph  366,  at  40  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent  ad  valorem. 

It  appears  from  the  invoice  that  the  merchandise  in  this  case  is  clothing,  ready- 
made,  since  it  is  invoiced  as  "boys'  suits."  But  the  clause  of  paragraph  367  under 
which  it  is  assessed  for  duty  is  the  following:  "Cloaks,  dolmans,  jackets,  talmas, 
ulsters,  or  other  outside  garments  for  ladies'  and  children's  apparel,  and  goods  of 
similar  description,  or  used  for  like  purposes" — that  is  to  say,  "outside  garments" 
for  the  appareling  of  women  and  children.  #It  should  be  noted  that  the  articles 
enumerated  in  this  paragraph  are  all  outside  garments  and  all  designed  for  women 
and  children,  and  the  general  clause  is,  "goods  of  similar  description,  or  used  for 
like  purposes."  These  descriptions  do  not  comprehend  the  merchandise  subject  of 
appeal,  either  directly  or  by  implication ;  certainly  not  if  it  is  more  definitely  pro- 
vided for  in  any  other  paragraph  of  the  wool  schedule.  The  specific  enumeration 
of  articles  is  found  in  paragraph  367,  and  it  consists,  in  particular  and  in  general, 
of  outside  garments.  On  the  other  hand,  the  general  designation,  which  is  very 
comprehensive,  is  found  in  paragraph  366,  as  follows:  "Clothing,  ready-made,  and 
wearing  apparel  of  every  description,  not  specifically  provided  for  in  this  act." 
H.  Mis.  94  14 


210 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


The  merchandise  in  question  is  clearly  not  specifically  enumerated,  but  falls  under 
the  general  clause  of  paragraph  366. 

The  appeal  is  sustained,  and  you  will  reliquidate  the  entry  in  accordance  there- 
with.   (10351— O.  A.  7  2.) 


New  York,  October  29, 1890. 

Waterproof  garments. — We  are  in  receipt  of  your  several  communications  trans- 
mitting protests,  as  per  annexed  schedule,  against  your  action  in  assessing  duty,  at 
the  rates  provided  for  wool  wearing  apparel  and  ladies'  outside  garments  made 
wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  on  certain  so-called  "  India-rubber  fabrics/'  which  were 
claimed  by  the  importers  to  be  dutiable  at  30  per  cent  ad  valorem  under  the  provi- 
sions of  paragraph  453,  act  of  March  3,  1883. 

The  merchandise  under  consideration  consists  of  completed  garments  manufac- 
tured from  wool  and  rubber  mixed  fabrics,  which  fabrics,  had  they  been  imported  in 
the  piece  and  not  made  into  garments,  would,  in  our  opinion,  have  been  covered  by 
paragraph  453,  as  heretofore  ruled  by  us,  under  date  of  September  9,  1890,  G.  A.  19: 

The  word  fabric,  in  its  broader  sense,  would  include  manufactured  articles  of  almost 
every  description,  but  a  narrower  interpretation  must  be  placed  upon  the  word  con- 
formable with  the  intent  of  Congress  and  commercial  usage.  This  would  limit  the 
term  to  a  class  of  textile  fabrics  or  piece  goods. 

The  process  of  manufacturing  the  fabrics,  which  are  provided  for  at  one  rate,  into 
specific  articles  subject  to  duty  at  another  rate  permeates  the  whole  tariff  acl.  We 
need  merely  to  cite  the  case  of  bonnets  made  from  silk  to  exemplify  this  point.  The 
wearing  apparel  and  ladies7  outside  garments,  the  subject  of  the  protests  under  con- 
sideration, are  composed  in  part  of  wool;  they  therefore  fulfill  all  the  requirements 
of  paragraphs  366  and  367  of  the  act  of  1883,  and  inasmuch  as  there  is  no  specific 
provision  relative  to  garments  made  of  rubber  or  of  rubber  fabrics,  your  action  in 
returning  them  for  duty  under  the  paragraphs  cited  was,  in  our  opinion  correct,  and 
stands  affirmed,    f 10389— O.  A.  800 


New  York,  November  18, 1890, 
Woolen  elastic  fabrics. — The  merchandise  in  dispute  was  entered  prior  to 
October,  1890,  and  was,  therefore,  dutiable  in  conformity  with  the  act  of  March,  1883. 
It  consisted  of  an  elastic  fabric  made  from  wool,  cotton,  and  rubber,  commercially 
known  as  "  webbing,"  which  the  appellant  claims  should  have  been  returned  for 
duty  as  manufactures  of  rubber  at  25  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  T.  I.,  454,  or  as 
India-rubber  fabrics,  under  T.  I.,  453,  at  30  per  cent  ad  valoiem,  and  not  at  30  cents 
per  pound  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  which  was  the  rate  assessed. 

There  are  four  paragraphs  of  the  act  of  1883,  either  of  which,  standing  alone, 
would  control  the  classification  of  the  merchandise  upon  appeal,  viz,  those  which 
provide  for  (1)  manufactures  wholly  or  in  part  of  rubber;  (2)  India-rubber  fabrics; 
(3)  Webbing;  (4)  webbing  cchnposed  in  part  of  wool. 

These  four  paragraphs  must  be  construed  so  as  to  harmonize  all  inconsistencies, 
which  can  only  be  done  by  giving  the  most  specific  provision  precedence  of  the 
others. 

A  true  interpretation  of  the  law  affecting  the  material  would,  in  our  opinion,  be  as 
follows : 

(1)  All  manufactures  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  rubber,  except  India-rubber 
fabrics,  25  per  cent  ad  valorem ;  and  as  the  merchandise  is  a  fabric,  the  first  claim 
of  the  appellant  is  accordingly  denied. 

(2)  All  India-rubber  fabrics,  except  webbing,  30  per  cent  ad  valorem.  The  material 
being  invoiced  as  webbing,  and  as  there  is  no  dispute  relative  to  thispoint,  this  alter- 
nate claim  of  the  importer  is  also  rejected. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


211 


(3)  All  webbing  except  such  as  is  composed  in  part  of  wool,  35  per  cent  ad  valorem ; 
but  in  the  present  case  wool  forming  a  constituent  part  of  the  webbing,  T.  I.,  368, 
becomes  the  specific  provision  covering  the  same. 

This  ruling  is  in  keeping  with  a  former  decision  of  the  board,  dated  September  9, 
1890,  G.  A.  19,  and  the  assessment  of  duty  at  30  cents  per  pound  and  50  per  cent  ad 
valorem,  being  in  conformity  therewith,  is  affirmed.    (1046§— €r.  A.  118.) 


New  York,  November  21,  1890. 

Dutiable  charges— Cutting  into  lengths  of  woolen  cloths.— The  appraiser 
reports  that  all  the  nondutiable  charges  were  deducted  by  the  appellants  at  the 
time  of  the  entry,  and  were  allowed,  and  that  duty  was  assessed  only  upon  the  esti- 
mated "net  market  value  of  the  goods  per  se." 

The  goods  in  question  were  woolen  and  worsted  cloths,  and  were  imported  on 
July  30,  1890.  It  was  held  by  the  collector  that  the  cost  of  cutting  the  goods  into 
various  lengths  for  suits,  etc.,  was  a  proper  element  of  dutiable  value,  and  it  was 
added  as  such.  The  contention  of  the  appellants  on  this  point  is  stated  in  the 
seventh  ground  of  their  protest,  as  follows:  "We  claim  the  cutting  of  the  cloth  in 
pieces  of  10,  15,  and  20  yards  or  other  lengths  to  be  part  of  the  putting  up  of  the 
goods,  and  (as  such  to  be)  nondutiable." 

Under  the  provisions  of  section  2907,  U.  S.  Revised  Statutes,  it  was  required, 
among  other  things,  that  there  should  be  added  not  only  the  value  of  the  coverings 
of  imported  merchandise,  "but  all  other  actual  or  usual  charges  for  putting  up, 
preparing,  and  packing  for  transportation  or  shipment. "  This  section  was  repealed 
by  the  act  of  March  3,  1883,  which  provided  that  thereafter  none  of  the  charges  im- 
posed by  the  above  section  should  be  estimated  in  ascertaining  market  value. 
(Notes  on  Rev.  Stat.  U.  S.  (^Gould  v.  Tucker),  p.  619.)  This  clearly  abolished  as  an 
element  of  dutiable  value  charges  for.  putting  up,  preparing,  and  packing  such 
merchandise  for  transportation.  Is  this  a  charge  of  that  kind?  Were  the  goods  cut 
into  lengths  for  the  purpose  of  putting  them  up  or  preparing  them  for  shipment, 
or  was  this  additional  expense  incurred  in  order  to  render  them  more  salable  by 
adapting  the  goods  to  the  market  for  certain  uses?  If  it  was  a  finishing  process 
requiring  some  degree  of  art  or  skill  and  added  anything  to  the  market  value  of  the 
goods  prior  to  shipment,  then  it  was  an  element  of  dutiable  value.  Such,  we  think, 
it  was ;  and  prima  facie  the  market  value  of  the  goods  was  enhanced  to  the  extent 
of  the  prime  cost  o'f  the  work.  The  practice  of  the  customs  collectors  has  been  in 
accordance  with  this  view.  (Synopsis  Treasury  decisions  9964.)  We  deem  it  cor- 
rect, and  the  collector's  decision  in  this  case  is  affirmed.    (10481  O.  A. — 131.) 


New  York,  November  25,  1890. 
Wool  on  "Cape"  skins. — The  appeal  is  indefinite,  as  the  importer  simply  pro- 
tests against  the  amount  of  duty  exacted,  without  distinctly  claiming  free  entry  or 
specifying  under  what  clause  of  the  tariff  or  at  what  rate  his  merchandise  should 
be  classified.  It  is  probable,  however,  that  his  intention  was  to  claim  free  entry, 
as  the  protest  states:  "  These  skins  are  known  as  common  Cape  sheep  and  are  cov- 
ered with  short,  coarse  hair.  A  small  amount  of  wool  is  found  on  a  few  of  the  skins, 
but  is  so  short  and  so  mixed  with  hair  that  it  has  no  commercial  value  except  as 
hair." 

While  the  protest  is  in  itself  fatally  defective,  it  is  not  difficult  to  show  on  other 
grounds  why  it  is  not  tenable. 

The  invoice  under  consideration  enumerates  several  hundred  "  dry  goatskins," 
which  were  classified  as  "raw  goatskins,  free,"  and  "750  dry  sheepskins."  The 
appraiser  returned  for  duty  530  pounds  of  wool,  class  1,  upon  these  sheepskins. 


212 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


CoDfining  consideration  to  the  claim  for  free  entry,  it  may  be  said  that  an  exam- 
ination of  samples  by  competent  experts,  and  a  careful  investigation  of  the  case 
show  that  the  wool  has  a  commercial  value  of  15  cents  a  pound,  and  that  it  can  be 
used  in  the  manufacture  of  carpets  and  blankets. 

In  Synopsis  7147  the  Department  decided  that  the  skins  of  common  Cape  goats 
with  the  hair  on  should  be  admitted  free  of  duty  under  T.  I.,  709,  "  goatskins,  raw." 
But  the  skins  in  question  are  not  those  of  the  common  Cape  goat,  indeed  they  are 
from  a  very  uncommon  goat,  if,  as  is  claimed,  the  animal  is  a  cross  between  a  sheep 
and  a  goat. 

The  invoice  enumerates  the  articles  as  sheepskins,  the  appellant  declares  that 
they  are  skins  of  the  common  Cape  sheep,  and  the  wool  on  the  skins  proves  that  they 
are  from  the  back  of  sheep  whether  run  down  or  bastard. 

There  is  no  provision  in  the  tariff  for  the  free  entry  of  such  merchandise,  and  the 
decision  of  the  collector  must,  therefore,  stand.    (10492 — O.  A.  142.) 


New  York,  November  25,  1890. 
Wool  noils. — Duty  was  assessed  at  30  cents  per  pound  for  wool,  class  1,  scoured, 
value  in  the  grease  under  30  cents  per  pound,  paragraphs  356  and  357  of  the  act  of 
1883. 

Appellants  claim  that  the  goods  in  question  are  noils  made  from  carpet  wool,  and 
should  be  rated  at  5  cents  per  pound  as  wool  of  the  third  class  costing  over  12  cents 
a  pound. 

The  appraiser  reports  that  "the  merchandise  in  question  consists  of  carded  wool 
noils  made  from  improved  Turkish  wool  of  Merino  blood,  and  is  in  a  scoured  con- 
dition." In  this  statement  he  is  sustained  by  a  number  of  reputable  wool  experts  of 
Philadelphia,  and  by  the  New  York  appraising  officers. 

It  is  proper  to  say  that  the  question  has  been  one  of  great  difficulty  to  the  board. 
The  wool  in  its  present  condition  has  lost  all  of  its  distinctive  features,  and  it  is 
doubtful  whether  it  can  be  absolutely  identified  as  coming  from  any  particular  class. 
In  such  a  case,  were  the  evidence  evenly  balanced,  we  should  give  the  importer  the 
benefit  of  the  doubt;  but  in  this  instance  the  preponderance  of  the  testimony  taken 
before  us  here  is  to  the  effect  that  the  noils  are  from  a  low-grade  first-class  wool,  and 
we  therefore  affirm  the  decision  of  the  collector.    (10495 — Cr.  A.  145.) 


New  York,  December  2,  1890. 

Tennis  balls. — The  assessment  of  duty,  at  the  rate  of  25  per  cent  ad  valorem, 
upon  the  so-called  "gut,"  which  consists  of  racquet  gut  strings,  according  with  a 
previous  decision  of  this  board,  dated  November  3,  1890  (G.  A.  88),  is  affirmed. 

In  relation  to  the  assessment  of  duty  upon  the  tennis  balls  at  35  cents  per  pound 
and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  provisions  of  paragraph  362,  act  of  March  3, 
1883,  instead  of  25  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  454,  as  claimed,  we  are  of 
the  opinion  that  the  claim  of  the  importers  should  not  be  sustained,  for  the  follow- 
ing reasons:  The  merchandise  consists  of  rubber  balls  inflated  with  air  or  gas  and 
hermetically  sealed,  which  balls  are  subsequently  covered  with  a  woolen  fabric.  It 
appears  from  the  evidence  that  the  rubber  forms  the  chief  component  material  of 
value,  but  this  fact  is  not  deemed  material,  inasmuch  as  the  provisions  of  paragraph 
362  are  esteemed  equally  as  specific  as  those  of  paragraph  454.  The  one  provides  for 
manufactures  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  and  the  other  for  articles  com- 
posed of  India  rubber.  Both  conditions  are  fulfilled  in  the  present  instance.  The 
tennis  balls  are  made  partly  of  wool  and  chiefly  of  India  rubber.  The  two  rates  are 
applicable  therefor,  and  in  conformity  with  section  2499  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of 
the  United  States,  which  requires  that  duty  must  be  assessed  at  the  higher  rate,  we 
affirm  the  decision  of  the  collector,    (10511.— <*•  A»  I61«) 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  213 


New  York,  December  11,  1890. 
Hat  crowns  and  bead  ornaments. — The  subject  of  controversy  in  this  case  is 
the  proper  classification  of  certain  hat  crowns  and  certain  ornaments  composed  of 
heads. 

Accepting  as  true  the  statement  of  facts  made  by  the  appraiser,  the  hat  crowns  are 
simply  flat  pieces  of  wool  and  silk,  designed  probably  for  use  in  the  making  of  hats, 
but  not  even  shaped.  Of  the  bead  ornaments  a  sample  accompanies  the  papers.  It 
is  a  leaf-shaped  article  3  inches  long  by  1-J  inches  wide  at  the  base,  tapering 
to  a  point  at  the  apex,  the  edges  being  irregular.  The  foundation  of  it  is  coarse 
cotton,  which  is  entirely  covered  with  small  gold-colored  glass  beads,  interspersed 
with  a  dozen  larger  glass  beads  of  a  pale  blue  color. 

The  appraiser  returned  the  hat  crowns  for  duty  as  wool  trimmings  at  30  cents  per 
pound  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  368  of  the  act  of  March  3,  1883, 
and  the  collector  so  classified  them,  but  in  his  special  report  he  admits  his  error,  and 
places  them  under  paragraph  362  of  said  act,  as  a  manufacture  wholly  or  in  part  of 
wool,  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for,  at  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per 
cent  ad  valorem.  The  bead  ornaments  were  returned  for  duty  by  the  appraiser  at 
50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  396  of  said  act,  and  so  classified  by  the 
collector. 

He  admits  that  his  return  of  commission  for  duty  was  erroneous.  Appellants 
protest  against  the  classification  of  both  classes  of  articles,  claiming  that  the  hat 
crowns  are  hats,  dutiable  at  30  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  400  of  said 
act,  and  that  the  beads  are  dutiable  as  a  manufacture  of  glass  and  cotton,  glass 
chief  value,  at  45  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  143  of  said  act. 

It  is  submitted  as  an  incontrovertible  proposition  that  flat  pieces  of  wool  and  silk 
are  not  hats,  and  hence  that  the  contention  of  appellants  as  to  this  point  is  ground- 
less. It  is  equally  plain  that  they  are  not  dress  trimmings,  or  wool  trimmings, 
within  the  meaning  of  paragraph  368  of  the  wool  schedule;  aud  that  they  are  not 
specially  provided  for  in  that  paragraph  or  in  any  other  paragraph  of  the  act  of 
March  3,  1883.  This  bein  <?  so,  they  fall  under  the  general  clause  of  paragraph  362, 
and  should  be  classified  for  duty  thereunder  at  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent 
ad  valorem. 

The  beads,  it  seems  to  us,  fulfill  every  condition  of  the  clause — "bead  orna- 
ments"— in  paragraph  396.  It  is  not  easy  to  perceive  the  reason  of  appellants'  con- 
tention that  as  between  two  provisions  of  a  statute  the  more  specific  should  give 
way  to  the  more  general.  The  coutrary  is  the  true  rule  of  construction,  and  it  must 
be  followed  in  this  case.  Were  it  held  that  the  beads  or  bead  ornaments  are  not 
specifically  provided  for  they  would  still  be  dutiable  at  50  per  cent  ad  valorem 
under  the  principle  of  the  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  in 
Benziger  v.  Robertson,  vol.  122,  U.  S.  R.,  p.  211. 

Commissions  are  not  dutiable  unless  they  contribute  to  make  market  value. 
According  to  the  report  of  the  appraiser  they  do  not  so  contribute  in  this  case,  and 
appellants'  protest  in  that  regard  is  therefore  sustained.    (10e>41— C  A.  191.) 


New  York,  December  15,  1890. 

Silk  and  wool  knit  goods. — The  merchandise  in  question  consists  of  knit  under- 
wear composed  of  wool  and  silk,  and  wool,  cotton,  and  silk,  upon  which  duty  was 
assessed  at  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  363  of 
the  act  of  1883.  Against  this  rate  of  duty  the  importers  protest,  claiming  that  silk 
formed  the  component  material  of  chief  value  in  the  garments,  and  that  consequently 
they  should  have  been  classified  as  manufactures  made  of  silk,  or  of  which  silk  is 
the  component  material  of  chii  f  value,  and  duty  assessed  upon  them  at  50  per  cent 
ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  383. 

The  goods  are  itemized  in  the  invoice  as  "  ladies'  wool  vests."   From  the  evidence 


214 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


submitted  in  the  case  it  appears  they  are  known  commercially  as  "  knit  goods."  It 
would,  therefore,  seem  to  us  immaterial  whether  silk  was  or  was  not  the  component 
material  of  chief  value. 

Paragrai>h  362  provides  for  "all  manufactures  of  wool  of  every  description  made 
wholly  or  in  part  of  wool  *  *  *  valued  at  above  eighty  cents  per  pound,  thirty- 
five  cents  per  pound  and  in  addition  thereto  forty  per  centum  ad  valorem." 

Paragraph  363  reads:  "Flannels,  blankets,  hats  of  wool  knit  goods,  and  all  goods 
made  on  knitting-frames  *  *  *  valued  at  above  eighty  cents  per  pound,  thirty- 
five  cents  per  pound  and  in  addition  thereto  forty  per  centum  ad  valorem." 

So  far  as  the  component  parts,  silk  and  wool,  are  concerned,  the  term  "of  which 
silk  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value"  is  no  more  specific  than  "composed 
in  part  of  wool,"  and  the  rates  applicable  to  the  two  materials  would  be  equally 
operative,  but  the  words  "knit  goods"  are  more  descriptive  of  the  knit  underwear 
in  question  than  either  of  the  former  terms  and  controls  the  classification. 

The  merchandise  upon  appeal  being  valued  at  over  80  cents  per  pound,  the  assess- 
ment of  duty  upon  the  same  at  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  was, 
in  our  opinion,  correct,  and  is  affirmed.    (10552* — O.  A.  202*) 


New  York,  December  16, 1890. 

Wool  knit  caps. — The  importers  claim  that  the  goods  in  dispute  are  "Scotch 
bonnets,  caps,  or  hoods,"  dutiable  at  30  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  provisions  of 
paragraph  400  of  the  act  of  March  3,  1883,  or,  if  they  are  not  bonnets  or  hoods,  they 
are  properly  dutiable  as  such  under  the  similitude  clause  of  section  2499  of  the 
lievised  Statutes  of  the  United  States. 

As  heretofore  ruled  by  this  Board,  the  law  of  assimilation  can  not  be  applied  to 
goods  enumerated  or  provided  for  in  the  act  either  denominatively  or  as  a  material, 
and  we  shall  not  give  consideration  to  this  portion  of  the  appellants'  claim,  but  con- 
fine ourselves  to  the  question :  Does  the  merchandise  upon  appeal  consist  of  bonnets, 
hats,  or  hoods  within  the  meaning  of  the  law? 

The  articles  are  described  in  the  in  voice  as  "Tarn  O'Shanters,"  "Brights,"  "  Wind- 
sors," "Belmonts,"  etc.  The  testimony  of  the  appraising  officer  relative  to  them  is 
to  the  effect  that  they  are  not  commercially  known  as  bonnets  or  hoods,  but  as  caps ; 
also  that  they  are  knitted  goods,  manufactured  from  worsted. 

It  is  true  that  caps,  like  bonnets  and  hoods,  are  head  coverings,  but  this  is  not 
sufficient  to  make  them  dutiable  at  the  same  rate*  as  long  as  they  are  known  com- 
mercially as  separate  articles.  So  well  established  is  this  point  that  further  argu- 
ment relative  thereto  is  not  deemed  necessary  by  us. 

It  is  contended,  however,  that  paragraph  400,  which  specified  '  bonnets,  hats,  and 
hoods,"  intended  to  include  all  manner  of  head-wear.  In  the  absence  of  any  anibi-. 
guity  in  the  language  of  this  paragraph  the  intent  of  the  framers  thereof  can  not  be 
considered.  In  our  opinion,  there  is  no  ambiguity  in  paragraph  400.  Bonnets,  hats, 
hoods,  and  caps  are  separate  and  distinct  articles  of  trade  and  commerce  in  the 
United  States,  and,  caps  not  having  been  provided  for  by  name  either  in  paragraph 
400  or  elsewhere  in  the  act,  the  claim  of  the  appellants  is  rejected. 

The  assessment  of  duty  upon  them  in  accordance  with  their  weight  and  value, 
under  the  provision  in  T.  L,  363,  for  wool  knit  goods,  is  therefore  affirmed.  (10562* 
— G.  A.  212.) 


New  York.  December  17,  1890. 
Felt  hats  varnished. — It  appears  from  the  evidence  submitted,  that  the  mer- 
chandise in  dispute  consists  of  felted  wool  hats  varnished,  valued  at  over  80  cents 
per  pound,  which  were  returned  for  duty  at  the  rate  of  35  cents  per  pound  and  40 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


215 


per  cent  ad  valorem,  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  paragraph  363  of  the  act 
of  1883. 

The  importers,  in  their  notice  of  dissatisfaction,  claim  that,  inasmuch  as  hats  are 
specially  enumerated  and  provided  for  in  paragraph  400,  duty  should  have  been 
assessed  upon  them  at  30  per  cent  ad  valorem,  in  conformity  with  the  provisions 
thereof. 

It  is  true,  as  alleged  by  the  appellants,  that  'hats"  are  specially  provided  for  in 
paragraph  400,  hut  we  find  that  "hats  of  wool"  are  also  provided  for  eo  nomine  in. 
paragraph  363.  Hats,  bonnets,  and  hoods  represent  a  certain  class  of  merchandise, 
while  the  term  "hats  of  wool"  describes  a  particular  variety  of  that  class,  and  is 
consequently  the  more  specific  enumeration  of  the  two.  This  opinion  is  in  keeping 
with  the  long  established  ruling  of  the  Treasury  Department,  the  correctness  of 
which  we  presume  is  not  questioned  in  the  present  case.  The  real  contention  on  the 
part  of  the  appellants  is,  that  the  hats  in  dispute  being  varnished  have  lost  their 
commercial  identity  as  "hats  of  wool,"  and  are,  for  all  intents  and  purposes,  sub- 
ject to  no  special  provision  other  than  that  contained  in  paragraph  400,  and  we  are 
of  the  opinion  that  this  claim  of  the  importers  is  not  tenable.  It  is  not  an  imperative 
rule  that  hats  of  wool  shall  be  so  commercially  known  ;  they  may  be  designated  by 
the  ordinary  trade  name  "Derby"  and  still  be  more  specifically  enumerated  as  hats 
of  wool  than  other  hats.  The  varnished  ones  upon  appeal  have  had  their  identity 
impaired  by  the  varnishing  process,  but  in  substance  they  remain  unchanged,  and 
are  still  "hats  of  wool;"  they  are  certainly  not  hats  of  varnish. 

For  the  reasons  stated,  the  assessment  of  duty  upon  them  at  35  cents  per  pound 
and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  was,  in  our  opinion,  correct,  and  is  affirmed.  ( 1 0565* — 
O.  A.  215.) 


New  York,  December  20, 1890. 
Dress  goods,  silk- warp  Henriettas. — The  appraiser  returns  the  goods  as  "silk- 
warp  Henrietta,"  composed  of  wool  or  worsted  in  part,  and  silk  in  part,  in  the  lower 
grades  of  which  silk  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value,  and  in  the  higher 
grades  the  wool  is  of  chief  value.  They  are  invoiced  as  "  dress  goods,  silk  warps, 
and  Henriettas,"  and  are  stated  to  consist  of  women's  and  children's  dress  goods 
composed  of  silk  in  the  warp  and  worsted  in  the  weft.  The  goods  were  classified 
by  the  collector  under  paragraph  365  of  the  tariff  law  of  1883,  and  assessed  accord- 
ingly. 

The  only  contention  presented  by  the  importer  in  his  protest  is  that  silk  is  the 
component  material  of  chief  value,  and  that  the  merchandise  should  be  assessed  at 
50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  383,  which  levies  that  rate  of  duty  on  "all 
goods,  wares,  and  merchandise,  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for  in  this  act, 
made  of  silk,  or  of  which  silk  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value." 

Admitting  the  truth  of  the  fact  claimed  as  to  the  relative  value  of  the  silk  material 
in  these  dress  goods,  they  can  not  properly  be  classified  under  T.  I.,  383,  because 
they  are  specially  provided  for  by  the  more  particular  designation  of  "women's  and 
children's  dress  goods  *  *  *  composed  in  part  of  wool,  worsted,"  etc.,  under  T. 
I.,  365.  This  fact  takes  the  goods  out  of  the  operation  of  the  other  paragraph 
describing  them  only  by  the  chief  value  of  the  component  material  of  silk.  This  view 
was  taken  by  the  Treasury  Department  as  far  back  as  October,  1883,  as  will  appear 
by  Synopsis  of  Treasury  Decisions  No.  5953,  and  the  uniform  customs  practice  has 
been  in  accordance  with  that  ruling. 

The  collector's  decision  must  be  affirmed.    (]  05*71* — O*  A.  221.) 


New  York,  December  20,  1890. 
Wool  knit  goods,  silk  chief  value. — The  goods  are  stated  to  be  composed  of 
silk  and  wool,  and  are  commercially  known  as  "  ladies'  vests,  knit  goods."    They  were 


216 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


classified  as  worsted  "knit  goods "  under  paragraph  363  of  the  tariff  act  of  1883, 
Schedule  K,  relating  to  "  wool  and  woolens."  That  paragraph  enumerates  "flannels, 
blankets,  hats  of  wool,  Jcnit  goods,  and  all  goods  made  on  knitting  frames,  balmorals, 
woolen  and  worsted  yarns,  and  all  manufactures  of  every  description,  composed 
wholly  or  in  part  of  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  or  other  animals  (except 
such  as  are  composed  in  part  of  wool),  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for  in 
this  act/7  meaning  the  act  of  March  3,  1883. 

"Knit  goods"  by  that  designation  are  also  excepted  from  the  provision  made  for 
"  wearing  apparel  of  every  description  n  by  paragraph  366. 

The  contention  of  the  importers  is  that  silk  enters  into  these  goods  as  the  com- 
ponent material  of  chief  value,  and  for  this  reason  they  should  be  classified  under 
paragraph  383  of  said  act. 

Commercial  designation  is  the  first  and  most  important  inquiry,  and  when  this 
fails  resort  must  next  be  had  to  common  designation.  (Robertson  v.  Solomon,  130 
U.  S.,  412.) 

The  phrase  "knit  goods,"  whether  one  of  commercial  or  common  designation,  is 
more  minute  in  description  than  a  description  of  the  material  from  which  an. article 
is  manufactured,  or  of  the  component  material  of  chief  value.  Although,  therefore, 
the  goods  are  made  in  part  of  silk,  and  silk  be  conceded  to  be  the  component  material 
of  chief  value,  they  do  not  come  within  the  scope  of  paragraph  383,  because  they  are 
provided  for  otherwise  in  paragraph  363  under  the  more  specific  description  "  knit 
goods  "  composed  in  part  of  worsted. 

The  decision  of  the  collector  is  affirmed.    (105 7 2. — O.  A,  222.) 


New  York,  January  14,  1891. 

Wool,  silk,  and  cotton  upholstery  goods.— We  find  the  merchandise  in 
question  to  be,  as  returned  by  the  appraiser,  a  manufacture  of  wool,  silk,  and  cotton, 
commercially  known  as  "upholstery  goods, n  in  which  wool  is  the  component  of  chief 
value,  costing  over  80  cents  per  pound. 

The  goods  were  assessed  under  paragraph  362  of  the  tariff  law  of  1883  at  35  cents 
per  pound,  and  in  addition  thereto  40  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

The  sole  contention  in  the  protests  is  that  the  merchandise  should  have  been 
assessed,  under  paragraph  383,  at  50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  because  it  is  not  specially 
provided  for  in  said  law,  and  that  silk  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value  enter- 
ing into  the  manufacture. 

The  collector's  decision  must  stand  as  presumptively  correct  unless  this  contention 
is  sustained.  No  evidence  is  produced  or  offered  before  the  board,  after  fair  oppor- 
tunity given,  to  sustain  the  assertion  made  in  the  protests,  and  it  is  unsustained  by 
any  fact  in  the  record. 

The  decision  of  the  collector  is  accordingly  affirmed  in  each  of  said  cases.  ( 10664 — 
G.  A.  248.) 


New  York,  January  14,  1891. 
Shoes  of  wool  and  leather. — The  merchandise  in  question  consists  of  ladies' 
kid  shoes  with  woolen  cloth  quarters.  It  is  in  evidence  that  the  leather  in  them 
forms  the  component  material  of  chief  value.  Inasmuch,  however,  as  wool  enters 
iuto  the  composition  of  the  articles,  they  were  returned  for  duty  as  part  wool  wear- 
ing apparel  at  49^  cents  per  pound  and  60  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  provisions 
of  paragraph  396. 

The  collector,  in  his  letter  of  transmittal,  states  that  upon  a  review  of  the  subject, 
and  an  examination  of  the  samples,  he  is  convinced  that  the  merchandise  should 
have  been  rated  for  duty  at  25  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  456. 

The  term  "shoes  made  of  leather"  implies  shoes  manufactured  chiefly  of  leather 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OP  WOOL. 


217 


This  condition  is  fulfilled  in  the  present  case,  as  the  quantity  of  wool  is  insignifi- 
cant in  comparison  with  the  leather.  Having  established  the  fact  that  the  articles 
are  shoes  made  of  leather,  it  is  not  deemed  necessary  to  consider  whether  they  are 
wearing  apparel  or  not.  The  claim  of  the  appellants,  therefore,  that  duty  should 
have  been  assessed  upon  the  merchandise  at  25  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph 
456,  is  sustained.    (10665— G  A.  249.) 


New  York,  January  21,  1891. 

Table-covers  composed  in  part  of  metal. — The  merchandise  comprises  table- 
covers  composed  of  cotton  and  metal;  jute,  cotton,  and  metal ;  and  cotton,  wool,  and 
metal,  in  all  of  which  cotton  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value,  and  metal  an 
appreciable  part  and  distinct  feature.  With  respect  to  that  portion  of  the  goods, 
the  classification  of  which  is  dependent  upon  that  point,  the  importers  admit  that 
metal  constitutes  from  8  to  10  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  whole,  and  the  articles 
are  invoiced  as  "  cotton  and  metal  table-covers." 

The  importers  claim  that  the  appraisers  erred  in  returning  the  merchandise  cov- 
ered by  quality  numbers  420  and  421  as  part  wool,  but  this  allegation  was  negatived 
as  to  quality  420  by  a  statement  of  the  shipper  thereof  that  wool  entered  into  their 
composition  to  an  appreciable  extent. 

With  regard  to  quality  421,  concerning  which  the  importers  claim  that  it  is  duti- 
able as  a  manufacture  of  cotton  at  35  per  cent  or  40  per  cent  aH  valorem,  we  find, 
from  the  evidence,  that  metal  formed  an  appreciable  portion  of  the  value  of  the 
same.  This  fact  is  fatal  to  the  contention  of  the  importers,  and  leaves  the  rate 
of  duty  assessed  uJ)on  the  goods  final  and  conclusive  against  them.  Duty  was 
assessed  upon  the  metal  and  cotton  covers  at  45  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  pro- 
visions of  paragraph  216,  and  upon  the  wool,  cotton,  and  metal  covers,  valued  at  not 
over  80  cents  per  pound,  at  35  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent,  under  paragraph  362. 

The  exaction  of  the  specified  rates  was,  in  our  opinion,  correct,  for  the  reason  that 
the  several  terms  "  manufactures  of  cotton, "  "made  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,"  and 
"made  wholly  or  in  part  of  metal,"  are  equally  specific,  and,  according  to  the  pro- 
visions of  section  2499,  Revised  Statutes,  the  highest  rate  applicable  to  either  of  the 
materials  mentioned  must  be  imposed  upon  articles  manufactured  from  two  or  more 
of  them  in  combination. 

The  decision  of  the  collector  is  accordingly  affirmed.    (10672 — O.  A.  256.) 


New  York,  January  23,  1891. 

Cotton,  wool  and  silk  shirtings. — We  find  the  facts  in  this  case  to  be  as  reported 
by  the  surveyor.  The  merchandise  consists  of  cotton,  wool,  and  silk  shirtings. 
They  were  classified  under  paragraph  395  of  the  act  of  October  1,  1890,  at  12  cents 
per  square  yard  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem.  Appellants  claim  that  they  are  enti- 
tled to  entry  under  paragraph  394  of  said  act,  on  the  ground  that  the  warp  thereof 
is  composed  wholly  of  vegetable  material,  whereas  it  is  composed  of  cotton  and  silk, 
and  silk  is  not  a  vegetable  material. 

The  decision  of  the  surveyor  is  sustained.    (10682 — O.  A.  266.) 


New.  York,  January  27,  1891. 
Traveling  rugs. — The  articles  subject  of  protest  in  this  case  are  invoiced  as 
""rugs."  But  the  appraiser  reports  that  they  are  square  robes,  used  for  protection 
against  cold,  and  that  they  are  commercially  known  as  "  lap  robes."  The  samples 
submitted  support  this  statement;  one  is  a  plush  about  3J  feet  wide  by  5|  feet  long, 
with  plain  edges  ;  the  other  a  checked  cloth,  about  4  feet  wide  by  6  feet  long,  with 


218 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


plain  edges  on  the  sides  and  fringed  ends.  They  were  returned  by  the  appraiser  as 
"wool  shawls,"  and  so  classified  for  duty  by  the  collector  as  manufactures  of  wool, 
under  paragraphs  362  and  363  of  the  act  of  March  3,  1883,  respectively,  at  35  cents 
per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  and  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad 
valorem.  Appellants  claim  that  they  are  traveling  or  carriage  rugs,  and,  indirectly, 
that  they  are  dutiable  at  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  under  paragraph  378  of  said  act. 
No  doubt  they  are  used  by  travelers  both  in  carriages  and  railway  coaches  for  the  pro- 
tection of  the  person,  and  they  are  perhaps  commercially  and  commonly  known  in 
England  and  on  the  continent  of  Europe  as  "rugs."  But  in  this  country  they  are 
commercially  and  commonly  known  as  "  lap  robes."  The  rug  known  to  the  tariff 
seems  to  be  an  article  for  the  floor,  in  the  nature  of  a  carpet.  It  is  provided  for  in 
the  act  of  1883,  not  in  the  wearing  apparel  or  the  cloth  paragraphs,  but  in  one  of  the 
carpet  paragraphs,  378,  namely,  "  and  mats,  rugs,  screens,"  etc. ;  and  the  same  asso- 
ciation is  maintained  in  the  present  law,  paragraph  408,  "mats,  rugs,  screens,  covers, 
hassocks," etc.,  "shall  be  subjected  to  the  rate  of  duty  herein  imposed  on  carpets," 
etc. 

The  articles  subject  of  appeal  are  not  known  as  rugs  to  the  trade  and  commerce  of 
this  country,  nor  do  they  appear  to  have  been  known  to  the  legislative  mind  in  the 
enactment  of  the  law  of  1883.  They  are  therefore  not  specially  provided  for,  but  fall 
under  paragraph  362  of  said  act,  where  they  are  placed  for  classification. 

The  decision  of  the  collector  is  affirmed.    (10722 — £r.  A.  275.) 


New  York,  January  28, 1891, 
Wool  flannels. — The  merchandise  in  this  case  consists  of  flannel  shirtings.  It 
was  so  invoiced,  and  was  entered  as  flannels.  The  appraiser's  special  report  states 
that  it  was  returned  for  duty  as  "woolen  cloths,"  whereas  it  should  have  been 
returned  as  wool  flannel.  It  was  assessed  for  duty  as  "  wool  flannel  costing  over  80 
cents  per  pound,"  at  35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph 
363  of  the  act  of  March  3, 1883.  Appellants  protest  against  this  classification  on  the 
ground  that  silk  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value  thereof,  and  hence  that 
it  is  entitled  to  entry  at  50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  383  of  said  act. 

The  merchandise  is  represented  by  samples.  An  expert  witness  describes  it  as 
follows :  "  It  is  a  manufacture  composed  of  wool,  silk,  and  cotton,  of  which  wool  is 
the  component  material  of  chief  value.  It  is  commercially  known  and  dealt  in  as 
i  flannel/  The  chain  is  composed  principally  of  cotton  with  a  few  threads  of  colored 
silk  to  form  fancy  stripes,  and  the  filling  is  wholly  of  fine  wool." 

This  testimony  effectually  disposes  of  the  contention  of  appellants.  By  reason 
both  of  its  commercial  designation  and  its  component  materials  it  falls  under  para- 
graph 363. 

The  decision  of  the  collector  is  affirmed.    (10726— O.  A.  279.) 


New  York,  January  28,  1891. 
Common  goat  hair. — The  merchandise  in  question  is  invoiced  as  goat  hair,  and 
the  evidence  shows  that  it  is  the  hair  of  the  common  goat,  and  is  unfit  for  combing 
purposes. 

The  article  was  classified  by  the  collector  as  goat  hair  under  paragraph  377, 
Schedule  K,  of  the  new  tariff  act  of  October  1,  1890,  and  was  assessed  at  12  cents  per 
pound  under  paragraph  384. 

The  importers  contend  that  the  article  is  free  under  the  provisions  of  paragraph 
604  of  the  free  list,  which  reads  as  follows :  "  Hair  of  horse,  cattle,  and  other  animals^ 
cleaned  or  uncleaned,  drawn  or  undrawn,  but  unmanufactured,  not  specially  provided 
for  in  this  act    *  * 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


219 


The  whole  question  is,  whether  goat  hair,  as  'such,  is  specially  provided  for  in 
paragraph  377,  above  cited. 

This  paragraph  embraces  "  class  2,"  and  the  enumeration  is  as  follows: 

Leicester,  Cotswold,  Lincolnshire,  down  combing  wools,  Canada  long  wools,  or 
other  like  combing  wools  of  English  blood,  and  usually  known  by  the  terms  herein 
used,  and  also  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  and  other  like  animals. 

Paragraph  384  levies  12  cents  per  pound  upon  " all  wools  or  hair  of  the  second 
class,"  which  includes  those  above  enumerated. 

Our  duty  is  to  interpret  this  law  as  it  stands.  If  the  language  plainly  admits  of 
but  one  meaning,  we  have  no  right  to  adopt  any  other  on  the  ground  that  it  works 
a  hardship  on  importers  or  manufacturers,  or  is  otherwise  prejudicial  to  the  public 
good.  Congress  must  be  presumed  to  intend  what  the  language  of  the  law  imports, 
and  if  the  meaning  of  that  language  is  plain  and  obvious,  then  there  is  no  room  for 
construction. 

The  law  (in  paragraph  384)  unquestionably  enumerates  the  hair  of  "the  goat" 
by  name.  The  effort  is  to  qualify  this  by  a  proviso  that  such  hair  must  be  fit  for 
combing  purposes.  This  construction  is  based  on  the  idea  that  the  hair  of  the 
camel  and  alpaca  is  fit  for  such  purposes.  It  is  shown  that  goat  hair  is  not  of 
this  class,  but,  nevertheless,  it  is  taxed  by  that  distinctive  and  specific  name.  To 
qualify  the  phrase  by  the  limitation  contended  for  would  be  to  alter  the  law  by  mak- 
ing it  speak  an  intention  which  does  not  appear  on  its  face.  Moreover,  the  wools 
described  in  the  preceding  sentence,  in  the  same  paragraph,  are  referred  to  as 
li  combing  wools."  Then  follows,  after  the  copulative  conjunction  "also,"  the  enu- 
meration of  "  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  and  other  like  animals."  Upon  every 
sound  rule  of  statutory  construction  the  word  "  combing"  can  have  no  application 
to  goat  hair. 

It  is  further  said  that  the  tariff  acts  of  March  2,  1867,  and  of  March  3,  1883,  con- 
tained substantially  the  same  language  on  this  subject  as  the  present  law,  and  that 
those  laws  were  construed  to  admit  common  goat  hair  free  because  it  was  not  fit  for 
combing.  It  is  noticeable,  however,  that  both  of  those  acts  were  rendered  ambigu- 
ous on  this  subject  by  prefacing  paragraph  528  in  the  first  law,  and  paragraph  354 
in  the  second,  by  the  words,  "  class  tico,  combing  wools."  Those  words  do  not  appear 
in  the  present  law,  having  been  stricken  out.  This  amendment  removes  the  main 
ground  upon  which  the  earlier  Treasury  decisions  were  based,  and  is  therefore  sig- 
nificant of  a  legislative  purpose  to  remove  the  ambiguity  which  gave  rise  to  the  rul- 
ing made  in  such  decisions.  The  Treasury  rulings  on  the  subject,  moreover,  were 
conflicting,  as  will  be  seen  from  Treasury  decisions  7544  and  7614,  made  in  the  year 
1886,  when  goat  hair  was  expressly  held  to  be  dutiable  as  such,  because  it  was  spe- 
cially enumerated.  With  this  conflict  in  the  rulings  of  the  Department,  we  feel 
impelled  to  interpret  the  law  to  mean  what  it  plainly  says,  that  goat  hair  is  dutia- 
ble at  12  cents  per  pound,  although  it  is  not  fit  for  combing  purposes. 

We  are  referred  to  an  opinion  of  Attorney-General  Garland  on  this  subject,  dated 
January  15,  1887,  construing  paragraph  354  of  the  act  of  March  3,  1883,  relating  to 
what  was  there  designated  as  "  class  2,  combing  wools."  It  was  assumed  errone- 
ously in  that  opinion  that  the  phrase  "  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  and  other  like  ani- 
mals," meant  the  hair  of  the  "alpaca  goat  and  other  like  animals."  There  is  no  such 
animal  recognized  by  zoologists  in  the  animal  kingdom  as  an  "alpaca  goat."  The 
alpaca  is  a  well  known  wool-bearing  animal  of  the  camel  genus,  otherwise  called 
llama,  being  "  a  native  of  the  lofty  table  lands  and  mountain  ranges  of  the  Andes  in 
Peru  and  Chile."  (Encyc.  Brit.,  vol.  1,  p.  597.)  The  Attorney-General's  opinion 
was  based  on  two  ideas:  (1)  That  class 2  embraced  only  " combing  wools;  "  and  (2) 
that  the  word  goat  was  "  qualified  and  limited  by  the  specific  word  alpaca." 

The  new  law  has  been  amended  so  as  to  no  longer  leave  any  pretext  for  such  an 
interpretation.  The  designation  of  class  2  as  "combing  wools "  has  been  entirely 
erased,  and  the  last  clause  of  the  paragraph  now  reads,  "  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  and 


220 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


other  like  animals."  The  word  ".camel"  is  thus  inserted,  and  the  word  "goat"  is 
transposed  so  as  to  precede  "alpaca."  The  manifest  purpose  of  these  changes  in 
phraseology  was  to  remove  all  supposed  ambiguity  on  the  subject. 

The  argument  that  this  construction  will  operate  as  an  absolute  prohibition 
against  all  future  importations  of  the  article  is  one  addressed  rather  to  Congress 
than  to  the  courts. 

The  decision  of  the  collector  must  be  affirmed.    (±0727 — Gr.  A.  280.) 


New  York,  January  28,  1891. 
Wool  ring  waste. — The  merchandise  in  question  is  imported  and  known  as  "ring 
waste,"  or  "white  ring  waste."    It  is  wool  of  a  comparatively  superior  quality,  and 
was  assessed  at  a  duty  of  30  cents  per  pound.    The  importation  was  made  in  April 
and'May,  1890. 

The  importers  contend  that  at  the  time  the  tariff  act  of  March  3,  1883,  was  passed 
this  ring  waste  was  commercially  known  as  woolen  ivaste,  and  as  such  it  was  dutia- 
ble only  at  10  cents  per  pound,  under  paragraph  361  of  said  act  (section  2502,  U.  S. 
Rev.  Stat.,  Schedule  K.),  which  reads  as  follows:  "Woolen  rags,  shoddy,  mungo, 
waste,  and  flocks,  10  cents  per  pound." 

It  is  enough  to  say  that  we  are  satisfied  that  the  merchandise  under  consideration 
is  known  commercially  as  "  woolen  waste,"  and  was  so  known  to  importers  andman- 
ufacturers  at  the  time  the  act  of  March  3,  1883,  was  passed. 

This  merchandise  is  shown  to  be  identical  in  kind  and  quality  with  that  involved 
in  the  case  of  Muhlhauser  v.  Gary,  collector,  recently  tried  in  the  U.  S.  circuit 
court  foi  the  northern  district  of  Ohio — in  fact,  a  portion  of  the  same  purchase 
and  importation.  The  full  record  of  that  trial  is  before  us.  The  court  charged  the 
jury  if  they  were  satisfied  from  the  evidence  that  the  merchandise  was  known  to  the 
commercial  world  as  "woolen  waste,"  it  was  dutiable  under  paragraph  361,  as  con- 
tended by  the  plaintiffs,  and  their  verdict  was  for  the  plaintiffs  in  that  issue.  That 
charge  was  manifestly  correct,  and  under  it,  as  applied  to  this  case,  the  appellants 
are  entitled  to  a  decision  in  their  favor. 

The  Treasury  practice  had  uniformly  classified  "  ring  waste,"  like  that  in  question, 
as  woolen  waste,  under  T.  I.,  361,  under  the  decision  made  on  February  18,  1890 
(synopsis  9871),  when  that  practice  was  changed.  It  is  a  strong  point  favorable  to 
the  equity  of  the  importers'  claim  in  this  case  that  they  purchased  this  merchandise 
on  the  faith  of  former  decisions,  prior  to  the  promulgation  of  the  more  recent  rul- 
ing.   (Syn.  Treas.  Dec.  7589.) 

But  we  place  our  decision  on  the  commercial  designation  of  the  merchandise.  It 
is  known  in  the  trade  as  "  woolen  waste,"  and  that  fact  settles  the  classification. 

The  decision  of  the  collector  is  reversed,  and  he  is  instructed  to  reliquidate  the 
entries  pursuant  to  law.    (10728  —  C  A.  281.) 


New  York,  February  4,  1891. 

Wool-knit  fabrics,  hosiery,  and  underwear. — The  goods  in  question  consist 
of  certain  knit  hosiery,  viz,  undershirts  and  drawers,  made  on  knitting  frames,  and 
of  the  material  of  wool. 

The  articles  were  classified  and  assessed  for  duty,  under  paragraph  396  of  the  tariff 
act  of  October  1,1890,  as  articles  of  "  wearing  apparel"  made  of  wool  and  "not 
specially  provided  for 99  in  that  act. 

The  importers  contend  that  the  goods  are  commercially  known  to  the  trade  as 
"knit  fabrics,"  and,  being  made  on  knitting  frames,  are  specially  provided  for  by 
that  designation  in  paragraph  392  of  said  tariif  act,  and  that  they  should  be  classi- 
ked  and  assessed  accordingly. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


221 


Paragraph  396,  under  which  1he  collector  made  the  classification,  describes  the 
articles  intended  to  be  assessed  thereunder  as  "  clothing,  ready  made,  and  articles  of 
wearing  apparel  of  every  description,-  made  up  or  manufactured  wholly  or  in  part, 
not  specially  provided  for  in  this  act,  *  *  *  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool 
(or)  worsted." 

The  corresponding  paragraph  (T.  I.,  366)  in  the  act  of  March  3,  1883,  contained 
substantially  the  same  language,  but  "  knit  goods"  were  in  terms  excepted  from 
the  provisions. 

Paragraph  392  of  the  new  tariff  law,  under  which  the  importers  claim  the  goods 
to  fall,  applies  to  "  woolen  or  worsted  cloths,  shaws,  knit  fabrics,  and  all  fabrics 
made  on  knitting  machines  or  frames,  *  *  *  made  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool  (or) 
worsted  *  *  *  not  specially  provided  for  "  in  that  act.  This  paragraph  is  con- 
densed in  part  from  paragraphs  362  and  363  (tariff  index)  of  the  act  of  March,  1883, 
the  former  of  which  embraced  "  woolen  cloths,  woolen  shawls,  and  all  manufac- 
tures of  wool  of  every  description,"  and  the  latter  "  flannels,  blankets,  hats  of  wool, 
knit  goods,  and  all  goods  made  on  knitting  frames,  *  *  *  composed  wholly  or  in 
part  of  worsted,"  etc. 

The  phrase,  "knit  fabrics"  has  thus  been  substituted  for  the  words  "knit  goods." 

The  words  "  wearing  apparel "  are  not  words  of  technical  but  of  popular  signi- 
fication. They  indicate  the  use  for  which  an  article  is  designed,  and  to  which  it  is 
ordinarily  put,  rather  than  the  specific  name  by  which  it  is  known.  They  have  no 
peculiar  mercantile  or  commercial  signification,  being  "  a  general  description  or 
genus  comprehending  many  species. "  In  Maillard  v.  Lawrence,  16  How.  (U.  S.),  251, 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  taking  this  view  of  the  law,  held  that  a 
shawl  was  an  article  of  wearing  apparel,  and  dutiable  as  such,  although  many  mer- 
cantile men  testified  that  it  was  not  so  regarded  in  the  trade.  The  common  knowl- 
edge of  the  court  was  invoked  to  the  contrary — that  the  established  and  popular 
import  of  the  words  "wearing  apparel"  included  shawls.  There  is  just  as  little 
doubt,  it  may  be  admitted,  that  the  articles  under  consideration — knit  undershirts 
and  drawers— are  wearing  apparel.  Such  articles  would  be  admitted  as  free  of  duty 
as  such,  under  paragraph  752  of  the  free  list,  if  accompanying  and  in  use  by  a  pas- 
senger arriving  in  this  country  from  abroad,  as  readily  as  his  coat,  his  vest,  or  panta- 
loons would  be.  So  they  would  be  free  from  execution  under  a  law  exempting 
"  wearing  apparel"  from  sale  under  legal  process,  as  is  done  in  most  of  the  Ameri- 
can States.  But  they  are  also  "knit  fabrics,"  or  "  fabrics  made  on  knitting  machines 
or  frames."  Are  they  to  be  construed  as  being  "specially  provided  for"  by  this 
designation,  so  as  to  be  excepted  from  the  general  description  of  "  clothing,  ready 
made,  and  articles  of  wearing  apparel  of  every  description,"  as  used  in  paragraph 
396?  It  may  be  argued  that  the  amendment  of  the  old  law,  which  excepted  "knit 
goods"  from  the  words  wearing  apparel,  made  of  wool  or  worsted,  effected  by  strik- 
ing out  the  exception,  indicates  an  intention  to  change  the  law  on  this  subject.  It 
is  answered  by  the  importers  that  this  exception  was  superfluous  and  unnecessary, 
and  the  silk  schedule  is  cited,  where  paragraph  413  speaks  of  "  clothing,  ready  made, 
and  articles  of  wearing  apparel  of  every  description,  including  knit  goods."  Con- 
gress, it  is  said,  found  it  necessary  here  to  bring  knit  goods  into  the  category  of 
wearing  apparel  by  so  declaring  in  terms.  As  the  law  now  stands,  therefore,  the 
apparent  inference  is  that  the  lawmakers  did  not  suppose  that  knit  goods  would 
have  been  dutiable  as  wearing  apparel,  unless  it  had  been  so  provided  in  terms. 
The  mere  change  of  language  in  the  revision  of  statutes  by  the  omission  of  words 
is  not  significant  of  any  change  of  legislative  intention  where  such  words  were 
superfluous  or  might  be  implied  by  fair  construction.  (Endlich  on  Stat.,  sees.  378- 
383.) 

We  next  inquire  the  meaning  of  the  phrase  "knit  fabrics,  and  all  fabrics  made  on 
knitting  machines  or  frames,"  as  used  in  paragraph  392.  Is  it  more  or  less  specific 
than  "  wearing  apparel  ?  "    "  Knitting  is  the  art  of  forming  looped  fabrics  or  textures 


222 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


with  the  use  of  needles  and  a  single  continuous  thread."  (Encyclopedia  Britannica, 
vol.  14,  p.  127.) 

A  fabric  is  "that  which  is  fabricated,"  and  to  fabricate  is  "to  form  by  art  and 
labor;  to  manufacture."  (Webster's  Dictionary.)  The  phrase  "knitted  fabrics" 
seems  to  be  one  of  commercial  designation,  and  if  such  be  the  case,  or  the  phrase  be 
one  of  more  minute  description,  it  must  be  held  to  predominate  over  descriptive 
words  of  a  generic  character.  Robertson  v.  Salomon,  130  U.  S.,  412 ;  Arthur  v.  Lahey, 
96  U.  S.,  112.)  In  Spon's  Encyclopedia  of  Manufactures  (1882),  vol.  2,  pp.  1186- 
1189,  we  find  the  history  of  "  knitted  fabrics — hosiery,"  given  under  that  nomenclature 
at  great  length,  and  showing  the  growth  of  this  industry  for  the  past  two  centuries, 
and  of  knitting  or  hosiery  machinery,  especially  in  the  last  fifty  years.  The  word 
"fabric"  is  uniformly  used  there  to  designate  not  only  socks  and  stockings,  but 
shirts,  drawers,  and  various  other  articles  produced  by  the  art  of  knitting,  which 
may  be  classed  as  hosiery  as  well  as  piece  goods.  Advertisements  by  the  trade  are 
seen  every  day  in  the  public  press,  and  are  produced  before  us,  of  "wool,  knit  fabrics, 
comprising  socks,  stockings,  gloves,  mitts,  jackets,  Swiss  ribbed  vests,  and  drawers," 
etc.  A  number  of  witnesses  also  testified  to  the  fact  that  the  term  under  consideration 
is  one  of  well-known  commercial  meaning  in  the  trade.  The  following  phrases  have 
been  held  by  the  courts  to  have  commercial  designation  among  traders  and  importers 
sufficient  to  fix  their  classification  specifically  as  belonging  to  a  named  class  of  mer- 
chandise :  "  Silk  laces  "  and  "thread  laces "  (Arthur  v.  Lahey,  96  U.  S.,  112) ;  "Japan 
leather"  (Morris  v.  Arthur,  95  U.  S.,  144);  "merino  goods"  (Greenleaf  v.  Worth- 
ington,  26  Fed.  Rep.,  303). 

Whether  the  descriptive  name  under  consideration  (paragraph  392)  be  a  commer- 
cial designation  or  not,  it  is  more  narrow  and  specific  than  the  common  one  of  wear- 
ing apparel,  where  the  use  of  the  article  determines  the  classification.  It  ex  vi  ter- 
mini withdraws  knit  fabrics,  or  hosiery  made  on  knitting  frames  or  machines,  as 
these  fabrics  are,  of  every  kind  from  the  category  of  clothing,  ready  made,  or  wear- 
ing apparel,  by  the  special  provision  made  therefor  in  paragraph  392  of  the  tariff  law 
of  October  1,  1890. 

The  suggestion  that  the  words  knit  fabrics  derives  color  of  meaning  from  the  ante- 
cedent word  "cloths"  is  without  force.  It  is  equally  associated  with  the  word 
u shawls,"  which  is  known  to  be  wearing  apparel.  The  evidence  before  us  shows 
that  the  percentage  of  knit  fabrics  which  comes  from  abroad,  outside  of  hosiery — 
such  as  stockings,  socks,  gloves,  shirts,  and  drawers,  and  other  wearing  apparel — is 
comparatively  insignificant. 

If  the  question  under  consideration  were  doubtful,  we  would  be  compelled,  under 
established  rules  of  construction,  to  give  the  benefit  of  that  doubt  to  the  importers. 

We  accordingly  hold  that  the  merchandise  in  question  should  have  been  classified 
as  contended  by  the  importers,  under  paragraph  392  and  not  paragraph  396  of  the 
present  tariff  law. 

The  decision  of  the  collector  is  reversed,  and  he  will  proceed  to  reliquidate  the 
entry  in  the  manner  and  time  prescribed  by  law.    ( 10736 — O.  A.  2 §9 a.) 


New  York,  February  4,  1891. 

Sheepskin  mats. — The  appraiser  returned  the  merchandise  for  duty  "as  a  man- 
ufacture of  wool  and  flax,  costiug  over  40  cents  a  pound,  at  44  cents  per  pound  and 
50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  act  of  1890,  paragraph  392." 

The  collector  states  in  his  report:  "This  office  does  not  concur  in  the  opinion 
expressed  by  the  appraiser  in  regard  to  these  goods,  for  the  reason  that  the  wool  in 
this  case  has  not  been  manufactured,  but  has  only  been  dressed  in  a  manner  similar 
to  the  dressing  of  other  fur  skins;  nor  does  there  appear  to  be  any  restriction  as  to 


a  Reversed  by  13888— (Gr.  A.  2041). 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


223 


the  character  of  articles  manufactured  of  fur,  provided  for  in  T.  I.,  461.  In  order 
to  bring  the  question  before  the  honorable  Board  of  General  Appraisers  this  office 
affirms  the  assessment  of  duty  n  as  returned  by  the  appraiser. 

Appellants  claim  that  the  rate  should  be  50  per  cent  as  a  wool  mat,  paragraph 
408,  or  35  per  cent  as  a  manufacture  of  fur,  paragraph  461. 

The  goods  in  question  are  mats  or  rugs  made  of  dressed  skins  with  the  wool  on. 
Some  of  the  mats  are  made  of  one  skin  trimmed  to  the  proper  shape,  while  in  other 
cases  several  skins  are  sewed  together.  The  wool  has  been  dressed  and  in  some 
instances  dyed. 

The  merchandise  can  not  be  classified  under  paragraph  408,  as  that  paragraph 
applies  only  to  mats  that  are  portions  of  carpets  or  carpeting. 

The  claim  for  classification  as  a  manufacture  of  fur  has  received  serious  consider- 
ation in  view  of  the  fact  that  there  is  no  special  provision  in  the  tariff  for  manufac- 
tures of  sheepskins;  that  certain  lambskins  are  commercially  known  as  furs  and 
have  long  been  classified  as  furs  by  the  Department,  and  as  in  the  present  case  the 
merchandise  is  similar  in  material,  quality,  texture,  and  the  use  to  which  it  may 
be  applied  to  rugs  made  of  fur. 

But  sheepskins  are  not  furs,  and  the  similitude  clause  can  not  be  invoked  unless 
there  is  no  special  provision  in  the  tariff  that  would  cover  the  merchandise  in  ques- 
tion. 

Paragraph  392  provides  for  "  all  manufactures  of  every  description  made  wholly 
or  in  part  of  wool."  In  the  mats  under  consideration  wool  is  the  predominating  ele- 
ment both  in  quantity  and  value.  It  is  unnecessary  to  determine  whether  the  treat- 
ment to  which  the  wool  has  been  subjected  brings  it  within  the  category  of  manu- 
factured articles.  The  mat  itself  is  a  completed  manufactured  article,  and  as  it  is 
made  in  part  of  wool  it  was  properly  classified  under  paragraph  392. 

The  decision  of  the  collector  is  therefore  affirmed.    (10 745-G,  A.  298.) 


New  York,  February  4,  1891. 

Ring  waste. — The  merchandise  in  this  case,  as  shown  by  the  report  of  the 
appraiser,  and  by  the  inspection  of  the  same,  is  what  is  commonly  called  "ring 
waste,"  which  is  a  refuse  material  produced  in  the  process  of  spinning  wool. 

It  was  assessed  for  duty  at  30  cents  per  pound,  as  wool  of  the  first  class,  under  para- 
graph 356  of  the  tariff  act  of  March  3,  1883. 

The  importers  contend  that  it  is  assessable  only  at  10  cents  per  pound,  under 
paragraph  361  of  said  act,  as  "  woolen    *    *.*  waste." 

We  considered  this  subject  very  fully  in  the  case  of  Muhlhauser  v.  Gary,  collector, 
etc.,  where  the  testimony  showed  that  an  article  of  precisely  the  same  kind  and 
quality  was  commercially  known  as  "  woolen  waste",  in  the  trade  and  among  manu- 
facturers. We  there  cited  a  decision  on  the  same  point  made  by  the  circuit  court 
for  the  northern  district  of  Ohio,  between  the  same  parties,  involving  merchandise 
of  exactly  like  kind,  in  which  the  finding  of  the  jury  was  to  the  same  effect  as  that 
of  this  board. 

From  the  samples  before  us  we  decide  that  the  merchandise  is  "  woolen  waste," 
within  the  meaning  of  T.  I.,  361,  act  of  March  3, 1883,  and  is  dutiable  at  10  cents  per 
pound. 

The  claim  of  the  appellant  is  accordingly  sustained.    (10752 — Cr.  A.  305.) 


New  York,  February  12,  1891. 

Carpet  wool  (act  1883.) — The  merchandise  in  these  cases  was  returned  as  wool, 
class  3,  under  12  cents  per  pound  in  value,  and  duty  was  assessed  thereon  at  the  rate 
prescribed  by  paragraph  359  of  the  tariff  act  of  March  3,  1883. 

The  importer  contends  that  the  article  is  entitled  to  free  entry  under  paragraph 


224 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


717  of  said  act,  which  reads  as  follows:  "Hair,  horse,  or  cattle,  and  hair  of  all 
kinds    *    *    *    not  specially  provided  for  in  this  act." 

We  infer  that  the  contention  is  that  the  article  in  question  is  goat  hair  and  that 
it  is  not  fit  for  combing  purposes,  and  for  this  reason  it  can  not  properly  he  classi- 
fied under  paragraph  354  of  said  act  as  the  hair  of  the  goat  there  enumerated. 

We  have  held  that  goat  hair,  under  the  new  tariff  law,  is  not  free  of  duty,  hut 
taxable  as  such  under  the  provisions  of  paragraph  375  of  that  law.  How  this  would 
he  under  the  act  of  March  3,  1883,  we  need  not  decide. 

The  samples  in  these  several  cases  have  been  examined  by  competent  experts,  and 
the  testimony  of  these  witnesses  supports  the  conclusion  that  the  merchandise  is 
not  goat  hair,  or  hjir  of  any  kind  whatever,  but  that  the  samples  are  all  wool  of  an 
inferior  grade,  which  comes  from  a  deteriorated  sheep,  and  that  this  class  of  wool 
is  used  chiefly  for  making  carpets. 

We  decide  on  the  testimony  before  us  that  the  articles  are  ivool,  and  not  hair,  and 
that  the  classification  was  properly  made  by  the  collector  under  paragraph  355  and 
assessed  under  paragraph  359,providing  for  wool  of  the  third  class. 

The  collector's  decision  in  each  case  is  affirmed.    ( 107TO—  O.  A.  323.) 


New  York,  February  13,  1891. 

Woolen  "  robes"  or  dress  patterns. — The  merchandise,  as  shown  by  the  report 
of  the  appraiser,  consists  of  certain  manufactures  of  wool,  commonly  known  as  "robes" 
or  "  dress  patterns,"  being  plain  and  fancy  material  put  together  in  sufficient  quan- 
tities to  make  one  dress.  They  were  classified  and  assessed  for  duty  under  paragraph 
362  of  the  tariff  act  of  March  3,  1883,  as  "  woolen  cloths  *  *  *  and  all  manu- 
factures of  wool  of  every  description,  made  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  not  specially 
enumerated  or  provided  for  "  in  said  act,  and  valued  at  above  80  cents  per  pound. 

The  only  contention  of  the  importers  is  that  the  goods  ought  to  be  classified,  under 
paragraph  366  of  said  act,  as  "  clothing,  ready-made,  and  wearing  apparel  of  every 
description,  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for  in  this  (said)  act    *     *  * 
composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool  (or)  worsted    *     *     *     made  up  or  manufac- 
tured wholly  or  in  part  by  the  tailor,  seamstress,  or  manufacturer." 

We  think  it  needs  no  argument  to  show  that  the  dress  patterns  under  considera- 
tion are  not  wearing  apparel,  but  constitute  only  the  material  designed  to  be  used 
for  making  such  apparel.  It  is  not  "made  up  or  manufactured,  wholly  or  in  part," 
as  a  process  of  transmutation  from  cloth  into  wearing  apparel.  We  decide,  there- 
fore, that  it  is  not  wearing  apparel  or  ready-made  clothing,  within  the  meaning  of 
paragraph  366,  but  was  properly  classified  as  a  woolen  cloth,  or  manufacture  of  wool, 
under  paragraph  362  of  said  tariff  act  of  1883. 

The  uecision  of  the  collector  is  affirmed.    (10781 — G.  A.  334.) 


New  York,  February  14, 1891. 

Silk  and  worsted  plushes. — The  goods  in  this  case  are  "plushes"  composed,  in 
the  language  of  the  appraiser,  "  of  silk  in  the  warp  and  worsted  in  the  weft."  They 
were  returned  by  him  as  women's  and  children's  dress  goods,  composed  in  part  of 
wool,  etc.,  and  valued  at  above  20  cents  a  square  yard.  They  were  accordingly 
assessed  for  duty  by  the  collector  at  7  cents  a  square  yard  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem, 
under  paragraph  365  of  the  act  of  March  3, 1883. 

Appellants  contend  in  their  protest  that  the  goods  were  entitled  to  entry,  under 
paragraph  383  of  said  act,  at  50  per/cent  ad  valorem,  on  the  ground  that  they  are 
composed  of  silk,  or  that  silk  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value  therein.  On 
this  issue — whether,  in  fact,  silk  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value  in  the 
goods  subject  of  appeal — appellants  were  duly  notified  to  appear  and  offer  evidence 
in  support  of  the  verity  of  their  contention,  which  they  failed  to  do.    The  board 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


225 


therefore  finds,  as  matter  of  fact,  in  accordance  with  the  return  of  the  appraiser, 
that  silk  is  not  the  component  material  of  chief  value  in  the  goods,  and  hence,  as 
matter  of  law,  that  the  classification  thereof,  and  assessment  of  duty  thereon,  as 
made  hy  the  collector,  was  correct,  and  his  decision  is  therefore  affirmed.  (See 
decision  of  this  hoard,  G.  A.  64,  under  date  of  October  17, 1890.)  ( 10782— G.  A. 
335.) 


New  York,  February  17,  1891, 

Cotton  and  wool  corsets. — The  goods  in  these  cases  are  women's  corsets  com- 
posed of  cotton  and  wool.  The  appraiser's  return  is  in  part  as  follows:  "The  mer- 
chandise consists  of  ladies'  corsets,  manufactured  from  black  Italian  cloth,  which 
is  composed  of  cotton  and  wool."  He  accordingly  returned  it  as  wool  wearing 
apparel,  and  the  collector  so  classified  it  under  paragraph  396  of  the  act  of  Octoher 
1,  1890,  assessing  duty  thereon  at  49^  cents  a  pound  and  60  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

Appellants  claim,  in  their  protest,  that  the  merchandise  was  entitled  to  entry  at 
40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  355  of  said  act,  as  a  "  manufacture  of  cotton 
not  specially  provided  for.7'  But  they  admit  that  wool  is  a  significant  feature  thereof 
in  the  following  language:  "Cotton  being  the  article  of  chief  value  entering  into 
the  manufacture  of  same,  and  that  the  wool  contained  in  them,  or  in  such  of  them 
as  may  he  partly  composed  of  wool,  is  the  material  of  least  value,  the  proportion  in 
value  of  the  wool  contained  in  the  same  being  very  small,"  etc. 

This  admission  disposes  of  the  only  issue  in  the  case,  since  it  is  not  denied  that 
corsets  are  "wearing  apparel,"  nor  is  it  denied  that  the  corsets  subject  of  appeal 
are  partly  composed  of  wool;  hence  the  contention  of  appellants  that  they  should 
be  classified  as  "manufactures  of  cotton  not  specially  provided  for"  under  para- 
graph 355  becomes  untenable.  We  therefore  find  that  the  facts  in  the  record,  as 
stated  in  the  return  of  the  appraiser,  and  in  the  report  of  the  collector,  are  true, 
and  that  the  contentions  of  the  protest  are  not  true  in  fact,  or  well  taken  in  law. 

The  decision  of  the  collector  is  affirmed.    (10792 — G.  A.  345.) 


New  York,  February  21,  1891. 
Hats  of  wool  (act  of  1883.)—  The  merchandise  in  this  case  consists  of  hats,  manu- 
factured from  wool  costing  less  than  30  cents  per  pound.  They  were  assessed  under 
paragraph  363  of  the  tariff  act  of  1883  at  the  rate  of  10  cents  per  pound  and  35  per 
cent  ad  valorem,  that  paragraph  including,  among  other  articles  enumerated,  "hats 
of  wool." 

It  is  contended  that  the  goods  should  be  assessed,  under  paragraph  400  of  said  act, 
which  reads  as  follows : 

400.  Bonnets,  hats,  and  hoods  for  men,  women,  and  children,  composed  of  chip, 
grass,  palm-leaf,  willow,  or  straw,  or  any  other  vegetable  substance,  hair,  whale- 
bone, or  other  material  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for  in  this  act,  30  per 
centum  ad  valorem. 

As  the  hats  in  question  are  made  of  wool,  and  not  of  the  component  materials 
enumerated  in  paragraph  400,  they  were  properly  assessed  under  said  paragraph  363. 
The  decision  of  the  collector  is  accordingly  affirmed.    (10799 — G.  A.  352.) 


Tkeasury  Department,  March  9,  1891. 
Wool-knit  underwear. — I  have  to  inform  you  that,  under  date  of  the  27th  ultimo, 
the  collector  of  customs  at  New  York  was  advised  that  the  Department  had  decided 
to  appeal  for  a  review  of  the  decision  of  the  Board  of  General  Appraisers  as  to  the 
classification  of  wool-knit  goods.    (G.  A.  289,  of  February  4,  1891.) 

H.  Mis.  94  15 


226  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

You  will  therefore  disregard  said  decision,  and  classify  woolen  underwear  under 
the  provisions  for  wearing  apparel  in  paragraph  396,  act  of  October  1,  1890,  until 
the  question  at  issue  is  judicially  determined.    (1081 K •) 


New  York,  February  25,  1891. 
Wool  caps. — The  goods  under  consideration  are  felt  caps,  made  of  wool,  in  whole 
or  in  part.  They  were  classified  under  paragraph  396  of  the  new  tariff  act  of  Octo- 
ber 1, 1890,  which  provides  for  a  certain  duty  on  "  clothing,  ready  made,  and  articles 
of  wearing  apparel  of  every  description,  made  up  or  manufactured,  wholly  or  in 
part,  not  specially  provided  for  in  this  act,  *  *  *  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of 
wool,"  etc. 

The  only  contention  raised  by  the  protest  is  that  the  goods  should  he  classified  and 
assessed  as  "hats  of  wool,"  under  the  provisions  of  paragraph  393  of  said  tariff  act. 
The  ground  of  this  insistence  is  that  while  "  caps"  are  not  enumerated  in  the  tariff 
law  by  name,  they  are  similar  to  "hats"  in  material  and  the  use  to  which  they  are 
applied,  and  should  be  so  classified,  under  the  provisions  of  section  5  of  the  new 
tariff  law,  corresponding  to  section  2499  of  the  Revised  Statutes  and  known  as  the 
similitude  clause. 

A  full  answer  to  this  contention  is  that  this  section  applies  only  to  nonenumerated 
articles,  and  the  description  of  an  article  as  "wearing  apparel  "  is  sufficient  to  take 
it  out  of  the  operation  of  said  section,  and  to  place  it  among  the  enumerated  arti- 
cles. A  cap  is  defined  by  Webster  as  "a  part  of  the  dress,  made  to  cover  the  head." 
It  is  undoubtedly  an  article  of  wearing  apparel,  made. of  wool,  within  the  meaning 
of  paragraph  396  of  said  act,  and  not  being  any  where  more  specifically  provided  for, 
the  classification  was  correct.  The  Treasury  decisions,  upon  which  the  custom- 
house practice  is  based,  have* always  made  a  marked  distinction  between  "  hats  "  and 
"caps,"  and  this  difference  between  the  two  words  is  fully  recognized  in  common 
parlance. 

.The  decision  is  affirmed.    (lO§60— G.  A,  355.) 


New  York,  February  26,  1891. 
•  Mufflers. — The  goods  in  question  are  stated  by  the  appraiser  to  be  "wool  muf- 
flers for  the  neck,"  and  were  returned  for  duty  under  the  provisions  of  paragraph 
396  of  the  new  tariff  act  of  October  1,  1890,  as  "wearing  apparel,"  manufactured 
wholly  or  in  part  of  wool. 

The  appellants  contend  that  the  articles  are  "shawls,"  made  wholly  or  in  part  of 
wool,  or  worsted,  within  the  meaning  of  paragraph  392  of  said  act. 

A  muffler  is  a  covering  for  the  face,  a  wrapper  used  to  envelope  the  head  or  neck. 
A  shawl  is  a  loose  covering  for  the  neck  and  shoulders.  It  is  often  very  difficult  to 
distinguish  one  of  these  from  the  other,  but  the  line  of  deraarkation  must  necessa- 
rily be  drawn  in  the  chief  use  to  which  the  given  article  is  put.  Shawls  are  enu- 
merated in  the  tariff  act  eo  nomine,  mufflers  are  not. 

The  sample  of  the  merchandise  before  us  is  of  woolen  or  worsted,  about  1  yard 
square,  dyed  black,  with  a  border  of  bright-colored  flowers  running  all  around  it, 
about  3  inches  from  the  edge.  The  texture  of  the  fabric  is  rather  sleazy,  and  it  is 
without  the  usual  fringe  found  in  shawls. 

In  our  opinion  its  chief  use  is  as  a  covering  for  the  head  or  neck,  not  for  the 
shoulders,  and  the  classification  of  the  article  as  wearing  apparel,  under  paragraph 
396,  was  correct. 

The  collector's  decision  is  affirmed.    (10864L— G.  A.  359.) 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


227 


New  York,  February  28,  1891. 
Wool  grease  or  degras. — Duty  was  assessed  upon  certain  grease  at  one-half  of 
1  cent  per  pound,  under  paragraph  316,  act  October  1,  1890.  The  appellant  claims 
the  merchandise  is  free  of  duty,  under  paragragh  599,  as  grease  u  such  as  is  com- 
monly used  for  stuffing  or  dressing  leather/7  and  that  it  is  "  sold  and  used  only  for 
said  purpose/7  A  sample  was  submitted  to  the  United  States  chemist  at  this  p>ort 
for  analysis,  who  reports  that  it  is  "  wool  grease,"  or  "  degras/7  and  we  so  find. 
Although  the  article  may  be,  as  alleged,  such  as  is  commonly  used  for  stuffing  or 
dressing  leather,  paragraph  599  only  provides  for  such  as  is  not  specially  provided 
for  elseAvhere  in  the  act.  Wool  grease  and  degras  are  provided  for  by  name  in  para- 
graph 316.  Therefore  the  assessment  of  duty  thereon  at  one-half  of  1  cent  per  pound 
was,  in  our  opinion,  correct  and  is  affirmed.    (10 8^8 — A.  373.) 


New  York,  March  4,  1891. 

Pile  fabrics — Slipper  patterns. — The  merchandise  in  question  is  slipper  pat- 
terns made  from  a  fabric  resembling  Brussels  carpet.  The  warp  and  filling  of  the 
body  or  back  is  of  cotton  and  the  looped  warp  or  outer  surface  is  of  wool.  The 
figured  designs  upon  the  patterns,  which  are  formed  by  the  wool  warp,  are  colored 
flowers  and  leaves  upon  a  black  background.  Duty  was  assessed  upon  the  mer- 
chandise at  the  rate  applicable  to  pile  fabrics  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool  or 
worsted  under  the  provisions  of  paragraph  396,  act  of  October  1,  1890. 

The  appellants  claim  the  goods  are  not  pile  fabrics  and  that  duty  should  have 
been  assessed  thereon  at  44  cents  per  pound  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  N. 
T.,  392. 

Pile  fabrics  are  described  in  standard  works  as  "textures  woven  with  a  loop  or 
otherwise  raised  surface.77  Looped  pile  is  any  fabric  in  which  the  woven  loop 
remains  uncut,  as  in  Brussels  and  tapestry  carpets  and  Terry  velvets.  When  these 
loops  are  cut  in  the  finished  texture  then  the  material  is  a  cut  pile  *  *  *  .  For 
ordinary  loop  and  cut  pile  fabrics,  two  warps  are  required,  etc. 

It  appears  from  an  examination  of  samples  of  the  fabrics  upon  appeal  that  they 
have  a  raised  surface,  wrhich  is  formed  by  an  extra  warp  the  loops  of  which  are  cut. 

The  testimony  we  have  is  to  the  effect  that  these  slipper  patterns  are  known  to 
the  trade  as  pile  fabrics,  and  we  so  find. 

The  assessment  of  duty  is  accordingly  affirmed. — (10895. — O.  A.  390.) 


.  Treasury  Department,  April  29,  1891. 
Refunds  on  worsted  cloths, — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of 
the  14th  instant,  in  which  you  request  to  be  informed  whether  the  Department  has 
acquiesced  in  the  decision  of  the  court  in  regard  to  the  classification  of  worsted 
cloths,  and  whether  it  has  authorized  a  refund  of  duties  paid  in  excess  on  such  mer- 
chandise. 

In  reply,  I  have  to  state  that,  on  the  31st  of  December  last,  the  Department  ad- 
dressed a  letter  to  the  collector  of  customs  at  New  York  (a  copy  of  which  is  here- 
with inclosed),  authorizing  him,  under  the  mandate  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  the  case 
of  Magone  v.  Julius  Ballin  et  al.,  and  on  due  entry  of  judgment,  to  take  the  neces- 
sary steps  for  its  settlement,  and  also  to  take  steps  for  the  settlement  of  other  similar 
suits  now  pending  where  the  requirements  of  law  as  to  protest,  appeal,  institution 
of  suit,  etc.,  have  been  fully  complied  with.    (1101 1.) 

[Letter  above  referred  to.] 

Treasury  Department,  December  31,  1890. 
Sir:  The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  a  letter  from  the  Attorney-General,  dated 
the  26th  instant,  in  which  he  states  that,  in  view  of  tbe  decision  of  the  United 


228 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


States  Supreme  Court  in  the  case  of  Anthony  F.  Seeberger,  collector,  etc.,  v.  Ber- 
nard Cohn  et  al.,  which  held  that  "though  worsted  is  doubtless  a  product  of  wool, 
in  some  aspects,  be  considered  a  manufacture  of  wool,  yet,  manufactures  of  worsted 
being  subjected  by  the  second  paragraph  (T.  I.,  363)  to  different  duties  from  those 
imposed  by  the  first  paragraph  (T.  I.,  362)  on  manufactures  of  wool,  it  necessarily  fol- 
lows that  a  manufacturer  of  worsted  can  not  be  considered  as  a  manufa  cturer  of  wool 
within  the  meaning  of  this  statute  "  (act  of  March  3,  1883),  the  writ  of  error  in  the 
case  of  Daniel  Magone,  collector,  etc.,  v.  Julius  Ballin  et  al.,  involving  the  question 
as  to  the  classification  of  worsted  diagonals,  suitings,  coatings,  etc.,  (synopsis  9400), 
can  not  be  sustained,  and  will  be  dismissed,  inasmuch  as  the  jury  found  in  said  case 
that  the  merchandise  was  exclusively  of  worsted. 

You  are  therefore  authorized,  on  due  entry  of  judgment  in  said  suit  in  the  circuit 
court  under  the  mandate  of  the  Supreme  Court,  to  take  the  necessary  steps  for  its 
settlement,  and  also  to  take  the  same  steps  with  reference  to  all  other  similar  suits 
now  pending,  where  the  requirements  of  law  as  to  protest,  appeal,  institution  of 
suit,  etc.,  have  been  fully  complied  with. 

This  decision  will  apply  only  to  importations  of  worsted  cloths  made  prior  to 
the  passage  of  the  act  of  May  9,  1890  (synopsis  10020). 
Respectfully,  yours, 

William  Windom, 

Secretary. 

Collector  of  Customs,  New  York, 


Treasury  Department,  April  SO,  1891. 

Women's  and  children's  dress  goods. — I  transmit  herewith  a  copy  of  the 
decision  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  in  the  suit,  No.  880,  October 
term,  1890,  of  Daniel  Magone,  collector,  etc.,  plaintiff  in  error  v.  Edward  Luckemeyer, 
Carl  Shefer,  and  William  Schramm,  which,  it  will  be  seen,  is  in  favor  of  the  conten- 
tion of  the  defendants  in  error,  as  maintained  in  the  lower  court,  that  certain 
women's  and  children's  dress  goods  weighing  under  4  ounces  per  square  yard, 
imported  under  the  tariff  act  of  March  3,  1883,  composed  of  wool  with  a  slight 
admixture,  ranging  from  2  to  5  per  cent,  of  cotton,  which  was  spun  with  the  wool  in 
the  same  yarn,  were  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  5  cents  per  square  yard  and  35  per  cent 
ad  valorem,  under  the  first  portion  of  paragraph  365  of  Schedule  K  of  the  act  of 
March  3, 1883,  which  covers  dress  goods  composed  in  part  of  wool,  worsted,  hair,  etc. 

Upon  due  entry  of  judgment  in  the  lower  court  under  the  mandate  of  the  Supreme 
Court  in  said  suit,  you  are  hereby  directed  to  take  the  necessary  steps  for  its  settle- 
ment by  forwarding  the  usual  certified  statement  for  the  consideration  of  the 
Department.  Similar  action  may  also  be  taken  with  regard  to  any  other  like  suits 
now  pending  at  your  port,  provided  that  upon  investigation  it  is  found  that  the 
requirements  of  laws  as  to  protest,  appeal,  institution  of  suit,  etc.,  were  duly  com- 
plied with.  (11613.) 


New  York,  April  22,  1891. 

Plushes  (1883). — We  find  the  following  facts  in  this  case:  (1)  The  goods  are 
plushes  composed  of  cotton,  worsted  and  silk;  (2)  the  appraiser  returned  them  as 
wool  flannel,  costing  over  80  cents  a  pound,  and  (3)  the  collector  classified  them  at 
35  cents  a  pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  363  of  the  act  of 
March  3,  1883.  Appellants  protested,  contending  that  in  all  the  goods  silk  is  the 
component  material  of  chief  value,  and  hence  that  they  are  entitled  to  entry  at  50 
per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  383  of  said  act. 

A  hearing  was  granted  to  said  appellants,  and  one  of  them  appeared  with  counsel 
and  gave  evidence.  Interrogated  as  to  the  foreign  market  value  of  the  goods  he 
swore  1hey  cost  15  pence  a  yard.  Asked  as  to  the  value  of  similar  goods  without  the 
silk  stripe,  he  said  they  would  be  worth  from  9  pence  to  9  pence  half  penny. 

An  examination  of  the  invoice  shows  that  the  goods  subject  of  appeal  are  in  fact 
invoiced  at  from  7-J-  pence  to  18-J  pence  a  yard,  a  very  large  proportion  of  the  goods 
falling  below  the  value  line  of  15  pence. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


229 


A  quantitative  analysis  (with  samples)  of  the  goods  found  among  the  papers  shows 
that  in  numbers  1  and  4  silk,  as  claimed  in  the  protest,  the  component  material  of 
chief  value,  and  in  numbers  2,  3,  5,  and  6  worsted  is  the  component  material  of  chief 
value. 

Following  the  rule  of  interpretation  laid  down  in  the  Hartranft  case,  135  U.  S.  S. 
C,  235,  as  we  did  in  decision  G.  A.  261,  the  protest  is  sustained  as  to  the  goods  cov- 
ered by  quantitative  analysis  report  numbers  1  and  4,  and  the  collector's  decision  is 
sustained  as  to  the  goods  covered  by  quantitative  analysis  report  numbers  2,  3,  5, 
and  6. 

The  entry  will  bo  reliquidated  accordingly.    (11073 — O.  A.  516*) 


New  York,  April  25, 1891. 

Worsted  dress  goods. — The  goods  in  question  are  textile  fabrics,  3^  inches  in 
width,  composed  in  part  of  wool  or  worsted.  They  are  valued  at  above  50  cents  per 
pound  and  weigh  less  than  4  ounces  per  square  yard.  We  find  from  an  examina- 
tion of  the  sample  representing  the  merchandise  that  the  warp  is  composed  of  cot- 
ton and  silk  in  the  proportion  of  about  seven  parts  cotton  and  one  part  silk.  The 
weft  or  filling  is  exclusively  of  wool  or  worsted  and  constitutes  the  component 
material  of  chief  value  of  the  goods.  Duty  was  assessed  at  12  cents  per  square 
yard  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  395,  act  of  October  1,  1890.  The 
appellants  claim  that  the  merchandise  is  cotton  warp  wool  flannels  and  cotton  warp 
wool  dress  goods,  valued  at  above  15  cents  per  square  yard,  and  that  duty  should 
have  been  assessed  upon  the  same  at  8  cents  per  square  yard  and  50  per  cent  ad  valo- 
rem, under  the  provisions  of  paragraph  394  of  said  act.  It  is  not  contended  that  any 
portion  of  the  merchandise  is  " flannels  for  underwear,"  and  as  its  cost  is  above  50 
cents  per  pound,  it  is  excluded  from  paragraph  by  the  terms  thereof,  and  is  dutiable 
as  women's  or  children's  dress  goods  or  goods  of  similar  character  and  description. 
Paragraph  394  provides  for  merchandise  "of  which  the  warp  consists  wholly  of  cot- 
ton or  other  vegetable  material,  with  the  remainder  of  the  fabric  composed  wholly 
or  in  part  of  wool,  worsted,"  etc.  The  warp  of  the  merchandise  in  question  is  not 
composed  wholly  of  cotton.  It  is  composed  in  part  of  silk — in  fact,  the  silk  is  of 
more  value  than  the  cotton — aud  as  silk  is  not  a  vegetable  substance,  the  claim  of 
the  importers  must  be  rejected. 

It  is  thought  proper  to  invite  attention  to  the  fact  that  paragraph  348  imposes  a 
higher  rate  of  duty  on  cotton  goods  containing  an  admixture  of  silk  than  it  is 
claimed  by  the  appellants  the  goods  in  question  are  subject,  and  to  which  they 
would  be  liable  if  the  warp  Avas  all  cotton  or  other  vegetable  substance.  The  mer- 
chandise in  question  clearly  falls  within  the  provisions  of  paragraph  395,  and  the 
action  of  the  collector  is  affirmed.    (11086— G«  A.  529.) 


New  York,  May  8,  1891. 
Worsted  moreens  (1883). — The  evidence  in  this  case  tends  to  show  that  the  mer- 
chandise in  question  is  a  worsted  fabric,  popularly  known  as  "  moreen. "  It  is  used 
for  covering  pew  cushions  and  for  upholstery  purposes  generally,  also  in  making 
ladies'  skirts.  Duty  was  assessed  upon  it  at  35  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad 
valorem,  under  T.  I.,  362  (act  March  3,  1883),  as  a  manufacture  of  wool,  valued  at 
not  exceeding  80  cents  per  pound.  The  appellants  claim  that  the  goods  are  dutiable 
at  18  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  provision  in  T.  I.,  363, 
for  manufactures  of  worsted  not  specially  provided  for,  valued  at  above  40  cents  per 
pound  and  not  exceeding  60  cents  per  pound.  From  an  inspection  of  the  official 
samples  we  find  that  the  merchandise  is  a  coarse  fabric,  24  inches  in  width,  composed 
of  so-called  "worsted"  in  the  warp  and  weft,  the  one  surface  being  glossy  and  smooth 


230 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


and  the  other  finished  to  resemble  in  appearance  and  to  the  touch  mohair  or  poplin 
with  a  worsted  design. 

The  analytical  chemist  in  charge  of  the  United  States  laboratory  at  this  port 
reported  that  the  merchandise  was  composed  of  combed  wool  known  as  "  worsted," 
and  the  testimony  of  experts  who  were  called  before  us  was  to  the  effect  that  it  is 
not  what  is  commonly  or  commercially  known  as  a  worsted  cloth,  but  is  commonly 
known  in  the  trade  as  worsted  "moreen,"  and  it  partakes  of  the  nature  of  dress 
goods  rather  than  cloth.  We  so  find  the  facts,  and  hold  that  the  article  is  not  covered 
by  the  act  of  May  9,  1890,  but  is  dutiable  under  T.  I.,  363,  as  claimed  by  the  appellants. 
This  ruling  is  in  harmony  with  the  decision  of  the  Treasury  Department  in  synopsis 
10078.    (1 1218— G.  A.  577.) 


New  York,  May  9,  1891. 

Charges  emballeur — The  merchandise  consists  of  996  bales  of  third-class  wool, 
which  was  entered  for  warehouse  October  14.  The  wool  was  valued  at  over  13  cents 
per  pound  by  the  appraiser,  and  was  assessed  for  duty  accordingly  at  50  per  cent, 
under  paragraph  386,  N.  T.  The  sum  of  332  francs  invoiced  as  "  emballeur  99  was 
considered  a  dutiable  charge  in  estimating  the  value  of  the  wool. 

The  appellant  protests,  first,  against  the  inclusion  of  332  francs  as  a  dutiable 
charge,  claiming  that  "emballeur"  is  simply  the  opening  and  closing  of  each  bale 
for  examination  subsequent  to  the  purchase  of  the  goods  in  a  condition  packed  ready 
for  shipment;  and,  second,  against  the  liquidation  of  the  invoice  as  based  on  the 
weights  taken  at  the  time  of  the  arrival  of  the  goods,  claiming  that  under  section 
50,  duty  should  be  levied  upon  a  basis  of  the  weight  of  the  merchandise  at  the  time 
of  its  withdrawal  from  warehouse. 

Section  19  of  the  act  of  June  10,  1890,  provides  that  when  merchandise  is  subjected 
to  an  ad  valorem  duty,  the  duty  shall  be  assessed  upon  the  actual  market  value  or 
wholesale  price  of  such  merchandise  as  bought  and  sold  in  usual  wholesale  quanti- 
ties, in  the  condition  in  which  such  merchandise  is  bought  and  sold  for  exportation, 
including  all  costs,  charges,  and  expenses  incident  to  placing  the  merchandise  in 
condition  packed  ready  for  shipment  to  the  United  States.  The  dutiable  charges 
are  not  limited  by  this  section  to  such  as  attach  to  the  merchandise  previous  to  its 
sale  and  delivery.  After  the  merchandise  has  been  purchased  in  the  condition  in 
which  such  merchandise  is  bought  and  sold  for  exportation  to  the  United  States,  any 
further  expense  incurred  by  the  purchaser  incident  to  placing  it  in  condition  packed 
ready  for  shipment  is  dutiable.  The  expense  of  sewing  up  the  bales  after  they  have 
been  cut  open  for  examination  is  an  incident  to  placing  the  merchandise  in  condition 
for  shipment  and  the  importers'  claim  on  this  point  can  not,  therefore,  be  sustained. 

In  regard  to  the  second  claim  of  the  importer,  the  board  is  of  the  opinion  that 
the  phrase  "  duties  based  upon  the  weight  of  merchandise/7  used  in  section  50,  does 
not  describe  goods  which  pay  an  ad  valorem  duty  that  is  clearly  based  upon  the 
value  of  goods  in  a  foreign  country  and  not  upon  their  weight  in  the  United  States. 
The  rate  of  duty  on  the  merchandise  in  the  present  case  is  determined  by  the  market 
value  of  wool  per  pound  in  Marseilles.  This  is  in  harmony  with  Department  decis- 
ion, synopsis  1044. 

The  decision  ot  the  collector  is  affirmed.    (11226— O.  A.  5 §5.) 


New  York,  May  23,  1891. 
Nuns'  veils. — The  importers  in  their  notice  of  dissatisfaction  say:  "We  hereby 
protest  against  the  assessment  and  payment  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  49^  cents  per 
pound  and  60  per  cent  ad  valorem,  charged  on  two  items  of  100  bordered  nun's  veil- 
ings," *  *  *  claiming  that  the  merchandise  above  mentioned  is  dutiable  at  the 
rate  of  44  cents  per  pound  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem  only,  under  the  provisions  in 
Schedule  K,  paragraph  392,  of  the  tariff  act  of  October  1,  1890. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


231 


The  appraiser  reported  that  "the  merchandise  consisted  of  a  manufacture  of  wool 
into  what  is  known  commercially  as  'nuns'  veils/  which  are  used  for  mourning  pur- 
poses." Duty  was  assessed  thereon,  under  the  provisions  in  paragraph  396,  N,  T.,  for 
"articles  of  wearing  apparel,"  etc. 

It  appears  from  the  invoice  that  the  merchandise  covered  by  the  protest  was  desig- 
nated therein  as  38  nuns'  veils.  Mr.  Francis  Loeb,  of  the  appraisers'  department, 
who  examined  and  passed  the  same,  testified  before  us  that  the  goods  in  question 
consisted  of  completed  wool  garments  having  hemmed  borders,  and  are  commer- 
cially known  as  "nuns'  veils."  The  importers  were  accorded  an  opportunity  to  be 
heard  by  the  board  in  support  of  their  contention.  They  having  failed  to  appear 
and  to  present  any  evidence  at  the  time  designated,  we  find  the  facts  to  be  as  stated 
by  the  appraiser,  and  affirm  the  action  of  the  collector.    (  1 1244 — O.  A.,  603.) 


Treasury  Department,  June  1,  1891. 

Worsted  bindings  and  galloons. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  a  letter  from 
the  United  States  Attorney-General,  dated  the  15th  ultimo,  in  which  he  notifies  the 
Department  of  the  dismissal  of  the  case  of  Robertson  v.  Weddigen,  No.  85  on  the 
docket  of  the  Supreme  Co*irt. 

The  case  in  question,  it  appears,  involved  the  classification  of  certain  worsted 
bindings  and  galloons,  woven  in  the  loom,  which  were  imported  on  December  18, 
1882,  and  were  classified  as  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  60  cents  per  pound  and  50  per 
cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  provisions  in  Schedule  L,  section  2504,  Revised  Statutes, 
for  "  webbings,  beltings,  bindings,  braids,  galloons,  fringes,  gimps,  cords,  cords  and 
tassels,  dress  trimmings,  head-nets,  buttons,  or  barrel  buttons,  or  buttons  of  other 
forms,  for  tassels  or  ornaments,  wrought  by  hand  or  braided  by  machinery,  made  of 
wool,  worsted,  or  mohair,  or  of  which  wool,  worsted,  or  mohair  is  a  component 
material." 

The  importers  claimed  that  the  proper  rate  of  duty  upon  the  goods  in  question 
was  50  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  clause  in  the  same 
schedule  beginning  with  the  words  "flannels,  blankets,  hats  of  wool,"  etc. 

The  question  involved  in  said  case  was  as  to  whether  the  term  "  wrought  by  hand 
or  braided  by  machinery"  contained  in  said  clause  qualified  the  various  articles 
specified  therein,  or  was  limited  to  the  articles  last  mentioned,  viz,  "buttons  or 
barrel  buttons,  or  buttons  of  other  forms,  for  tassels  or  ornaments." 

On  the  trial  of  the  case,  it  was  shown  that  webbing,  belting,  bindings,  and  gal- 
loons were  made  indiscriminately  by  the  weaving  or  braiding  processes,  and  that 
the  terms  were  not  distinctly-defined  trade  terms,  but  that  several  of  the  articles 
were  known  to  the  trade  by  either  of  two  or  more  of  these  terms,  and  that  the 
bindings  and  galloons  covered  by  the  suit  were  in  fact  woven  in  the  loom,  and  the 
verdict  supported  the  contention  ot  the  importers  that  the  clause  provided  only  for 
bindings  and  galloons  which  were  wrought  by  hand  or  braided  by  machinery. 

The  Attorney-General  states  that,  as  the  question  involved  was  a  question  of  fact 
only  as  to  whether  either  webbings,  bindings,  or  galloons  were  always  woven  and 
never  wrought  by  hand  or  braided  by  machinery,  it  was  not  deemed  proper  to 
invite  the  attention  of  the  court  to  the  case. 

In  view  of  this  action  on  the  part  of  the  Attorney-General,  you  are  hereby  author- 
ized, on  due  entry  of  judgment  in  said  case,  to  take  the  necessary  steps  for  its 
settlement  and  payment,  and  to  take  the  same  course  with  respect  to  all  other  cases 
pending  at  your  port  in  which  the  requirements  of  law  as  to  protest,  appeal,  insti- 
tution of  suit,  etc.,  have  been  fully  complied  with.  (1124.) 


Treasury  Department,  June  20,  1891. 
Wool,  Canadian  pulled.— Referring  to  your  letter  of  March  13  last,  in  regard 
to  the  proper  classification  of  Canadian  pulled  wool,  which  is  obtained  by  first  wash- 


232 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


ing  the  wool  on  the  pelt,  and  then  pulling  it,  and  to  Department's  reply  of  April  1 
last,  in  which  you  were  advised  of  the  practice  prevailing  at  New  York  on  the  impor- 
tation of  such  wool,  I  have  to  inform  you  that  upon  further  investigation  the  Depart- 
ment is  of  the  opinion  that  if,  upon  examination  the  wool  in  question  is  found  to  have 
heen  subjected  to  no  other  cleansing  process  than  washing  on  the  skin  with  water, 
it  is  practically  the  same  as  if  washed  with  water  on  the  sheep's  back,  and  should 
be  classified  as  washed  wool.  If,  however,  it  is  found  to  have  been  subjected  to  other 
or  further  process  of  cleansing,  it  should  be  classified  as  scoured  wool.    ( 11297*) 


Treasury  Department,  June  23, 1891. 

Sorted  wools  of  third  class. — Referring  to  previous  correspondence,  and  more 
especially  to  your  letter  of  the  6th  ultimo,  relative  to  the  assessment  of  a  double 
duty  on  sorted  wools  of  the  third  class,  I  have  to  inform  you  that  according  to  a 
report  obtained  from  the  collector  of  customs  at  New  York,  an  entry  of  such  wool 
was  liquidated  by  simply  doubling  the  amount  of  duty  assessed  on  the  value  stated 
in  the  invoice  and  returned  by  the  appraiser  as  correct. 

This  mode  of  reaching  the  amount  of  the  double  duty  imposed  by  paragraph  383, 
N.  T.,  is  deemed  to  be  both  practicable  and  consistent  with  the  intent  of  the  law,  and 
should  be  adopted  in  all  similar  cases,  until  a  final  adjudication  of  the  protest  filed 
by  the  importers  in  the  above-mentioned  case  against  the  decision  of  the  collector 
at  New  York.    (11307.)  (a). 


New  York,  May  29,  1891. 

Pile  fabrics — Moquettes. — One  bale  of  moquette  or  velvet,  imported  by  the 
protestants  into  the  port  of  Boston  per  steamer  Michigan,  October  28,  1890,  was 
classified  for  duty,  under  paragraph  396,  N.  T.,  as  a  pile  fabric  composed  wholly  or 
in  part  of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  goat  or  other  animal,  and  duty  was  levied 
thereon  at  49£  cents  per  pound  and  60  per  cent  ad  valorem.  The  protestants  claim 
that  the  fabric  is  moquette  carpeting,  subject  to  duty  at  60  cents  per  square  yard 
and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  399,  N.  T.  This  article  is  similar  to 
moquette  carpeting  in  material,  texture,  and  appearance,  but  woven  into  a  fabric 
of  very  much  lighter  weight.  It  is  made  to  order  81  inches  wide  for  upholstery  pur- 
poses,  and  is  not  used  or  designed  to  be  used  for  carpeting. 

We  find  that  the  merchandise  the  subject  of  this  protest  is  a  pile  fabric  composed 
chiefly  of  wool,  worsted,  or  the  hair  of  the  goat ;  that  it  is  manufactured  and  used 
for  upholstery  purposes,  and  is  not  carpeting. 

Upon  these  findings  we  must  overrule  the  protest.  The  action  of  the  collector  is 
affirmed. 

The  protest  filed  by  same  importer,  No.  3740&,  raising  the  same  points  concerning 
other  moquettes,  does  not  appear  to  have  been  filed  within  ten  days  after  liquida- 
tion and  as  required  by  section  14  of  the  act  of  June  10,  1890;  and  can  not  therefore 
be  entertained.    (11315— G.  A.,  628.) 


New  York,  June  2,  1891. 
Sheepskins  with  the  wool  on. — The  protestants  imported  into  the  port  of  New 
York,  March  16, 1891,  by  the  Etruriu,  sundry  bales  of  cape  sheepskins,  and  the  col- 
lector levied  duty  upon  the  quantity  of  wool  on  the  skins  and  at  a  value  ascertained 
and  returned  by  the  appraiser.  The  protestants  claim  in  their  protest  that  there 
was  substantially  nothing  but  hair  upon  the  skins  and  that  the  value  thereof  was 
much  less  than  the  amount  returned,  The  objection  to  the  value  as  returned  by  the 
appraising  officer  involves  a  question  of  reappraisement,  and  as  no  irregularity  is 
alleged,  the  subject  is  only  cognizable  on  appeal  for  a  reappraisement. 


a  Modified  by  No.  mGS. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


233 


An  inspection  of  sample  skins  and  the  testimony  of  numerous  witnesses  proves 
conclusively  that  the  fleece  upon  the  skins  is  a  mixture  of  wool  and  hair,  which 
when  pulled  or  sheared  has  a  known  market  value  and  is  classed  by  dealers  as  a  low 
medium  to  a  coarse  quality.  It  also  appears  that  the  estimate  of  quantity  waa 
fairly  made  with  a  liberal  allowance  in  the  importer's  favor.  We  find  that  the 
appraising  officer  ascertained  the  quantity  of  wool  on  the  skins  above  mentioned  to  be 
1,000  pounds  and  the  value  thereof  to  be  less  than  13  cents  per  pound,  and  that  said 
quantity  and  value  was  ascertained  by  him  in  accordance  with  the  rules  prescribed 
by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  and  that  the  same  were  correctly  ascertained. 

We  also  find  that  the  collector  classified  said  wool  as  of  the  third  class  and  valued 
at  less  than  13  cents  per  pound,  levying  duty  thereon  at  32  per  cent  ad  valorem, 
under  the  provisions  of  paragraph  385,  N.  T.  Upon  these  findings,  we  hold  that  the 
contentions  in  this  protest  can  not  be  sustained. 

The  protest  is  overruled  and  the  action  of  the  collector  is  affirmed.  (1 135*7 — 
O.  A.,  640.) 


New  York,  June  11, 1891. 

Endless  felts  and  jackets  for  printing  machines. — In  the  present  case  the 
merchandise  is  invoiced  as  jackets,  jacketing,  and  press  felt,  upon  which  the  col- 
lector assessed  duty  at  44  cents  per  pound  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  para- 
graph 392,  act  of  October  1,  1890. 

The  importers  claim  the  goods  are  blankets,  and,  as  such,  are  provided  for  under 
paragraph  393  of  the  said  act. 

The  appraiser  in  his  report  to  the  collector  says: 

The  merchandise  in  question  consists  of  so-called  jackets  and  jacketing,  woven 
fabrics  of  wool,  cylindriform,  in  usual  diameters  of  14  and  18  inches.  The  use  of 
the  article  is  for  covering  the  so-called  "  couch  rolls"  or  "  metallic  rollers  "  connected 
with  the  paper-making  machine,  through  which  pulp  is  passed  for  purposes  of  forcing 
out  the  water  and  rendering  it  compact.  The  jackets  are  completed  articles,  made 
in  suitable  sizes  for  the  rolls.  The  jacketing  is  similarly  made,  but  in  lengths  of 
50  to  70  feet,  to  be  sold  in  lengths  cut  to  fit  the  machine. 

Samples  representing  the  merchandise  in  question  show  the  jackets  and  jacketing 
to  be  a  woven  fabric  of  wool,  about  one-fourth  of  an  inch  thick,  and  of  great  density. 
The  press  felt  is  also  a  woven  fabric  of  wool,  but  of  less  thickness  and  more  flexibility 
than  the  jackets  or  jacketing. 

At  a  hearing  accorded  the  protestant  importers  of  similar  goods  appeared  before 
us  and  testified  relative  to  the  trade  designation  and  use  of  the  articles  in  question. 
From  the  testimony  we  find  the  following  facts:  The  articles  invoiced  as  jackets  and 
jacketing  are  cylindriform  woven  fabrics  composed  of  wool.  They  are  not  known 
commercially  as  blankets,  but  interchangeably  as  jackets,  jacketing,  couch-roll 
covers,  and  endless  felts. 

The  goods  invoiced  as  " press  felt"  are  known  to  the  trade  under  the  names  of 
belts,  machine  blankets,  press  blankets,  and  press  felts.  They  are  also  of  a  cylin- 
drical form,  and  are  woven  fabrics  composed  of  wool. 

Upon  this  finding,  we  hold  the  merchandise  was  properly  classified  as  a  manu- 
facture of  wool  not  specially  provided  for,  and  returned  for  duty  under  paragraph 
392,  N.  T. 

The  term  "  blankets,"  used  in  paragraph  393,  N.  T.,  is  descriptive  of  a  particular 
class  of  goods,  well  known  in  trade  and  commerce.  The  merchandise  in  question,  a 
portion  of  which  is  designated  as  machine  blankets  and  press  blankets,  does  not,  in 
our  opinion,  fall  within  the  particular  class  of  goods  referred  to  in  paragraph  393. 

We  have  reached  this  conclusion  from  the  evidence  of  expert  witnesses  and  a  care- 
ful consideration  of  former  tariff  legislation.  In  the  act  of  1883,  T.  I.,  363,  "  flannels, 
blankets,  hats  of  wool,  knit  goods,"  etc.,  were  provided  for  at  specified  rates  of  duty, 
and  in  T.  I.,  379,  "  endless  belts  or  felts  for  paper  or  printing  machines"  were  sub- 
jected to  another  rate  of  duty.    The  same  distinction  between  blankets  of  wool  and 


234 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


goods  like  those  in  question  existed  in  tariff  acts  prior  to  that  of  1883,  as  will  be  seen 
by  reference  to  sections  243  and  244,  T.  I.,  old.  The  act  of  October  1,  1890,  provided 
for  blankets  of  wool,  but  made  no  separate  provision  for  belts  or  felts  for  paper  or 
printing  machines.  It  follows  that  the  goods  in  question,  which  are  known  as  belts 
or  felts  for  paper  or  printing  machines,  not  being  provided  for  by  name,  fall  under 
paragraph  392,  N.  T.,  as  manufactures  of  wool  not  specially  provided  for. 
The  action  of  the  collector  is  affirmed.    (1 1  381 — O.  A.  66  1.) 


New  York,  June  11,  1891. 

Wool  on  Angora  goatskins. — The  importers  in  these  cases  were  notified  to 
appear  before  this  Board  on  June  5  and  show  cause,  if  any,  why  the  decision  of  the 
collector  should  not  be  sustained.  The  appellants,  Keen,  Sutterlee  &  Co.,  failed  to 
appear.  The  appellant  in  the  other  two  cases,  E.  R.  Lazarus,  appeared  in  person, 
but  offered  no  evidence  other  than  that  found  in  the  papers  in  the  cause. 

We  find,  the  following  facts  from  the  returns  of  the  appraiser  and  from  an  inspec- 
tion of  the  samples  of  merchandise  : 

(1)  That  the  goods  consist  of  Angora  goatskins,  with  the  hair  or  wool  thereon, 
valued  at  12  cents  per  pound. 

(2)  That  the  quantity  and  value  of  this  hair  or  wool  was  ascertained  by  the 
appraiser  under  the  rules  prescribed  for  this  purpose  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
ury. 

The  merchandise  was  returned  for  duty  as  belonging  to  wools  of  the  second  class, 
under  "  Schedule  K,"  paragraph  377,  and  was  assessed  accordingly,  under  paragraph 
384  of  the  new  tariff  act.    (Synor>sis  Treasury  Decisions  7206.) 

It  is  provided  by  paragraph  387  of  said  act  that  "  wools  on  the  skin  shall  pay  the 
same  rate  as  other  wools,  the  quantity  and  value  to  be  ascertained  under  such  rules 
as  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  may  prescribe." 

A  further  claim  made  by  the  protest,  also,  is  that  there  is  no  wool  on  the  skins 
and  that  "the  hair  in  the  entire  lot  does  not  amount  to  more  than  1,500  to  2,000 
pounds." 

The  main  contention  in  the  case  is  that  the  goods  are  free,  under  paragraph  605, 
which  puts  in  the  free  list  *  *  *  "Angora  goatskins,  ratv,  without  the  wool,  unman- 
ufactured, and  skins,  except  sheepskins,  with  the  wool  on." 

The  phrase  u  wools  on  the  skin,"  as  used  in  paragraph  387,  is  a  generic  one,  and 
must  be  construed  in  connection  with  paragraph  605  of  the  free  list,  and  the  other  par- 
agraphs in  pari  materia  found  in  "  Schedule  K,  wool  and  manufactures  of  wool."  The 
skin  of  the  Angora  goat  often  contains  both  wool  and  hair,  the  line  of  demarkation 
between  which  the  best  experts  find  it  difficult  to  pronounce  or  define.  The  word 
"  wools"  was  intended,  in  our  judgment,  to  include  any  mixture  of  wool  and  hair 
found  on  Angora  goatskins,  both  being  liable  to  the  same  duty  and  it  being  imprac- 
ticable to  separate  them  when  in  this  condition  in  making  an  estimate  of  the  rela- 
tive quantity  of  each. 

The  question  as  to  the  quantity  of  wool  or  hair  in  the  skins  under  consideration 
is  not  one  of  classification  or  rate  of  duty,  such  as  may  be  reviewed  by  us  in  protest, 
but  rather  of  valuation,  to  be  determined  by  reappraise™  en  t,  in  accordance  with  the 
requirements  of  section  13  of  the  customs  administrative  bill,  approved  June  10, 1890. 

The  decision  of  the  collector  is  in  accordance  Avith  these  views  and  is  affirmed. 
(11:185— G.  A.  6680 


New  York,  June  13,  1891. 
Worsted  dress  goods  (1883). — We  find  the  following  conclusions  of  fact  in  these 
cases : 

(1)  That  the  goods  covered  by  the  several  invoices  are  commercially  known  as 
"women's  and  children's  dress  goods,"  and  are  composed  in  part  of  wool  or  worsted, 
and  were  imported  prior  to  October  1,  1890. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


235 


(2)  That  said  goods  have  no  selvages  or  threads  made  of  cotton  or  any  other 
material  than  wool  or  worsted. 

(3)  That  said  goods  contain  a  percentage  of  cotton,  varying  from  2-30  to  5'78  per 
cent,  which  was  carded  in  with  the  wool  from  which  the  yarn  composing  the  warp 
of  the  goods  was  spun.  Exhibit  A,  attached  to  the  testimony  of  the  witness,  James 
H.  Stebbins,  jr.,  is  found  to  be  a  correct  statement  of  the  amount  of  cotton,  ascer- 
tained by  chemical  analysis,  to  be  found  in  each  of  the  samples  furnished,  which 
samples  correctly  represent  the  quality  and  kind  of  goods  under  consideration. 

(4)  That  the  value  of  said  goods  per  square  yard,  in  each  case,  is  correctly  found 
by  the  local  appraiser,  and  that  they  weigh  less  than  1  ounces  to  the  square  yard. 

Under  this  state  of  facts,  the  cases  are  brought  within  the  ruling  of  the  United 
States  Supreme  Court  in  the  "woolen  dress  goods"  cases  recently  decided,  Seeberger 
v.  Farwell,  11  Sup.  Ct.  Rep.,  650,  and  Magone  v.  Luckemeyer,  Id.,  651.  The  goods 
under  consideration  are  of  the  same  kind  as  those  involved  in  the  cases  cited.  On 
the  authority  of  those  decisions  we  hold  that  the  goods  are  "  composed  in  part"  of 
wool  or  worsted,  and  in  part  of  cotton,  and  are  dutiable  as  follows :  (1)  Those  valued 
at  not  exceeding  20  cents  per  square  yard,  at  5  cents  per  square  yard,  and,  in  addition 
thereto,  35  per  cent  ad  valorem;  and  (2)  those  valued  at  above  20  cents  per  square 
yard,  7  cents  per  square  yard  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem.  (Tariff  act  1883,  para- 
graph 365.) 

The  decision  of  the  collector  in  each  case  is  reversed,  and  he  is  authorized  to 
reliquidate  the  duties  accordingly. 

As  to  the  importations  covered  by  protests  numbered  187a  and  188a,  it  is  made 
to  appear  that  the  goods  contain  silk  as  the  component  material  of  chief  value. 
They  therefore  fall  within  the  purview  of  the  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court  in 
Hartranft  v.  Meyer,  135  U.  S.,  237,  and  the  protests  are  sustained  accordingly. 
(11391— O.  A.,  <>7<1.) 


'STew  York,  June  19,  1891. 
Pulled  wool  dutiable  as  scourkd. — The  report  of  the  appraiser  states— and 
we  so  lind — that  the  importation  under  consideration,  which  is  invoiced  as  "  10  bales 
Australian  pulled  wool/7  is  Montevideo  merino  wrool,  and  falls  under  u  class  1"  (para- 
graph 376)  of  the  wool  schedule  of  the  new  tariff  act.  The  duty  on  such  wools, 
imported  in  ordinary  or  unwashed  condition,  is  fixed  at  11  cents  per  pound  (para- 
graph 384). 

Paragraph  381  of  said  act  provides,  however,  that  "  the  duty  on  wools  of  the  first 
class  which  shall  be  imported  washed  shall  be  twice  the  amount  of  the  duty  to  which 
they  would  be  subjected  if  imported  unwashed;  and  the  duty  on  wrools  of  the  first 
and  second  classes  which  shall  be  imported  scoured  shall  be  three  times  the  duty  to 
which  they  would  be  if  imported  unwashed." 

A  similar  provision  occurred  in  paragraph  356  of  the  tariff  act  of  1883.  The  pur- 
pose of  these  clauses,  as  observed  by  the  United  States  Supreme  Court  in  Arthur  v. 
Paster  (109  U.  S.,  139),  was  "  to  vary  the  amount  of  duty  on  wools  according  to  the 
degree  to  which  a  given  quantity  has  been  freed,  by  process  of  cleansing,  from  the 
dirt  and  foreign  matter  with  which  in  its  unwashed  state  it  is  usually  found." 

The  act  of  1883  did  not  undertake  to  define  washed  and  scoured  wool,  but  left 
these  terms  open  for  construction  according  to  the  trade  designations.  The  act  of 
October  1,  1890,  does  define  these  terms  generally  in  paragraph  382  as  follows : 

Unwashed  wools  shall  be  considered  such  as  shall  have  been  shorn  from  the  sheep 
without  any  cleansing;  that  is,  in  their  natural  condition.  Washed  wools  shall  be 
considered  such  as  have  been  washed  with  water  on  the  sheep's  back.  Wool  washed 
in  any  other  manner  than  on  the  sheep's  hack  shall  he  considered  as  scoured  wool. 

If  this  wool  is  washed,  and  such  cleansing  is  done  "  in  any  other  manner  than  on 
the  sheep's  back,"  the  law  declares  it  "  shall  be  considered  scoured  wool." 


236 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


The  importers  make  the  following  admission  in  their  protest :  "  We  claim  that  this 
wool  is  obtained  by  pulling  from  the  skins  or  pelts  of  slaughtered  sheep.  Said  pelts 
are  simply  spouted  with  cold  water,  so  far  as  any  cleansing  process  relating  to  the  wool 
is  concerned.77  Their  contention  is  that  the  legal  rate  of  duty  is  22  cents  per  pound, 
as  a  washed  wool. 

Assuming  the  above  admission  to  be  true,  the  cleansing  was  clearly  done  other- 
wise than  on  the  sheep's  back. 

Hence  it  must  be  classified,  under  said  paragraph  382,  as  "scoured  wool,"  and  not 
as  washed,  and  is  subject  to  three  times  the  rate  prescribed  for  unwashed  wool  of  the 
first  class. 

The  collector  correctly  assessed  the  article  at  33  cents,  and  his  decision  is  affirmed. 
(11400— «.  A.  6§3.) 


Treasury  Department,  July  1,  1891. 
Skirted  wools. — Referring  to  a  paragraph  in  a  letter  addressed  by  yourself  and 
the  Hon.  Columbus  Delano  to  the  Department,  under  date  of  the  1st  ultimo,  in  which 
you  refer  to  the  provision  for  skirted  wools,  in  paragraph  383,  act  of  October  1. 1890, 
I  have  to  inform  you  that  the  Department,  upon  inquiry,  is  advised  by  the  collectors 
of  customs  at  New  York,  Philadelphia,  and  Boston  that  the  following  wools,  besides 
Australian  wools,  were  imported  skirted  prior  to  the  passage  of  the  act  of  October 
1,  1890,  viz:  Cape  of  Good  Hope  wool;  French  wool;  German  wool;  Russian  wool; 
Spanish  wool;  Saxony  wool;  Silesia  wool;  Montevideo  wool;  Buenos  Ayres  wool; 
Damascus  wool ;  Smyrna  wool;  Aleppo  wool;  Angora  wool;  Salonica  wool ;  alpaca, 
Adrianople,  Egyptian,  Turkey,  and  Russian  Donskoi  combing  wools;  that  English 
and  Irish  wools  were  sold  skirted  or  unskirted  at  the  option  of  the  purchaser,  and 
that  Syrian  wools  were  sometimes  imported  skirted.    ( 1 1429.) 


Treasury  Department,  July  16, 1891. 

Samples  oe  wool  used  in  a  suit. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of 
the  10th  instant,  in  which  you  state  that  George  W.  Patton,  the  defendant  in  the 
case  of  the  United  States  v.  George  W.  Patton  &  Co.,  against  whom  a  verdict  was 
recovered  at  the  last  session  of  the  district  court  for  the  eastern  district  of  Pennsyl- 
vania for  $10,887.26,  being  the  amount  of  duty  assessed  on  two  importations  of  alleged 
wool  waste,  has  requested  that  two  sample  bales  held  at  the  appraiser's  store  in  the 
city  of  New  York,  one  ex  Wyoming  and  one  ex  Spain,  maybe  returned  to  him  so  that 
the  same  may  be  used  or  sold. 

You  report  that  Mr.  Patton  has  appealed  the  case  to  the  Supreme  Court,  wrhere  it 
is  now  pending,  and  has  given  ample  security  for  the  payment  of  the  whole  amount 
of  the  Government's  claim,  with  costs  of  suit,  and  you  state  that  you  see  no  reason 
why  his  request  should  not  be  granted,  as  you  have  in  your  possession  two  adequate 
samples  of  the  importation  which  were  recognized  in  the  suit  which  was  lately  tried, 
and  that  as  the  case  will  not  probably  be  determined  for  three  or  four  years,  the  two 
sample  bales  at  the  end  of  that  time  would  be  of  no  value  to  him  or  any  one  else. 

In  reply  I  have  to  inform  you  that,  in  view  of  the  facts  stated  by  you,  the  Depart- 
ment sees  no  objection  to  the  delivery  of  said  bales  to  their  owner,  and  as  they 
appear  to  be  held  by  the  collector  at  New  York  subject  to  your  orders,  in  view  of  the 
pending  suit,  the  necessary  instructions  should  be  given  by  you  to  that  officer 
(11407.) 


New  York,  July  7, 1891. 
Degras  or  brown  wool  gpease. — The  merchandise  is  invoiced  as  "  60  casks  of 
wool  grease,"  and  was  imported  October  21,  1861.    It  was  returned  by  the  wool 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


237 


apx>raiser  as  "  brown  wool  grease,"  and  was  classified  by  the  collector  and  assessed 
under  paragraph  316  of  the  new  tariff  act,  the  last  clause  of  which  reads  as  follows : 
"Wool  grease  including  that  known  commercially  as  degras  or  brown  wool  grease, 
one-half  of  1  cent  per  pound." 

The  protestants  contend  that  the  article  is  free,  under  paragraph  599  of  the  free 
list,  which  reads  as  follows : 

599.  Grease  and  oils,  such  as  are  commonly  used  in  soap  making  or  in  wire  draw- 
ing, or  for  stuffing  or  dressing  leather,  and  which  are  fit  only  for  such  uses,  not 
specially  provided  for  in  this  act. 

The  importers  in  this  case  were  cited  to  appear  on  a  day  fixed  for  a  hearing  of  the 
cause,  but  made  default,  and  came  not  by  attorney  or  in  person. 

We  have,  however,  taken  the  testimony  of  one  witness,  who  deals  in  the  article 
under  consideration,  and  he  testifies  that  the  sample  shown  him  is,  without  doubt, 
"  degras"  or  "brown  wool  grease,"  and  we  so  find,  in  accordance  with  the  return 
made  by  the  local  appraiser.  It  was  formerly  held  to  be  classifiable  under  paragraph 
437  of  the  tariff  act  of  1883  as  "grease,  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for, 
in  that  act,  and  was  assessed  at  10  per  cent  ad  valorem.  (Miller  v.  Seeberger,  44 
Fed.  Rep.,  261.)  Under  the  present  law  it  is  specially  enumerated  by  name  in 
paragraph  316,  and  is  therefore  excluded  from  the  class  of  "grease"  made  free  in 
paragraph  599,  although  used  for  the  purposes  there  stated.    (G.  A.  373.) 

The  collector's  decision  is  affirmed.    (11561 — O.  A.  ^  36.) 


New  York,  July  25,  1891. 

Silk  and  wool  upholstery  goods. — The  merchandise  covered  by  the  protest  in 
the  present  case  was  returned  by  the  appraiser  as  manufactures  of  wool  costing 
above  80  cents  per  pound.  Duty  was  assessed  upon  the  same  at  35  cents  per  pound 
and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  in  accordance  with  the  appropriate  provision  of  T.  I., 
new  362.  The  importer  claims  that  "  the  merchandise  is  upholstery  goods,  com- 
posed of  silk  and  wool  and  silk  and  worsted,  respectively,  in  both  of  which  fabrics 
silk  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value." 

The  board  submitted  samples  of  the  merchandise  to  the  chemist  in  charge  of  the 
United  States  laboratory  at  this  port,  for  quantitative  analysis  and  report  as  to  the 
relative  value  of  the  several  component  parts  thereof. 

This  officer,  after  recording  the  result  of  his  analysis,  says:  "The  silk  in  both 
samples  is  of  excellent  quality,  while  the  wool  belongs  to  a  medium  grade.  If  the 
question  of  the  component  of  chief  value  is  the  object  of  the  analysis,  it  is  evident 
that  silk  in  the  quantity  found  in  each  sample  constitutes  the  most  expensive 
material." 

We  find  as  facts — 

(1)  That  the  merchandise  is  composed  of  silk  and  wool,  and  silk,  wool,  and  cooton, 
respectively. 

(2)  That  the  goods  are  manufactures  of  silk  or  of  which  silk  is  the  component 
material  of  chief  value,  and  we  hold  that  they  are  more  specifically  enumerated  and 
provided  for  in  paragraph  383  (Heyl's  Compilation)  than  elsewhere  in  the  act  of 
March  3,  1883. 

The  protest  is  sustained.    (1 1602— O.  A.  798.) 


New  York,  July  29,  1891. 

Astrachaxs.— The  merchandise  was  imported  under  the  tariff  act  of  1883,  and  is 
described  in  the  invoice  as  gray  and  black  astrachans,  which  we  find  to  be  the  proper 
commercial  designation  of  the  goods. 

They  were  classified,  under  paragraph  362  of  the  act  of  1883,  as  woolen  cloth  val- 
ued at  not  exceeding  80  cents  per  pound,  and  assessed  for  duty  at  35  cents  per  pound 


238 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


and  35  per  centum  ad  valorem,  the  collector  deciding  that  they  were  covered  by  the 
act  of  May  9,  1890. 

The  collector  reports  that  samples  of  similar  goods  were  submitted  to  the  confer- 
ence of  local  appraisers  in  October,  1889,  who  were  unanimously  of  the  opinion  that 
the  proper  classification  fell  under  paragraph  363. 

An  indorsement  on  the  protest  from  the  collector's  office  calls  for  a  special  report 
in  writing  descriptive  of  the  goods,  but  no  such  report  and  no  samples  are  forwarded. 

The  appraiser,  on  the  invoice,  described  the  importation  as  "  wool  cloth, "  and  the 
examiner,  who  had  the  goods  before  him,  was  of  opinion  that  the  astrachan  cloth 
referred  to  was  not  removed  from  the  category  of  worsted,  adding  that  astrachans 
are  generally  used  for  trimming  purposes  and  for  ladies'  and  children's  jackets,  while 
the  wool  cloths  are  used  in  the  manufacture  of  men's  and  boys'  clothing. 

The  importers  claim  that  the  goods  are  improperly  classified  as  woolen  cloth  and 
should  be  assessed  as  manufactures  of  worsted,  under  paragraph  363. 

The  Department  held,  June  20,  1890,  in  the  case  where  the  force  of  the  classifying 
act  of  May  9,  1890,  was  invoked  by  the  appraiser  in  regard  to  certain  " portieres" 
or  "  hangings/7  that  the  term  "  cloths  "  has  a  technical  and  restricted  signification, 
and  can  be  properly  applied  only  to  the  thicker  and  heavier  fabrics  of  wool,  which 
are  so  finished  and  close  as  to  be  adapted  for  use  by  the  tailor  or  clothier  in  the  man- 
ufacture of  garments  for  men  or  boys.    (Synopsis  10078.) 

In  a  case  before  this  board  in  May  last  it  was  held  that  a  worsted  fabric  known  as 
"moreens,"  while  composed  of  combed  wool  known  as  worsted,  is  not  what  is  com- 
mercially known  as  a  worsted  cloth,  but  that  it  partakes  of  the  nature  of  dress  goods 
rather  than  cloth  and  has  a  popular  and  fixed  designation. 

We  hold  that  the  act  of  May  9,  1890,  was  intended  to  apply  to  worsted  cloths  that 
assimilate  to  woolen  cloths  in  quality,  texture,  and  uses,  and  that  astrachans  do  not 
so  assimilate.  They  have  specific  designation  and  they  are  not  removed  from  para- 
graph 363,  because  they  are  not  recognized  as  cloths  nor  are  they  used  for  the  same 
purposes  as  the  woolen  cloths  referred  to  in  paragraph  362. 

The  protest  is  sustained  and  a  reliquidation  is  authorized.  (HCIS— C*.  A. 
7S8.) 


New  York,  August  6, 1891. 
Water-proof  fabrics. — The  special  report  of  the  appraiser  relative  to  the  goods 
in  question  is  as  follows: 

The  merchandise  consists  in  part  of  plaid  cotton  cloth  heavily  proofed  with  a 
preparation  of  India  rubber,  cotton  chief  value,  and  two  different  patterns  of  plaid 
cotton  cloth  stuck  together  with  prepared  India  rubber,  making  what  is  known  as 
double  texture.  In  this  fabric  cotton  is  also  the  component  material  of  chief  value. 
Both  of  the  above-described  textiles  were  returned  as  manufactures  of  cotton  not 
specially  provided  for,  under  paragraph  355,  act  of  October  1,  1890,  in  accordance 
with  the  principles  contained  in  the  decision  of  the  United  States  circuit  court  in 
the  case  of  Schneider  v.  Arthur  (Synopsis  4565,  June  7,  1880).  The  importer  claims 
that  India  rubber  is  the  component  of  chief  value  in  this  merchandise.  In  his  com- 
putation he  has  evidently  omitted  to  take  into  account  the  adulterations  of  the  India 
rubber  and  the  chemicals  used  to  soften  it  so  that  it  could  be  applied  to  the  cotton 
cloth.  He  has  omitted  to  distribute  the  cost  of  the  labor  employed  in  applying  this 
preparation  of  India  rubber  between  the  components.  Adding  to  the  cotton  cloth 
the  pro  rata  proportion  of  cost  of  such  labor  would  certainly,  to  my  mind,  make 
cotton  chief  value.  This  merchandise  resembles  cotton  cloth  more  than  it  does  man- 
ufacture of  India  rubber.  If  it  resembles  equally  cotton  cloth  and  manufacture  of 
India  rubber,  then  the  assessment  should  be  at  the  higher  or  cotton  rate,  as  made; 
see  section  5,  act  of  October  1,  1890. 

The  balance  of  the  merchandise  consisted  in  part  of  woolen  cloth  and  cotton  cloth 
pasted  together  with  India-rubber  preparation,  so  as  to  make  a  double-texture  cloth 
and  of  two  qualities  of  woolen  cloth  similarly  joined  together,  which  were  returned 
for  duty  as  woolen  cloth,  under  paragraph  392,  act  of  October  1,  1890.  Under  this 
paragraph  they  are  more  specifically  enumerated  than  under  paragraph  460,  inas- 
much as  India  rubber  is  not  the  component  material  of  chief  value.  This  merchant 
dise  is  used  in  the  manufacture  of  water-proof  garments,  and  attention  is  directed  to 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


239 


the  proviso  to  paragraph  349  for  cotton  and  India-rubber  clothing.  I  would  also 
invite  attention  to  the  provision  for  "  water-proof  cloth,"  contained  in  paragraph 
369.  The  commercial  designation  of  this  merchandise  is  variously  single  textures, 
double  textures,  "  Macintosh  cloth,"  and  sometimes  "  water-proof  cloth." 

The  report  of  the  appraiser  is  given  in  full,  as  it  contains  a  description  of  the  mer- 
chandise and  all  the  points  contended  for  by  the  Government,  relative  to  the  duti- 
able character  thereof. 

The  importer  claims  that  the  fabrics  contained  in  parcels  71  and  72,  as  designated 
in  the  invoice,  are  composed  of  India  rubber  and  cotton,  of  which  materials  India 
rubber  is  the  greater  in  value,  and  that  the  goods  contained  in  parcels  73  and  74  are 
composed  of  India  rubber,  cotton,  and  wool,  in  the  first  of  which  fabrics  India  rub- 
ber is  the  component  material  of  chief  value,  and  in  the  other,  although  while  admit- 
ting that  wool  is  of  more  value  than  India  rubber  or  cotton,  it  is  held  that,  inasmuch 
as  India  rubber  is  the  significant  feature  of  the  goods,  this  substance  controls  the 
classification  thereof.  Based  upon  the  above  claim,  it  is  contended  by  the  appellant 
that  duty  should  have  been  assessed  upon  all  of  the  merchandise  at  30  per  cent  ad 
valorem,  under  paragraph  460,  N.  T.  A  representative  of  the  manufacturer  of  the 
goods  in  question  appeared  before  the  board  and  submitted  a  sworn  statement  as  to 
the  relative  value  of  the  different  materials  entering  into  the  fabrication.  Manu- 
facturers of  domestic  India-rubber  fabrics  were  also  present  and  testified  as  to  the 
value  of  crude  India  rubber.  A  quantitative  analysis  of  samples  representing  the 
merchandise  was,  at  our  request,  made  by  Dr.  Baker,  connected  with  the  United 
States  laboratory  at  New  York.  Based  upon  this  analysis,  the  amount  of  pure  India 
rubber  found  to  be  contained  in  the  several  kinds  and  qualities  of  merchandise, 
when  valued  at  the  price  per  pound  fixed  by  the  domestic  manufacturers  referred 
to,  tends  to  confirm  the  statement  of  the  maker  of  the  goods. 

We  therefore  find  as  facts — 

That  the  fabrics  contained  in  parcels  71  and  72  are  composed  of  India  rubber  and 
cotton,  of  which  materials  India  rubber  is  the  component  of  chief  value.  That  the 
merchandise  contained  in  parcel  73  is  composed  of  India  rubber,  cotton,  and  wool, 
and  that  India  rubber  forms  the  component  material  of  chief  value  thereof;  and 
that  the  goods  contained  in  parcel  74  are  composed  of  India  rubber,  cotton,  and  wool, 
and  that  in  these  fabrics  the  wool  constitutes  the  component  material  of  chief  value. 
We  further  find  that  the  goods  are  India-rubber  fabrics,  and  are  not  the  water-proof 
cloth  provided  for  in  paragraph  369.  We  hold  that  the  portion  of  the  merchandise 
of  which  India  rubber  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value  is  more  specifically 
provided  for  in  paragraph  460,  N.  T.,  than  elsewhere  in  the  act.  The  protest  is 
accordingly  sustained  as  to  the  goods  contained  in  parcels  71,  72,  and  73,  and  the 
action  of  the  collector  is  affirmed  as  to  the  goods  contained  in  parcel  74,  of  which 
wool  constitutes  the  component  material  of  chief  value.    (IIO'S'O — Cr.  A.  504L) 


New  York,  August  26,  1891. 

Scapularies  part  wool. — *  *  *  Concerning  the  remainder  of  the  merchandise, 
an  inspection  of  a  sample  thereof  shows  it  to  be  composed  of  ten  pieces  of  flannel  of 
wool,  each  piece  2\  inches  long  and  2  inches  wide.  There  is  a  division  of  these 
pieces  into  two  sets,  each  set  containing  five  pieces,  which  are  stitched  together  upon 
the  upper  edge  thereof,  and  the  sets  joined  together  by  two  pieces  of  red  woolen 
braid,  the  whole  forming  religious  articles  of  devot  ion  known  as  a  pair  of  scapularies. 
Upon  the  outer  surface  of  one  portion  of  the  scapularies  there  is  stitched  a  represen- 
tation of  our  Saviour's  passion,  and  on  the  other  the  sacred  heart  of  Christ,  both 
representations  printed  on  cotton  cloth. 

In  G.  A.  425  the  board  held  that  similar  representations  printed  upon  cotton  cloth 
separately  imported  were  dutiable  as  printed  matter.  In  the  present  case,  however, 
the  printed  matter  is  a  portion  of  a  completed  article  and  is  merely  an  incidental 
feature  thereof. 


240 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


We  find  the  scapularies  are  manufactures  made  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool.  The 
claim  of  the  importers  that  duty  should  have  been  assessed  upon  this  portion  of  the 
merchandise  at  25  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  423,  N.  T.,  is  overruled, 
and  the  action  of  the  collector  relative  thereto  affirmed.    (11  §42 — I*5.  A.  833.) 


New  York,  August  26,  189f. 

Russian  wool — Paper  rubles  of  Russia. — We  find  as  facts  in  the  present  case 
that  on  or  about  the  26th  day  of  September,  1890,  there  were  shipped  from  Moscow, 
Russia,  115  bales  of  class  3  wool,  invoiced  at  5|  paper  rubles  per  pood.  Entry  was 
made  at  the  port  of  Philadelphia  on  the  20th  day  of  October,  1890. 

Attached  to  the  invoice  is  a  certificate  of  the  U.  S.  vice-consul  at  Moscow  to  the 
effect  that  "the  true  market  value  of  the  currency,  paper  rubles  of  Russia,  in  which 
currency  the  invoice  of  merchandise  in  question  is  made  out,  is  60.15  cents  esti- 
mated in  United  States  gold  dollars,  as  indicated  by  the  latest  quotations  at  St. 
Petersburg,  of  sight  draft  on  London,  viz,  29§|d.  sterling." 

The  action  of  the  collector  is  set  forth  in  the  following  official  report  to  the  board : 

The  assessment  of  duty  upon  the  merchandise  at  32  per  cent  ad  valorem,  as  pro- 
vided in  paragraph  385,  act  of  October  1,  1890,  for  class  3  wool  costing  less  than  13 
cents  per  pound,  was  based  upon  a  valuation  of  $0.68  per  Russian  ruble,  in  accord- 
ance with  Department's  ruling  of  October  1,  1890.    (Synopsis  10263.) 

The  return  made  on  the  invoice  by  the  appraiser  was  "  value  correct  to  9.18  cents 
per  pound,"  and  in  a  special  report  to  the  collector  he  wrote,  "I  beg  to  say  that  the 
value  of  the  wool  as  returned  by  this  office  was  based  on  its  value  at  the  time  of 
shipment,  and  not  at  the  time  of  arrival,  which  value  was  based  upon  the  declara- 
tion of  the  consul  that  the  ruble  was  worth  60.15  cents."  The  appellants  claim  that 
the  amount  of  duties  chargeable  upon  the  merchandise  should  have  been  estimated 
in  accordance  with  the  appraiser's  return. 

The  points  at  issue  in  the  present  case  are: 

(1)  What  was  the  equivalent  in  the  gold  dollars  of  the  United  States  of  the  paper 
ruble  of  Russia? 

(2)  Should  the  value  of  the  paper  ruble  have  been  estimated  at  the  time  of  ship- 
ment of  the  merchandise  or  at  the  date  of  entry  thereof  ? 

As  to  the  second  point,  we  hold  that  the  local  appraiser  exhausted  all  the  powers 
vested  in  hirn  by  law  when,  in  addition  to  an  advisory  classification,  he  made  return 
on  the  invoice  as  to  the  quantity  and  character  of  the  merchandise  and  the  actual 
market  value  thereof  at  the  date  of  shipment  in  paper  rubles,  the  currency  stated  in 
the  invoice  and  alleged  by  the  importers  to  have  been  paid  for  the  goods. 

It  was  exclusively  the  duty  of  the  collector  at  the  date  of  entry  to  have  reduced  to 
its  equivalent  in  gold  dollars  of  the  United  States  the  invoiced  and  entered  amount  in 
paper  rubles,  and  to  have  estimated  the  amount  of  duty  chargeable  thereon. 

We  proceed  to  a  consideration  of  the  question :  What  was  the  monetary  value  of 
the  paper  ruble  of  Russia  at  the  date  of  entry  ?  The  statutes  bearing  upon  this  sub- 
ject are  section  52,  act  of  October  1,  1890,  which  makes  provision  for  the  manner  of 
estimating  the  value  of  foreign  coins,  and  section  2903,  Revised  Statutes,  which  pro- 
vides that  "  the  President  may  cause  to  be  established  fit  and  proper  regulations 
for  estimating  the  duties  on  merchandise  imported  into  the  United  States  in  respect 
to  which  the  original  cost  shall  be  exhibited  in  a  depreciated  currency  issued  and 
circulated  under  authority  of  any  government."  It  must  be  borne  in  mind,  in  con- 
nection with  this  statute,  first,  that  the  President  can  not  fix  an  arbitrary  value  to 
the  depreciated  foreign  currency  without  regard  to  its  intrinsic  value  as  compared 
with  our  money ;  and,  second,  that  instructions  given  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
relative  to  the  value  of  a  depreciated  currency,  either  by  general  circulars  to  col- 
lectors, or  by  specific  directions  in  a  particular  case,  are  in  law  to  be  regarded  as 
regulations  established  by  the  President  in  that  behalf. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


241 


Article  1294  of  the  General  Regulations  of  tlio  Treasury  Department  for  1884 
directs  that  "when  the  standard  value  of  foreign  currency  is  undetermined,  a  con- 
sular certificate  must  be  indorsed  upon  or  securely  attached  to  the  invoice,  in  accord- 
ance with  form  311." 

The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  in  synoptical  decision  7398,  dated  March  8,  1886, 
advises  that  entry  of  merchandise  shipped  from  Russia  shall  be  refused,  unless  the 
invoice  covering  the  same  is  made  out  \\\  paper  rubles,  and  is  accompanied  by  a  con- 
sular certificate  giving  the  value  thereof,  estimated  in  United  States  gold  dollars,  as 
indicated  by  the  latest  quotations  at  St.  Petersburg  of  sight  drafts  in  sterling  on 
London. 

The  certificate  of  the  U.  S.  consul,  attached  to  the  invoice  under  consideration, 
was  made  in  the  form  prescribed  above,  and  up  t )  the  date  of  the  entry,  October  20, 
1890,  covered  by  this  protest,  as  far  as  we  have  been  able  to  discover,  there  have 
been  no  regulations  of  a  conflicting  nature  issued  by  the  President. 

It  is  true  that  paper  currency  is  merely  a  promise  to  redeem  the  face  value  thereof 
in  the  standard  coin  of  the  country  issuing  the  same,  and  that  the  value  of  such 
standard  coin,  as  estimated  by  the  Director  of  the  Mint  and  proclaimed  by  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Treasury,  must  be  accepted  in  estimating  the  amount  of  duties  charge- 
able on  imported  merchandise,  when  the  paper  currency  with  which  the  merchandise 
was  purchased  has  a  greater  value,  as  compared  with  our  money,  than  the  standard 
coin  it  represents. 

This  rule,  however,  does  not  apply  to  paper  currency  which  is  redeemable  only  at 
a  discount.  Such  paper  currency  then  becomes  a  depreciated  currency.  It  is  also 
true  that  the  certificate  of  the  consul  is  merely  prime  facie  evidence  as  to  the  actual 
value  of  a  depreciated  currency ;  but  in  the  present  case  the  evidence  is  to  be  taken 
as  conclusive,  as  it  is  not  controverted  by  the  appellants. 

We  find  as  facts : 

(1)  That  the  value  of  the  merchandise  was  correctly  stated  in  Russia  paper  rubles. 

(2)  That  the  paper  ruble  is  a  depreciated  currency  issued  and  circulated  under  the 
authority  of  Russia. 

(3)  That  by  regulations  established  by  the  President  the  value  of  the  paper  ruble 
at  the  date  of  entry  of  the  merchandise  in  question  was  $0.6015. 

We  hold  that  the  claim  of  the  appellants  was  well  taken,  and.  the  protest  is  sus- 
tained.   (11847— O.  A.  §3§.) 


New  Yot?k,  August  28,  1891. 

Cottonettes. — The  importers  of  the  merchandise  in  question  say:  "  We  protest 
against  the  assessment  and  liquidation  of  duty  upon  one  bale  of  cottonette.  We 
claim  that  your  classification  of  said,  merchandise  as  woolen  cloth  dutiable  at  50 
per  cent  ad  valorem  and  44  cents  per  pound  under  paragraph  392,  act  of  October  1, 
1890  is  erroneous,  and  that  said  merchandise  should  be  classified  as  manufactures  of 
cotton  not  specially  enumerated,  or  provided  for,  and  dutiable  at  40  per  cent  ad 
valorem,  under  paragraph  355,  N.  T.,  for  the  reason  that  cotton  is  the  component 
part  of  chief  value,  a  very  small  percentage  of  the  goods  being  wool." 

The  official  sample  of  the  material  accompanying  the  protest  and  papers  in  tho 
case  was,  at  the  request  of  the  board,  the  subject  of  a  quantitative  analysis  by  the 
chemist  in  charge  of  the  U.  S.  laboratory  at  New  York. 

This  officer  reports  as  follows  relative  thereto : 

Quality  of  wool  as  worsted  in  colored  condition,  31*94  per  cent;  quality  of  cotton 
in  colored  condition,  68*06  per  cent. 

Based  upon  the  above  analysis,  together  with  the  testimony  of  expert  witnesses, 
who  examined  the  sample  referred  to,  we  find  as  facts  concerning  the  merchandise 
In  question : 

H.  Mis.  94  16 


242 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


That  it  is  composed  of  cotton  and  wool,  of  which  materials  cotton  forms  the  prin- 
cipal part  in  quantity  and  wool  the  component  of  chief  value. 

We  hold  that  duty  was  properly  assessed  upon  the  good* in  accordance  with  the 
provisions  of  paragraph  392,  N.  T. 

The  protest  is  overruled  and  the  action  of  the  collector  affirmed.  (1 1  853— G. 
A.  844.) 


New  York,  September  8,  1891. 
Flannels  dutiable  as  women's  and  children's  dress  goods.— The  report 
of  the  appraiser  relative  to  the  merchandise  covered  by  the  protest  in  the  present 
case  is  as  follows : 

The  goods  are  wool  flannels,  weighing  over  4  ounces  to  the  square  yard,  measuring 
over  57  inches  in  width,  and  costing  over  50  cents  per  pound.  They  were  returned 
for  duty  as  all-wool  flannels  at  44  cents  per  pound  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under 
paragraphs  393  and  395,  act  October  1, 1890. 

The  importers  in  their  protest  say:  "We  claim  the  goods  in  question  are  specially 
provided  for  as  similar  description  to  women's  dress  goods,  under  paragraph  395, 
N.  T." 

We  find  as  facts  on  the  face  of  the  papers  that  the  merchandise  is  flannel  composed 
wholly  of  wool,  valued  at  above  50  cents  per  pound  and  weighing  over  4  ounces  to 
the  square  yard. 

The  portions  of  the  two  paragraphs  bearing  upon  the  question  at  issue  are: 

393.  Flannels  composed  wholly  or  iu  part  of  wool,  *  *  *  valued  at  above  50 
cents  per  pound,  shall  be  classified  and  pay  the  same  duty  as  women's  and  children's 
dress  goods  and  goods  of  similar  character  and  description  provided  by  this  act. 

395.  On  women's  and  children's  dress  goods  *  *  *  composed  wholly  or  in 
part  of  wool  *  *  *  the  duty  shall  be  12  cents  per  square  yard  and,  in  addition 
thereto,  50  per  cent  ad  valorem:  Provided,  That  on  all  such  goods  weighing  over  4 
ounces  per  square  yard  the  duty  per  pound  shall  be  four  times  the  duty  imposed  by 
this  act  on  a  pound  of  unwashed  wool  of  the  first  class,  and  in  addition  thereto,  50 
per  cent  ad  valorem. 

In  accordance  with  the  above  provisions  the  flannels  of  wool  were  classified  as 
women's  and  children's  dress  goods,  and,  inasmuch  as  they  weighed  over  4  ounces 
per  square  yard,  the  rate  of  duty  prescribed  by  the  proviso  attached  to  paragraph 
395  was  held  to  be  applicable  to,  and  was  assessed  upon,  the  goods  in  question. 

It  is  inferred  that  the  contention  of  the  importer  is  that  the  merchandise  is  subject 
to  only  the  rate  of  duty  provided  in  the  first  clause  of  paragraph  395  for  women's 
and  children's  dress  goods. 

This  contention  we  hold  to  be  not  well  taken.  By  the  terms  of  paragraph  393,  the 
flannels  in  question  being  composed  of  wool,  and  of  greater  value  than  50  cents  per 
pound,  are  to  be  considered  as  women's  and  children's  dress  goods,  and  subject  to 
all  of  the  provisions,  including  the  proviso  made  applicable  thereto,  under  para- 
graph 395,  N.  T. 

The  action  of  the  collector  in  assessing  duty  upon  the  merchandise  in  question  at 
44  cents  per  pound  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem  was,  in  our  oxnnion,  correct,  and  is 
affirmed.    (11866-G.  A.  857.) 


Treasury  Department,  October  17,  1891. 
Woolen  plush. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  25th  ultimo, 
transmitting  an  application  from  the  Jackson  and  Sharp  Company,  of  your  city,  for 
drawback  on  woolen  plush,  imported  by  them  per  steamship  Switzerland  from  Ant- 
werp, by  way  of  Philadelphia,  August  6, 1891,  and  used  in  upholstering  seats,  backs, 
and  rests,  and  safety  ropes  for  berths  in  exported  sleeping  cars  of  their  construction. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


243 


It  appearing  from  your  report  that  the  wastage  incurred  was  very  small,  and  that 
the  remaining  scraps  are  of  no  value,  you  are  hereby  authorized,  in  accordance  with 
your  recommendation,  to  allow  a  drawback  equal  to  the  duties  paid  on  the  imported 
plush  so  used,  less  the  legal  deduction  of  1  per  cent.  (111)29.) 


Treasury  Department,  October  21,  1891. 
Wool  washed  on  the  pelt. — Referring  to  your  note  of  yesterday,  I  have  to 
inform  you  that  Synopsis  11297  expressed  the  conclusions  arrived  at  by  this  Depart- 
ment regarding  the  classification  of  wool  washed  on  the  pelt  before  pulling,  but 
that  synopsis  11400  contains  the  decision  of  the  question  by  the  Board  of  General 
Appraisers,  which  has  been  accepted  as  the  rule  of  practice  for  custom  officers,  no 
appeal  having  been  taken  by  the  protestants.  (11938.) 


New  Yo  R  k  ,  Sep  tern  her  24, 189 1 

Robe  patterns — wool  and  silk  piece  goods  and  embroideries. — The  appraiser 
reports  that  "  the  merchandise  in  question  consists  of  women's  dress  goods  imported 
in  patterns,  each  pattern  comprising  a  certain  number  of  meters  of  plain  woven 
fabric  sufficient  for  the  body  of  the  dress,  and  one  or  more  shorter  pieces  embroid- 
ered for  trimming  the  garment." 

Upon  one  invoice  covered  by  the  protest  these  dresses,  or  robes  so  called,  are 
invoiced  as  u  entireties,  while  upon  the  other  the  plain  material  and  cost  of  embroid- 
ering are  separately  valued.  The  plain  and  embroidered  parts  are,  however,  readily 
separable  for  valuation,  and  were  therefore  returned  for  duty  separately.'7 

The  collector  classified  the  goods  in  accordance  with  the  report  of  the  appraiser, 
and  assessed  duty  upon  the  plain  portion  thereof  at  the  rate  of  12  cents  per  square 
yard  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  appropriate  provision  of  paragraph  395, 
act  of  October  1,  1890,  and  at  60  cents  per  pound,  and,  in  addition  thereto,  60  per 
cent  ad  valorem  upon  the  embroidered  part",  under  paragraph  398,  N.  T. 

The  importers,  in  protesting  against  the  action  of  the  collector,  say : 

We  claim  said  goods  should  have  been  assessed  at  50  per  cent  ad  valorem  and  44 
cents  per  pound  as  manufactures  of  wool  or  worsted  not  specially  provided  for;  or 
under  paragraph  395  of  said  act,  as  dress  goods,  at  50  per  cent  ad  valorem  and  12 
cents  per  square  yard.  We  hold  that  the  small  part  of  each  of  said  robes  should 
not  pay  a  different  duty  from  the  whole  robe,  as  it  would  be  unsalable  without  it, 
and  that  the  parts  being  put  up  and  sold  together  in  every  instance  will  make  it  an 
article  which  is  subject  to  only  one  assessment  of  duty  and  not  to  several,  the  same 
as  clocks  and  many  other  articles  which  have  one  duty  when  put  together  and  differ- 
ent ones  when  the  parts  are  imported  separate. 

We  further  hold  that  style  27  in  case  1190  can  not  be  termed  embroidered  accord- 
ing to  the  definition  of  embroidery  as  given  by  the  Encyclopedia  Britannia  and  G. 
A.  470,  rendered  March  31,  1891,  there  being  simply  a  cord  sewn  on  by  machines,  not 
worked  upon  the  cloth,  and  which  can  be  removed  without  defacing  the  . piece  of 
goods. 

The  sample  submitted  to  us  of  style  No.  27  shows  it  to  be  a  fabric  of  wool  orna- 
mented with  silk  threads,  the  ornamentation  resembling  in  appearance  tambour 
work. 

The  testimony  of  prominent  manufacturers  and  importers  of  similar  goods  who 
appeared  before  the  board  was  to  the  effect  that  this  style,  as  well  as  styles  numbers 
1,  6,  7,  8,  9,  11,  12,  15,  16,  20,  22,  24,  25,  and  26,  were  embroidered  on  a  machine 
known  as  the  Bonnaz  or  Cornerly  machine. 

The  specification  of  the  patent,  therefore,  which  we  have  examined,  describes  the 
work  produced  by  the  machine  as  round- stitch  and  chain-stitch  embroidery.  The 
corded  or  tamboured  appearance  of  the  work  is  produced  by  the  machine  twisting 
the  silk  at  the  same  time  the  needle  therein  is  embroidering  the  required  design  upon 
the  fabric. 


244 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


We  therefore  find  that  this  portion  of  the  merchandise  is  embroidered,  and  over- 
rule the  protest  relative  thereto. 

This  ruling  is  not  in  conflict  with  G.  A.  470,  wherein  the  board  held  that  "the 
term  tamboured  or  embroidered  *  *  *  can  only  be  properly  and  safely  applied 
to  those  fabrics  *  *  *  figured  or  ornamented  by  the  employment  of  the  needle, 
whether  directed  by  the  hand  or  by  machinery."    *    *  * 

We  further  find  that  all  of  the  merchandise  covered  by  this  x>rotest  is  women's 
dress  goods  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  camel,  goat, 
alpaca,  or  other  animals,  weighing  less  than  4  ounces  to  the  square  yard. 

We  can  not  sustain  the  claim  of  the  appellants  that  the  plain  and  embroidered 
parts  of  the  so-called  robes,  which  were  invoiced  as  an  entirety,  should  be  treated 
in  the  same  manner  as  clocks  or  other  completed  articles. 

In  Gr.  A.  334  the  board  held  that  merchandise  similar  to  that  in  question  was  not 
wearing  apparel,  but  was  piece  goods  intended  to  be  made  into  wearing  apparel. 

The  appraiser  having  segregated  the  value  of  the  plain  and  embroidered  portions 
of  the  goods  in  question,  the  action  of  the  collector  in  assessing  duty  upon  the  sep- 
arate parts  thereof,  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  paragraphs  395  and  398, 
respectively,  was,  in  our  opinion,  correct,  and  is  affirmed.    (11075 — G.  A.  88§.) 


New  York,  October  8,  1891. 
Charges  for  winding,  hanking,  skeining,  etc.,  worsted  yarn.— We  find  (1) 
that  the  merchandise  consists  of  six  bales  of  worsted,  imported  from  Liverpool,  and 
entered  at  the  port  of  Philadelphia  on  September  30,  1890. 

(2)  That  the  items  of  charge  to  which  objection  is  taken  by  the  protest  consist  of 
the  following : 


£ 

8, 

d. 

Winding  into  skeins  

  15 

8 

10 

Hanking  and  bundling  

  7 

14 

5 

Paper  and  strings  1  

  7 

14 

4 

Cost  of  packing  

  2 

8 

0 

Total  

,   33 

5 

7=$162 

(3)  That  the  merchandise  was  actually  purchased  in  the  market  of  Bradford,  Eng- 
land, and  that  the  invoice,  as  verified  by  oath,  did  not  include  and  specify  the  said 
charges,  or  any  of  them,  in  the  declaration  required  to  be  filed  by  section  5  of  the 
act  of  June  10,  1890. 

(4)  We  are  of  opinion  that  these  charges  are  elements  of  dutiable  value,  either  as 
entering  into  the  per  se  market  value  of  the  merchandise,  or  as  belonging  to  those 
*'  costs,  charges,  and  expenses  incident  to  placing  the  merchandise  in  condition 
packed  ready  for  shipment  to  the  United  States,"  which  are  expressly  made  a  part 
of  such  dutiable  value  by  section  19  of  said  act  of  June  10,  1890.  They  were  prop- 
erly, therefore,  included  in  the  estimate  of  market  value. 

There  is  no  evidence  of  any  kind  before  us  that  these  charges  were  twice  included 
in  the  estimate  of  market  value,  as  seems  to  be  contended. 

The  objection  to  the  constitutionality  of  the  act  of  June  10,  1890,  has  been  many 
times  decided  by  this  board  not  to  be  well  taken. 

All  the  grounds  of  protest  are  accordingly  overruled,  and  the  collector's  decision 
is  affirmed.    (12017— G.  A.  030.) 


New  York,  October  10, 1891. 
Fez  caps. — The  goods  are  invoiced  as  red  Fez  caps.    They  were  assessed  for  duty 
at  49£  cents  per  pound  and  60  per  cent  ad  valorem  as  wearing  apparel,  under  para- 
graph 396,  N.  TV,  and  are  claimed  by  the  appellant  to  be  dutiable  either  as  hats  of 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


245 


wool  under  paragraph  393,  or  at  44  cents  per  pound  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem  as 
wool-knit  fabrics,  under  paragraph  392,  act  of  October  1,  1890. 

The  caps  are  not  hats  and  are  not  popularly  nor  commercially  known  as  hats. 
They  are  composed  of  a  felted  knit  fabric,  with  a  long  silk  tassel  attached  to  the 
center  of  the  crown.    They  are  not  known  to  trade  or  commerce  as  knit  fabrics. 

The  protest  is  overruled,  and  the  assessment  of  duty  by  the  collector  is  hereby 
affirmed.    (12025— O.  A.  938.) 


New  York,  October  16, 1891. 
Wool  invoiced  in  Shanghai  taels. — We  find  as  facts  in  this  case: 

(1)  That  S.  Conrad's  Sons  imported  into  the  port  of  New  York,  November  12, 1890, 
163  bales  of  wool  from  Shanghai,  covered  by  two  invoices  and  which  were  returned 
by  the  appraiser  as  wool  of  the  third  class,  valued  at  less  than  13  cents  per  pound, 
including  charges,  and  subject  to  duty  at  32  per  cent  ad  valorem,  the  invoiced  value 
in  Shanghai  taels  being  the  appraised  value. 

(2)  That  the  entry  of  said  wool  was  made  in  the  currency  of  the  invoices. 

(3)  That  said  wool  was  shipped  at  Shanghai  April  15  and  26,  1890,  upon  two  in- 
voices certified  by  the  U.  S.  consul  at  that  port  on  the  16th  and  30th  days  of  said 
month,  and  that  said  wool  was  purchased  in  the  currency  of  the  invoices. 

(4)  That  the  value  of  the  Shanghai  tael,  expressed  in  the  money  of  account  of  the 
United  States  as  duly  proclaimed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  January  1, 1890, 
was  $1.03.1,  and  as  proclaimed  October  1,  1890,  $1.25.6. 

(5)  That  the  entry  of  said  wool  was  made  at  the  custom-house  in  New  York 
November  12,  1890,  and  the  duty  was  liquidated  in  accordance  with  the  value  of  the 
tael  as  proclaimed  October  1,  1890. 

The  protestants  allege  in  their  protest,  which  is  not  sworn  to,  that  the  tael  at 
Shanghai,  on  the  15th  day  of  April,  1890,  at  the  then  rate  of  exchange,  was  equiva- 
lent to  $1.0929,  and  on  the  26th  day  of  said  April,  $1,059,  in  American  gold  coin,  but 
they  offered  no  evidence  to  support  this  allegation.  The  protestants  further  allege 
that  the  liquidation  of  their  entry  upon  the  basis  of  value  of  the  tael  as  proclaimed 
on  the  first  day  of  October,  1890,  in  effect  increased  the  value  of  their  wool  for 
dutiable  purposes  beyond  the  actual  and  the  appraised  market  value  thereof  at  the 
time  and  place  of  export,  and  claim  that  such  liquidation  is  illegal.  In  the  liquida- 
tion of  the  duties  under  this  entry,  the  collector,  upon  examination  of  the  invoice, 
entry,  and  appraised  value  of  the  merchandise,  ascertained  that  there  was  a  concur- 
rence in  the  several  values,  expressed  in  taels.  It  is  claimed,  upon  the  one  hand, 
that  the  foreign  market  value,  expressed  in  the  money  of  account  of  the  United 
States  according  to  the  rate  of  exchange  at  the  time  of  purchase  and  shipment,  is 
the  correct  value  upon  which  duty  should  be  assessed.  Upon  the  other  hand,  it  is 
alleged  that  the  foreign  market  value  was  taken,  and  that  that  value  was  expressed 
in  taels ;  that  the  tael  had  no  value  in  the  money  of  account  of  the  United  States, 
except  as  fixed  by  the  proclamation  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury ;  that  the  proc- 
lamation in  force  at  the  time  of  the  entry  superseded  the  former  proclamation  and 
in  effect  repealed  it;  that  no  duties  attached  to  the  merchandise  until  it  was  im- 
ported; that  when  duties  did  attach  they  attached  according  to  the  laws  there  in 
force,  and  that  it  was  the  duty  of  the  collector  to  compute  the  duties  upon  the  tael 
value  according  to  the  law  in  force  when  he  was  required  to  act.  If  in  one  instance 
this  requirement  appeared  to  work  to  the  prejudice  of  the  importer,  at  another  time 
the  effect  might  appear  to  be  prejudicial  to  the  Government,  and  thus,  as  a  rule,  was 
not  unfair  to  either  party. 

While  we  find  no  decision  of  the  courts  clearly  covering  the  point  raised  is  this 
case,  yet  the  language  of  the  opinion  in  Hedden  v.  Merritt  (115  U.  S.,  27),  seems  to 
sustain  the  action  of  the  collector,  and  the  views  heretofore  expressed  by  this  board 
in  G.  A.  838  support  his  action. 

It  is  proper  to  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  on  the 


246 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


first  day  of  July,  1891,  changed  the  language  of  his  quarterly  proclamation.  For- 
merly it  was  stated  therein  that  the  proclaimed  value  is  "  to  be  followed  in  estimating 
the  value  of  all  foreign  merchandise  imported  on  or  after7'  the  specified  date.  In  the 
proclamations  of  July  1,  1891,  and  subsequent  dates,  the  language  is  changed  to 
"exported  to  the  United  States  on  and  after  the"  date  thereof. 

Under  the  requirements  of  the  law  as  they  appear  to  us  to  have  existed  at  the  time 
of  this  importation,  we  are  of  the  opinion  that  the  collectors'  action  was  correct. 

The  protest  is  overruled,  and  the  action  of  the  collector  affirmed.  (12038 — O. 
A.  951.) 


Tkeasury  Department,  November  28,  1891. 

Drawback  on  exported  wool. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of 
the  21st  instant,  in  which  you  inclose  the  application  of  Messrs.  Chas.  J.  Webb  & 
Co.  for  the  rebate  of  duty  paid  on  certain  wool  by  embracing  in  one  export  entry 
merchandise  from  four  different  importations,  neither  of  which,  you  state,  paid  a 
duty  amounting  to  $50. 

You  report  that,  under  the  provisions  of  article  913  of  the  Regulations  of  1884,  and 
section  3016,  Revised  Statutes,  which  prescribes  that  "no  merchandise  imported  shall 
be  entitled  to  a  drawback  of  the  duties  paid,  unless  the  duties  so  paid  shall  amount 
to  $50  at  least,"  the  application  in  question  was  denied  by  you,  and  you  ask  to  be 
advised  whether  you  would  bejustified  in  granting  the  request  of  the  said  importers. 

In  reply,  I  have  to  state  that  the  combination  of  separate  small  importations  in 
one  export  entry  for  the  purpose  of  making  an  amount  of  duty  which  would  exceed 
$50,  in  order  to  obtain  a  refund  of  duty  paid,  is  regarded  as  an  evasion  of  the  require- 
ments of  the  statute,  and  should  not  be  permitted. 

Your  action,  therefore,  in  refusing  the  application  is  hereby  approved.    ( 1 2092.) 


New  York,  November  10,  1891. 

Pile  fabrics,  wool  chief  value — Carpets  for  upholstery  purposes. — The 
collector  classified  the  goods  in  question  as  -pile  fabrics  comgosed  wholly  or  in  part 
of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other  animal,  and  assessed 
duty  upon  it  at  49^  cents  per  pound  and  60  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph 
396,  act  of  October  1,  1890.  The  importers  claim  that  the  goods  are  dutiable  at  50 
per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  470  of  said  act,  as  carpets  or  carpeting  of 
wool,  flax,  or  cotton,  or  composed  in  part  of  either  of  them. 

An  examination  of  the  official  sample  of  the  merchandise  shows  it  to  be  a  heavy 
cloth  with  a  cotton  back  and  an  extra  looped  warp  of  wool,  wrhich  forms  a  surface 
pile.  Every  alternate  loop  thread  is  cut,  giving  to  the  face  of  the  goods  a  corded 
velvety  effect. 

The  material  is  invoiced  as  "  crab  and  red  spot  figured  cords  rep./'  and  the  vend- 
ers thereof  advertise  themselves  as  manufacturers  of  carriage  and  railway  laces 
and  woven  figured  velvets. 

In  addition  to  the  above  significant  facts,  the  fineness  of  the  cotton  threads  com- 
posing the  back  of  the  goods  indicates  that  they  are  not  suitable  for  floor  wear,  but 
were  probably  designed  for  and  are  chiefly  used  for  upholstering  seats  of  cars,  as 
stated  by  the  appraiser. 

We  find  as  facts  that  the  merchandise  is  not  carpets  or  carpeting.  We  further 
find  that  it  is  composed  of  wool  and  cotton,  wool  chief  value,  and  that  it  is  a  pile 
fabric. 

The  protest  is  accordingly  overruled,  and  the  action  of  the  collector  is  affirmed. 
(12142-CJ.  A.  1004.) 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OP  WOOL. 


247 


New  York,  December  2,  1891. 

Gloria  cloth. — The  appraiser  rej^orts  that  "the  merchandise  in  question  consists 
of  a  manufacture  of  silk  in  the  warp  and  worsted  in  the  weft.  It  has  no  border  on 
the  selvage,  which  is  a  distinguishing  characteristic  of  merchandise  known  as 
umbrella  cloth,  but  is  similar  to  women's  and  children's  dress  goods." 

It  was  assessed  with  duty  at  12  cents  per  square  yard  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem, 
under  paragraph  395,  act  of  October  1, 1890. 

At  the  hearing  in  the  case  the  counsel  for  the  importers  appeared  before  the  board 
and  argued  in  support  of  their  protest : 

(1)  That  the  merchandise  is  not  dress  goods. 

(2)  That  it  is  composed  of  silk  and  worsted  (not  wool). 

(3)  That  silk  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value  entering  into  its  fabrica-* 
tion. 

An  analysis  of  the  merchandise  had  by  the  board  confirmed  the  appellant's  claim 
that  the  component  parts  thereof  are  worsted  and  silk,  of  which  substances  silk  is 
the  greater  in  value.  There  was  no  evidence  submitted,  however,  to  us  tending  to 
impeach  the  appraiser's  statement  that,  inasmuch  as  the  material  has  no  border  on 
the  selvage,  it  was  not  umbrella  cloth.  * 

We  make  the  following  findings  of  fact: 

(1)  That  the  merchandise  is  known  as  gloria  cloth. 

(2)  That  it  is  composed  of  silk  and  wool  or  worsted,  silk  chief  value. 

(3)  That  it  is  used  in  the  manufacture  of  women's  and  children's  dresses  and  is 
similar  in  description  and  character  to  women's  and  children's  dress  goods. 

(4)  That  it  weighs  less  than  four  ounces  to  the  square  yard. 

Women's  and  children's  dress  goods  is  a  phrase  of  commercial  designation. 

The  goods  in  question  are  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  worsted,  and  are  of  like 
character  and  description  as,  and  are  to  be  treated  in  the  same  manner  as  if  they 
were,  women's  and  children's  dress  goods. 

Commercial  designation  takes  precedence  in  the  classification  of  mixed  materials. 
Consequently  the  ruling  in  Hartrauft  v.  Meyer  does  not  apply  in  the  present  case. 

We  hold  the  goods  are  more  specifically  provided  for  in  paragraph  395  than  in 
paragraph  414. 

We  are  of  the  opinion  that  the  proviso  attached  to  paragraph  414  removes  the 
merchandise  in  question  from  classification  thereunder,  for,  notwithstanding  the 
fact  that  the  fabric  is  composed  of  silk  and  worsted,  it  is  equally  a  fact  that  it  is  a 
manufacture  of  silk  or  of  which  silk  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value,  of 
which  wool  or  the  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  or  other  like  animal  is  a  component 
material. 

The  protest  is  overruled,  and  the  action  of  the  collector  is  affirmed.  (12230  

O.  A.  1044.) 


New  York,  December  2,  1891. 

Smoking  jackets— wearing  apparel.— The  goods  covered  by  this  protest  are 
smoking  jackets  composedf^ofc-eotton  bodies  bound  wither  worsted  braid.  They  were 
returned  by  the  appraiser  as  wool  wearing  apparel.  The  collector  classified  them 
as  such,  and  assessed  duty  upon  them  at  49|  cents  per  pound  and  60  per  cent  ad 
valorem,  under  paragraph  396,  act  of  October  1,  1890. 

The  importer  claims  that  the  merchandise  is  dutiable  at  50  per  cent  ad  valorem, 
under  paragraph  349  of  the  said  act,  as  cotton  wearing  apparel. 

We  are  of  the  opinion  that  the  importer's  contention  is  correct.  Paragraph  396 
provides  for  clothing,  ready  made,  and  articles  of  wearing  apparel  *  *  *  not 
specially  provided  for,    *    *    *    composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  etc. 

Paragraph  349  provides  for  wearing  apparel  *  *  *  composed  of  cotton  or 
other  vegetable  fibers,  or  of  which  cotton  or  other  vegetables  fiber  is  the  component 
material  of  chief  value. 


248 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Applying  the  principles  of  statutory  construction  as  laid  down  by  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States  in  Meyer  v.  Hartranft,  we  are  forced  to  hold  that  the 
goods  in  question  are  more  specifically  provided  for  under  paragraph  349  than  under 
paragraph  396. 

We  find  as  facts  that  the  merchandise  is  wearing  apparel  composed  of  cotton  and 
wool,  and  that  cotton  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value  entering  into  the 
fabrication  thereof.  We  accordingly  sustain  the  protest  as  to  the  rate  claimed  by 
the  appellant  to  be  applicable  thereto,  under  the  act  of  October  1,  1890,  and  over- 
rule the  portion  of  the  protest  with  regard  to  the  constitutionality  of  said  act. 
(12231— G.  A.  1045.) 


New  York,  December  2, 1891. 

Painters7  canvas  (wool). — The  appraiser  in  his  special  report  to  the  collector 
says:  uThe  merchandise  in  question  consisted  of  a  manufacture  of  wool  and  cotton 
commercially  known  and  sold  as  painters'  canvas." 

It  was  classified  as  a  manufacture  of  wool,  and  assessed  with  duty  at  44  cents  per 
pound  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  392,  act  of  October  1, 1890.  The 
importer  claims  the  merchandise  is  a  manufacture  of  cotton  and  wool,  cotton  chief 
value,  and  dutiable  at  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  355  of  said  act. 

At  the  hearing  in  the  case  samples  of  merchandise  were  submitted  without  testi- 
mony as  to  the  relative  cost  of  the  component  materials  entering  into  the  fabrica- 
tion thereof.  An  inspection  of  these  samples  shows  the  goods  to  be  a  fine  corded 
woven  fabric,  one  surface  ribbed  and  the  other  presenting  the  appearance  of  a  knit 
fabric  or  webbing.  The  samples  are  sent  to  the  U.  S.  chemist  at  New  York  for 
analysis,  who  reported  that  they  were  "  found  to  consist  Avholly  of  wool  fibers, 
although  the  fibers  forming  the  ribs  of  the  fabric  consist  of  wool  hair  called '  Ukemp.'" 
Several  grades  of  wool  are  to  be  found  in  each  sample.  Based  upon  this  report,  we 
find  that  the  merchandise  is  not  a  manufacture  of  cotton  or  of  which  cotton  is  the 
component  material  of  chief  value. 

The  protest  is  accordingly  overruled,  and  the  decision  of  the  collector  is  affirmed. 
(12234-G.  A.  104§.) 


New  Yoek,  December  2,  1891. 

Nuns'  veilings. — The  goods  in  question  are  woven  fabrics  known  commercially 
as  nuns'  veilings.  They  are  composed  of  wool  in  the  weft  and  cotton,  silk,  and  wool 
in  the  warp,  respectively. 

The  goods  were  classified  as  part  worsted  dress  goods,  or  goods  of  like  description, 
and  assessed  for  duty  at  12  cents  per  square  yard  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under 
paragraph  395,  act  October  1,  1890. 

The  importers  claim  that  the  goods  are  dutiable  at  44  cents  per  pound  and  50  per 
cent,  in  accordance  with  the  provision  of  paragraph  392  of  the  said  act  applicable 
to  manufactures  of  wool  not  otherwise  provided  for,  valued  at  above  40  cents  per 
pound. 

At  the  hearing  in  the  case  the  evidence  tended  conclusively  to  show  that  the  mer- 
chandise contained  a  border  upon  each  side  thereof  and  was  of  such  a  flimsy  char- 
acter that  it  was  not  suitable  to  be  made  into  dresses  for  women  or  children,  and 
that  it  was  known  commercially  as  nuns'  veilings  or  bordered  veilings,  and  not  as 
dress  goods. 

It  was  also  in  evidence  that  there  is  a  material  known  commercially  as  nuns'  veil- 
ing which  has  a  border  on  one  side,  and  which  is  composed  of  the  same  materials 
as,  but  made  in  a  more  substantial  manner  than,  the  merchandise  in  question,  and 
that  this  material  is  known  as  dress  goods. 

We  make  the  following  finding  of  facts  in  this  case: 

(1)  That  the  merchandise  is  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


249 


of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other  animal,  and  weighs  less  than  4  ounces  per  square 
yard. 

(2)  That  it  is  known  commercially  as  nuns'  veiling,  and  not  as  women's  or  chil- 
dren's dress  goods,  coat  linings,  or  Italian  cloths. 

(3)  That  it  contains  a  horder  on  each  side,  and  is  of  a  flimsy  character,  and  not 
suitable  for  use  in  the  manufacture  of  women's  or  children's  dresses,  or  for  purposes 
to  which  women's  or  children's  dress  goods,  coat  linings,  or  Italian  cloths  are  usually 
applied. 

(4)  That  in  material  and  manner  of  fabrication,  with  the  exception  of  having  a 
border  on  each  side  formed  in  the  process  of  weaving,  it  is  similar  to  women's  dress 
goods. 

Based  upon  the  above  findings,  it  is  apparent  that  the  case  turns  upon  the  scope 
of  the  term  "  goods  of  like  character  and  description"  contained  in  paragraph  395. 

The  Supreme  Court,  in  Greenleaf  v.  Goodrich  (101  U.  S.,  283),  enunciated  the  fol- 
lowing principle:  "The  statute  does  not  contemplate  that  goods  classed  under  the 
words  1  of  similar  description '  shall  be  in  all  respects  the  same.  If  it  did,  these 
words  would  be  unnecessary.  They  were  intended  to  embrace  goods  like,  but  not 
identical  with,  delaines."  The  jury  had  been  charged  that  "  goods  of  similar  descrip- 
tion *  *  *  is  a  similarity  in  respect  to  the  product  and  its  adaptation  to  uses. 
*  *  *  If  you  find  that  the  product  or  result  is  an  article  for  ladies'  dresses  made 
with  a  cotton  warp  and  worsted  filling,  the  question  for  determination  is  whether 
the  two  kinds  of  goods  are  substantially  the  same  and  alike,"  and  the  Supreme 
Court  found  no  error  in  the  charge. 

In  Sullivan  v.  Robertson  (37  F.  R.,  778),  in  relation  to  Thybet  coatings,  commer- 
cially known  as  "  dress  goods,"  his  honor  Judge  Lacombe  said:  "With  regard  to 
this  general  group  of  goods  (which  we  know  not  only  from  the  evidence  in  this  case, 
but  from  our  experience  in  other  cases,  is  a  species  of  fabric  which  women  use  for 
their  dresses  "),  etc. 

It  would  thus  appear  from  the  authorities  cited  that  adaption  to  use  was  a  nec- 
essary qualification  in  order  to  classify  fabrics  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool, 
worsted,  the  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca  or  other  animals  as  goods  of  similar 
description  or  character  with  women's  or  children's  dress  goods,  coat  linings,  Italian 
cloth,  or  bunting. 

The  goods  in  this  case  are  not  susceptible  of  use  for  the  purposes  to  which  the 
fabrics  above  mentioned  are  usually  applied. 

We  therefore  hold  that  they  do  not  fall  within  the  provisions  of  paragraph  395„ 
but  are  dutiable  as  claimed  by  the  appellants. 

The  protest  is  accordingly  sustained.    (1223,7. — G.  A.  1051*) 


New  York,  December  2,  1891, 

House  flannel. — The  appraiser  reports  that  the  merchandise  in  this  case  is  a 
manufacture  of  wool  and  cotton  resembling  toweling,  and  that  it  is  net  flannel  and 
can  not  be  used  for  the  same  purposes  to  which  flannel  is  applied. 

It  was  classified  as  a  manufacture  of  wool  and  assessed  with  duty  at  33  cents  per 
pound  and  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  392,  act  Oct.  1,  1890. 

The  importers  claim  the  goods  are  known  commercially  as  house  flannel,  and  are 
composed  of  wool  in  the  weft  and  cotton  in  the  warp,  valued  at  not  over  15  cents 
per  square  yard  and  therefore  dutiable  at  7  cents  per  square  yard  and  of  40  per 
cent  ad  valorem,  presumably  under  paragraph  394  of  the  said  act. 

The  importers  appeared  before  the  board  and  testified,  as  did  other  witnesses, 
that  the  merchandise  was  an  especial  kind  of  flannel  other  than  flannel  for  under- 
wear, commercially  known  as  house  flannel,  and  that  it  was  designed  for  use  in 
scrubbing  floors.    It  appears  on  the  invoice,  and  was  admitted  by  the  importers, 


250 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


that  the  material  is  valued  at  less  than  50  cents  per  pound  and  weighs  over  4  ounces 
to  the  square  yard. 

We  therefore  find  as  facts : 

(1)  That  the  merchandise  is  known  commercially  as  house  flannel. 

(2)  That  it  is  not  flannel  for  underwear. 

(3)  That  it  is  not  valued  at  more  than  30  cents  per  pound. 

Upon  the  ahove  findings  of  fact,  the  contention  of  the  importers  must  he  dis- 
missed. 

Even  if  the  material  is  flannel,  a  point  we  shall  not  pass  upon,  inasmuch  as  it  is 
valued  at  not  more  than  50  cents  per  pound,  it  can  not  be  classified  and  pay  the  same 
duty  as  women's  and  children's  dress  goods.  Were  such  not  the  case  and  the  goods 
were  dutiable  under  paragraph  395,  the  material  weighing  more  than  4  ounces  per 
square  yard,  the  rate  of  duty  made  applicable  thereto  by  the  terms  of  the  proviso 
attached  to  paragraph  394  would  be  44  cents  per  square  yard  and  50  per  cent  ad 
valorem,  in  lieu  of  33  cents  per  square  yard  and 40  per  cent,  the  rate  imposed  upon 
the  merchancise  by  the  collector. 

It  was  in  evidence  that  the  goods  contained  no  wool,  but  were  composed  exclu- 
sively of  cotton.  Samples  thereof  were  submitted  to  the  board,  which  had  been 
subjected  to  chemical  tests  and  which  tended  to  confirm  the  statement  of  expert  wit- 
nesses to  that  effect.  This  point,  however,  is  immaterial.  The  importer  made  no 
claim  that  the  merchandise  was  dutiable  either  as  a  countable  cotton  cloth  or  as  a 
manufacture  of  cotton,  but  contended  that  the  merchandise  was  dutiable  as  women's 
and  children's  dress  goods  or  goods  of  similar  character,  composed  in  part  of  wool 
with  a  warp  of  cotton  or  other  vegetable  fiber.  They  were  in  error  as  to  this  con- 
tention. 

The  protest  is  accordingly  overruled,  and  the  action  of  the  collector  must  stand. 
(12238— tt.  A.  1052.) 


New  York,  December  3.  189 1+ 

Camel's  hair  cloakings. — The  importers  in  this  case  claim  the  goods  are  flan- 
nels, and  as  such  subject  to  duty  at  33  cents  per  pound  and  35  per  cent  ad  valorem, 
under  paragraph  393,  act  of  October  1,  1890. 

The  appraiser  reported  the  goods  were  camel's  hair  clothing.  They  were  thus 
invoiced,  and  we  so  find  as  facts. 

Duty  was  assessed  upon  the  merchandise  at  44  cents  per  pound  and  50  per  cent  ad 
valorem,  under  paragraph  392  of  the  said  act. 

An  inspection  of  the  iuvoice  shows  the  goods  are  valued  at  over  $1  per  pound  and 
weighing  more  than  4  ounces  per  square  yard. 

Assuming  the  contention  of  the  importers  that  the  fabrics  are  flannels  to  be  cor- 
rect, they  are  removed  from  classification  under  paragraph  393  by  virtue  of  the 
proviso  attached  thereto,  and  are  dutiable  at  the  rate  imposed  under  paragraph  395. 

The  protest  is  accordingly  overruled  and  the  action  of  the  collector  stands. 
(12245— G.  A.  1059.) 


New  York,  December  4,  1891. 

Worsted  shawls  (embroidered).— We  find  on  the  face  of  the  papers  that  the 
articles  in  question  are  shawls  composed  of  worsted  and  embroidered  with  silk. 

Duty  was  assessed  upon  them  at  the  rate  of  60  cents  per  pound  and  60  per  cent  ad 
valorem,  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  paragraphs  398  and  373  of  the  act  of 
October  1,  1890. 

The  importers  claim  that  inasmuch  as  shawls  are  specifically  enumerated  in  para- 
graph 392  of  the  said  act,  they  are  subject  to  no  other  duty  than  at  44  cents  per 
pound  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  as  therein  provided. 

It  is  true,  as  contended,  that  shawls  are  specifially  ©numerated  in  paragraph  392, 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


251 


font  the  proviso  attached  to  paragraph  373  provides  "that  articles  of  wearing 
apparel  and  textile  fabrics,  when  embroidered  by  hand  or  machinery,  and  whether 
specially  or  otherwise  provided  for  in  this  act,  shall  not  pay  a  less  rate  of  duty  than 
that  fixed  by  the  respective  paragraphs  and  schedules  upon  embroideries  of  the  mate- 
rials of  which  they  are  respectively  composed." 

In  the  present  case  the  merchandise  is  wearing  apparel  or  textile  fabrics  com- 
posed of  worsted,  and  is  embroidered.  We  hold  that  it  was  properly  assessed  with 
duty  at  60  cents  per  pound  and  60  per  cent  ad  valorem,  the  rate  applicable  to  worsted 
embroideries. 

The  protest  is  accordingly  overruled,  and  the  action  of  the  collector  is  affirmed. 
(12247— G.  A.  1061.) 


New  York,  December  4,  1891. 
Upholstery  canvas  or  cloth  (wool). — The  merchandise  in  question  is  known 
in  trade  as  upholstery  canvas  or  cloth.  It  is  a  white  corded  fabric  composed  of  a 
heavy  cotton  cord  in  the  warp  and  fine  threads  of  wool  in  the  weft.  It  was  classi- 
fied as  a  manufacture  of  wool  valued  at  over  40  cents  per  pound,  and  assessed  with 
duty  at  44  cents  per  pound  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  392,  act 
October  1,  1890. 

The  importer  submitted  a  sample  of  goods  similar  in  appearance,  composed  exclu- 
sively of  cotton,  which  was  valued  at  a  higher  price  than  the  merchandise  in  ques- 
tion, in  support  of  their  contention  that  cotton  was  the  component  material  of 
chief  value  entering  into  the  fabrication  of  the  goods  covered  by  this  protest,  upon 
which  fact  is  founded  their  claim  that  duty  should  have  been  assessed  upon  the  mer- 
chandise at  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  355  of  the  said  act. 

The  board  has  no  evidence  before  it  tending  to  discredit  the  appellant's  conten- 
tion relative  to  the  comparative  value  of  the  cotton  and  wool  entering  into  the  fabri- 
cation of  the  goods,  nor  was  it  deemed  necessary  to  take  evidence  upon  this  point. 

We  make  this  finding  of  facts : 

(1)  That  the  merchandise  is  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool. 

(2)  That  it  is  a  manufacture  of  which  cotton  is  a  component  material  of  chief 
value. 

Inasmuch,  however,  as  paragraph  355  does  not  contain  the  words  "manufactures 
of  which  cotton  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value,'7  the  provision  of  para- 
graph 392  is  equally  as  specific,  and  controls  the  classification  of  the  goods  by  reason 
of  its  imposing  the  higher  rate  of  duty  applicable  thereto.  The  Treasury  Depart- 
ment has  for  many  years  construed  the  statute  in  accordance  with  this  principle. 

Congress  in  repeated  acts  has  given  to  the  ruling  of  the  Treasury  Department 
legislative  indorsement  by  reenacting  the  provisions  relative  to  cotton  and  woolen 
goods,  with  the  notable  exception  that  in  the  act  of  October  1, 1890,  wearing  apparel 
composed  of  cotton  and  wool  is  made  subject  to  duty  under  paragraph  349  by  the 
addition  of  the  words,  u  of  which  cotton  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value. " 

In  our  opinion,  the  claim  of  the  importer  that  the  merchandise  in  question  is 
dutiable  at  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  355,  is  not  well  founded. 

The  protest  is  accordingly  overruled,  and  the  action  of  the  collector  is  affirmed. 
(12250— G.  A.  1064.) 


New  York,  December  24, 1891. 

Crimped  wool  (imitation  hair). — The  merchandise  is  wool  which  has  been 
prepared  and  crimped  to  resemble  human  hair.  It  was  assessed  for  duty  at  44  cents 
per  pound  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  392,  N.  T.,  as  a  manufacture 
of  worsted,  and  is  claimed  by  the  appellants  to  be  dutiable,  under  paragraph  381, 
as  scoured  wool  of  the  second  class. 

We  find  that  the  merchandise  is  not  known  commercially  as  scoured  wool,  and 


252 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


that  it  has  been  advanced  beyond  the  scouring  process.  The  protest  is  therefore 
overruled.    Reference  is  made  to  paragraph  390,JST.  T.    (12331— O.  A.  1103.) 


New  York,  January  IS, 1892. 

Embroidered  wool  piano  and  table  covers. — We  find  as  facts  on  the  face  of 
the  papers  and  from  the  exhibits  in  the  case : 

*(1)  That  the  goods  were  imported  subsequent  to  October  6.  1890,  and  are  textile 
fabrics. 

(2)  That  they  are  known  commercially  as  table  covers  and  piano  covers. 

(3)  That  the  bodies  of  the  articles  are  composed  of  wool,  and  that  they  are  embroid- 
ered by  hand  or  machinery  with  silk  and  worsted  and  with  worsted  and  cotton, 
respectively. 

(4)  That  wool  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value  entering  into  their  fabri- 
cation. 

Duty  was  assessed  upon  the  merchandise  at  60  cents  per  pound  and  60  per  cent  ad 
valorem,  under  paragraph  398,  act  of  October  1,  1890.  The  appellants  claim,  first, 
that  the  act  of  October  1,  1890,  is  unconstitut  ional,  and  alternatively  that  the  fabrics 
were  made  on  frames  and  are  composed  of  wool  embroidered  with  silk ;  that  they 
cost  over  40  cents  per  pound  and  are  dutiable  at  44  cents  per  pound  and  50  per  cent 
ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  392,  act  of  October  1,  1890. 

The  appellants,  in  an  elaborate  argument,  contend  (1)  that,  as  the  bodies  of  the 
fabrics  are  composed  exclusively  of  wool,  they  are  specifically  provided  for  in  par 
agraph  392,  and  can  not  be  removed  therefrom  for  classification  by  general  terms  in 
a  later  part  of  the  act. 

(2)  That  inasmuch  as  paragraph  414  provides  that  all  manufactures  of  silk  of 
which  wool  *  *  *  is  a  component  material  shall  be  classified  as  manufactures  of 
wool,  it  is  made  imperative  that  in  the  present  case  the  goods  must  be  so  classified. 

(3)  That  table  covers  are  denominatively  provided  for  at  60  per  cent  ad  valorem, 
under  paragraph  351. 

Regarding  the  last  contention,  we  hold  there  is  no  force  whatever.  Paragraph  351 
applies  to  chenille  table  covers  or  table  covers  of  which  cotton  chenille  is  the  com- 
ponent material  of  chief  value.  It  is  admitted  that  the  table  covers  in  question  are 
not  composed  in  whole  or  in  part  of  chenille.  The  board  has  heretofore  held  that 
the  proviso  attached  to  paragraph  373  covers  all  textile  fabrics  embroidered  Dy  hand 
or  machinery,  whether  such  fabrics  are  provided  for  denominatively  or  not.  The 
language  of  this  proviso  is  explicit  and  not  general  in  its  terms,  and  includes  all 
articles  of  wearing  apparel  and  textile  fabrics  of  whatever  material  composed. 
Based  upon  the  findings  in  this  case,  we  hold  that  the  embroidered  wool  table  and 
piano  covers-  were  properly  assessed  for  duty  at  60  cents  per  pound  and  60  per  cent 
ad  valorem,  the  rate  applicable  to  worsted  embroideries,  in  accordance  with  the  pro- 
visions of  paragraphs  373  and  398.  The  protest,  both  as  to  the  constitutionality  of 
the  act  of  October  1,  1890,  and  the  rate  of  duty,  is  overruled,  and  the  action  of  the 
collector  is  affirmed.    (12365— O.  A.  1 137.) 


Treasury  Department,  March  2,  1892. 
Sorted  wool. — I  inclose  herewith,  for  your  information,  a  copy  of  a  letter,  dated 
the  11th  ultimo,  from  the  honorable  Attorney-General  of  the  United  States,  stating 
that  he  has  directed  an  appeal  to  be  taken  from  the  judgment  of  the  circuit  court  for 
the  southern  district  of  New  York,  affirming  the  decision  of  the  Board  of  U.  S. 
General  Appraisers  in  the  appeal  of  E.  S.  Higgins  &  Co.  from  your  assessment  of 
duty  upon  an  importation  of  certain  East  India  wool. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURER  OF  WOOL. 


253 


After  reviewing  the  various  questions  of  law  involved  in  the  case  and  expressing 
the  opinion  that  it  is  well  to  have  upon  some  of  them  a  ruling  from  a  court  of  last 
resort,  the  Attorney-General  concludes  as  follows: 

Meanwhile  I  suggest  to  you  that  your  orders  to  the  collector  be  modified  so  that 
hereafter  the  words  (in  paragraph  383,  N.  T.),  "twice  the  duty  to  which  it  would 
be  otherwise  subject/'  shall  not  be  construed  to  mean  double  the  duty  imposed  on 
the  wool  in  its  actual  imported  condition,  but  double  the  duty  which  would  have 
been  imposed  on  the  wool  if  it  had  been  imported  without  sorting  or  any  other 
changes  referred  to  in  paragraph  383,  and  that  whenever  this  shall  result  in  making 
the  doubled  duty  under  paragraph  383  less  than  that  under  paragraph  385  or  para- 
graph 386  then  the  duty  under  paragraph  385  or  paragraph  386  be  imposed,  as  held 
by  the  Board  of  General  Appraisers  in  their  opinion  in  this  case. 

The  above  suggestion  is  adopted  by  this  Department,  and  the  instructions  con- 
tained in  Synoposes  Nos.  11307  and  11665  are  hereby  modified  accordingly.  (12468.) 


New  York,  February  25, 1892. 
Cotton  embroideries  (metal). — We  find  as  facts  on  the  face  of  the  papers: 

(1)  That  the  articles  covered  by  this  protest  are  tidies  embroidered  by  hand  or 
machinery. 

(2)  That  they  were  imported  subsequent  to  October  6,  1890. 

(3)  That  they  are  composed  of  cotton,  worsted,  silk,  and  metal. 

(4)  That  the  material  or  body  of  the  tidies  is  composed  chiefly  of  cotton,  and  that 
cotton  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value  in  the  completed  articles. 

Inasmuch  as  worsted  entered  into  the  fabrication  of  the  embroidered  tidies,  duty 
was  assessed  thereon  at  60  cents  per  pound  and  60  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  para- 
graph 398,  act  of  October  1, 1890.  The  collector,  in  transmitting  the  papers  in  the 
case,  however,  expressed  some  doubts  as  to  the  correctness  of  his  classification.  The 
appellants  claimed  alternatively  that  the  goods  are  dutiable  at  60  per  cent  ad  valo- 
rem as  articles  made  of  lace,  under  paragraph  373,  act  of  October  1, 1890.  They  are 
in  error  as  to  the  character  of  the  goods,  but  this  is  not  sufficient  to  invalidate  their 
claim  if  the  articles  are  found  to  be  properly  dutiable  under  the  paragraph  and  at 
the  rate  specified  in  the  protest. 

In  the  present  case  the  material  of  which  the  articles  are  composed  is  cotton,  and 
is  embroidered  by  hand  or  machinery,  whether  with  worsted,  silk,  or  metal  is,  in  our 
opinion,  immaterial.  We  hold  that  the  goods  are  dutiable  as  cotton  embroideries,  at 
60  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  373. 

The  protest  is  sustained.    (12559— O.  A. 


New  York,  March  21,  1892. 

Wool  caps  not  hats. — This  protest  is  against  the  assessment  of  duty  at  the  rate 
of  49^  cents  per  pound  and  60  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  396,  N.  T.,  on 
certain  wool  caps,  and  at  45  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  347,  N.  T.,  on  so- 
called  " cotton  zephyrs  and  crepes,"  which  the  appellant  claims  are  dutiable,  viz, 
the  caps  at  38£  cents  per  pound  and  40  percent  ad  valorem  as  "hats  of  wool,"  under 
paragraph  393,  N.  T.,  or  at  44  cents  per  pound  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under 
paragraph  392,  N.  T.,  and  the  zephyrs  and  crepes  at  40  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under 
paragraph  355,  N.  T. 

We  find  as  facts  from  the  papers  and  samples  in  the  case : 

1.  That  the  caps  are  composed  of  wool,  are  intended  to  be  worn  upon  the  head  as 
an  article  of  wearing  apparel,  and  are  not  hats. 

#  #  #  ¥■  #  *  * 

In  view  of  our  findings  of  fact,  and  following  the  board's  decisions  in  G.  A.  938  on 
fez  caps,  *  *  *  we  hold  that  all  of  said  merchandise  was  properly  assessed  for 
duty  by  the  collector,  and  Ma  action  is  affirmed.    (12653— O.  A*  1302.) 


254 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


New  York,  March  24,  1892. 

China  camel's  hair. — The  merchandise  subject  of  this  protest  was  invoiced  from 
Tientsin,  China,  as  "Peking  camel's  hair/7  and  having  been  returned  by  the  appraiser 
as  class  2,  China  camel's  hair,  was  assessed  for  duty  at  12  cents  per  pound,  under  the 
provisions  of  paragraphs  377  and  384,  act  of  October  1,  1890. 

The  protestants  claim  that  the  merchandise  is  "precisely  identical  with  Russian 
camel's  hair,"  and  as  the  value,  including  the  charges,  does  not  exceed  13  cents  per 
pound,  is  dutiable  at  32  per  cent  ad  valorem,  as  camel's  hair  of  class  3,  under  para- 
graph 385  of  the  said  act,  and  they  state  that  the  term  u  Russian  camel's  hair,"  as 
used  in  the  trade,  does  not  mean  camel's  hair  grown  in  Russia,  but  a  certain  class  of 
camel's  hair  which  is  sold  here  under  the  name  of  "Russian,"  being  mostly  imported 
directly  or  indirectly  from  Russian  ports;  that  there  are  no  camels  in  Russia;  that 
the  camel's  hair  comes  from  central  Asia,  whence  it  is  exported  either  by  way  of 
Russia  or  China;  that,  while  the  hair  in  question  was  imported  by  way  of  China,  it 
is  virtually  of  the  same  class  as  imported  by  way  of  Russia,  hence  is  entitled  to 
admission  at  the  same  rate,  otherwise  the  tariff  would  discriminate  against  the 
Chinese  treaty  ports  and  in  favor  of  Russia. 

We  find  as  facts  from  the  papers  and  testimony  in  the  case : 

(1)  That  the  merchandise  in  question  was  imported  from  China  and  invoiced  as 
"  Peking  camel's  hair,"  audwas  correctly  returned  by  the  appraiser  as  "China  camel's 
hair." 

(2)  That  there  is  a  marked  difference  between  what  is  known  in  trade  as  China 
camel's  hair  and  Russian  camel's  hair,  the  former  being  usually  lighter  in  color,  finer 
in  quality,  and  of  higher  value  than  the  latter. 

(3)  That  the  article  known  as  China  camel's  hair  comes  almost  invariably  from 
Chinese  ports  and  the  so-called  Russian  camel's  hair  generally  from  Russian  ports. 

In  accordance  with  our  findings  of  fact,  we  hold  that  the  merchandise  in  question 
was  correctly  assessed  for  duty,  and  the  protest  is  overruled.  (12657— O.  A. 
E306.) 


New  York,  April  4,  1892. 

Alpaca  noils. — We  find  as  facts: 

(1)  That  the  protestants,  Charles  F.  Murphy  &  Co.,  imported  into  the  port  of 
Boston,  January  14,  1891,  certain  noils,  upon  which  duty  was  assessed  at  the  rate  of 
30  cents  per  pound,  under  paragraph  388  of  the  act  of  October  1,  1890. 

(2)  That  said  noils  were  produced  from  the  fleeces  of  animals  known  as  the  alpaca 
by  scouring,  oiling,  and  combing  the  same,  by  which  process  the  long  hair  or  tops 
are  removed  and  the  short  hair  or  furry  portion  is  combed  into  noils. 

(3)  That  for  making  certain  soft  fabrics  some  noils  are  more  desirable  than  the 
mixed  fibers. 

(4)  That  noils  are  not  waste  in  fact  nor  commercially  known  as  such. 

The  protestants  contend  that  "the  noils  provided  for  in  paragraph  388  are  those 
of  or  from  wool  only,  and  not  from  hair;  that  the  hair  of  the  alpaca  is  specifically 
named  and  provided  for  in  paragraph  377,  N.  T.,  and  made  dutiable  at  12  cents  per 
pound  by  paragraph  384,  N.  T. ;  that  although  in  the  form  of  noils,  the  merchandise 
is  still  nothing  but  the  hair  of  the  alpaca." 

It  is  well  known  that  the  merchandise  called  noils  is  a  product  obtained  in  a 
special  form  and  condition  by  combing  wool  or  the  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca, 
or  other  like  animal.  The  words  "all  other  wastes  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of 
wool,"  as  found  in  paragraph  388,  do  not,  in  our  opinion,  relate  to  or  qualify  noils 
and  shoddy,  for  they  are  specially  manufactured  and  intentionally  produced,  while 
some,  and  probably  all,  of  the  varieties  of  waste  therein  mentioned  are  in  fact  waste 
unavoidably  and  accidentally  produced  in  the  manufacture  of  yarns  or  fabrics. 
The  manufacture  of  shoddy  is  a  great  industry.  It  is  made  fi  om  woolen  and  worsted 
rags,  and  its  name  implies  to  those  familiar  with  the  article  that  it  is  composed  of 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


255 


wool;  therefore  Congress  could  not  have  intended  the  words  "all  other  wastes  com- 
posed wholly  or  in  part  of  wool"  to  apply  to  anything  except  what  was  distinctly 
known  as  waste.  As  noils  are  only  produced  from  wool  or  combing  hair,  it  was 
sufficient  to  provide  for  noils,  and  thus  cover  all  noils.  A  perusal  of  the  proceed- 
ings before  Congress  will  show  that  it  was  impractical  to  provide  separately  for 
noils  made  from  the  different  classes  of  wool  or  hair  or  to  grade  them,  and  therefore 
noils  generally  are  comprehensively  provided  for  in  paragraph  388. 

We  therefore  hold  that  alpaca  noils  are  provided  for  in  paragraph  388,  N.  T.,  and 
it  appearing  that  the  duty  was  assessed  as  therein  provided,  the  protest  is  overruled 
and  the  action  of  the  collector  affirmed.  (12G80— -G.  A.  1329.) 


Treasury  Department,  July  11,  1892. 
Wools  on  the  skin. — In  reply  to  your  letter  of  the  5th  instant,  in  which  you  ask 
to  be  referred  to  the  instructions  issued  by  the  Department  as  to  ascertaining  the 
quantity  and  value  of  wools  on  the  skin,  as  prescribed  by  paragraph  387,  act  of  Octo- 
ber 1, 1890, 1  have  to  inform  you  that  no  instructions  have  been  issued  under  said 
paragraph,  but  the  instructions  in  force  prior  to  the  passage  of  said  act  and  con- 
tained in  the  published  decisions  of  the  Department  are  applicable  to  such  importa- 
tions. (13016.) 


New  York,  June  20,  1892. 

Skirted  wool. — (1)  We  find  as  facts,  that  Wood  Bros.  &  Co.  imported  into  the 
port  of  New  York,  per  steamer  Bhaetia,  December  12, 1891,  certain  wool,  upon  which 
the  double  duty  of  64  per  cent  ad  valorem  was  imposed,  by  virtue  of  the  provisions 
of  paragraphs  383  and  385,  N.  T. 

(2)  We  further  find  that  said  merchandise  was  wool  of  the  third  class,  valued, 
including  charges,  at  less  than  13  cents  per  pound,  and  was  not  sorted  wool,  or  wool 
from  which  a  portion  of  the  fleeces  had  been  rejected  to  increase  the  value  of  the 
remainder  thereof,  but  was  wool  of  the  kind  known  as  skirted  wool  as  imported  at 
the  time  of  the  passage  of  the  present  tariff  act. 

The  importers  claim  that  the  same  was  dutiable  at  32  per  cent  ad  valorem,  as  wool 
of  the  third  class  valued  at  less  than  13  cents  per  pound,  dutiable  under  paragraph 
385,  N.  T. 

In  accordance  with  our  findings  of  fact,  we  hold  that  the  claim  is  well  founded, 
and  the  protest  is  sustained.    (13049 — Ci .  A.  1 554.) 


New  York,  July  16,  1892. 

Dutiable  charges — Cost  of  weighing  wool,  etc. — The  appraiser  in  these 
cases  added  to  the  invoice  price  certain  charges,  to  wit,  charges  incurred  in  weigh- 
ing, porterage,  labor  of  pressing  canvas  and  hoops  to  make  dutiable  value,  and  the 
collector  included  such  charges  in  the  value  for  classification  of  certain  wool  under 
section  19  of  the  act  of  June  10,  1890,  which  provides  that  whenever  imported  mer- 
chandise is  subject  to  an  ad  valorem  rate  of  duty,  or  to  a  duty  based  upon  or  regu- 
lated in  any  manner  by  the  value  thereof,  the  value  of  all  cartons,  cases,  crates, 
boxes,  sacks,  and  coverings  of  any  kind,  and  all  other  costs,  charges,  and  expenses 
incident  to  placing  the  merchandise  in  condition  packed  ready  for  shipment  to  the 
United  States  shall  be  part  of  the  purchase  price  or  foreign  market  value  thereof. 

The  protests  claim  that  said  charges  were  incurred  after  the  bales  of  wool  consti- 
tuting the  importation  were  packed  and  in  a  condition  ready  for  shipment,  and 
hence  that  they  were  not  dutiable.    This  is  the  issue  made  by  the  pleadings. 


256 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


The  cases  were  set  for  hearing  on  June  2,  1892,  and  one  of  the  parties  to  the  pro- 
test appeared  and  testified  in  his  own  behalf.  But  his  testimony  is  by  no  means 
clear  and  it  fails,  we  think,  to  establish  the  verity  of  the  contentions  of  the  several 
protests.  To  be  sure,  the  witness  swears  that  he  buys  wool  "ex-warehouse,"  and 
states  that  "ex-warehouse"  means  "  when  it  is  ready  for  shipment."  He  adds:  "I 
don't  buy  it  in  the  country."  On  cross-examination  by  the  representative  of  the 
Government,  the  witness  admitted  that  he  had  never  been  in  Smyrna,  the  place  of 
export  of  the  merchandise  in  question. 

To  the  question,  "Do  you  know  anything  as  to  the  course  of  business  in  Smyrna!  " 
he  replied,  "Not  positively ;  no,  sir."  He  finally  admitted  that  he  had  never  been  in 
the  places  of  export  of  any  of  the  wool  subject  of  the  protests  under  consideration 
and  that  he  knew  nothing  of  the  course  of  business  in  such  places  except  by  hear- 
say. 

The  proof,  in  our  opinion,  is  not  sufficient  to  rebut  the  presumptions  in  favor  of 
the  verity  of  the  reports  of  the  local  appraiser  and  of  the  return  of  the  collector. 

The  law  of  June  10,  1890,  made  certain  charges  hereinbefore  alluded  to  dutiable 
which  under  previous  laws  had  been  nondutiable.  This  fact  perhaps  explains  the 
indefinite  character  of  the  testimony  offered  by  appellants. 

We  find  as  facts : 

(1)  That  the  various  importations  were  made  under  the  provisions  of  the  new  tariff 
act. 

(2)  That  the  charges  added  by  the  appraiser  and  accepted  as  the  basis  of  classifi- 
cation by  the  collector  were  incurred  in  placing  the  merchandise  in  condition  ready 
for  shipment  to  the  United  States. 

We  therefore  hold  that  the  action  of  the  collector  was  justified  by  both  the  law 
and  the  facts,  and  his  decision  is  affirmed.    (13194 — O.  A.  1615.) 


New  York,  July  25, 1892. 

Waste  wool. — The  merchandise  in  this  case  consists  of  jute  waste,  classified  and 
assessed  for  duty  at  10  per  cent  ad  valorem  under  paragraph  172  of  the  new  tariff  act, 
and  of  cotton  and  wool  waste  classified  and  assessed  for  duty  at  30  cents  per  pound 
under  paragraph  388  of  said  act.  Appellants  claim  that  said  jute  waste  is  entitled  to 
free  entry  under  paragraph  670  of  said  act  and  that  said  cotton  and  wool  waste  is 
entitled  to  free  entry  under  paragraph  549  of  said  act. 

There  was  a  hearing  of  the  case  on  the  7th  of  June,  1892,  at  which  appellants 
appeared  and  submitted  samples  of  the  merchandise  subject  of  controversy. 

An  examination  of  these  samples  shows  the  character  of  the  merchandise :  (1)  The 
jute  waste  appears  to  be  the  refuse  yarns  thrown  off  in  the  process  of  manufacturing 
jute  fabrics.  (2)  The  cotton  and  wool  waste  is  the  refuse  of  a  cotton  and  woolen 
factory,  thrown  off  in  the  process  of  manufacturing  cotton  and  woolen  fabrics. 
Webster  defines  the  word  "  waste"  as  "  refuse;  especially  the  refuse  of  cotton,  silk, 
or  the  like." 

Paragraph  472  of  the  new  tariff  act,  under  which  the  jute  waste  was  assessed  for 
duty,  is  as  follows :  "  Waste,  not  specially  provided  for  in  this  act,  10  per  centum 
ad  valorem." 

Paragraph  388  of  said  act,  under  which  the  cotton  and  woolen  waste  was  assessed 
for  duty,  is  in  part  as  follows :  "  On  noils,  shoddy,  top  waste,  *  *  *  and  all  other 
wastes  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  the  duty  shall  be  30  cents  per  pound." 

A  mere  statement  of  the  facts  strongly  supports  the  correctness  of  the  action  of 
the  collector;  but  the  protest  contributes  somewhat  to  the  same  end.  In  that  docu- 
ment, appellants  say  of  the  cotton  and  woolen  waste: 

A  very  small  percentage  of  woolen  waste  is  contained  in  the  bale,  the  great  bulk 
of  the  contents  being  cotton  waste,  and  that  therefore  the  woolen  waste,  not  being 
an  appreciable  amount,  and  only  contained  in  the  bale  by  accident,  no  duty  should 
have  been  exacted  upon  the  said  bale, 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


257 


It  is  clear  from  this  admission  that  the  so-called  cotton  and  woolen  waste  is  in 
part  wool.  In  a  late  case,  that  of  Knauth,  Nachod  &  Kiilme  v.  The  collector  of 
New  York,  under  date  of  June  10,  1892  (unpublished),  the  hoard  held  that  a  quan- 
tity of  wool  thread  waste  provided  for  in  paragraph  388  of  the  new  tariff  net  at  30 
cents  per  pound  could  not  be  admitted  to  entry  at  10  cents  per  pound  under  para- 
graph 389  of  said  act  by  mixing  it  with  a  larger  quantity  of  mungo. 

We  find  as  facts : 

(1)  That  the  merchandise  was  imported  under  the  new  tariff  act. 

(2)  That  the  samples  submitted  at  the  hearing  and  marked  Exhibit  A  and  Ex- 
hibit Bare  true  samples  of  the  merchandise  under  protest. 

(3)  That  sample  marked  Exhibit  A  is  in  part  woolen  waste,  and  rep  :esents  one 
bale  of  the  merchandise,  No.  81. 

(4)  That  sample  marked  Exhibit  B  is  jute  waste,  consisting  of  refuse  yarns  thrown 
off  in  the  process  of  manufacturing  jute  fabrics,  and  that  there  is  no  evidence  tend- 
ing to  show  that  it  is  designed  for  use  as,  or  is  ht  only  for,  paper  stock;  that  it  is  lit 
for  other  uses;  and  that  it  represents  twelve  bales,  No.  80  and  Nos.  82-92. 

On  these  facts  we  hold  that  the  collector  was  justified  in  assessing  the  merchan- 
dise for  duty.  The  protest  is  overruled  and  the  decision  of  the  collector  affirmed. 
(13217— €J.  A.  1038.) 


New  York,  Augusts,  1892. 

Women's  and  children's  silk  and  worsted  dress  goods,  silk  chief  value. — 
The  merchandise  in  this  case  consists  of  women's  and  children's  dress  goods,  com- 
posed of  silk  and  worsted,  classified  and  assessed  for  duty  at  12  cents  a  square  yard 
and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  395  of  the  new  tariff  act.  Appellants 
claim  that  they  are  entitled  to  enter  the  merchandise  at  50  per  cent  ad  valorem, 
under  the  provisions  of  paragraph  414  of  said  act,  on  the  ground  that  the  component 
material  of  chief  value  therein  is  silk ;  that  it  is  composed  in  part  of  worsted,  and 
that  it  does  not  contain  wool  as  a  component  material. 

The  case  was  heard  on  May  13,  1892,  and  appellants  appeared,  and  one  of  them, 
Charles  Ophuls,  was  sworn  as  a  witness.  In  the  course  of  his  examination  he  veri- 
fied a  sample  of  the  importation  in  question,  and  stated  its  use  to  be  for  women's 
and  children's  dress  goods. 

The  quantitative  analysis  of  the  aforementioned  sample  among  the  papers  shows 
silk  to  be  the  component  material  of  chief  value  therein. 

There  is  no  dispute  about  the  facts  in  this  case.  The  pleadings  present  the  single 
issue  whether  the  merchandise  under  consideration  is  provided  for  in  paragraph  395 
of  the  new  tariff  act  as  classified  by  the  collector,  or  in  paragraph  414  of  said  act  as 
claimed  by  appellants. 

Paragraph  414  is  as  follows: 

All  manufactures  of  silk,  or  of  which  silk  is  the  component  material  of  chief 
value,  not  specially  provided  for  in  this  act,  50  per  cent  ad  valorem. 
Paragraph  395  is  in  part  as  follows : 

On  women's  and  children's  dress  goods  *  *  *  and  goods  of  similar  description 
or  character,  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  *  *  *  worsted  *  *  *  and  not 
specially  provided  for  in  this  act,  the  duty  shall  be  12  cents  per  square  yard,  and  in 
addition  thereto  50  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

It  is  in  proof  that  the  component  material  of  chief  value  in  the  merchandise  here 
is  silk.  This  fact  brings  it  within  the  terms  of  paragraph  414,  unless  it  is  specially 
provided  for  elsewhere  in  the  act.  But  it  is  also  in  proof  (1)  that  the  merchandise 
is  composed  in  part  of  worsted,  and  (2)  is  used  for  women's  and  children's  dress 
goods;  and  women's  and  children's  dress  goods,  composed  in  part  of  worsted,  are 
enumerated  in  paragraph  395. 

It  has  been  held  that  the  words  u  manufactures  of  hair"  are  a  sufficient  designa- 
tion to  place  such  manufactures  among  enumerated  articles.  (Nathan  v.  Butterfield, 
H.  Mis.  94:  17 


258 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


125  U.  S.,  70.)  The  description  here  in  paragraph  395  is  much  more  definite — 
"  women's  and  children's  dress  goods  " — and  one  of  the  appellants,  a  merchant,  called 
as  a  witness,  testifies  that  said  merchandise  is  "  used  for  women's  and  children's 
dress  goods.  It  is  also  matter  of  common  knowledge  that  such  merchandise  is  known 
commercially  as  "  women's  and  children's  dress  goods;"  and  the  commercial  desig- 
nation of  an  article  among  traders  and  importers,  where  such  designation  is  clearly 
established,  fixes  the  character  for  the  purpose  of  the  tariff  laws.  (Arthur  v.  Lahey^ 
96  U.  S.,  11.)  Hence  the  merchandise  here,  not  less  by  reason  of  its  commercial  name 
than  by  the  uses  for  which  it  is  designed,  answers  to  the  enumeration  of  paragraph 
395;  "  women's  and  children's  dress  goods  *  *  *  composed  *  *  *  in  part 
of   *    *    *  worsted." 

We  are  warranted  in  making  a  comparison  of  paragraphs  414  and  395  with  the 
view  of  ascertaining  which  of  them  governs  the  classification  in  the  case  at  bar  by 
the  method  pursued  in  Hartranft  v.  Meyer,  135  (U.  S.,  237).  In  that  case  the  mer- 
chandise was  raatelasse"  cloth  composed  of  silk,  cotton,  and  wool,  silk  being  the 
component  of  chief  value.  Schedule  K,  act  of  1883,  imposed  a  certain  rate  of  duty 
upon  "  all  manufactures  of  wool  of  every  description,  made  wholly  or  in  part  of 
wool,  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for  in  this  act."  Schedule  L  of  said  act 
imposed  a  certain  other  rate  of  duty  upon  all  goods,  wares  and  merchandise,  not 
specially  enumerated  or  provided  for  in  this  act,  made  of  silk  or  of  which  silk  is  the 
component  material  of  chief  value. 

Upon  this  state  of  facts  the  court  remarked: 

If  either  schedule  stood  alone  in  the  statutes  obviously  the  goods  would  be  dutia- 
ble under  that  schedule,  for  they  were  made  in  part  of  wool,  as  described  in  Sched- 
ule K,  and  they  were  goods  of  which  silk  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value, 
as  described  in  Schedule  L. "  *  *  *  It  can  not  be  assumed  that  Congress  intended 
two  rates  for  the  same  goods,  to  be  selected  at  the  pleasure  of  either  the  collector  or 
the  importer.  In  each  schedule  are  found  the  words  "not  specially  enumerated  or 
provided  for  in  this  act,"  so  that  neither  description  is  absolute  or  exclusive.  We 
place  no  stress  on  the  position  of  the  two  schedules  in  the  act,  or  on  the  fact  that 
Schedule  L,  coming  after  Schedule  K,  expresses  the  later  thought  and  purpose  of 
Congress,  but  we  turn  rather  to  the  character  of  the  descriptive  language  used  in 
the  one,  it  being  more  general  than  in  the  other.  In  Schedule  K  it  is  "  made  wholly 
or  in  part  of  wool,"  thereby  reaching  to  all  manufactured  articles  of  which  any  por- 
tion is  wool,  while  in  Schedule  L  it  is  narrower  and  more  limited,  "made  of  silk,  or  of 
which  silk  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value."  This  is  a  special  enumeration 
rather  than  the  other. 

Further,  the  court  quotes  with  approval  the  language  of  Mr.  Justice  Bradley,  to 
the  same  effect  in  Solomon  v.  Arthur  (102  U.  S.,  208). 

The  reasoning  of  this  decision  is  irresistible;  and  we  may  therefore  well  para- 
phrase it,  not  less  on  the  ground  of  its  force,  as  an  argument,  than  on  its  conclusive- 
ness as  an  authority. 

The  case  at  bar  is  parallel  with  the  cases  cited,  but  is  more  pronounced  than  either 
of  them. 

The  merchandise  here  is  women's  and  children's  dress  goods,  composed  in  part  of 
worsted,  silk  being  its  component  material  of  chief  value. 

Paragraph  414  of  the  new  tariff  act  imposes  a  certain  rate  of  duty  upon  all  manu- 
factures of  silk  or  of  which  silk  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value,  not  spec- 
ially provided  for  in  said  act;  while  paragraph  395  imposes  a  certain  other  rate  of 
duty  upon  women's  and  children's  dress  goods,  composed  in  part  of  worsted,  not 
specially  provided  for  in  said  act. 

It  is  obvious  that  if  either  of  these  paragraphs  stood  alone  in  the  statutes,  the 
merchandise  would  be  dutiable  under  that  paragraph ;  for  it  is  women's  and  chil- 
dren's dress  goods,  composed  in  part  of  worsted,  and  the  component  material  of 
chief  value  therein  is  silk.  Neither  description  is  absolute  or  conclusive,  because 
each  paragraph  contains  the  restrictive  clause,  "  not  specially  enumerated  or  pro- 
vided for  in  this  act," 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


259 


Which  of  these  descriptive  provisions  is  the  general  and  which  the  special  enumer- 
ation? That  in  paragraph  414 — "all  manufactures  of  silk  or  of  which  silk  is  the 
component  material  of  chief  value" — applies  to  a  thousand  and  one  articles  made  of 
silk,  or  of  which  silk  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value — to  every  article  of 
silk  or  of  which  silk  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value  not  specially  provided  for 
in  said  act.    It  is  obviously  a  provision  of  very  wide  application. 

Now,  turning  to  the  other  paragraph — 395— we  find  all  the  conditions  of  a  nar- 
rower and  more  definite  enumeration,  to  wit :  (1)  goods  composed  in  part  of  worsted  ; 
(2)  goods  designed  for  a  certain  kind  of  garments,  that  is  to  say,  for  the  making  of 
dresses;  (3)  goods  designed  for  dresses  for  a  certain  class  of  persons  of  the  female 
sex,  namely,  women  and  children. 

In  the  language  of  Mr.  Justice  Brewer  in  the  Hartranft  and  Meyer  case,  "this  is 
a  special  enumeration  rather  than  the  other." 

Further  paraphrasing  the  learned  judge  in  the  same  case: 

Logically,  the  two  phrases,  standing  together  in  the  same  body  of  laws,  would 
be  related  as  follows:  All  manufactures  in  which  silk  is  the  component  material  of 
chief  value  (paragraph  414),  not  specially  provided  for  in  said  act,  shall  pay  a  duty 
of  50  per  cent  ad  valorem ;  but  if  such  manufactures  are  women's  and  children's 
dress  goods,  and  are  composed  in  part  of  worsteds,  they  shall  pay  a  duty  of  12  cents 
a  square  yard  and  in  addition  thereto  50  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

On  the  evidence,  the  record,  and  on  common  knowledge,  obtained  through  inter- 
course with  merchants  and  others  in  the  course  of  the  performance  of  our  official 
duties,  we  find  the  following  facts: 

(1)  That  the  merchandise  subject  of  protest  was  imported  under  the  provisions  of 
the  new  tariff  act. 

(2)  That  it  consists  of  women's  and  children's  dress  goods. 

(3)  That  it  is  composed  in  part  of  worsted,  but  the  component  material  of  chief 
value  therein  is  silk. 

(4)  That  it  is  commercially  known  as  women's  and  children's  dress  goods;  and 

(5)  That  it  is  designed  for  use  as,  and  is  used  for,  women's  and  children's  dress 
goods. 

In  view  of  the  facts,  and  under  the  law,  we  hold  that  the  action  of  the  collector 
was  correct. 

The  protest  is  overruled  and  the  decision  of  the  collector  is  affirmed.  (13387. — 
O.  A.  1667.) 


New  York,  August  18,  1892. 

Antique  tidies  made  of  worsted. — The  goods  covered  by  this  protest  are 
invoiced  as  "  fancy  antique  tidies."  The  netting  or  foundation  of  these  articles  pre- 
sents the  appearance  of  crochet  work,  but  is  in  fact  lace.  The  meshes  of  this  lace 
are  about  one-half  of  1  inch  square,  and  are  filled  in  with  cotton  threads,  metal 
threads,  and  worsted  yarn,  respectively. 

The  collector  classified  the  merchandise  as  worsted  embroidery,  and  assessed  duty 
thereon  at  60  cents  per  pound  and  60  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  398,  N.  T. 

Of  the  several  claims  made  by  the  appellants  in  their  protest  the  Board  will  refer 
to  but  one,  namely :  That  the  merchandise  is  dutiable  at  60  per  cent  ad  valorem  as 
cotton  lace.  This  claim,  in  our  opinion,  is  well  founded.  The  worsted  and  metal 
work  applied  to  the  cotton  lace  does  not  partake  of  the  nature  of  embroidery.  This 
work  is  performed  by  machinery,  and  consists  of  filling  certain  of  the  meshes  with 
worsted  yarn  and  metal  thread,  by  wrapping  these  substances  about  the  cotton 
threads  forming  the  squares  or  meshes,  and  thus  creating  an  effect  indifferently 
resembling  embroidery. 

We  make  these  findings  of  facts  as  to  the  merchandise: 

(1)  It  is  known  commercially  as  lace  tidies. 


260 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


(2)  These  articles  are  composed  of  cotton,  metal,  and  worsted,  of  which  materials 
cotton  in  the  finished  state  is  the  greatest  in  value. 

(3)  These  tidies  are  not  embroidered  by  hand  or  machinery. 

In  accordance  with  these  findings,  we  hold  the  goods  are  dutiable  at  60  per  cent  ad 
valorem,  under  paragraph  373,  N.  T.,  and  to  this  extent  sustain  the  protest. 
(13296.— G.  A.,  1670.) 


New  York,  September  17,  1892. 

Miners'  hats  of  wool  and  resin. — The  goods  in  question  are  molded  into  the 
form  of  hats  and  are  invoiced  as  hats.  They  are  intended  to  be  worn  by  miners,  and 
are  composed  of  resin  and  wool.  Duty  was  assessed  upon  these  articles  at  V6\  cents 
per  pound  and  30  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  393,  as  hats  of  wool. 

The  appellants  claim  the  articles  to  be  dutiable  at  10  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under 
paragraph  24,  as  resin  advanced  in  condition  by  a  process  of  manufacture,  or  at  20 
per  cent  ad  valorem,  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  section  4,  act  of  October 
1, 1890. 

The  Board  is  in  possession  of  a  quantitative  analysis  of  a  sample  of  the  merchan- 
dise and  the  relative  value  per  pound  of  the  several  component  parts  thereof,  and 
we  find  as  facts  that  wool  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value  entering  into  the 
fabrication  of  the  goods  in  question  and  that  they  are  hats  of  wool- 

The  protest  is  overruled  and  the  collector's  decision  is  affirmed.  (13350. — O.  A 
1760.) 


Treasury  Department,  Octoher,  21, 1892. 

Wool  on  shearling  sheepskins.— The  Department  having,  on  the  23d  of  August 
last,  designated  a  committee  to  establish  a  dividing  line  between  shearling  sheep- 
skins, the  wool  on  which  has  no  commercial  value  and  may  be  admitted  free,  and 
those  on  which  the  wool  is  sufficiently  long  to  be  subject  to  classification  and,  con- 
sequently, to  duty,  said  committee,  on  the  19th  instant,  submitted  the  following 
report,  which  is  hereby  adopted  as  the  rule  for  the  guidance  of  customs  officers  in 
the  classification  of  imported  shearling  sheepskins: 

The  wool  on  all  shearlings  has  a  commercial  value,  but  from  the  investigations 
made  by  this  committee  we  are  of  the  opinion  that  the  avooI  on  shearling  sheepskins 
which  does  not  exceed  one  quarter  of  an  inch  in  length  on  the  body  of  the  pelt  is  of 
such  little  value  that  the  wool  should  be  passed  free  of  duty,  and  that  all  shearling 
skins  where  the  wool  exceeds  one-quarter  of  an  inch  in  length  should  be  subject  to 
duty.  (13419.) 


New  York,  August  4,  1891. 
Sorted  third-class  wool. — The  protests  filed  in  these  cases  involve  the  con- 
struction of  paragraph  383,  Schedule  K,  of  the  tariff  act  of  October  1,  1890,  and 
especially  of  what  is  commonly  known  as  the  wool  " sorting  clauses"  of  said  para- 
graph. 

We  append  the  entire  paragraph,  as  follows,  for  a  full  understanding  of  its  pro- 
visions  : 

383.  The  duty  upon  wool  of  the  sheep  or  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other 
like  animals  which  shall  be  imported  in  any  other  than  ordinary  condition,  or 
which  shall  be  changed  in  its  character  or  condition  for  the  purpose  of  evading  the 
duty,  or  which  shall  be  reduced  in  value  by  the  admixture  of  dirt  or  any  other 
foreign  substance,  or  which  has  been  sorted  or  increased  in  value  by  the  rejection 
of  any  part  of  the  original  fleece,  shall  be  twice  the  duty  to  which  it  would  be 
otherwise  subject:  Provided,  That  skirted  wools  as  now  imported  are  hereby 
excepted.  Wools  on  which  a  duty  is  assessed  amounting  to  three  times  or  more  than 
that  which  would  be  assessed  if  said  wool  was  imported  unwashed,  such  duty  shall 
not  be  doubled  on  account  of  its  being  sorted.  If  any  bale  or  package  of  wool  or 
hair  specified  in  this  act  imported  as  of  any  specified  class  or  claimed  by  the 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


261 


importer  to  be  dutiable  as  of  any  specified  class  shall  contain  any  wool  or  hair  sub- 
ject to  a  higher  rate  of  duty  than  the  class  so  specified,  the  whole  bale  or  package 
shall  be  subject  to  the  highest  rate  of  duty  chargeable  on  wool  of  the  class  subject 
to  such  higher  rate  of  duty,  and  if  any  bale  or  package  be  claimed  by  the  importer 
to  be  shoddy,  mungo,  hocks,  wool,  hair,  or  other  material  of  any  class  specified  in 
this  act,  and  such  bale  contain  any  admixture  of  any  one  or  more  of  said  materials, 
or  of  any  other  material,  the*  whole  bale  or  package  shall  be  subject  to  duty  at  the 
highest  rate  imposed  upon  any  article  in  said  bale  or  package. 

The  merchandise  in  the  case  of  E.  S.  Higgins  &  Co.  (No.  10362a)  is  returned  to  the 
local  appraiser  as  "  wool  of  the  third  class/'  a  "  portion  of  it  costing  over  13  cent, 
per  pound,  and  the  rest  costing  under  13  cents  per  pound  sorted." 

In  the  case  of  H.  C.  Thacher  (No.  11106a),  the  merchandise  was  also  returned  as 
wool  of  the  third  class,  valued  at  less  than  13  cents  per  pound,  which  is  stated  to 
have  been  "sorted." 

The  wool  was  accordingly  returned  for  duty  at  64  and  100  per  cent  ad  valorem 
respectively,  under  paragraphs  378,  383,  385,  and  386,  these  rates  being  assessed  as 
"twice  the  duty"  to  which  such  merchandise  would  "be  otherwise  subject" 
within  the  supposed  meaning  of  said  paragraph  383,  i.  e.,  twice  32  and  50  per  cent, 
respectively. 

The  following  specific  contentions  are  raised  in  these  cases : 

(1)  That  the  provisions  of  paragraph  383,  relating  to  the  subject  of  "  sorting,"  or, 
in  other  words,  the  sorting  clauses  of  said  paragraph,  are  inapplicable  to  wools  of 
the  third  class,  and  wrere  never  intended  by  Congress  to  be  so  applied. 

(2)  That  "sorting/'  within  the  meaning  of  said  paragraph,  includes  only  such 
manipulation  of  wools  by  the  rejection  of  apart  of  the  original  fleece  as  may  result 
in  an  increase  of  value,  and  that  sorts  composed  of  the  inferior  portions  of  the 
fleeces  can  not  be  held  liable  to  double  duty,  even  if  those  increased  in  value  are  so 
liable. 

(3)  That  the  grading  of  the  wools  by  a  separation  of  the  fleeces  merely  according 
to  colors  is  not  "sorting"  within  the  proper  signification  of  that  word. 

(4)  That  if  liable  to  double  duty  as  sorted  wool,  the  duty  should  be  doubled  only 
in  its  value  in  an  unsorted  and  not  a  sorted  condition. 

We  have  afforded  adverse  interests  (the  woolgrowers  and  carpet  manufacturers, 
including  other  importers)  a  full  opportunity  to  be  heard  on  these  questions,  enter- 
taining as  we  do  a  due  appreciation  of  the  difficulties  involved  in  their  proper  solu- 
tion. These  difficulties  are  enhanced  by  the  manifest  fact  that  paragraph  383  of  the 
present  tariff  act,  where  the  wool  "  sorting  clause"  appears  for  the  first  time,  seems 
to  have  been  formulated  amid  the  struggles  of  these  contending  interests,  each  seek- 
ing to  obtain  a  law  expressive  of  the  views  now  contended  for  in  the  opposite  con- 
structions respectively  insisted  on  by  them  before  this  board  in  argument. 

In  construing  legislation  on  this  subject  no  great  light  is  obtained  by  going  beyond 
the  act  of  March  2, 1867  (14  Stat,  at  Large,  559),  entitled  "An  act  to  provide  increased 
revenue  from  imported  wool,  and  for  other  purposes,"  which  for  the  first  time  pro- 
vided for  a  classification  of  wools  into  three  classes,  designated  as  "clothing  wools," 
"combing  wools,"  and  "carpet  and  other  similar  wools."  (Rev.  Stat.,  1878,  pp.  470, 
471.) 

The  language  of  that  act  was  not  changed  by  the  act  of  March  3,  1883,  paragraph 
356  of  which  reads  as  follows  (Elmes's  Law  of  Customs,  p.  435) : 

356.  The  duty  on  wools  of  the  first  class  which  shall  be  imported  washed  shall  be 
twice  the  amount  of  the  duty  to  which  they  would  be  subjected  if  imported  unwashed ; 
and  the  duty  on  wools  of  all  classes  which  shall  be  imported  scoured  shall  be  three 
times  the  duty  to  which  they  would  be  subjected  if  imported  unwashed.  The  duty 
upon  wool  of  the  sheep,  or  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  and  other  like  animals,  which 
shall  be  imported  in  any  other  than  ordinary  condition,  as  now  and  heretofore  prac- 
ticed, or  which  shall  be  changed  in  its  character  or  condition  for  the  purpose  of 
evading  the  duty,  or  which  shall  be  reduced  in  value  by  the  admixture  of  dirt  or 
any  other  foreign  substance,  shall  be  twice  the  duty  to  which  it  would  be  otherwise 
subject.  • 


262 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


It  is  a  settled  rule  of  legal  construction  that  in  construing  a  tariff  revenue  system 
consisting  of  various  acts  passed  at  different  times,  each  alteration  is  to  be  regarded 
in  connection  with  the  entire  system,  and  "no  disturbance  will  be  allowed  of  exist- 
ing legislative  rules  of  general  application  beyond  the  clear  intention  of  Congress." 
(Saxonville  Mills  v.  Russell,  116  U.  8.,  13.) 

The  leading  purpose  of  the  paragraph  under  consideration  is  to  prevent  frauds  on 
the  revenue  by  changing  the  ordinary  character  or  condition  of  wool  in  any  of  the 
modes  specified  so  as  to  increase  the  embarrassments  attending  its  classification  and 
the  estimate  of  its  market  value. 

To  this  end  the  law  levies  a  double  duty  with  certain  exceptions  for  the  following 
acts  of  manipulation  as  applied  to  "wool  of  the  sheep  or  hair  of  the  camel,  alpaca, 
and  other  like  animals,"  when  imported  into  this  country : 

(1)  If  such  merchandise  is  "imported  in  any  other  than  ordinary  condition,"  i.  e., 
as  practiced  at  the  time  the  tariff  act  was  passed,  and  prior  thereto. 

(2)  If  the  merchandise  is  "changed  in  its  character  or  condition  for  the  purpose  of 
evading  the  duty." 

(3)  If  "reduced  in  value  by  the  admixture  of  dirt  or  any  other  foreign  substance." 

(4)  If  "sorted  or  increased  in  value  by  the  rejection  of  any  part  of  the  original 
fleece." 

(5)  If  two  or  more  specified  classes  of  wool  or  hair  are  mingled  in  any  one  bale 
or  package,  the  whole  bale  or  package  is  subject  to  the  higher  rate  of  duty  to 
which  any  part  is  subject. 

Keeping  in  view  this  analysis  of  the  law  and  the  purposes  of  its  enactment,  we 
proceed  to  consider  the  several  contentions  raised  by  the  protest: 

(1)  We  can  see  no  escape  from  the  conclusion  that  paragraph  383,  including  the 
sorting  clauses,  is  applicable  to  wools  of  every  class.  It  enumerates,  generally, 
"wool  of  the  sheep  or  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other  like  animals,"  and 
refers  to  the  duties  on  these  articles.  No  distinction  is  made  as  to  the  different 
classes  of  wools  or  hair.  No  exception's  made  of  the  third  class,  nor  is  any  other 
qualification  affixed  limiiing  its  application.  We  are  not  authorized  to  introduce  an 
exception  or  qualification  to  a  statute  which  Congress  has  not  introduced  in  the 
language  of  the  law,  if  such  language,  as  here,  is  clear  and  unambiguous.  (Potter's* 
Dwarris  Stat.,  200.) 

So  far  as  concerns  the  letter  of  paragraph  383,  there  is  just  as  much  reason  for 
excepting  wool  of  the  third  class  from  its  other  penal  conditions  as  from  the  one 
relating  to  "sorting." 

That  duties  may  be  doubled  on  account  of  sorting  is  clear,  moreover,  from  the  fol- 
lowing clause  in  said  paragraph:  "  Wools  on  which  a  duty  is  assessed  amounting  to 
three  times  or  more  than  that  which  would  be  assessed  if  said  wool  was  imported 
unwashed,  such  duty  shall  not  be  doubled  on  account  of  its  being  sorted" 

It  is  true  that  in  the  debates  of  the  U.  S.  House  of  Representatives,  when  cer- 
tain amendments  made  to  this  paragraph  were  the  subject  of  discussion,  the 
chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means  is  reported  to  have  interpreted  it  as 
imposing  only  simple  ad  valorem  duties  upon  wool  of  the  third  class.  That  opinion 
can  not  change  the  legal  construction  of  the  law  where  the  meaning  is  otherwise 
plain.  The  parliamentary  history  of  an  enactment  is  often  consulted  to  throw  light 
upon  clauses  of  doubtful  meaning,  but  generally  the  sound  rule  of  construction,  as 
stated  by  a  standard  author,  is  that  "courts  are  not  at  liberty  to  recur  to  the  views 
of  individual  members  of  the  legislature  in  debate  to  ascertain  the  meaning  of  a 
statute,  or,  at  the  most,  the  views  so  expressed  as  to  the  object  and  effect  of  partic- 
ular provisions  of  an  act  under  discussion  are  entitled  to  very  little  weight."  (End- 
lich  on  Interpretation  of  Statutes,  §  30,  p.  41.)  And  this  is  the  doctrine  of  the 
U.  S.  Supreme  Court  itself.  (United  States  v.  Union  Pacific  R.  R.  Co.,  91  U.  S., 
72.)  The  law,  moreover,  is  the  concurrent  language  of  the  Senate  and  of  the 
President  wko  approved  it,  as  well  as  of  the  House,  and  there  is  nothing  to  indicate 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


263 


that  this  concurring  body  or  department  intended  it  to  speak  anything  not  expressed 
in  its  language. 

The  arguments  urged  as  to  the  injustice  resulting  from  this  conclusion,  or  showing 
the  embarrassments  attending  the  practical  application  of  the  law  as  thus  construed, 
are  more  properly  addressed  to  the  lawmaking  power.  We  can  not  be  properly 
influenced  by  them  as  factors  in  construing  the  law,  which  is  our  only  function. 

We  accordingly  decide  that  the  " sorting  clauses"  of  said  paragraph  apply  to  all 
wools,  including  those  of  the  third  class. 

(2)  The  contention  is  further  made,  and,  in  our  judgment,  is  correctly  taken,  that 
the  word  " sorting,"  as  used  in  the  paragraph  under  consideration  (383),  must  be 
construed  according  to  its  statutory  definition,  as  there  specified.  It  is  limited,  so 
far  as  double  duties  are  concerned,  to  such  portions  of  the  fleeces  as  have  been 
increastd  in  value  per  pound  above  the  value  of  the  entire  fleece  from  which  the 
wool  was  taken. 

The  language  is  u  which  has  been  sorted  or  increased  in  value  by  the  rejection  of 
any  part  of  the  original  fleece." 

These  alternative  phrases,  in  our  judgment,  are  to  be  construed  as  equivalent  in 
meaning. 

"  Sorting,"  it  is  true,  as  usually  defined,  means  that  process  preliminary  to  wool 
manufacturing  necessary  to  lit  the  article  for  textile  purposes,  which  consists  in  clas- 
sifying by  separation  the  fibers  of  the  fleece  as  clipped  from  the  sheep's  body,  " ac- 
cording to  length,  fineness,  elasticity,  and  soundness  of  staple."  The  wool  varies  in 
quality  in  different  parts  of  the  animal,  as  many  as  twelve  or  fourteen  "  sorts"  being 
sometimes  obtained  from  a  single  fleece,  but  frequently  not  more  than  from  five  to 
seven  qualities.  This  is  fully  explained  in  the  testimony  of  experts  taken  before 
the  board,  as  well  as  by  reputable  works  on  wool  manufacture.  (Spon's  Eiicyc.  of 
Manf.  and  Raw  Materials,  vol.  2,  p.  2060;  Beaumont's  Woolens  and  Worsted  Cloth 
Manf.,  p.  — .) 

Our  reasons  for  holding  that  the  "  sorting,"  as  here  referred  to,  is  confined  to  that 
process  which  increases  the  value  of  the  sorted  article  above  the  average  per  pound 
before  sorting,  are  the  following :  The  statute  is  to  be  construed  in  the  light  of  the 
evil  intended  to  be  remedied  by  it.  Prior  to  its  enactment  it  was  a  practice  prevail- 
ing among  the  carpet  manufacurers  of  this  country  to  sort  wool  of  the  third  class  by 
rejecting  the  inferior  qualities  of  the  fleece  so  as  to  increase  the  value  of  the 
remainder  and  to  import  the  superior  quality  thus  obtained,  leaving  the  other  behind 
uuimported.  This  fact  was  brought  to  the  attention  of  the  Committee  on  Ways 
and  Means  in  the  U.  S.  House  of  Representatives  and  made  the  basis  of  a  specific 
complaint  by  the  woolgrowers,  who  were  contending  for  protective  rates  of  duty 
for  their  particular  industry  of  sheepraising.  Moreover,  a  rejection  of  any  part  of 
the  fleece,  so  as  to  increase  it  in  value  above  the  average,  is  a  mode  of  sorting  in 
itself  and  would  be  tautological,  unless  intended  to  define  the  word  so  as  to  con- 
fine its  meaning  to  this  process  involving  the  rejection  of  the  inferior  qualities  of 
the  fleece. 

(3)  We  are  satisfied,  furthermore,  that  a  grading  of  wools  by  assembling  the  whole 
fleeces  according  to  colors  merely  is  not  a  sorting  of  such  wools  within  the  meaning 
of  the  statute  under  consideration. 

The  evidence  before  the  board  shows  that  the  practice  for  thirty  years  past  has 
been  to  grade  East  India  wools  according  to  color,  and  that  this  process  is  not 
regarded  as  "  sorting"  within  the  ordinary  signification  of  that  word.  And  we  so 
decide. 

(4)  The  fourth  contention  involves  the  construction  of  the  phrase  "  shall  be  twice 
the  duty  to  which  it  (the  wool  or  hair)  would  be  otherwise  subject." 

As  applied  to  wools,  sorted  by  rejection  of  any  part  of  the  original  fleece  so  as  to 
increase  it  in  value  above  the  average  per  pound,  this  clearly  means  that  the  duty 
on  the  sorted  wool  shall  be  twice  that  to  which  the  fleece  in  its  unsorted  condition 
would  be  liable.    (Arthur  v.  Pastor,  109  U.  S.,  139.) 


264 


WOOL  AXD  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


(5)  The  "  skirted  wools,"  referred  to  in  paragraph  383  by  way  of  exception  in  the 
proviso,  mean  fleeces  from  which  the  skirts  have  been  removed  by  clipping.  The 
"skirts"  embrace  portions  of  the  stained  or  inferior  locks  taken  from  the  belly  and 
legs,  and,  sometimes,  from  the  neck.  Wools  merely  skirted  without  further  manip- 
ulation are  not  regarded  as  sorted  within  the  meaning  of  said  paragraph  383,  nor  are 
they  otherwise  subject  to  the  penalties  there  prescribed  by  reason  of  being  skirted. 

We  find  as  matter  of  fact  in  these  cases: 

(1)  That  the  importation  in  each  case  embraces  wool  of  the  third  class,  within  the 
meaning  of  paragraph  378  of  the  present  tariff  law. 

(2)  The  portion  returned  by  the  appraiser  as  costing  over  13  cents  per  pound  was 
of  this  value,  and  that  returned  as  costing  less  than  this  sum  was  of  the  value  so 
stated. 

(3)  That  the  merchandise  is  East  India  wool,  and  that  it  has  been  the  common 
practice  to  import  this  kind  of  wool  into  the  United  States  separated  or  sorted  as  to 
colors  the  past  twenty  or  thirty  years. 

(4)  The  merchandise  has  not  been  changed  in  its  character  or  condition  for  the  pur- 
pose of  evading  the  duty,  nor  has  it  been  reduced  in  value  by  the  admixture  of  dirt 
or  any  other  foreign  substance. 

(5)  In  the  case  of  Higgins  &  Co.  there  has  been  a  separation  of  the  importation  as 
to  color  into  gray,  yellow,  and  white  wools,  and  a  separation  as  to  quality  of  the 
white  wools,  but  not  as  to  the  gray  and  the  yellow. 

The  gray  and  yellow  have  depreciated  in  value  per  pound  below  the  average 
value  of  the  lot  before  separation:  but  the  white  wool  has  appreciated  in  value  by 
reason  of  a  separation  as  to  quality.  The  average  value  of  the  gray,  yellow,  and 
white  we  find  to  have  been  about  12  cents.  The  average  value  of  the  white  we  find 
to  be  about  18  cents. 

(6)  We  find  that  the  collector  estimated  the  duty  on  all  of  these  wools  by  making 
it  twice  what  it  would  have  been  on  the  value  of  the  wool  in  its  present  condition 
and  not  in  its  condition  prior  to  manipulation  by  assorting. 

(7)  We  find  that  the  white  wool  in  the  importation  of  Higgins  &  Co.,  in  addition 
to  the  process  of  classifying  as  to  color,  has  also  been  further  separated  and  classi- 
fied as  to  quality  so  as  to  increase  its  value.  It  is  therefore  " sorted'7  within  the 
meaning  of  paragraph  383.    The  gray  and  the  yellow  wool  has  not  been  so  "  sorted. " 

(8)  The  wool  covered  by  the  protest  in  the  case  of  Thatcher  &  Co.  has  been 
reduced  and  not  increased  in  value  by  the  rejection  of  a  portion  of  the  original 
fleece,  i.  e.,  reduced  below  the  average  value  per  pound  of  the  whole  fleece  from 
which  it  was  taken. 

These  views  operate  to  reverse  the  collector's  decision  in  each  importation,  which 
decisions,  it  is  proper  to  state,  seem  to  have  been  made  in  deference  to  a  suggestion 
made  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  designed  to  bring  the  "  sorting  clauses"  of 
the  present  tariff  law  before  this  board  for  construction. 

It  is  proper  to  add  that  in  reliquidating  the  entries  proper  regard  must  be  had  to 
the  limitation  imposed  by  the  following  clause  of  said  paragraph  383:  "  Wools  on 
which  a  duty  is  assessed  amounting  to  three  limes  or  more  than  that  which  could  be 
assessed  if  said  wool  was  imported  unwashed,  such  duty  shall  not  be  doubled  on 
account  of  its  being  sorted." 

So  the  duty  can  not  be  "  assessed  upon  an  amount  less  than  the  invoice  or  entered 
value,"  as  generally  provided  in  section  7  of  the  act  of  June  10, 1890. 

The  decision  of  the  collector  in  each  case  is  reversed,  and  he  is  authorized  to 
reliquidate  the  entries  according  to  law.    (G.  A.  797*) 


New  York,  December  4,  1891. 
Embroidered  woolen  robes. — The  goods  in  question  are  so-called  robes.  They 
consist  of  combination  dress  patterns  composed  of  wool.    The  portion  of  the  mate- 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.. 


265 


riali  n tended  for  the  skirts  of  the  dresses  is  plain,  and  the  remainder  is  more  or  less 
elaborately  embroidered  with  silk. 

The  goods  were  invoiced  as  entireties  and  were  so  returned  for  duty  under  para- 
graph 398,  act  October  1,  1890,  at  60  cents  per  pound  and  60  per  cent  ad  valorem,  the 
rate  provided  therein  for  "  embroideries,*7  composed  of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the 
camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other  animals,  and  made  applicable  to  these  goods  by  the  pro- 
visions of  paragraph  373  of  the  said  act. 

At  the  hearing  in  the  case  counsel  for  the  importers  appeared  before  the  board 
and  advanced  the  following  argument  in  support  of  the  protest : 

(1)  That  the  goods  in  question  are  subject  to  no  greater  duty  than  44  cents  per 
pound  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  paragraph 
395,  upon  the  grounds  that  although  the  merchandise  is  a  textile  fabric  composed 
of  wool,  embroidered  by  hand  or  machinery  with  silk,  the  proviso  attached  to  par- 
graph  373  is  so  grammatically  constructed  that  the  words  "  materials  of  which  they 
are  respectively  composed'*  refer  to  the  noun  "  embroideries,"  and  not  to  wearing 
apparel  and  textile  fabrics ;  consequently  the  proviso,  so  far  as  it  applies  to  the 
goods  in  question,  must  be  construed  as  if  reading  "  textile  fabrics  embroidered  with 
silk  shall  not  pay  a  less  rate  of  duty  than  60  per  cent  ad  valorem,  the  rate  fixed  upon 
embroideries  of  silk,"  and  inasmuch  as  60  per  cent  ad  valorem  is  less  than  44  cents 
per  pound  and  50  per  cent  in  the  present  case,  the  last-named  rate  (which  is  the  rate 
claimed  in  the  protest)  prevails. 

(2)  That  the  merchandise  is  of  two  kinds,  separately  provided  for  in  the  tariff,  the 
value  of  each  kind  easy  of  determination,  and  that  the  appraising  officer  should 
have  stated  the  value  of  the  embroideries  and  plain  fabrics  and  the  collector  asses- 
sed only  upon  the  goods  at  the  respective  rates  applicable  thereto. 

The  first  contention  of  the  appellants  is,  in  our  opinion,  without  force.  The 
subject  of  the  proviso  attached  to  paragraph  373  is  wearing  apparel  and  textile 
fabrics  embroidered  by  hand  or  machinery,  and  the  words  "materials  of  which  they 
are  respectively  composed"  relate  to  the  subject-matter  of  the  sentence.  Without 
stopping  to  consider  how  this  sentence  should  have  been  grammatically  constructed, 
we  find  no  difficulty  in  arriving  at  the  intent  of  Congress  in  framing  the  proviso 
under  consideration,  viz,  that  textile  fabrics  composed  of  wool,  when  embroidered 
by  hand  or  machinery,  should  be  treated  for  dutiable  purposes  as  if  they  were 
embroideries  composed  of  wool. 

In  Sullivan  v.  Robertson,  (37  Fed.  Rep.,  778)  Judge  Lacombe  said :  "  The  statutes 
are  not  to  be  construed  by  any  mere  strict  or  critical  interpretation  according  to 
grammatical  rules.  "  This  we  esteem  to  be  a  sound  principle  of  revenue  law.  We 
accordingly  overrule  the  first  contention  of  the  appellants. 

In  G.  A.  888  the  Board  held  that  the  appraiser  at  Boston  acted  correctly  in  segre- 
gating the  value  of  embroidered  and  plain  materials  composing  dress  patterns  sim- 
ilar to  the  merchandise  in  dispute,  and  we  incline  to  the  opinion  that  the  several 
parts  of  the  so-called  robes  covered  by  this  protest  should  have  been  treated  in  the 
same  manner.  It  would  be  a  hardship  to  impose  a  higher  rate  of  duty  at  one  port 
than  at  another  upon  similar  goods.  The  statutes  must  be  construed,  under  the  la  w, 
with  a  view  to  securing  uniformity  at  all  ports. 

The  so-called  robes  in  this  case  are  dress  patterns,  consisting  of  two  pieces  of  cloth, 
not  fashioned  or  further  manufactured  than  cut  into  suitable  lengths  to  be  made 
into  robes.  The  pieces  are  subject  to  different  rates  of  duty,  and  the  appraiser 
should  have  appraised  the  value  of  the  respective  kinds,  and  the  duty  fixed  by  law 
should  have  been  imposed  thereon.  To  this  extent  the  protest  is  sustained,  and  the 
entry  should  be  so  reliquidated.    (€r.  A,  1066.)  (a) 


a  Modified  by  Nr>.  13983— G.  A.  2088. 


266 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Treasury  Department,  January  27, 189S. 

Worsted  and  silk  goods. — The  Depaitment  is  in  receipt  of  a  letter,  dated  the 
13th  instant,  from  the  U.  S.  attorney  for  the  southern  district  of  New  York,  in 
which  he  reports  the  trial,  on  the  3d  instant,  of  the  so-called  appraiser's  suit  No. 
76,  arising  on  the  application  of  Mr.  George  M.  B.  Mudge  for  a  review  of  the  decision 
of  the  Board  of  General  Appraisers  at  New  York  concerning  the  dutiable  classifica- 
tion of  certain  merchandise  imported  by  him  in  July,  1890,  in  which  a  verdict  was 
rendered  in  favor  of  the  importer. 

It  appears  that  the  goods  in  controversy  were  composed  in  part  of  worsted  and  in 
part  of  silk,  silk  being  the  component  material  of  chief  value,  which  the  collector 
classified  as  dutiable  at  the  rates  prescribed  by  paragraph  365  of  the  act  of  March  3, 
1883,  for  goods  composed  in  part  of  wool,  worsted,  etc.,  against  which  the  importer 
protested,  claiming  that  the  goods  were  dutiable  at  the  rate  only  of  50  per  cent  ad 
valorem  as  manufactures  of  silk,  under  the  provisions  of  paragraph  383  of  said  act, 
and  took  the  case  to  the  Board  of  U.  S.  General  Appraisers,  who  affirmed  the 
decision  of  the  collector,  whereupon  the  importer  appealed  to  the  court  under  sec- 
tion 15  of  the  act  of  June  10,  1890,  with  the  result  as  aforesaid. 

The  district  attorney  states  that  the  court  reversed  the  decision  of  the  collector 
and  the  Board  of  II.  S.  General  Appraisers,  under  the  authority  of  Hartranft 
v.  Meyer  (135  U.  S.,  237)  and  Liebenroth  v.  Robertson  (144  U.  S.,  35),  wherein  the 
principle  is  enunciated  that  "  instead  of  making  duty  depend  on  the  highest  rate  at 
which  any  component  part  is  chargeable,  it  is  made  to  depend  on  the  highest  rate 
at  which  the  component  material  of  chief  value  is  chargeable." 

Upon  submitting  the  matter  to  the  U.  S.  Attorney-General,  under  the  provisions 
of  section  15  of  the  act  of  June  10,  1890,  that  officer  advises  this  Department  that  the 
case  will  not  be  pursued  in  a  higher  court. 

You  are  therefore  hereby  authorized  to  take  measures  looking  to  a  refund  of  the 
duty  exacted  in  excess  on  the  goods  in  question.  (13051.) 


New  York,  December  21,  1892. 

Chinese  trousers. — The  merchandise  in  question  consists  of  Chinese  trousers, 
which  the  appellants  claim  are  made  of  cotton  and  down,  or  feathers,  and  as  such 
dutiable  under  paragraphs  355,  349,  or  443,  N.  T. 

The  exhibit  in  the  case  was  submitted  to  the  chemist  in  charge  of  the  laboratory 
connected  with  the  U.  S.  appraisers'  department  at  New  York  for  analysis.  That 
officer  reports  that  he  has  examined  the  articles  and  they  are  found  to  consist  for 
the  most  part  of  wool  of  the  Donskoi  quality,  hard  spun  or  twisted.  The  wool  is 
the  material  greatly  preponderating  in  weight  and  value  over  the  other  components. 

We  find  as  facts  that  the  merchandise  is  clothing,  ready-made,  composed  wholly 
or  in  part  of  wool,  and  hold  that  duty  was  properly  assessed  thereon  at  49£  cents  per 
pound  and  60  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  396,  N.  T.  The  protest  is  over- 
ruled, and  the  collector's  decision  is  affirmed.    ( lJi674 — C*.  A.  1912.) 


Treasury  Department,  February  15,  1S93. 

Worsted  silk  embroidered  shawls. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  a  letter, 
dated  the  10th  instant,  from  the  U.  S  attorney  for  the  southern  district  of  New  York, 
in  which  he  reports  that  the  appeal  of  the  United  States  from  the  judgment  of  the 
U.  S.  circuit  court  at  New  York  in  the  case  of  certain  worsted  silk  embroidered 
shawls,  imported  by  Sehefer,  Schramm  &  Vogel,  has  been  decided  by  the  U.  S. 
circuit  court  of  appeals  in  favor  of  the  importers. 

The  facts  in  the  case  appear  to  be  that  the  above-named  parties  imported  per  Citfic, 
April  22,  1891,  and  per  The  Queen,  April  30,  1891,  certain  shawls  composed  of  worsted 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


267 


and  embroidered  with  silk,  returned  by  the  appraiser  as  duitable  at  the  rate  of  60 
cents  per  pound  and  60  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  the  provision  found  in  paragraph 
398  of  the  act  of  October  1,  1890,  which  provides  those  rates  for  embroideries  of  which 
worsted  is  a  component  material,  and  the  proviso  of  paragraph  373,  the  importers 
claiming  that  the  goods  were  dutiable  either  at  the  rates  applicable  to  manufactures 
made  wholly  or  in  part  of  worsted,  provided  for  in  paragraph  392,  or  at  the  rate  of 
49^  cents  per  pound  and  60  per  cent  ad  valorem  as  wearing  apparel,  under  the  pro- 
visions of  paragraph  396  of  said  act;  that  npon  taking  the  case  to  the  Board  of 
U.  S.  General  Appraisers,  the  decision  of  the  collector  was  affirmed  {see  G.  A.  1061  in 
in  a  similar  case),  whereupon  the  parties  applied  to  the  court,  under  the  provisions  of 
section  15  of  the  act  of  June  10,  1890,  and  obtained  a  verdict  sustaining  their  con- 
tention that  the  goods  were  dutiable  under  paragraph  392  as  manufactures  made 
wholly  or  in  part  of  worsted,  and  reversing  the  decision  of  the  collector  and  the 
Board  of  the  U.  S.  General  Appraisers.  Upon  the  rendition  of  this  decision,  and 
under  the  advice  of  the  U.  S.  Attorney-General,  the  case  was  appealed  by  the  Gov- 
ernment to  the  circuit  court  of  appeals  with  the  result  aforesaid. 
The  language  of  the  circuit  court  of  appeals  is  as  follows  : 

The  collector  imposed  a  duty  of  60  cents  per  pound  and  60  per  cent  ad  valorem 
under  paragraph  398  of  the  same  act,  which  placed  that  duty  upon  embroideries 
made  of  worsted,  and  under  the  general  proviso  contained  in  paragraph  373  of  the 
same  act,  which  is  as  follows: 

"Provided,  That  articles  of  wearing  apparel  and  textile  fabrics,  when  embroidered 
by  hand  or  machinery,  and  whether  specially  or  otherwise  proAdded  for  in  this  act, 
shall  not  pay  a  less  rate  of  duty  than  that  fixed  by  the  respective  paragraphs  and. 
schedules  of  this  act  upon  embroideries  of  the  material  of  which  they  are  respec- 
tively composed." 

Silk  embroideries  are  dutiable  under  the  act  of  1890  at  60  per  cent  ad  valorem,  a 
less  rate  of  duty  than  that  upon  worsted  shawls.  Flax,  jute,  and  cotton  embroideries 
are  also  dutiable  at  60  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

The  importers'  protest  was  upon  the  theory  that,  as  the  shawls  did  not  contain 
worsted  embroideries,  they  were  not  dutiable  under  paragraph  398,  and  as  a  less 
duty  was  imposed  npon  silk  embroideries  than  upon  worsted  shawls,  the  importa- 
tions were  properly  dutiable  under  paragraph  392. 

The  question  depends  upon  the  proper  construction  of  the  quoted  proviso  con- 
tained in  paragraph  373. 

The  Government  contends  that  embroidered  articles  shall  not  pay  a  less  rate  of 
duty  than  that  fixed  upon  embroideries  of  any  of  the  materials  of  which  the  articles 
are  composed ;  for  example,  a  worsted  shawl,  with  silk  or  cotton  or  jute  embroidery, 
shall  not  pay  less  than  the  rate  imposed  upon  worsted  embroideries.  This  construc- 
tion is  grammatically  consistent  with  the  language  of  the  proviso,  but  is  incon- 
sistent with  its  apparent  object.  The  entire  wool  and  worsted  schedule  shows  that 
it  was  the  intention  of  Congress  to  place  a  very  high  rate  of  duty  upon  articles 
manufactured  from  wool  or  worsted,  and  this  intent  is  as  plainly  manifested  in  the 
worsted-embroidery  section  as  in  any  other  clause.  Very  plain  language  is  required 
to  make  it  manifest  that  the  further  intent  of  Congress  was  that  a  worsted  fabric, 
when  embroidered  with  cotton,  should  pay  the  same  rate  of  duty  that  is  imposed 
upon  worsted  embroideries.  The  proviso  by  no  means  requires  or  compels  such  a 
construction. 

The  main  object  of  the  proviso  was  to  prevent  a  classification  by  their  specific 
names  of  articles  embroidered  with  some  material,  which  classification  might  enable 
them  to  be  dutiable  at  a  lower  rate  of  duty  than  is  imposed  upon  embroideries  of 
that  material.  The  proviso  therefore  prescribes  that  such  articles  shall  not  pay  a 
less  rate  of  duty  than  is  imposed  upon  embroideries  of  that  material,  but  they  may 
be  dutiable  at  a  greater  rate  because  a  higher  duty  may  be  imposed  upon  articles  of 
that  specific  description.  Thus  an  article  of  wearing  apparel,  of  whatever  material 
composed,  which  is  embroidered  with  silk,  shall  not  pay  a  less  rate  of  duty  than 
that  imposed  on  silk  embroideries.  The  proviso  guarded  against  the  importation  of 
embroideries  at  a  lower  rate  of  duty  than  was  imposed  upon  them  under  the  claim 
that  the  article  was  not  embroidery  but  a  textile  fabric  or  wearing  apparel.  The 
intent  was  to  preserve  the  rates  of  duty  which  the  statute  imposes  upon  the  embroid- 
eries specified  therein,  but  it  was  not  to  make  articles  not  embroidered  with  a 
material  pay  the  same  rate  as  if  they  had  been  embroidered  with  that  material. 

You  are,  therefore,  hereby  authorized  to  take  measures  looking  to  a  refund  of  the 
duties  exacted  in  excess  on  the  importation  in  question,  and  you  will  apply  these 


268 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


instructions  to  all  similar  cases  pending  at  your  port  where  the  parties  have  duly 
protected  their  rights  under  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  June  10,  1890.     (13731  ) 


Treasury  Department,  February  16,  1893. 

Wool  on  sheepskins. — The  Department  duly  received  your  letter  of  the  17th 
ultimo,  in  which  you  request  to  be  advised  as  to  whether,  in  case  of  estimation  of 
the  amount  of  wool  or  hair  on  sheep  or  Angora  goatskins  by  an  appraising  officer 
the  importer  holds  such  estimate  to  be  excessive,  "there  is  any  appeal  open  to 
the  importer  for  review  of  the  appraiser's  action/7 

In  reply,  you  are  informed  that  inasmuch  as  the  action  of  the  appraiser  in  the  case 
in  question  relates  to  the  quantity  of  wool  on  the  imported  skins  and  not  to  its 
value,  the  opinion  of  General  Appraiser  Lunt,  referred  to  in  your  additional  letter 
of  the  same  date,  to  the  effect  that  such  action  is  not  subject  to  review  by  applica- 
tion for  reappraisement,  appears  to  be  correct. 

Inasmuch,  however,  as  the  amount  of  duty  assessed  by  the  collector  on  such  wool 
necessarily  depends  upon  its  quantity  as  well  as  its  value,  the  importer  may  obtain, 
after  payment  of  the  duty  under  protest,  a  review  of  the  collector's  decision  in  the 
manner  provided  for  by  section  14  of  the  act  of  June  10,  1890.    (13  1  32«) 


Treasury  Department,  February  16,  1898. 

Woolen  rugs. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  a  letter  dated  the  10th  instant, 
from  the  U.  S.  attorney  for  the  southern  district  of  New  York,  in  which  he  reports 
that  on  the  7th  instant  the  U.  S.  circuit  court  of  appeals  at  New  York  handed  down 
a  decision  reversing  that  of  the  U.  S.  circuit  court  at  New  York  in  the  suit  of  David 
B.  Ingersoll  et  al.  against  Daniel  Magone  (N.  S.,  13955),  in  regard  to  the  dutiable  clas- 
sification of  certain  articles  invoiced  as  16  woolen  rugs." 

It  appears  that  during  the  year  1888,  the  parties  named  imported  from  England 
into  your  port  the  rugs  in  question,  which  were  classified  for  duty  according  to  value 
under  paragraph  362  of  the  act  of  March  3,  1883,  which  is  as  follows: 

Woolen  cloths,  woolen  shawls,  and  all  manufactures  of  wool  of  every  description, 
made  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  not  specially  enumerated  or  provided  for  in  this  act, 
valued  at  not  exceeding  eighty  cents  per  pound,  thirty-five  cents  per  pound  and 
thirty-five  per  centum  ad  valorem;  valued  at  above  eighty  cents  per  pound,  thirty- 
rive  cents  per  pound,  and  in  addition  thereto  forty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

Against  which  classification  the  importers  protested,  and  appealed  under  the  pro- 
visions of  section  2931,  Revised  Statutes,  claiming  that  the  goods  were  "traveling 
or  carriage  rugs,"  and  properly  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  only 
under  paragraph  378  of  said  act,  which  provides  as  follows: 

Carpets  and  carpetings  of  wool,  flax,  or  cotton,  or  parts  of  either  or  other  mate- 
rial, not  otherwise  herein  specified,  forty  per  centum  ad  valorem;  and  mats,  rugs, 
screens,  covers,  hassocks,  bedsides,  and  other  portions  of  carpets  or  carpetings,  shall 
be  subjected  to  the  rate  of  duty  herein  imposed  on  carpets  or  carpeting  of  like 
character  or  description;  and  the  duty  on  all  other  mats  not  exclusively  of  vegeta- 
ble material,  screens,  hassocks,  and  rugs,  shall  be  forty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 
(Synopsis  8702.) 

Upon  taking  the  case  to  the  courts  under  the  provisions  of  said  section  2931  of  the 
Revised  Statutes,  the  circuit  court  at  New  York  on  the  18th  of  February,  1891,  ren- 
dered a  verdict  in  favor  of  the  defendant  (collector),  whereupon  the  importers  filed 
a  bill  of  exceptions  and  took  the  case  to  the  U.  S.  Supreme  Court,  whence  it  was  rel- 
egated to  the  U.  S.  circuit  court  of  appeals,  with  the  result  aforesaid. 

In  the  written  opinion  handed  down  by  the  circuit  court  of  appeals  the  following 
language  is  used: 

The  leading  argument  in  favor  of  the  collector's  classification,  and  which  met  the 
approval  of  the  circuit  judge,  is  that  the  fact  that  rugs  having  been  uniformly  placed 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


269 


in  the  tariff  acts  since  1861,  in  connection  with  provisions  for  carpets  and  carpeting  and 
articles  used  on  floors,  and  the  principle  oinoscitur  a  socius  shows  the  intent  of  Con- 
gress to  limit  the  meaning  of  the  term  rug  to  articles  of  a  character  akin  to  carpets 
or  mats,  but  it  must  he  observed  that  screens,  which  are  not  used  as  a  covering  and 
which  are  not  akin  to  carpeting,  were  also  included  in  the  same  paragraph. 

Inasmuch  as  the  word  rug  had  gradually  come  to  acquire  a  meaning  which  included 
a  woolen  fabric,  either  when  used  for  protecting  a  carpet  or  for  protecting  the  per- 
son, so  that  the  authors  of  a  standard  dictionary,  published  in  this  country  in  1875, 
defined  the  word  accordingly,  and  the  article  was  in  common  use  under  the  distin- 
guishing name  of  traveling  rug,  we  think  the  fair  inference  to  be  that  Congress  in 
1883  intended  to  use  the  word  in  the  meaning  which  it  had  previously  fully  attained. 

The  judgment  of  the  circuit  court  is  reversed. 

You  are  therefore  hereby  authorized  to  take  measures  looking  to  a  payment  of  this 
judgment,  and  you  will  apply  these  instructions  to  all  similar  cases  arising  at  your 
port  where  the  importers  have  duly  protected  their  rights  under  the  provisions  of 
the  act  of  June  10,  1890,  or  section  2931  of  the  Revised  Statutes.  (13734.^ 


Treasury  Department,  February  21,  1893. 
Wool  samples. — Paragraph  379  of  the  act  of  October  1,  1890,  provides  as  follows : 

The  standard  samples  of  all  wools  which  are  now  or  may  be  hereafter  deposited 
in  the  principal  custom-houses  of  the  United  States,  under  the  authority  of  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Treasury,  shall  be  the  standards  for  the  classification  of  wools  under 
this  act,  and  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall  have  the  authority  to  renew  these 
standards  and  to  make  such  additions  to  them  from  time  to  time  as  may  be  required, 
and  he  shall  cause  to  be  deposited  like  standards  in  other  custom-houses  of  the 
United  States  when  they  may  be  needed. 

And  paragraph  380  of  said  act  provides  that— 

Whenever  wools  of  class  3  shall  have  been  improved  by  the  admixture  of  Me- 
rino or  English  blood  from  their  present  character,  as  represented  by  the  standard 
samples  now  or  hereafter  to  be  deposited  in  the  principal  custom-houses  of  the 
United  States,  such  improved  wools  shall  be  classified  for  duty  either  as  class  1  or 
as  class  2,  as  the  case  may  be. 

In  pursuance  of  the  above  provisions  of  law  the  Department,  in  April,  1891,  ap- 
pointed the  following  committee  to  advise  the  Department  as  to  the  propriety  of 
adding  to  or  renewing  the  standard  wool  samples  then  in  use:  Mr.  Edward  A. 
Greene,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  (chairman) ;  Mr,  John  T.  Eich,  of  Elba,  Mich. ;  Mr. 
Nicholas  Mauger,  of  New  York  City;  Mr.  John  L.  Houston,  of  Hartford,  Conn. 

In  their  final  report,  which  is  dated  February  15,  1893,  the  committee  remark  that 
the  principle  of  classification  recognized  by  them  was  that  of  race  and  blood  only 
and  not  that  of  use  or  adaptability ;  and  they  further  state  tha  t,  in  their  classifica- 
tion, it  will  be  found  that  there  are  wools  in  the  first  class  suitable  only  for  carpets 
and  others  in  the  third  class  from  which  a  fair  article  of  clothing  could  be  made. 

Cabinets  of  the  standard  samples  prepared  by  the  committee  will  be  furnished  to 
the  collectors  at  all  of  the  principal  ports. 

The  committee  recommend  that  samples  of  such  wools  as  are  lacking  from  the 
cabinets  prepared  by  them  should  be  procured  and  added  to  the  cabinets;  also,  that 
the  customs  examiners  at  the  several  ports  should  take  samples  of  any  wools  not 
included  in  the  standard  samples,  and  should  advise  the  Department  whether  such 
wools  should  be  added  to  the  cabinets. 

The  committee  further  recommend  that,  in  order  to  indicate  the  different  classes, 
samples  of  noils  should  be  numbered  upward  from  No.  1,.  first-class  wool  from  No. 
101,  second-class  wool  from  No.  201,  third-class  wool  from  No.  301,  and  free  hair 
from  No.  401. 

The  samples  contained  in  the  cabinets  are  numbered  as  in  the  following  list,  and 
are  hereby  established  as  standards  for  comparison  in  the  examination  and  classi- 
fication of  wools,  pursuant  to  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  October  1,  1890,  entitled 
"An  act  to  reduce  the  revenue  and  equalize  duties  on  imports,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses.1'   (13740.)  (a) 


a  Modified  by  No.  14197. 


270 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


List  of  ivhole  fleece  or  large  standard  samples  to  he  used  in  cases  of  litigation. 

Class  1. 

From  America: 

A.  Argentine  Republic. — 1.  Buenos  Ayres — 

104.  Fleece  unwashed,  Lincoln  crossbred. 
From  Africa : 

1.  Algeria — 

127.  Benghazi,  fleece  unwashed. 

2.  Morocco — 

132.  Larash  Beldia,  fleece  unwashed. 
From  Africa : 

137.  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  native  skin  wool,  not  limed. 

138.  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  native  skin  wool,  limed. 

From  Asia : 

1.  Turkey — 

145.  Improved,  fleece  unwashed. 

146.  Panorme,  fleece  washed. 
From  Europe : 

1.  Austria — 

147.  Buda-Pesth,  Zigaya  skin  wool. 

149.  Flam  an  tine  skin  wool. 

150.  Flamantine  skin  wool. 

2.  .France — 

156.  Marseilles  chalk  skin  wool,  medium. 

157.  Marseilles  chalk  skin  wool,  coarse. 

3.  Wales— 

164.  Fleece  washed. 

4.  Italy— 

167.  Lambskin  wool. 

5.  Portugal. 

171.  Alentijo,  fleece  unwashed. 

6.  Spain — 

173.  Churro,  fleece  unwashed. 

174.  Talavera,  fleece  unwashed. 

7.  Turkey — 

175.  Adrianople,  fleece  washed. 

176.  Adrianople,  fleece  unwashed,  from  Imperial  factory, 

178.  Kassapbatchia  skin  wool,  super. 

179.  Kassapbatchia  skin  wool,  second  quality. 
182.  Kassapbatchia  skin  wool,  super  white. 

185.  Rodosto  fleece,  first  quality. 

186.  Rodosto  fleece,  second  quality. 

187.  Varnay  Zigay,  fleece  unwashed. 

Class  2. 

From  South  America : 
1.  Peru— 

201.  Islay,  alpaca  fleece,  all  colors. 

From  Asia : 

1.  China — 

209.  Camel's  hair,  first  quality, 

2.  Turkey— 

214.  Mohair  fleece. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


From  Europe : 

1.  England — 

233.  Goat  hair,  mixed  skins,  Russian,  Cape,  Italian,  etc. 
237.  Cape  mohair,  crossbred,  sold  as  mohair. 

2.  Scotland— 

239.  Black  face  and  cheviot,  fleece  washed,  half-bred  hogs. 

242.  Black  face  and  cheviot,  fleece  washed,  half-bred  hogs. 

243.  Black  face  and  Leicester,  fleece  washed,  half-bred  hogi 
247.  Black  face  and  Leicester  lambskin  wool. 

Class  3. 

From  America : 

1.  Argentine  Republic — 

301.  Cordoba,  fleece  unwashed. 

2.  Chile— 

302.  Valparaiso  Criolla,  fleece  unwashed. 

From  Asia: 

1.  Afghanistan — 

306.  Kandahar,  first  white. 

307.  Kandahar,  original  fleeces. 

2.  China— 

308.  China  wool. 

312.  Thibet,  fleece  washed. 

3.  East  India — 

315.  Joria,  first  white. 
321.  Vicaneer,  first  white. 

4.  Georgia — 

323.  B,  first  and  second  clip. 

324.  A.  B.  and  A.  O.,  lamb's.  * 

325.  B.  O.,  first  clip,  fleece  washed. 

326.  B.  S.,  first  clip,  fleece  washed. 

5.  Persia — 

328.  Bagdad,  white. 

329.  Bokhara,  white  fleece. 

330.  Bokhara,  black  fleece. 

331.  Khorassan  fleeces,  first  clip. 

333.  Mosul  or  Awassi  fleeces. 

6.  Syria— 

334.  Aleppo,  fleece  unwashed. 

335.  Orfa,  fleece  unwashed. 

7.  Turkey— 

336.  Armenia  Erzroom,  fleece. 

338.  Angora  Samsum,  fleece  Avashed. 

339.  Angora  Eskishehr,  fleece  washed, 

340.  Bouldor,  fleece  washed. 

341.  Karadi,  fleece  washed. 

342.  Smyrna,  limed  skin  wool. 
From  Africa : 

1.  Egypt— 

346.  Washed,  extra  choice. 

347.  Washed  skin,  extra  choice. 
From  Europe : 

1.  Austria — 

348.  Buda-Pesth,  Zackel  skm  wooL 


272 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


From  Europe — Continued. 

2.  England — 

349.  Herd  wick,  fleece  washed. 

350.  Black  face  Highland  haslock,  pulled  in  England. 

3.  Scotland— 

352.  Black  face  Highland,  fleece  washed,  white. 

354.  Black  face  Highland,  fleece  unwashed,  dipped. 

356.  Black  face  Highland,  sorted  haslock,  Glasgow  pulling. 

359.  Black  face  Highland  haslock,  Kilmarnock  pulling. 

360.  Black  face  Highland  haslock,  Bonnington  pulling. 

361.  Black  face  Highland,  laid  fleece. 

363.  Black  face  Highland,  fleece  unwashed  and  undipped. 

364.  Black  face  Highland,  fleece  unwashed  and  undipped. 

365.  Black  face  fleece. 

4.  Greece — 

366.  Fleece  nnwashed,  shipped  from  Prevesa,  Turkey, 

5.  Holland — 

367.  Native,  fleece  washed. 

6.  Italy— 

368.  Coarse  skin  wool. 

7.  Iceland — 

369.  Washed  wool,  average. 

370.  Washed  wool,  average. 

8.  Portugal — 

371.  Castel  Blanco,  fleece  washed. 

372.  Oporto,  fleece  washed. 

373.  Oporto,  fleece  unwashed. 

374.  Oporto,  fleece,  washed. 

9.  Russia — 

377.  Donskoi  Odessa,  fleece  washed,  washed  in  Churzon. 

378.  Donskoi  Odessa,  fleece  unwashed. 

381.  Donskoi  Rostorf,  fleece  unwashed.  * 

382.  Donskoi  Rostolf,  fleece  washed. 

384.  Donskoi,  lamb's,  washed. 

385.  Kasan,  limed  skin  wool. 

386.  Kasan,  skin  wool. 

387.  CamePs  hair. 

10.  Spain— 

388.  Burgos  Chnrro,  scoured  fleece. 

11.  Turkey— 

389.  Albania,  fleece  washed. 

390.  Bosnia,  fleece  washed. 

392.  Kassapbatchia,  third  white  skin  wool. 

393.  Kassapbatchia,  third  white  skin  wool. 

394.  Salonica,  fleece  unwashed. 

395.  Servia,  fleece  washed. 

Standard  samples  /or  use  in  the  appraisement  and  classification  of  wools* 

Class  1. 

From  America: 

Argentine  Republic,  Buenos  Ayers — 

101.  Fleece  unwashed,  first  quality  or  primera. 

102.  Fleece  unwashed,  second  quality  or  secunda* 

103.  Fleece  unwashed,  third  quality. 

104.  Fleece  unwashed,  Lincoln  crossbred. 

105.  River  Platte,  skin  wool. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


273 


From  America — Continued. 
From  Chile — 

106.  Fleece  unwashed,  Merino. 

107.  Fleece  unwashed,  Meztizo. 

108.  Valparaiso,  fleece  unwashed. 
From  Peru — 

109.  Fleece  washed,  Merino. 

110.  Fleece  washed,  first  quality. 

111.  Lima,  fleece  unwashed. 
From  Uruguay — 

112.  Monte  Video,  fleece  unwashed  Merino. 

113.  Monte  Video,  fleece  unwashed,  first  and  second  quality. 
From  Australasia  : 

114.  New  Zealand,  greasy  matchings. 

115.  New  Zealand,  greasy  Merino. 

116.  New  Zealand,  fine  crossbred. 

117.  Port  Phillip,  fleece  Avashed. 
Ercildoune  clip,  Sir  Samuel  Wilson. 

118.  Port  Phillip,  greasy  lambs,  crossbred. 

119.  Riverina,  greasy,  first  combing. 

120.  Sydney,  greasy,  first  combing. 

121.  Queensland,  greasy,  first  combing. 

122.  Tasmania,  greasy,  super  combing. 

123.  Victoria,  greasy,  super  combing. 

124.  Victoria,  greasy  crossbred,  combing. 

125.  West  Australia,  greasy,  super  combing. 

From  Africa : 

1.  Algeria — 

126.  Algeria,  fleece  unwashed. 

127.  Benghazi,  fleece  unwashed. 

128.  Constantine,  fleece  unwashed. 

129.  Oran,  fleece  unwashed. 

2.  Morocco — 

130.  Casa  Blanca,  fleece  unwashed. 

131.  Larash  Abudia,  fleece  unwashed.    (Abudia  means  first  quality.) 

132.  Larash  Beldia,  fleece  unwashed.    (Beldia  means  second  quality.) 

133.  Mazagan,  fleece  unwashed. 

134.  Rabat,  fleece  unwashed, 

135.  Safn,  fleece  scoured. 

136.  Urdigria,  fleece  unwashed. 

3.  Cape  of  Good  Hope — 

137.  Native  skin  wool,  not  limed, 

138.  Native  skin  wool,  limed. 

139.  Eastern  Cape,  fleece  was*bed. 

140.  Eastern  Cape,  snow  white  scoured, 

141.  Karoo,  greasy  fleece,  Merino. 

142.  Natal,  greasy  fleece,  super. 

143.  Western  Cape,  snow  white  scoured. 

144.  Western  Cape,  fleece  washed. 

From  Asia : 

1.  Turkcy-^- 

145.  Improved,  fleece  unwashed* 

146.  Panormc,  fleece  washed. 

JJ.  Mjs,  94  18 


274 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


From  Europe: 

1.  Austria— 

147.  Buda-Pesth  Zigaya,  skin  wool, 

148.  Buda-Pesth  Zigaya,  skin  wool. 

149.  Flaniantine,  skin  wool. 

150.  Flaniantine,  skin  wool. 

151.  Hungary,  fleece  washed,  medium. 

152.  Hungary,  fleece  washed,  fine  wethers. 

2.  France — 

153.  Burgundy,  fleece  washed. 

154.  Champagne,  fleece  washed. 

155.  Marseilles,  chalk  skin  wool,  fine. 

156.  Marseilles,  chalk  skin  wool,  medium. 

157.  Marseilles,  chalk  skin  wool,  coarse. 

158.  S.  Denis,  skin  wool,  Merino,  from  French  skins. 

159.  S.  Denis,  skin  wool,  medium,  from  French  skins. 

160.  S.  Denis,  skin  wool,  coarse,  from  French  skins. 

161.  S.  Denis,  skin  wool,  coarse,  from  North  African  skins, 

3.  Germany — 

162.  Wurtemburg,  fleece  washed,  No.  1. 

4.  Great  Britain — England — 

163.  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  skin  wool  pulled  at  Bermondsey. 
Wales — 

164.  Fleece  washed. 

5.  Italy— 

165.  Lambskin  wool,  super. 

166.  Lambskin  wool,  short. 

167.  Lambskin  wool. 

168.  Central  States,  fleece  washed. 

169.  Naples,  skin  wool,  medium. 

170.  Naples,  skin  wool,  fine. 

6.  Portugal — 

171.  Alentijo,  fleece  unwashed. 

7.  Russia — 

172.  Odessa,  fleece  unwashed,  Merino. 

8.  Spain — 

173.  Churro,  fleece  unwashed. 

174.  Talavera,  fleece  unwashed. 

9.  Turkey— 

175.  Adrianople,  fleece  washed. 

176.  Adrianople,  fleece  unwashed,  from  imperial  factory. 

177.  Kassapbatchia,  skin  wool,  first  quality. 

178.  Kassapbatchia,  skin  wool,  super. 

179.  Kassapbatchia,  skin  wool,  second  quality. 

180.  Kassapbatchia,  skin  wool,  Merino. 

181.  Kassapbatchia,  skin  wool,  first  gray. 

182.  Kassapbatchia,  skin  wool,  super  white. 

183.  Kassapbatchia,  skin  wool,  second  gray. 

184.  Kassapbatchia,  skin  wool,  second  white. 

185.  F,odosto,  fleece,  first  quality. 

186.  Rodosto,  fleece,  second  quality. 
.187.  Varna  Zigay,  fleece,  unwashed^ 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


275 


Class  2. 

From  America: 
South  America — 

1.  Peru— 

201.  Islay  alpaca  fleece,  all  colors. 

202.  Llama  fleece. 

203.  Huarizo  cross  of  llama  and  alpaca. 

204.  Vicuna  fleece. 

2.  Argentine  Republic — 

205.  Buenos  Ayres,  fleece  unwashed,  Lincoln  blood  (English). 
From  Africa: 

1.  Algeria — 

206.  Constantine  goat  hair. 

2.  Cape  of  Good  Hope— 

207.  Mohair  fleeces. 

•    208.  Mohair  fleeces,  crossbred. 

From  Asia : 

1.  China — 

209.  Camel's  hair,  first  quality. 

210.  Camel's  hair,  second  quality, 

211.  Cashmere,  white. 

212.  Cashmere,  brown. 

213.  Common  goat  hair. 

2.  Turkey— 

214.  Mohair  fleece. 

215.  Van  mohair  fleece. 

216.  Bosnia  goat  hair. 

217.  Common  goat  hair. 

3.  East  India — 

218.  Bombay  goat  hair,  black. 

219.  Bombay  goat  hair,  gray. 

From  Europe : 

1.  France  — 

220.  Chevrette  or  young  goat  hair,  white  skin. 

221.  Chevrette  or  young  goat  hair,  gray  skin. 

222.  Chevreau  kid  hair,  white  skin. 

223.  Chevreau  kid  hair,  gray  skin. 

2.  England — 

224.  Dorset  horns,  wethers,  fleece  washed. 

225.  Hereford,  fleece  washed. 

226.  Leicester,  fleece  washed. 

227.  Lincoln,  fleece  washed. 

228.  Shropshire,  fleece  washed. 

229.  Stafford,  fleece  washed. 

230.  Sussex  down,  fleece  washed. 

231.  Wiltshire  down,  fleece  washed. 

232.  Yorkshire,  fleece  washed. 

233.  Goat  hair,  mixed  skins,  Russian,  Cape,  Italian,  etc. 

234.  South  American  white  kid  hair. 

235.  South  American  gray  kid  hair. 

236.  East  India  white  cashmere. 

237.  Cape  mohair,  crossbred,  sold  as  mohair, 
Ireland — 

238.  Fleece  washed. 


276 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


From  Europe — Continued. 

4.  Scotland. 

239.  Black  face  and  cheviot,  fleece  washed,  half-bred  hogs. 

240.  Black  face  and  cheviot,  fleece  washed,  half-bred  ewes. 

241.  Black  face  and  cheviot,  fleece  washed,  crossbred  ewes. 

242.  Black  face  and  cheviot,  fleece  washed,  crossbred  hogs. 

243.  Black  face  and  Leicester,  fleece  washed,  half-bred  hogs. 

244.  Black  face  and  Leicester,  fleece  washed,  half-bred  ewes. 

245.  Cheviot  and  Leicester,  fleece  ay  ashed,  half-bred  hogs. 

246.  Cheviot  and  Leicester,  fleece  washed,  half-bred  ewea. 

247.  Black  face  and  Leicester  lambskin  wool. 

248.  Cheviot,  hogs,  fleece  washed. 

249.  Cheviot,  ewes,  fleece  washed. 

5.  Italy— 

250.  Goat  hair,  white,  long  staple. 

251.  Goat  hair,  gray  and  black,  Levant  skins. 

6.  Russia — 

252.  Kid  hair,  gray. 

253.  Kid  hair,  white. 

7.  Turkey. 

254.  Giogellines  or  brown  mohair. 

Class  3. 

From  America : 

1.  Argentine  Republic — 

301.  Cordoba,  fleece  unwashed. 

2.  Chile— 

3  )2.  Valparaiso  Criolla,  fleece  unwashed. 

vrom  Asia: 

1.  Afghanistan — 

303.  Kandahar,  soft  white. 

304.  Kandahar,  pale  yellow. 

305.  Kandahar,  gray  and  black. 

306.  Kandahar,  first  white. 

307.  Kandahar,  original  fleeces.    Kandahar  wool  is  commercially  known 

as  East  India,  being  of  the  same  character. 

2.  China— 

308.  China  wool. 

309.  China  wool,  first-quality  larnVs. 

310.  China  wool,  second-quality  lamb's, 

311.  China  wool. 

312.  Thibet,  fleece  washed. 

3.  East  India — 

313.  Bombay,  native  black  skin  wool. 

314.  Bombay,  native  gray  skin  wool. 

315.  Joria,  first  white. 

316.  Joria,  first  yellow. 

317.  Joria,  first  light  gray. 

318.  Marwar,  coarse  white. 

319.  Marwar,  yellow. 

320.  Marwar,  gray  and  black. 

321.  Vicaneer,  first  white. 

322.  Vicaneer,  first  yellow, 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


277 


vrom  Asia — Continued. 

4.  Georgia — 

323.  B.  first  and  second  clip. 

324.  A.  B.  and  A.  O.,  lamb's. 

325.  B.  O.,  first  clip,  fleece  washed. 

326.  B.  S.,  first  clip,  fleece  unwashed. 

5.  Persia — 

327.  Bagdad,  black  fawn  and  white. 

328.  Bagdad,  white. 

329.  Bokhara,  white  fleece. 

330.  Bokhara,  black  fleece. 

331.  Khorassan  fleeces,  first  clip. 

332.  Khorassan  fleeces,  second  clip. 

333.  Mosul  or  Awassi  fleeces. 

6.  Syria— 

334.  Aleppo,  fleece  unwashed. 

335.  Orfa,  fleece  unwashed. 

7.  Turkey — 

336.  Armenia  Erzroom  fleece. 

337.  Angora  Konieh,  fleece  washed. 

338.  Angora  Samsum,  fleece  washed. 

339.  Angora  Eskishehr,  fleece  washed. 

340.  Bouldor,  fleece  washed. 

341.  Karadi,  fleece  washed. 

342.  Smyrna,  limed  skin  wool. 
From  Africa : 

1.  Egypt— 

343.  Washed,  extra  white. 

344.  Washed,  average  yellow. 

345.  Washed,  colored  skin. 

346.  Washed,  extra  choice. 

347.  Washed  skin,  extra  choice. 
From  Europe : 

1.  Austria — 

348.  Buda-Pesth,  Zackel  skin  wool. 

2.  England — 

349.  Herd  wick,  fleece  washed. 

350.  Black  face  Highland  haslock,  pulled  in  England. 

3.  Scotland— 

351.  Black  face  Highland  laid  fleece. 

352.  Black  face  Highland  laid  fleece,  washed  white. 

353.  Black  face  Highland  laid  fleece,  unwashed  and  undipped. 

354.  Black  face  Highland  laid  fleece,  unwashed,  dipped. 

355.  Black  face  Highland,  unsorted  haslock,  Glasgow  pulling. 

356.  Black  face  Highland,  sorted  haslock,  Glasgow  pulling. 

357.  Black  face  Highland,  unsorted  haslock,  Kilmarnock  pulling. 

358.  Black  face  Highland,  lamb's  haslock,  Edinburg  pulling. 

359.  Black  face  Highland,  haslock,  Kilmarnock  pulling. 

360.  Black  face  Highland,  haslock,  Bonnington  pulling. 

361.  Black  face  Highland  laid  fleece,  prize  clip.    A.  McDonald. 

362.  Black  face  Highland  laid  fleece,  half  washed,  prize  clip.    W.  Mac- 

Farlane,  West  Hebrides,  West  Highlands. 

363.  Black  face  Highland,  fleece  unwashed  and  undipped,  prize  clip.  D. 

McDonald,  West  Hebrides. 


278 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


From  Europe — Continued. 

3.  Scotland — Continued. 

364.  Black  face  Highland,  fleece  unwashed  and  undipped,  prize  clip.  A. 

MacCalman,  Argyleshire. 

365.  Black  face  fleece,  clip  of  Marquis  of  Breadalbane,  Perthshire. 

4.  Greece — 

366.  Fleece  unwashed,  shipped  from  Prevesa,  Turkey. 

5.  Holland — 

367.  Native  washed  fleece. 

6.  Italy— 

368.  Coarse  skin  wool. 

7.  Iceland — 

369.  Washed  wool,  average. 

370.  Washed  wool,  average. 

8.  Portugal— 

371.  Castel  Blanco,  fleece  washed. 

372.  Oporto,  fleece  washed. 

373.  Oporto,  fleece  unwashed. 

374.  Oporto,  fleece  washed. 

9.  Russia — 

375.  Calmuc  fleece. 

376.  Crimean  fleece. 

377.  Donskoi  Odessa,  fleece  washed,  washed  in  Churzon. 

378.  Donskoi  Odessa,  fleece  unwashed. 

379.  Donskoi  Moscow,  fleece  unwashed. 

380.  Donskoi  Moscow,  fleece  washed. 

381.  Donskoi  Rostoff,  fleece  unwashed. 

382.  Donskoi  Rostoff,  fleece  washed. 

383.  Donskoi,  autumn  washed. 

384.  Donskoi,  lamb's  washed. 

385.  Kasan,  limed  skin  wool. 

386.  Kasan,  skin  wool. 

387.  Camel's  hair. 

10.  Spain— 

388.  Burgos  Churro,  scoured  fleece. 

11.  Turkey— 

389.  Albania,  fleece  washed. 

390.  Bosnia,  fleece  washed. 

391.  Constantinople  bed  wool. 

392.  Kassapbatchia,  third  white  skin  wool. 

393.  Kassapbatchia,  third  white  skin  wool. 

394.  Salonica,  fleece  unwashed. 

395.  Servia,  fleece  washed. 


FREE  HAIR. 


401.  Siberian  cow  hair,  white. 

402.  Siberian  cow  hair,  fawn. 

403.  Siberian  cow  hair,  black. 

404.  Siberian  cow  hair,  gray. 

405.  Siberian  calf  hair,  white. 

406.  Siberian  calf  hair,  white. 


407.  Siberian  calf  hair,  brown. 

408.  Siberian  calf  hair,  light  fawn. 

409.  Siberian  calf  hair,  brown. 

410.  Siberian  calf  hair,  white  and  red. 


411.  Siberian  cow  hair,  white. 

412.  Siberian  calf  hair,  red. 


Wool  and  manufactures  oi1  wool. 


279 


Treasury  Department,  February  23,  1893. 
Cabinets  oe  standard  wool  samples. — Referring  to  the  Department's  letters 
to  you  of  January  20  and  March  1,  1892,  I  have  to  inform  you  that  the  Department 
desires  that  cabinets  of  standard  wool  samples,  prepared  by  the  committee  of  which 
you  are  chairman,  be  furnished  to  the  collectors  of  customs  at  the  ports  of  Boston, 
New  York,  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  and  San  Francisco,  and  to  the  Board  of  United 
States  General  Appraisers  at  New  York.  (13742.) 


New  York,  January  18,  1893. 
Carriage  aprons  made  oe  woolen  cloth. — We  find  that— 

(1)  The  appellant  imported  into  the  port  of  New  York,  July  12  and  21,  1892,  cer- 
tain carriage  aprons,  claimed  to  be  dutiable  at  15  cents  per  square  yard  and  30  per 
cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  369,  N.  T. 

(2)  Said  aprons  are  completed  articles,  fabricated  from  heavy  woolen  cloth  coated 
on  the  back  with  India  rubber,  and  lined  with  wooden  cloth  of  lighter  weight. 

(3)  Said  aprons  are  not  waterproof  cloth,  even  though  made  of  such  substance, 
but  are  manufactures  made  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  wool  the  component  material 
of  chief  value,  and  are  not  susceptible  of  accurate  square-yard  measurement  (see  G. 
A.  890,  wherein  the  board  decided  that  certain  cotton-pile  fabrics,  cut  bias  and  made 
into  dress  facings,  were  not  subject  to  square-yard  duty,  but  were  dutiable  as  manu- 
factures of  cotton,  which  decision  was  affirmed  upon  review  by  the  United  States 
circuit  court  for  the  southern  district  of  New  York). 

Upon  these  findings,  we  hold  that  the  collector  committed  no  error  in  assessing 
duty  upon  the  merchandise  at  44  cents  per  pound  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under 
paragraph  392,  N.  T. 

The  protests  are  overruled,  and  the  collector's  decision  is  affirmed.  (13754 — 
ft.  A.  194§.) 


New  York,  January  18,  1893. 
Degras  or  brown  wool  grease. — The  local  appraiser  at  Philadelphia  returned 
the  merchandise  covered  by  the  protest  in  this  case  as  degras  or  brown  wool  grease, 
and  it  was  assessed  for  duty  by  the  collector  under  paragraph  316  of  the  new  tariff 
act  of  1890. 

The  importation  is  made  by  the  same  person  who  appeared  as  protestant  in  case 
G.  A.  1776,  and  he  makes  affidavit  that  the  merchandise  is  similar  to  the  article 
passed  on  by  the  board  in  that  decision.  It  is  claimed  to  be  free  of  duty,  under 
paragraph  599,  as  grease  such  as  is  " commonly  used  in  soap-making,"  or  "for  stuff- 
ing or  dressing  leather,  and  which  is  lit  only  for  such  uses,"  and  not  specially  pro- 
vided for  in  the  tariff  act. 

The  board  has  examined  several  witnesses  who  deal  in  the  article,  all  of  whom 
testify  that  they  are  familiar  with  the  commercial  designation  of  the  merchandise 
under  consideration,  and  that  it  is  known  in  trade  as  "  degras,  or  brown  wool 
grease,"  which  is  specially  provided  for  by  name  is  said  paragraph  316. 

We  find  as  facts — 

(1)  That  the  sample  presented  to  the  board  is  a  correct  representative  of  the  mer- 
chandise under  consideration. 

(2)  That  the  article  is  a  dark-brown  grease,  and  is  commonly  known  in  trade  as 
"degras,  or  brown  wool  grease,"  being  bought  and  sold  under  this  name. 

(3)  That  while  it  is  used  largely  for  stuffing  leather  and  making  soap,  it  is  specially 
provided  for  eo  nomine  in  paragraph  316  of  the  preseut  tariff  act. 

We  may  add  that,  without  passing  on  the  identity  of  the  sample  with  that  cov- 
ered by  our  former  decision,  if  the  merchandise  be  the  same,  the  additional  testi- 
mony taken  leads  us  to  a  different  conclusion  from  the  one  reached  in  that  case. 

We  accordingly  overrule  the  protest  and  affirm  the  collector's  decision.  ( I  3757— 
O.  A.  1951.) 


280 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


New  York,  February  3,  1893. 

Cravenettk  cloth. — The  local  appraiser  returned  the  merchandise  for  duty  as 
woolen  or  as  worsted  cloths  "not  waterproof,"  of  the  values  respectively  stated, 
and  the  collector  assessed  them  for  duty  as  such  under  paragraph  392  of  the  new 
tariff  act  of  1890  at  the  rates  of  duty  specified  in  his  report. 

The  importers  claim  that  the  goods  are  dutiable  as  "  waterproof  cloth"  under  the 
provisions  of  paragraph  369  of  said  act,  which  reads  as  follows: 

369.  Oilcloth  for  floors,  stamped,  painted,  or  printed,  including  linoleum,  corti- 
cene,  cork  carpets,  figured  or  plain,  and  all  other  oilcloth  (except  silk  oilcloth),  and 
waterproof  cloth,  not  specially  provided  for  in  this  act,  valued  at  twenty-five  cents 
or  less  per  square  yard,  forty  per  centum  ad  valorem  ;  valued  above  twenty-five 
cents  per  square  yard,  fifteen  cents  per  square  yard  and  thirty  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

The  cases  were  set  for  a  hearing  and  many  witnesses  were  examined  on  the  issues 
growing  out  of  the  protests,  the  inquiries  of  the  board  being  directed  chiefly  to  the 
character  of  the  goods  covered  by  the  protests  and  to  the  nature  of  a  certain  proc- 
ess to  which  they  were  alleged  to  have  been  subjected,  and  through  which  it  was 
contended  they  had  been  rendered  both  rain  repellent  and  waterproof. 

The  real  and  ultimate  question  for  decision,  as  will  appear  from  our  findings  of 
fact  hereafter  set  out,  is,  whether  this  processor  treatment  of  the  worsted  cloths 
under  consideration  operates  to  change  their  commercial  designation  from  woolen 
or  worsted  cloths  (specified  in  paragraph  392)  to  the  "  waterproof  cloth"  provided 
for  in  said  paragraph  369. 

The  board  makes  the  following  findings  of  fact,  based  on  the  evidence,  including 
the  samples  and  papers  in  the  cases : 

(1)  The  merchandise  consists  of  woolen  or  worsted  cloths  of  the  particular  descrip- 
tions and  values  stated  in  the  several  reports  of  the  local  appraiser,  and  they  were 
assessed  for  duty,  as  stated  in  the  collector's  reports,  under  the  provisions  of  para- 
graph 392  of  the  present  tariff  act,  whicli  levies  certain  rates  of  duty  on  u  woolen 
and  worsted  cloths"  and  other  manufactures  of  wool,  worsted  or  hair.  The  accom- 
panying samples  properly  represent  the  goods  in  the  cases  corresponding  with  the 
marks  and  figures  on  them. 

(2)  These  goods  are  chiefly  used  for  the  manufacture  of  clothing,  either  for  men 
or  women,  according  to  their  nature,  texture,  and  weight.  Some  of  the  samples  are 
commercially  and  variously  known  as  women's  and  children's  dress  goods,  as  serges, 
and  the  like. 

(3)  They  have  been  subjected  to  what  is  called  the  "cravenette  process, "  deriving 
its  name  from  the  supposed  inventor  (Craven),  the  precise  nature  of  which  is  not 
known.  We  find,  however,  upon  the  testimony  of  experts  and  others  that  the  proc- 
ess probably  consists  in  the  application  to  the  fabric  of  some  solution  which  destroys 
the  absorbent  properties  of  the  fiber  of  the  cloth  so  as  to  render  it  comparatively 
water  repellent,  but  leaving  it  as  porous  as  before,  not  filling  up  the  interstices  of 
the  cloth. 

(4)  The  process  is  susceptible  of  application  alike  to  worsted,  cotton,  and  silk 
goods.  It  does  not  add  to  their  weight,  nor  apparently  change  their  texture  or  gen- 
eral appearance.  Worsted  or  woolen  cloth  after  being  subjected  to  the  cravenette 
process  is  not  distinguishable  by  inspection  from  the  same  goods  prior  to  the  appli- 
cation of  such  process. 

(5)  We  further  find  that  worsted  and  woolen  cloths  known  as  "  cravenette"  goods 
were  not  probably  imported  into  this  country  in  any  considerable  quantities,  if  at 
all,  prior  to  October  1, 1890,  the  process  having  beenputin  use  in  Bradford,  England, 
not  earlisr  than  the  year  1888,  when  it  purports  to  have  been  patented. 

(6)  The  application  of  the  process  to  goods  costs  but  a  few  cents  per  yard,  renders 
them  water  repellent  but  not  waterproof,  and  does  not  change  the  commercial  des- 
ignation of  woolen  or  worsted  cloth  to  what  is  known  in  trade  as  u  waterproof 
cloth." 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


281 


(7)  We  find  that  none  of  the  merchandise  under  consideration  is  "  waterproof 
cloth "  within  the  meaning  of  paragroph  369  of  the  new  tariff  act,  as  claimed  in  the 
protests. 

This  conclusion  is  corroborated  by  the  change  made  in  the  tariff  act  of  March  3, 
1883,  by  the  provisions  of  the  present  tariff  law  on  this  particular  subject.  The 
article  known  as  "  waterproof  cloth  "  was  provided  for  in  the  former  act  (1883)  by- 
paragraph  340,  as  follows:  "  Oilcloth  for  floors,  stamped,  painted,  or  printed,  and 
on  all  other  oilcloth  (except  silk  oilcloth),  and  on  waterproof  cloth  not  otherwise 
provided  for,  forty  per  centum  ad  valorem. " 

The  present  tariff  act  (in  paragraph  369),  above  quoted,  associates  "oilcloth  for 
floors,"  including  "linoleum,  corticene,  and  cork  carpets,"  and  "  all  other  oilcloth 
(except  silk  oilcloth)  and  waterproof  cloth,  not  specially  provided  for  in  this  act." 

The  evidence  shows  that  what  is  commercially  known  as  "waterproof  cloth" 
includes  only  such  goods  as  have  the  interstices  of  the  cloth  filled  up  with  rubber, 
oil,  or  other  like  material  (ejusdem  generis  with  others  mentioned)  so  as  to  render  the 
cloth  impervious  to  both  air  and  water,  and  to  make  them  waterproof  in  fact, 
and  not  merely  water  repellent.  The  advertisement  of  the  cravenette  goods,  so 
called,  a  copyr  of  which  was  put  in  evidence  at  the  hearing,  designates  the  proc- 
ess, as  well  as  the  cloaks  and  cloths,  as  "rainproof,"  and  undertakes  to  make  a 
distinction  between  "the  ordinary  waterproofing  processes,"  and  "the  cravenette 
system  of  rendering  fabrics  water  repellent, ';  and  the  assertion  is  there  made  that 
this  new  system  "  differs  from  all  others."  This  fact,  taken  in  connection  with  the 
further  one  that  those  goods  have  been  imported  only  since  the  new  tariff  law  went 
into  effect,  is  persuasive  of  the  conclusion  reached,  that  they  were  never  intended 
by  Congress  to  be  embraced  in  the  term  "waterproof  cloth."  They  are  "otherwise 
specially  provided  for  in  the  act"  as  woolen  and  worsted  cloths,  women's  and  child- 
ren's dress  goods,  and  the  like.    This  fact  excepts  them  from  paragraph  369. 

Manufacturers  testified  before  the  board  that  worsted  and  other  goods  may  be 
rendered  water  repellent  by  passing  the  fabric  through  solutions  of  castile  soap  and 
alum,  heated  to  a  high  temperature,  a  recipe  for  which  process  is  well  known.  It 
could  be  contended,  with  just  as  much  reason,  that  the  application  of  this  old  proc- 
ess to  goods,  accompanied  by  extensive  advertisement  and  an  appropriation  of  the 
name  "waterproof  cloth,"  would  entitle  them  to  be  classified  as  such  under  said 
paragraph  369,  as  that  the  cravenette  process  would  accomplish  this  result. 

The  cravenette  goods  are  mere  subdivisions  of  the  general  classes  of  worsted, 
silk,  or  cotton  goods  designated  in  the  various  schedules  of  the  tariff  act,  and,  as 
said  by  Judge  Shipman  (In  re  Claflin  &  Co.,  circuit  court  of  appeals,  52  Fed.  Rep., 
121),  "  it  must  be  evident  that  goods  can  not  be  withdrawn  from  the  operation  of  a 
general  classification,  according  to  material,  by  designating  them  by  particular 
names,  which  merely  indicates  a  subdivision  of  the  general  class  named  in  the  stat- 
ute." 

The  protests  are  all  overruled,  and  the  collector's  decision  in  each  case  is  affirmed. 
(13792— G.  A.  1986.) 


New  York,  February  6,  1S93. 
Alum-tanned  sheepskins  with  the  wool  on. — We  find— 

(1)  That  The  Holt  Manufacturing  Company  imported  into  the  port  of  Chicago, 
June  24,  1892,  4  bundles  of  sheepskins  with  the  wool  on. 

(2)  That  said  skins  have  been  alum-tanned,  are  not  far  enough  advanced  in  the 
process  of  dressing  to  be  pliable,  but  are  still  rough  and  stiff.  That  the  wool  thereon 
is  from  3^  to  7  inches  in  length,  washed  but  not  scoured,  and  is  wool  of  the  second 
class. 

(3)  That  said  skins  are  not  fur  skins  nor  furs  dressed  on  the  skin,  nor  dressed 
sheepskins. 


282 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


(4)  That  the  quantity  of  wool  thereon  was  ascertained  in  accordance  with  the 
rules  prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

(5)  That  duty  was  assessed  upon  the  quantity  of  wool  found  thereon  at  12  cents 
per  pound  under  the  provisions  of  paragraphs  377,  384,  and  387,  N.  T.,  and  the  skins 
were  passed  free. 

Entry  is  claimed,  under  paragraph  444,  at  20  per  cent  ad  valorem  as  furs  dressed 
on  the  skin,  or  under  paragraph  456  as  dressed  sheepskins. 

Upon  these  findings,  which  are  based  upon  facts  appearing  in  the  papers  and  upon 
information  received  in  the  examination  of  numerous  cases  relating  to  furs  dressed 
and  undressed,  we  hold  that  duty  was  correctly  levied  upon  the  wool,  and  overrule 
the  protest.    (13804— G.  A.  1998.) 


New  York,  February  8, 1893. 

Brokerage  on  wool. — We  find  as  facts  that — 

(1)  The  appellants  imported  into  the  port  of  New  York  certain  third-class  wool, 
purchased  by  them  at  Damascus  or  other  principal  markets  of  the  country  of  expor- 
tation, and  invoiced  at  a  given  price.  In  addition  to  the  value  of  the  merchandise 
per  se  certain  items  of  charges,  including  brokerage,  are  specified  in  the  invoice. 

(2)  Said  item  of  brokerage  was  paid  by  the  importers  in  these  cases,  and  accrued 
before  the  merchandise  was  packed  ready  for  shipment  to  the  United  States. 

After  further  investigation  concerning  the  nature  and  dutiable  character  of  the 
charge  for  brokerage,  which  appears  on  many  invoices,  the  board  is  of  the  opinion 
that  a  sweeping  declaration  that  all  such  charges  are  dutiable  would  be  erroneous, 
but  such  charges  call  for  a  careful  examination  and  inquiry  in  order  that  the  precise 
nature  of  the  same  and  the  circumstances  under  which  they  are  made  may  be  fully 
understood.  If  it  appears  that  such  a  charge  has  been  actually  paid  for  services  in 
effecting  a  purchase  of  wool  at  actual  market  value  at  a  place  which  is  one  of  the 
principal  markets  of  the  country  from  which  such  merchandise  is  shipped,  and 
where  such  merchandise  is  found  collected  in  quantities,  and  offered  for  sale  in  open 
market  (as  distinguished  from  the  services  of  a  traveling  agent  who  goes  about  in 
the  country  from  place  to  place  purchasing  and  gathering  the  wool  for  the  market 
in  quantities  sufficient  for  shipment),  we  are  of  the  opinion  that  brokerage  charged 
for  services  in  such  a  market  should  be  allowed  as  nondutiable,  and  although 
something  may  be  required  to  be  done  after  such  purchase  to  put  the  merchandise 
in  a  condition  ready  for  shipment,  yet  the  brokerage  should  not  be  included  among 
the  dutiable  charges,  and  on  this  point  we  modify  our  opinion  as  expressed  in  G.  A. 
1577,  when  the  existing  facts  show  that  the  brokerage  charge  accrued  for  services 
rendered  in  a  market  as  aforesaid. 

In  conformity  with  these  views,  and  on  our  findings  of  facts,  we  find  as  a  matter 
of  law  that  brokerage  and  inspection*charges  appearing  on  the  invoices  now  under 
consideration  do  not  form  any  part  of  the  dutiable  value  of  the  merchandise  covered 
by  protest.  The  claim  of  the  appellants  in  their  protests  is  sustained  and  the  col- 
lector's decision  is  reversed.    (138 1 2— O.  A,  2006.) 


New  York,  March  7,  1893. 

Sheepskins  with  the  wool  on. — We  find — 

(1)  That  Messrs.  Parrott  &  Co.  imported  into  the  port  of  San  Francisco  per  Mari- 
posa, May  12,  1892,  29  bales  containing  4,050  raw  sheepskins  with  the  wool  on. 

(2)  That  the  quantity  of  wool  was  ascertained  by  shearing  and  shaving  an  aver- 
age pelt  and  weighing  the  wool ;  that  the  average  weight  of  the  pelt  was  3*26  pounds 
and  the  quantity  of  wool  Ihereon  ascertained  as  aforesaid  was  1*63  pounds,  equal  to 
50  per  cent,  and  the  same  was  of  commercial  value. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


283 


(3)  That  duty  was  assessed  upon  the  wool  according  to  the  weight  so  ascertained 
at  11  cents  per  pound,  the  same  being  class  1,  merino  wool,  and  the  skins  were  passed 
free  of  duty. 

We  have  no  evidence  contradictory  to  the  weigher's  report  of  the  weight  of  wool 
as  returned,  but  by  this  test  it  is  our  opinion  that  the  weight  of  wool  returned  is 
favorable  to  the  importer,  and  that  the  percentage  acted  upon  in  a  number  of  other 
cases  of  this  importer  considered  simultaneously  herewith  was  not  only  fair  towards 
him,  but  liberal.  It  is  manifest  that  upon  importations  of  sheepskins  with  the  wool 
on  the  exact  weight  can  not  be  practically  ascertained  by  any  means  in  the  power  of 
customs  officers;  but  in  a  number  of  cases  investigated  at  New  York,  where  it  was 
claimed  that  percentages  acted  upon  were  too  high,  actual  tests  made  by  pulling 
have  proved  that  the  result  obtained  upon  the  percentage  basis  was  a  less  number 
of  pounds  than  the  result  of  pulling,  and  we  are  satisfied  from  an  examination  of  the 
results  in  this  and  other  cases  submitted  to  us  by  the  same  parties  in  interest,  that 
if  in  any  one  case  the  weight  according  to  the  percentage  applied  appeared  to  them 
as  slightly  excessive,  yet,  in  more  cases  by  the  same  test  the  results  appear  to  us  as 
too  low  and  the  total  weights  ascertained  by  the  application  of  the  methods  adopted 
by  the  customs  officers  for  the  ascertainment  of  the  quantity  of  wool  was  on  the 
whole  favorable  to  the  importer. 

It  is  claimed  in  the  protest  that  the  skins  are  entitled  to  free  entry  under  para- 
graph 605;  that  there  is  no  wool  of  commercial  value  on  the  skins.  Upon  the  facts 
this  claim  can  not  be  sustained,  and  the  protest  is  overruled.  (13886—  G.  A. 
2039.) 


New  York,  March  2,  1893. 
'  Worsted  and  cotton  shawls  embroidered. — We  find  in  these  cases  from  the 
exhibits  that  the  goods  covered  by  the  protests  are — 

(1)  Cotton  shawls  slightly  embroidered  with  worsted,  cotton  the  component 
material  of  chief  value. 

(2)  Worsted  shawls  elaborately  embroidered  with  silk,  worsted  the  component 
material  of  chief  value. 

Said  shawls  are  wearing  apparel. 

In  G.  A.  1061  and  1500  the  board  held  that  certain  worsted  shawls  embroidered 
with  silk  were  dutiable  at  the  rate  applicable  to  embroideries  of  the  material  com- 
posing the  body  of  said  shawls.  The  U.  S.  circuit  court  for  the  southern  district 
of  New  York  reversed  the  decision  of  the  board,  G.  A.  1061.  Judge  Lacombe,  in  con- 
struing paragraph  373,  N.  T.,  held  that  the  term  therein,  "materials  of  which  they 
are  respectively  composed,'7  referred  to  the  materials  composing  the  embroidery  on 
wearing  material  and  textile  fabrics,  and  not  to  the  materials  composing  the  wear- 
ing apparel  and  textile  fabrics.  The  U.  S.  circuit  court  of  appeals  recently  affirmed 
the  decision  of  the  circuit  court. 

We  therefore  hold  in  the  present  cases  that  the  worsted  shawls  are  dutiable  at  44 
cents  per  pound  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem  under  paragraph  392,  as  claimed  by  the 
appellants,  and  tha  t  the  cotton  shawls  are  dutiable  at  50  cents  per  pound  and  60  per 
cent  ad  valorem,  in  accordance  with  paragraphs  373  and  398,  N.  T. 

The  protests  with  regard  to  the  worsted  shawl  are  sustained  and  the  collector's 
decision  is  affirmed  as  to  the  cotton  shawls. 

The  views  expressed  in  G.  A.  1061  and  1500  are  modified  to  conform  to  this  decision. 
(13878— Cr.  A.  2031.) 


New  York,  March  7,  1893. 

Wool  on  sheepskins.— We  find — 

(1)  That  Messrs.  Harmell  Bros,  imported  into  the  port  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  May  6, 
1892,  thirty  bales  of  raw  sheepkins  with  the  wool  on. 


284 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


(2)  That  said  skins  were  from  Buenos  Ay  res,  and  the  quantity  of  wool  thereon 
was  ascertained  in  accordance  with  the  regulations  of  the  Treasury  Department  and 
returned  at  54^  per  cent  of  the  weight  of  the  pelts. 

(3)  That  the  samples  officially  drawn  and  furnished  the  hoard  were  carefully 
examined  by  the  wool  examiner  at  the  U.  S.  appraiser's  store  in  New  York, 
and  the  quantity  of  wool  thereon  as  found  and  stated  by  him  to  the  board  was  55 
per  cent  of  the  gross  weight.  From  this  and  numerous  other  actual  tests  caused  to 
be  made  by  the  board  upon  protests  where  the  correctness  of  the  Treasury  regula- 
tions have  been  questioned,  we  are  of  the  opinion  that  the  percentages  fixed  by  the 
Department  will  be  found  to  be  generally  more  favorable  to  importers  than  actual 
tests  by  pulling.  No  complaint  is  made  as  to  the  rate  of  duty,  but  it  is  claimed  that 
the  weight  of  wool  should  have  been  returned  at  less  than  54^  per  cent  and  the  skins 
should  have  been  passed  free. 

The  importers  in  this  case  do  not  seem  to  have  been  aggrieved,  and  the  protest  is 
overruled.    (13887-G.  A  2040.) 


New  York,  March  8,  1893. 
Knit  fabrics,  wearing  apparel. — We  make  the  following  findings  of  fact  in 
these  cases : 

(1)  That  the  goods  in  question  were  imported  since  October  6,  1890. 

(2)  That  they  consist  of  undershirts,  drawers,  hosiery,  gloves,  and  other  articles, 
made  up  wholly  or  in  part  on  knitting  machines  or  framed  and  composed  chiefly  or 
wholly  of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other  animal. 

(3)  That  all  the  goods  in  question  are  articles  of  wearing  apparel. 

The  collector  classified  the  goods  in  each  case  as  articles  of  wearing  apparel  com- 
posed wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other 
animal,  and  assessed  duty  thereon  under  the  provisions  of  paragraph  396  of  the  new 
tariff1  act.  The  importers  contend  that  the  goods  are  more  specifically  provided  for 
as  "knit  fabrics,  and  all  fabrics  made  on  knitting  machines  or  frames,"  made  wholly 
or  in  part  of  wool,  worsted,  etc.,  and  as  such  are  dutiable  under  the  provisions  of 
paragraph  392  of  said  act. 

The  board's  decision  of  February  4, 1891  (G.  A.  289),  which  sustained  the  importers' 
claim  in  a  case  similar  to  the  present  contention,  was  reversed  by  the  circuit  court 
for  the  southern  district  of  New  York  (In  re  Arnold,  46  Fed.  Rep.,  510).  The  latter 
decision  was  recently  affirmed  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  in  an 
opinion  by  Mr.  Justice  Brewer. 

The  Supreme  Court  held  that  the  term  "knit  fabrjcs,"  as  used  in  paragraph  392, 
was  intended  to  embrace  only  such  piece  goods  as  are  fabrics  made  on  knitting- 
machines  or  frames,  other  than  ready-made  clothing  and  other  articles  of  wearing 
apparel,  and  accordingly  decide  that  woolen  and  worsted  knit  goods,  such  as  hosiery, 
undershirts,  drawers,  etc.,  were  properly  classified  and  assessed  for  duty  as  articles 
of  wearing  apparel  under  said  paragraph  396,  N.  T. 

Following  that  decision,  we  overrule  all  the  protests  and  affirm  the  collector's 
decision  in  each  case. 

The  protests  as  to  the  constitutionality  of  the  act  of  October  1,  1890,  are  also  over- 
ruled.   (13§S§— O.  A.  2041.) 


Treasury  Department,  April  10,  1893. 
East  India  wools. — The  Department  is  informed  that  sorted  East  India  wools 
costing  less  than  13  cents  per  pound  (other  than  Kandahar  wools)  are  subjected 
at  your  port  to  a  single  duty  of  32  per  cent  ad  valorem,  and  not  to  double  duty  (64 
per  cent)  prescribed  by  paragraph  383,  N.  T.,  on  the  ground,  as  explained  by  the 
appraiser,  that  such  single  duty  being  levied  on  the  value  of  the  wool  in  its  sorted 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


285 


condition  results  in  a  greater  amount  than  the  double  rate  on  the  unsorted  value, 
and,  consequently,  that  your  practice  is  claimed  to  be  in  accordance  with  the  rule 
stated  in  synopsis  12468. 

It  appears,  however,  from  reports  received  from  the  collectors  of  customs  at 
Philadelphia  and  New  York,  under  dates  of  the  7th  and  8th  ultimo,  respectively, 
that  the  value  of  such  wools  in  the  unsorted  condition,  as  estimated  by  the  appraiser 
at  those  ports  (not  less  than  5£rif.  per  pound)  is  sufficiently  high  to  net  a  greater 
amount  of  duty  at  the  rate  of  64  per  cent  on  such  value  than  at  the  rate  of  32 
per  cent  on  the  sorted  value,  and,  consequently,  that  they  assess  on  such  wools  the 
double  duty,  as  provided  in  said  paragraph  383,  and  the  alternate  rule  laid  down  in 
the  above-cited  decision. 

In  view  of  representations  made  to  the  Department  that  such  difference  of  prac- 
tice results  in  a  discrimination  against  the  importers  of  similar  wools  at  New  York 
and  Philadelphia  and  in  favor  of  those  at  your  port,  and  in  the  absence  of  any 
authoritative  standard  for  the  determination  of  the  foreign  value  of  said  wools  in  the 
unsorted  condition,  it  is  deemed  advisable  to  accept  the  higher  estimate  for  the  pur- 
pose of  determining  the  proper  rate  of  duty,  and  you  are  therefore^authorized  to 
bring  your  practice  into  accord  with  that  prevailing  at  the  other  ports,  leaving  the 
importers,  if  dissatisfied,  to  their  remedy  under  section  14  of  the  act  of  June  10, 
1890.  (13910.) 


Treasury  Department,  April  29,  1893. 

Classification  of  third-class  "sorted"  wool. — The  Department  is  in  receipt 
of  a  letter,  dated  the  24th  instant,  from  the  U.  S.  attorney  for  the  southern  district 
of  New  York,  in  which  he  reports  that,  on  the  18th  instant,  the  U.S.  circuit  court  of 
appeals  at  New  York  rendered  a  decision  in  favor  of  the  importers,  In  re  E.  S. 
Higgins  &  Co.,  involving  the  dutiable  classification  of  third-class  wool,  affirming 
the  decision  of  the  U.  S.  circuit  court  for  said  district. 

It  appears  that  on  April  2,  1891,  the  said  firm  imported,  per  Teutonic,  certain  gray, 
yellow,  and  white  wools,  washed,  of  the  third  class,  which  were  classified  by  the 
collector,  as  follows:  The  gray  and  yellow,  as  wools  of  the  third  class,  under  the 
provisions  of  paragraphs  378,  383,  and  385  of  the  act  of  October  1,  1890,  which  are  as 
follows: 

378.  Class  3,  that  is  to  say,  Donskoi,  native  South  American,  Cordova,  Valparaiso, 
native  Smyrna,  Russian  camel's  hair,  and  including  all  such  wools  of  like  character 
as  have  been  heretofore  usually  imported  into  the  United  States  from  Turkey,  Greece, 
Egypt,  Syria,  and  elsewhere,  excepting  improved  wools  hereinafter  provided  for. 

383.  The  duty  upon  wool  of  the  sheep  or  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  and  other 
like  animals  which  shall  be  imported  in  any  other  than  ordinary  condition,  or  which 
shall  be  changed  in  its  character  or  condition  for  the  purpose  of  evading  the  duty, 
or  which  shall  be  reduced  in  value  by  the  admixture  of  dirt  or  any  other  foreign 
substance,  or  which  has  been  sorted  or  increased  in  value  by  the  rejection  of  any 
part  of  the  original  fleece,  shall  be  twice  the  duty  to  which  it  would  be  otherwise 
subject:  Provided,  That  skirted  wools  as  now  imported  are  hereby  excepted.  Wools 
on  which  a  duty  is  assessed  amounting  to  three  times  or  more  than  that  which  would 
be  assessed  if  said  wool  was  imported  unwashed,  such  duty  shall  not  be  doubled  on 
account  of  its  being  sorted.  If  any  bale  or  package  of  wool  or  hair  specified  in  this 
act,  imported  as  of  any  specified  class,  or  claimed  by  the  importer  to  be  dutiable  as 
of  any  specified  class,  shall  contain  any  wool  or  hair  subject  to  a  higher  rate  of  duty 
than  the  class  so  specified,  the  whole  bale  or  package  shall  be  subject  to  the  highest 
rate  of  duty  chargeable  on  wool  of  the  class  subject  to  such  higher  rate  of  duty,  and 
if  any  bale  or  package  be  claimed  by  the  importer  to  be  shoddy,  mungo,  flocks,  wool, 
hair,  or  other  material  of  any  class  specified  in  this  act,  and  such  bale  contain  any 
admixture  of  any  one  or  more  of  said  materials,  or  of  any  other  material,  the  whole 
bale  or  package  shall  be  subject  to  duty  at  the  highest  rate  imposed  upon  any  arti- 
cle in  said  bale  or  package. 

385.  On  wools  of  the  third  class  and  on  camel's  hair  of  the  third  class,  the  value 
whereof  shall  be  thirteen  cents  or  less  per  pound,  including  charges,  the  duty  shall 
be  thirty-two  per  centum  ad  valorem. 


286 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


The  white  wool  was  classified  as  wool  of  the  third  class  under  said  paragraph  378, 
as  valued  at  over  13  cents  per  pound,  under  paragraph  386,  which  imposes  a  duty  of 
50  per*  cent  ad  valorem  on  wools  of  the  third  class  so  valued  and  sorted  under  said 
paragraph  383;  and  duty  exacted  on  the  gray  and  yellow  wools  at  the  rate  of  64  per 
cent  ad  valorem,  and  on  the  white  wool  at  the  rate  of  100  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

Against  the  exaction  of  duty  at  these  rates  the  importers  protested,  claiming  that 
the  gray  and  yellow  wools  were  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  32  per  cent  ad  valorem  only, 
and  the  white  wools  at  the  rate  of  50  per  cent  ad  valorem  only,  on  the  following 
grounds,  viz: 

(1)  That  the  provisions  of  paragraph  383,  relating  to  the  subject  of  "  sorting,"  are 
inapplicable  to  wools  of  the  third  class. 

(2)  That  "sorting,"  within  the  meaning  of  said  paragraph,  includes  only  such 
manipulation  of  wools  by  the  rejection  of  a  part  of  the  original  fleece  as  may  result 
in  an  increase  of  value,  and  that  "sorts"  composed  of  the  inferior  portions  of  the 
fleece  can  not  be  held  liable  to  double  duty  even  if  those  increased  in  value  are  so 
liable. 

(3)  That  the  grading  of  the  wools  by  a  separation  of  the  fleece  merely  according  to 
colors  is  not  "sorting"  within  the  proper  signification  of  that  word. 

(4)  That  if  liable  to  double  duty  as  sorted  wool,  the  duty  should  be  double  only 
on  its  value  in  an  unsorted  and  not  a  sorted  condition;  and 

(5)  That  the  white  wool  had  already  been  assessed  with  duty  at  the  rate  of  50  per 
cent  ad  valorem,  amounting  to  three  times  that  which  would  be  assessed  if  said  wool 
had  been  imported  unwashed,  and  was,  therefore,  if  sorted  wool,  within  the  provi- 
sions of  paragraph  383,  exempting  wools  from  the  double  duty. 

The  case  was  accordingly  taken  to  the  Board  of  U.  S.  General  Appraisers,  under 
the  provisions  of  section  14  of  the  act  of  June  10,  1890,  and  on  August  4,  1891  (G.  A. 
797,  Synopses  11692  and  13423),  the  board  rendered  a  decision  reversing  that  of  the 
collector,  whereupon  an  appeal  was  taken  to  the  circuit  court  at  New  York,  where 
the  decision  of  the  board  was  affirmed. 

Under  date  of  February  11,  1892,  the  U.  S.  Attorney-General  advised  this  Depart- 
ment that,  in  view  of  the  doubt  entertained  by  him  as  to  the  correctness  of  the 
construction  of  the  word  "sorting"  in  paragraph  383,  and  in  view  of  the  general 
doubt  which  surrounds  the  clause  by  reason  of  the  very  awkward  application  of  the 
paragraph  to  third-class  wools,  an  appeal  to  the  U.  S.  circuit  court  of  appeals  had 
been  directed. 

In  the  opinion  handed  down  by  the  circuit  court  of  appeals  in  this  case  the  follow- 
ing language  is  used: 

Upon  the  argument  we  expressed  the  opinion  that  the  Board  of  Appraisers  and 
the  circuit  court  were  correct  in  their  conclusion  that  the  gray  and  yellow  wool  was 
not  "sorted"  within  the  meaning  of  paragraph  383.  This  word  is  aptly  defined 
in  the  return  of  the  Board  of  General  Appraisers:  "Sorting,  as  usually  defined, 
means  that  process  preliminary  to  wool  manufacturing  necessary  to  fit  the  article 
for  textile  purposes,  which  consists  in  classifying  by  separation  the  fibers  of  the 
fleece  as  clipped  from  the  sheep's  body,  according  to  length,  fineness,  elasticity,  and 
soundness  of  staple.  The  wool  varies  in  quality  in  different  parts  of  the  animal, 
as  many  as  twelve  or  fourteen  i sorts'  being  sometimes  obtained  from  a  single  fleece, 
but  frequently  not  more  than  from  five  to  seven  qualities."  This  definition  is  sus- 
tained by  expert  evidence  before  the  board  and  by  technical  works  on  manufactures, 
which  they  cite.  It  is  in  accord  with  the  definition  contained  in  the  Report  on 
Wool  and  Manufactures  of  Wool  published  by  the  Treasury  Department  September  6, 
1889,  xmd  which  was  presumably  known  to  the  framers  of  the  tariff  act  of  1890.  The 
word  is  therein  thus  defined:  "Sorts:  The  fleeces  broken  into  narrower  and  more 
accurate  subdivisions  as  to  fineness,  there  being  several  qualities  or  sorts  of  wool 
in  the  same  fleece."  The  phrase,  "  which  has  been  sorted  or  increased  in  value  by 
the  rejection  of  any  part  of  the  original  fleece"  in  paragraph  383,  is  coupled  with 
the  phrases,  "imported  in  any  other  than  ordinary  conditions,"  "changed  in  its 
character  or  condition  for  the  purpose  of  evading  the  duty,"  and  "reduced  in  value 
by  the  admixture  of  dirt  or  other  foreign  substance,"  and  the  provisions  for  pajmient 
of  double  duty  is  in  the  nature  of  a  penalty.  In  view  of  the  fact  that  East  India  wool 
of  this  class,  as  the  evidence  shows,  has  always  been  packed  abroad,  separated  as  to 
color,  and  so  imported,  and  of  the  further  fact  that,  before  the  act  of  1890  was  passed, 
complaint  had  been  made  by  the  woolgrowers  of  this  country  of  a  practice  that  had 
grown  up  of  taking  third-class  wool,  separating  the  very  finest  parts  of  the  fleece., 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


287 


bringing  them  over  here,  and  getting  them  through  the  custom  house  as  carpet 
wool,  and  then  using  them  for  the  purpose  of  making  clothing,  there  is  additional 
warrant  for  the  conclusion  that  Congress  used  the  phrase  "  sorted  wool"  with  the 
meaning  understood  by  wool-dealers,  viz :  A  breaking  up  of  the  fleeces  to  obtain  a 
subdivision  into  grades,  and  not  a  mere  separation  by  whole  fleeces  into  colors,  each, 
fleece  still  containing  the  separate  sorts  of  wool  of  which  it  was  composed  when 
sheared  from  the  sheep's  back. 

There  was  no  warrant,  therefore,  for  classifying  the  gray  and  yellow  wools  here 
imported  as  " sorted,"  and  therefore  the  double  duty  upon  them  was  improperly 
exacted. 

It  is  conceded  that  the  white  wool  was  not  only  separated  by  color,  but  also  sorted 
in  quality.  As  such  it  would  be  liable  to  the  double  duty  imposed  by  paragraph  383, 
except  for  the  proviso  which  excepts  "  wools"  on  which  a  duty  is  assessed,  amount- 
ing to  three  times  or  more  than  that  which  would  be  assessed  if  said  wool  wrere 
imported  unwashed. 

The  Board  of  Appraisers  found,  as  a  fact,  that  the  duty  already  assessed  at  50  per 
cent  ad  valorem  on  the  white  wrool  amounted  to  more  than  three  times  the  amount 
to  which  it  would  have  been  subject  if  imported  unwashed. 

We  find  nothing  in  the  record  to  call  for  a  review  of  this  finding  of  fact,  and,  it  being 
a  fact,  there  was  no  warrant  for  the  imposition  of  the  double  duty.  In  the  argument 
ab  inconvenienti  advanced  by  the  district  attorney,  we  do  not  find  sufficient  ground 
for  restricting  the  proviso  to  those  classes  of  wools  (first  and  second  class)  upon  which 
the  statute  assesses  duty  by  the  express  term  unwashed.  If  third-class  unwashed 
wool  were  imported  it  would  pay  a  duty  easily  ascertainable  by  multiplying  the 
valuation  by  the  ad  valorem  rate.  When  the  statute  also  provides  that,  if  the  duty 
on  the  same  wool  washed  is  three  times  what  it  would  be  were  the  wool  unwashed, 
there  shall  be  no  doubling  on  account  of  its  being  sorted,  the  language  is  plain  and 
comprehensive  of  all  wools,  and  there  is  no  reason  why  it  should  be  construed  to 
have  a  different  meaning  from  that  which  is  expressed  upon  its  face  simply  because 
it  may  not  be  convenient  to  ascertain  the  value  of  unwashed  wool  of  the  same  class 
and  grade  as  washed  wool.  The  Board  of  Appraisers  did  not  find  the  task  impossible, 
and  presumably  the  collector  would  have  found  it  no  more  difficult.  (Arthur  v.  Pas- 
tor, 109  U.  S.,  139.) 

The  decision  of  the  circuit  court  is  affirmed. 

In  view  of  the  above,  you  are  hereby  authorized  to  take  measures  looking  to  a 
refund  of  the  excess  of  duty  exacted  in  this  case,  and  you  will  apply  these  instruc- 
tions to  all  similar  cases  pending  at  your  port  where  the  importers  have  duly  pro- 
tected their  rights  in  the  manner  x>ointed  out  by  the  act  of  June  10,  1890.  (13940.) 


New  York,  March  23,  1898, 
Traveling  rugs. — (1)  The  goods  covered  by  this  protest  were  imported  into  the 
port  of  New  York  subsequent  to  October  6,  1890,  and  consist  of  traveling  rugs  com- 
posed of  mohair  and  cotton. 

(2)  Said  goods  are  not  portions  of  carpets  or  carpetings. 

(3)  Said  goods  are  not  fabrics  in  the  piece,  and  are  not  wearing  apparel,  but  are 
made-up  articles  not  denominatively  provided  for  in  the  present  act,  manufactured 
from  a  pile  fabric,  and  of  which  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca, 
or  other  animal  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value. 

Duty  was  assessed  upon  said  goods  by  the  collector  at  49£  cents  per  pound  and  60 
■per  cent  ad  valorem  under  paragraph  396,  N.  T.,  as  pile  fabrics.  The  appellants 
.claim  the  same  to  be  dutiable  (1)  as  rugs  assimilating  to  carpets  or  carpeting  at  50 
per  cent  ad  valorem  under  paragraphs  407  and  408,  N.  T. ;  (2)  at  44  cents  per  pound 
,and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem  under  paragraph  392  as  manufactures  composed  wholly 
.or  in  part  of  wool,  worsted,  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other  animals. 

In  our  opinion  the  second  claim  of  the  appellants  is  well  founded.  Paragraph 396 
provides  for  "  plushes  and  other  pile  fabrics."  We  think  this  term  means  piece 
•goods,  and  not  articles  made  from  plush  or  other  pile  fabrics.  Such  a  construction 
iOf  the  statute  would  seem  to  be  in  harmony  with  the  decision  of  the  II.  S.  Supreme 
Court,  In  re.  Arnold,  touching  knit  fabrics,  and  also  in  harmony  with  decision  of 
/the  U.  S.  circuit  court  of  appeals,  In  re.  Kursheedt  Manufacturing  Company.  In  the 


288 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


last-named  case  the  merchandise  was  dress  facings  manufactured  from  velveteen. 
The  court  said : 

The  real  question  in  this  case  is  whether  the  articles  are  the  velveteens  of  para- 
graph 350  or  a  manufactured  article.  Concededly,  if  they  are  a  manufactured  article, 
they  are  a  manufacture  of  cotton  because  they  are  made  of  velveteen,  which  itself  is 
a  manufacture  of  cotton.  If  they  are  specially  provided  for  and  excluded  from  the 
manufactures  of  cotton  of  paragraph  355  for  that  reason,  it  is  because  they  are  vel- 
veteens. *  *  *  We  think  the  evidence  clearly  shows  that  the  articles  in  contro- 
versy have  lost  their  commercial  identity  as  velveteens  and  are  a  manufactured 
article. 

We  hold  in  the  present  case  that  the  merchandise  in  controversy  has  lost  its  com- 
mercial identity  as  pile  fabrics,  and  is  a  manufactured  article  specially  enumerated 
and  provided  for  in  paragraph  392.  To  this  extent  the  protest  is  sustained  and  the 
collector's  decision  is  reversed.    (13964 — Gr.  A.  2069.) 


New  York,  April  4,  1893. 
Masks  and  toy  mustaches. — We  find  that  the  goods  covered  by  this  protest,  as 
shown  by  the  exhibits,  are — 

(1)  Masks  manufactured  from  a  gauze-like  cotton  fabric  stiffened  with  a  starchy 
substance  and  painted  to  resemble  the  human  face. 

(2)  Masks  composed  of  paper  or  pulp  and  having  attached  thereto  a  flowing 
beard  of  white  wool,  paper  or  pulp  the  component  material  of  chief  value  in  said 
masks. 

(3)  Rude  imitations  of  false  mustaches,  identical  with  those  covered  by  G.  A  1079. 
The  merchandise  was  classified  by  the  collector  as  manufactures  of  cotton  and  wool, 
respectively. 

The  appellants  claim  the  same  is  dutiable  at  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  para- 
graph 436,  N.  T.,  as  toys,  and  alternatively  that  the  masks  and  beards  are  dutiable 
at  the  same  rate  under  paragraph  463. 

Masks  are  used  by  children  in  play,  but  they  are  also  used  by  adults  for  masquer- 
ading'purposes.  The  preponderance  of  evidence  taken  in  this  case  shows  that 
these  are  designed  for  and  chiefly  used  by  adults.  The  Treasury  Department  under 
former  acts  ruled,  and  up  to  the  date  of  the  passage  of  the  present  act  uniformly 
held,  that  articles  of  the  kind  in  question  were  not  toys.  Congress  does  not  seem 
to  have  regarded  masks  as  toys,  otherwise  it  would  hardly  have  distinguished 
between  toys  and  paper  masks  by  providing  therefor  in  the  act  of  October,  1890,  at 
the  same  rate  of  duty  under  paragraphs  436  and  463,  respectively. 

We  hold  that  the  several  kinds  of, masks  in  question  are  not  toys,  and  we  over- 
rule the  protest  and  affirm  the  collector's  decision  as  to  the  cotton  masks.  We  sus- 
tain the  claim  of  the  appellants  that  the  paper  masks  with  beards  of  wool  are  duti- 
able at  35  per  cent  ad  valorem  under  paragraph  463. 

In  our  opinion,  the  term  masks  composed  of  paper  or  pulp  includes  such  articles 
composed  of  mixed  materials  of  which  paper  or  pulp  is  the  component  of  chief 
value.  We  also  sustain  the  protest  with  regard  to  the  mustaches.  (13975 — 
O.  A.  20§0.) 


New  York,  April  6,  1893, 
"Shetland  veils." — The  goods  covered  by  this  protest  are  invoiced  as  "White 
Shetland  falls."  These  articles  are  loosely  knit,  and  have  scalloped  edges  surround- 
ing a  fancy  knit  border  about  2  inches  wide.  In  dimensions  and  form  they  are 
nearly  a  semicircle,  24  inches  in  diameter.  The  appellants  claim  triat  said  goods  are 
dutiable  at  44  cents  per  pound  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  under  paragraph  392, 
N.  T.,  as  knit  shawls  composed  of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca, 
or  other  animal. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


289 


We  find  that— 

(1)  Said  merchandise  on  or  about  October  1,  1890,  and  immediately  prior  thereto, 
was  not  commercially  known  as  shawls,  but  was  then  and  is  now  known  in  trade  as 
" infants7  falls,"  "  infants'  veils,  or  Shetland  veils." 

(2)  Said  merchandise  is  weariug  apparel,  not  shawls  composed  of  wool,  worsted, 
the  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other  animal,  and  is  knit  by  hand  or 
machinery. 

On  these  findings,  we  hold  the  claim  of  the  appellants  is  not  well  founded.  The 
protest  is  overruled,  and  the  collector's  decision  in  assessing  duty  on  the  merchan- 
dise at  49i  cents  per  pound  and  60  per  cent  ad  valorem  under  paragraph  396,  N.  T., 
is  affirmed.    (13979— G.  A*  2084.) 


New  York,  April  10,  1893. 
Robes  embroidered. — We  find  as  facts  in  these  cases  that — 

(1)  The  goods  in  question  are  invoiced  as  robes  and  are  dress  patterns  composed 
wholly  or  in  part  of  wool. 

(2)  Said  dress  patterns  consist  of  tAVo  pieces  of  cloth  of  contrasting  colors,  one  of 
which  is  plain  and  the  other  embroidered  with  silk  or  metal  or  both,  or  is  orna- 
mented with  glass  beads. 

(3)  These  so-called  robes  are  not  manufactured  wholly  or  in  part,  but  are  merely 
cut  into  suitable  lengths  to  be  manufactured  into  ladies'  costumes  or  robes. 

(4)  Said  merchandise  weighs  over  4  ounces  to  the  square  yard,  and  the  greater 
part  of  the  material  is  commercially  known  as  women's  dress  goods,  as  is  a  manu- 
facture of  which  wool,  worsted,  hair  of  the  camel,  alpaca,  goat,  or  other  animal  is 
the  component  material  of  chief  value,  valued  at  above  40  cents  per  pound. 

The  collector  assessed  duty  upon  this  merchandise  at  60  cents  per  pound  and  60 
per  cent  ad  valorem,  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  paragraphs  373  and  398, 
N.  T. 

The  appellants  claim  said  merchandise  is  dutiable  at  44  cents  per  pound  and  50 
per  cent  ad  valorem  under  paragraphs  392,  394,  or  395,  N.  T. 

The  board  in  G.  A.  1066  decided  that  the  value  of  the  embroidered  and  plain 
materials  comprising  so-called  robes,  identical  with  these  in  question,  should  have 
been  segregated  by  the  appraiser  and  the  separate  kinds  of  merchandise  classified 
and  assessed  with  duty  by  the  collector  under  the  respective  paragraphs  of  the 
present  act  which  specifically  provide  therefor.  This  decision  was  affirmed  by  the 
U.  S.  circuit  court  for  the  southern  district  of  New  York  (50  Fed.  Rep.,  465). 

The  circuit  court  of  appeals  for  the  second  circuit,  In  re.  Schefer,  Schramm  & 
Vogel,  decided  that  wool  or  worsted  shawls  embroidered  with  silk  were  not  subject 
to  the  rate  of  duty  imposed  upon  embroideries  composed  of  wool  or  worsted,  and 
as  none  of  the  merchandise  in  question  is  embroidered  with  wool,  worsted,  the  hair 
of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other  animals,  the  necessity  of  segregating  the  value 
of  these  plain  and  embroidered  fabrics  would  not  seem  to  exist,  inasmuch  as  but 
one  rate  of  duty  is  applicable  thereto. 

We  hold  tnat  the  goods  in  question  are  dutiable  at  44  cents  per  pound  and  50 
per  cent  ad  valorem,  as  claimed  by  the  appellants.  To  this  extent  the  protests  are 
sustained  and  the  collector's  decision  is  reversed. 

The  views  expressed  by  the  board  in  G.  A.  888  and  1066  are  hereby  modified  to 
conform  to  this  decision.    (139§3— G.  A.  *088.) 


New  York,  April  10,  1893. 
Embroidered  woolen  table  covers. — We  find  as  facts  in  this  case  that — 
(1)  The  goods  covered  by  these  protests  are  table  covers  and  other  made-up  arti- 
cles composed  of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other  animal. 

H.  Mis.  94  19 


290 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


(2)  Said  articles  are  embroidered,  by  hand  or  machinery,  with  silk,  metal,  or  some 
substance  other  than  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other 
animal. 

(3)  The  rate  of  duty  provided  for  said  articles  in  paragraph  392  is  greater  than 
that  provided  for  embroideries  of  the  materials  composing  the  embroidery  on  said 
articles. 

Following  the  decision  of  the  U.  S.  circuit  court,  second  circuit,  In  re.  Schefer, 
Schramm  &  Vogel,  we  sustain  these  protests  and  reverse  the  collector's  decision. 
(i3984-G.  A.  2089.) 


New  York,  April  11,  1893. 

Fur-lined  garments.— We  find  that — 

(1)  The  goods  covered  by  this  protest  are  ladies'  cloaks  composed  of  wool  or 
worsted  lined  with  squirrel  fur  and  trimmed  about  the  neck,  sleeves,  front,  bottom, 
and  back  with  black  marten's  fur. 

(2)  Said  goods  are  manufactures  of  which  fur  is  the  component  material  of  chief 
value,  the  value  of  the  fur  trimmings  alone  being  greater  than  the  value  of  the  wool 
or  worsted  in  said  goods. 

The  collector  assessed  duty  on  these  cloaks  at  49^  cents  per  pound  and  60  per  cent 
ad  valorem  under  paragraph  397,  N.  T. 

The  appellants  claim  the  same  are  dutiable  at  35  per  cent  ad  valorem  under  para- 
graph 461,  N.  T.  In  our  opinion  the  claim  of  the  appellants  is  well  founded.  It  will 
hardly  be  contended  that  fur  cloaks  lined  withwool  or  worsted  should  be  classified 
and  assessed  with  duty  under  paragraph  397,  and  we  can  see  no  reason  for  holding 
that  cloaks  of  which  fur  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value  shall  pay  different 
rates  of  duty  when  fur  forms  the  inside  or  outside  of  such  garments.  In  the  present 
case  fur  is  a  marked  feature  of  the  cloaks,  and  increases  the  value  thereof  to  more 
than  double  that  of  wool  or  worsted  cloaks  of  a  corresponding  quality,  size,  and 
fashion. 

We  hold  that  the  goods  in  question  are  more  specifically  provided  for  under  para- 
graph 461  than  under  paragraph  397. 

The  protest  is  sustained  and  the  collectors  decision  reversed.  (13985— €r.  A. 
2090.) 


Treasury  Department,  May  17, 1893. 

White  third-class  wool. — The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the 
13th  instant,  inviting  attention  to  the  decision  of  the  Board  of  General  Appraisers 
(G.  A.  2105),  dated  the  21st  ultimo,  wherein  it  is  held  that  certain  white  third-class 
wool,  invoiced  at  above  13  cents  per  pound,  was  sorted,  and  having  been  returned  as 
worth  12  cents  per  pound  in  its  condition  before  sorting,  it  was  properly  dutiable  at 
the  rate  of  64  per  cent  ad  valorem  ("double  duty")  on  its  value  in  its  unsorted  con- 
dition, under  the  provisions  of  paragraphs  383  and  385  of  the  act  of  October  1, 1890. 

You  contend  that  inasmuch  as  the  white  wool  in  question,  in  the  condition  in 
which  imported,  was  third-class  wool,  invoiced  at  above  13  cents  per  pound,  it  was 
properly  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  50  per  cent  ad  valorem  under  the  provisions  of  par- 
agraph 386  of  the  act  of  October  1,  1890,  by  virtue  of  the  last  clause  of  section  5  of 
the  aforesaid  act,  which  provides  that  "if  two  or  more  rates  of  duty  shall  be  appli- 
cable to  an  imported  article  it  shall  pay  duty  at  the  highest  rate,"  and  you  there- 
fore request  to  be  advised  as  to  whether  the  aforesaid  decision  of  the  board  should 
be  challenged  in  the  manner  prescribed  by  law. 

In  reply  I  have  to  inform  you  that  it  is  the  opinion  of  the  Department  that  the 
provisions  for  sorted  wools  contained  in  paragraph  383  of  the  act  of  October  1,  1890, 
are  independent  of  the  provisions  of  paragraph  386  of  the  said  act,  based  on  price 
and  more  specific,  so  that  third-class  wool  valued  at  more  than  13  cents  per  pound, 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OP  WOOL. 


291 


if  sorted,  will  properly  fall  within  the  provisions  of  paragraph  383  rather  than  under 
paragraph  386.  Two  rates  of  duty  not  being  applicable  to  the  white  wool  of  tho 
third  class  herein  under  consideration,  the  case  is  not  one  falling  within  the  last 
clause  of  section  5  of  the  act  of  October  1,  1890. 

Referring  to  finding  4  of  the  aforesaid  decision  of  the  board,  it  appears  that  the 
said  wool  had  been  washed,  and  that  the  duty  of  50  per  cent  ad  valorem  upon  its 
invoiced  value  would  not  equal  three  times  the  duty  upon  said  wool  in  an  unwashed 
and  unsorted  condition.  The  decision  of  the  board,  holding  the  wool  to  be  dutiable 
at  the  rate  of  64  per  cent  ad  valorem  upon  its  unwashed  and  unsorted  value,under  the 
provisions  of  paragraphs  383  and  385  of  the  act  of  October  1, 1890,  is  therefore  in  har- 
mony with  the  recent  decision  of  the  circuit  court  of  appeals  in  the  case  of  E.  S. 
Higgins  &  Co. 

The  Department  accordingly  holds  that  no  application  for  review  should  be  filed 
under  the  provisions  of  section  15  of  the  act  of  June  10, 1890,  in  this  case.  (14015.) 


Treasury  Departmknt,  May  22,  1893. 

Wool  samples.— -The  Department  has  had  under  consideration  several  applica- 
tions from  importers  of  wool  for  relief  from  the  immediate  enforcement  of  Depart- 
ment's circular  No.  28,  of  February  21,  1893,  establishing  standards  for  comparison 
in  the  classification  of  wool.  It  has  been  represented  that  the  result  of  classification 
according  to  the  new  standards  has,  in  many  cases,  thrown  wools  which  have 
hitherto  been  held  as  of  the  third  class  into  the  first  class,  and  that,  in  consequence, 
the  duty  has  been  largely  increased.  It  is  further  contended  that  wools  which 
had  been  ordered  in  ignorance  of  any  impending  change  of  the  classification  pre- 
vailing up  to  the  issuance  of  said  circular  have  in  some  cases  been  sold  in  advance 
of  arrival  at  prices  based  upon  the  then  prevailing  rates  of  duty,  and  as  a  result  of 
the  change  importers  have  been  subjected  to  heavy  loss  without  remedy. 

On  November  26, 1888  (Synopsis  9136),  the  Department  in  instructing  the  collector 
of  customs  at  New  York  in  regard  to  the  classification  of  hat  trimmings,  which  had 
been  changed  in  consequence  of  conclusions  arrived  at  by  the  appraisers,  used  the 
following  language: 

A  change  in  the  classification  which  has  prevailed  for  so  long  a  period  of  time 
should  not  be  made  except  upon  timely  notice  to  all  persons  engaged  in  the  business 
of  importing  and  dealing  in  such  merchandise,  and,  in  the  judgment  of  the  Depart- 
ment, where  it  is  made  to  appear  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  collector  that  the  goods 
were  ordered  prior  to  the  announcement  of  his  decision  changing  the  classification, 
the  entry  should  be  liquidated  and  the  duty  assessed  according  to  the  practice  which 
prevailed  before  the  change  was  made. 

On  January  10, 1891  (Synopsis  10587),  in  promulgating  the  new  regulations  regard- 
ing the  valuation  of  foreign  coins,  in  accordance  with  which  certain  currencies  were 
subjected  to  a  higher  valuation,  the  Department  said: 

With  a  view,  however,  of  affording  relief  to  importers  of  merchandise  from  such 
countries  *  *  *  where  it  would  seem  that  a  great  hardship  would  be  imposed  by 
immediately  enforcing  the  said  decision,  *  *  *  the  Department  has  reached  the 
conclusion  that  entries  of  importations  made  prior  to  April  1,  1891,  from  countries 
having  such  depreciated  currency  *  *  *  mav  he  adjusted  by  estimating  the 
value  of  the  currency  in  accordance  with  the  consular  certificate  which  may  be 
attached  to  the  invoice,  provided  that  such  value  shall  be  returned  as  correct  by  the 
appraiser. 

In  accordance  with  the  precedents  thus  established  the  Department  has  concluded 
to  direct  that  entries  of  wool  covered  by  invoices  certified  on  or  before  May  1,  1893- 
shall  be  subjected  to  classification  for  duty  in  accordance  with  the  rules  which  pre- 
vailed before  the  issuance  of  circular  No.  28,  and  when  it  is  found  that  under  these 
conditions  duties  have  been  paid  in  excess,  refund  will  be  made  of  such  excess. 
(140230 


292 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


New  York,  April  21, 1893. 

Sorted  third-class  wool. — We  find — 

(1)  That  Mr.  Carl  Grubnau  imported  into  the  port  of  New  York,  June  6,  1892,  a 
quantity  of  East  India  wool,  invoiced  as  64  bales  white  Joria,  at  8%d,  per  pound; 
23  bales  yellow  Khelat,  at  4^d.  per  pound,  and  7  bales  yellow  Joria,  i^d.  per  pound 
and  entered  the  same  at  the  above  values. 

The  appraiser  returned  all  of  said  wool  as  wool  of  the  third  class,  sorted,  and  the 
value  in  the  original  unsorted  condition  as  6d.  per  pound  for  the  white  Joria  and  id. 
per  pound  for  the  yellow  Khelat  and  6d.  per  pouud  for  the  yellow  Joria,  audits  value 
in  its  present  condition  as  specified  in  the  invoice,  and  no  appeal  for  a  reappraise- 
ment  was  taken. 

(2)  That  it  appears  by  the  invoice,  and  the  fact  is  not  questioned,  that  the  value 
of  the  white  wool  in  its  condition  as  imported  was  17  cents  per  pound  and  the  value 
of  the  yellow  9  and  9£  cents  per  pound,  respectively,  and  the  appraiser's  return  in 
pence  makes  the  value  per  pound  of  the  white  wool  in  its  original  unsorted  condi- 
tion to  have  been  12  cents  per  pound  and  the  yellow  Khelat  to  have  been  8  cents  per 
pound  and  the  yellow  Joria  at  12  cents  per  pound. 

(3)  The  collector  assessed  duty  upon  the  white  wool  at  the  rate  of  50  per  cent  ad 
valorem  under  paragraphs  378  and  386,  N.  T.,  upon  the  invoiced  value  of  17  cents 
'per  pound,  which  was  its  value  in  its  present  sorted  condition,  as  per  the  invoice 
and  entry  and  as  returned  by  the  appraiser,  and  duty  was  assessed  upon  the  yellow 
wool  at  64  per  cent  ad  valorem  upon  its  returned  unsorted  value  of  8  and  12  cents 
per  pound,  respectively,  under  paragraphs  378,  385,  and  383,  N.  T. 

(4)  It  is  substantially  admitted  by  the  importer,  and  we  find  upon  the  evidence, 
that  the  white  wool  has  been  sorted  and  increased  in  value  by  a  rejection  of  some 
portion  of  the  original  fleece,  and  that  the  white  wool  of  the  fleece  of  this  variety 
ordinarily  embraces  the  better  quality  as  to  length,  fineness,  and  elasticity  of  fiber. 
We  also  find  that  said  wool  had  been  washed,  and  that  the  duty  of  50  per  cent  upon 
ts  invoiced  value  would  not  amount  to  three  times  the  duty  upon  said  wool  if  it 
had  been  unwashed  and  unsorted.  We  also  find  that  the  duty  of  50  per  cent  ad 
valorem  upon  its  present  value  exceeds  64  per  cent  upon  its  unwashed  and  unsorted 
value. 

(5)  It  is  admitted  by  the  importer  that  the  yellow  wool  has  been  sorted  as  to  color* 
but  he  claims  that  it  has  not  been  increased  in  value  by  the  rejection  of  any  portion 
of  the  original  fleece,  and  therefore  not  sorted  within  the  meaning  of  paragraph  383, 
N.  T.  We  find  that  said  wool  has  been  washed  and  sorted  by  the  selection  or  sepa- 
ration of  the  yellow  wool  from  the  original  fleece,  which  contained  wool  of  several 
colors,  including  white,  said  other  portions  of  the  fleece  being  rejected  from  this 
assortment,  and  the  return  of  the  appraiser  as  aforesaid  upon  the  invoice  shows 
that  the  yellow  Joria  has  been  decreased  and  the  yellow  Khelat  has  been  increased 
in  value  by  such  separating  and  sorting. 

(6)  If  we  are  authorized,  upon  a  consideration  of  this  protest,  to  review  the 
return  of  the  value  of  the  wool  in  its  original  condition,  as  made  by  the  appraiser, 
by  excluding  his  return  or  appraisal,  or  accepting  it  as  his  advisory  opinion  only, 
then  upon  the  evidence  presented  to  the  board  we  find  that  said  yellow  wool  has  not 
been  increased  in  value  over  the  average  value  of  the  original  fleece,  which  included 
white  wool  from  which  the  yellow  was  separated,  and  we  also  find  the  value  of  the 
white  and  yellow  Joria  wool  in  its  original  condition  in  the  fleece  to  have  been  12 
cents  per  pound  and  of  the  yellow  Khelat  11^  cents  per  pound. 

(7)  We  find  that  said  yellow  wool  was  not  imported  in  its  ordinary  condition,  that 
is  to  say,  in  its  original  condition;  that  this  wool  does  not  contain  the  entire  fleece, 
but  is  wool  which  had  been  washed  upon  the  sheep's  back,  and  upon  which  labor 
has  been  expended  in  separating  the  same  from  other  portions  of  the  fleece.  We 
further  find  that  wool  of  this  kind,  color,  and  condition  has  been  customarily  im- 
ported for  many  years,  and  that  this  particular  wool  has  not  been  further  manipu- 
lated or  treated  than  has  been  the  practice  with  this  variety  of  wools  as  heretofore 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


293 


imported,  and  in  respect  to  such  condition  we  find  that  this  wool  is  in  the  ordinary 
condition  of  washed  third-class  wool  assorted  as  to  color,  not  changed  in  character 
or  condition  to  evade  duty,  nor  reduced  in  value  by  the  admixture  of  dirt  or  any 
foreign  substance;  that  it  has  been  the  customary  practice  for  many  years  to  import 
third-class  wool  washed  aud  assorted  as  to  colors. 

The  imj>orter  claims  "that  if  the  sixty-seven  bales  (white  wool)  are  correctly 
returned  as  sorted,  then  the  duty  should  be  assessed  at  64  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  the 
value  in  the  unsorted  condition  under  parapraph  383  of  the  act  of  October  1,  1890. " 
He  also  claims  "that  the  thirty  bales  (yellow  wool)  are  not  sorted  under  the  con- 
ditions provided  for  under  said  paragraph  383;"  that  "they  are  wools  in  the  same 
ordinary  condition  that  has  been  the  practice  for  years,  and  that  no  portions 
of  the  fleeces  have  been  rejected  to  increase  the  value  of  the  balance,"  and  claims 
"the  duty  at  32  per  cent  under  the  same  paragraph  as  wools  costing  under  13  cents 
per  pound,  and  desires  to  apply  to  our  (his)  benefit  the  rulings  made  by  the  Board  of 
General  Appraisers  upon  the  subject." 

We  first  consider  whether  the  assessment  of  duty  at  50  per  cent  ad  valorem  under 
paragraph  386,  N.  T.,  upon  the  white  wool  was  lawful. 

The  solution  of  this  question  involves  a  consideration  and  determination  of  the 
value  of  the  wool  in  its  present  as  well  as  its  original  condition.  If  no  regard  is  paid 
to  its  former  condition,  then  its  present  value  exceeding  13  cents  per  pound  would 
make  it  dutiable  as  third-class  wool  at  50  per  cent  ad  valorem.  But  this  wool  was 
sorted  within  the  meaning  of  paragraph  383,  N.  T.,  and  increased  in  value  by  the 
rejection  of  some  parts  of  the  original  fleece.  (See  G.  A.  797  affirmed,  50  Fed.  Rep., 
16,  and  since  affirmed  on  appeal.)  This  is  shown  by  the  report  of  the  appraiser, 
and  is  not  denied  by  the  importer.  That  the  white  wool  of  this  variety  embraces 
most  of  the  best  quality  on  the  fleece  there  seems  to  be  no  doubt.  The  board  has 
heretofore  held,  in  G.  A.  797,  that  paragraph  383  of  the  tariff  applied  to  wool  of  the 
third  class,  and  in  the  absence  of  the  contents  of  paragraph  383  the  proper  rate  of 
duty  upon  the  white  wool  would  unquestionably  be  50  per  cent  upon  its  present 
value  under  paragraph  386,  because  the  class  and  value  of  the  wool  as  imported  is 
exactly  covered  by  the  provisions  of  the  latter  paragraph.  It  appears,  also,  that 
this  white  wool  is  invoiced  and  entered  at  a  value  above  13  cents  per  pound.  If 
duty  is  assessed  upon  its  unwashed  and  unsorted  value,  such  value  per  pound  being 
less  than  its  invoice,  entered,  and  appraised  present  value,  the  sum  of  such  64  per 
cent  duty  would  be  less  than  the  50  per  cent  duty  upon  the  invoice  or  present  value, 
and  the  50  per  cent  duty  upon  the  present  value  would  not  exceed  three  times  the 
duty  on  its  original  unwashed  and  unsorted  value.  Such  an  assessment  of  64  per 
cent  duty  upon  the  unsorted  value  would  apparently  be  made  in  disregard  of  the 
final  paragraph  of  section  7  of  the  act  of  June  10,  1890,  which  provides  that  "the 
duty  shall  not  be  assessed  upon  an  amount  less  than  the  invoice  or  entered  value." 

The  act  of  October  1,  1890,  was  enacted  at  a  later  date  than  the  act  of  June  10,  and 
by  its  provisions  (section  55)  all  laws  and  parts  of  laws  inconsistent  with  this  act  are 
repealed.  If,  therefore,  the  duty  in  this  case  is  assessed  under  paragraph  383,  such 
duty  must  be  based  upon  the  value  of  the  wool  in  its  unsorted  condition  (Arthur  v. 
Pastor,  109  U.  S.,  139),  and  it  is  not  a  case  where  two  or  more  rates  of  duty  become 
applicable,  viz,  64  per  cent  upon  the  unsorted  value  or  50  per  cent  upon  its  present 
value,  because  its  unsorted  value  being  less  than  13  cents  fixes  its  dutiable  status 
under  paragraphs  383  and  385.  Paragraph  383  seems,  therefore,  to  be  one  instance 
where  it  is  specially  provided  that,  upon  certain  wool  like  this,  the  duty  must  be 
assessed  without  regard  to  the  final  paragraph  of  section  7  of  the  act  of  June  10, 
1890,  and  the  rate  specially  fixed  is  twice  the  duty  to  which  it  would  be  subject  in 
its  unsorted  condition,  to  wit,  64  per  cent  ad  valorem  (the  wool  in  its  unsorted  con- 
dition being  valued  at  less  than  13  cents  per  pound,  and  the  rate  for  such  wool  being 
32  per  cent  ad  valorem  under  paragraph  385). 

The  yellow  Khelat  wool  appears,  by  the  appraiser's  return,  to  have  been  increased 
in  value  by  the  assorting  to  which  it  has  been  subjected.    The  provisions  of  para- 


294 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OP  WOOL. 


graph  383  impose  twice  the  duty  to  which  wool  would  be  otherwise  subject  if  it  is 
sorted  or  increased  in  value  by  the  rejection  of  any  part  of  the  original  fleece.  The 
value  necessarily  ascertained  upon  which  to  assess  the  double  duty  is  the  value  of 
such  wool,  if  unsorted,  in  the  original  fleece.  All  such  values  must  needs  be  the 
market  value,  and  such  market  value  in  its  condition  packed  ready  for  shipment  at 
the  time  and  port  of  exportation.  (£ee  section  19,  act  of  June  10,  1890.)  It  is  argued, 
therefore,  that  the  duty  of  the  appraiser  in  the  premises  is  commensurate  with  the 
requirements  of  the  law,  and  that,  when  he  returned  this  wool  in  its  present  condi- 
tion as  valued  at  4%d.  per  pound,  as  per  invoice,  and  in  its  unsorted  condition  at  id. 
per  pound,  both  values,  unless  an  appeal  for  a  reappraisement  was  taken,  became 
conclusive  as  to  all  subsequent  procedure. 

Under  the  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  Arthur  v.  Pastor,  the  dutiable  value 
is  the  value  in  the  unsorted  condition,  and  by  section  2950,  Revised  Statutes,  not 
repealed  in  section  29  of  the  act  of  June  10,  1890,  the  certificate  of  an  appraiser  of 
the  dutiable  value  of  merchandise  is  an  appraisement  thereof.  'If  this  is  not  so, 
then  the  circuit  court  of  appeals,  instead  of  a  board  of  general  appraisers,  is  the 
final  tribunal  for  determining  the  value  of  wool  in  its  original  unsorted  condition, 
and  the  market  values  of  sorted  wool,  as  it  was  before  sorting,  will  not  be  determined 
by  appraisal,  but  by  the  trial  of  an  issue  at  law.  Therefore,  if  we  accept  the 
appraisal  as  conclusive  in  this  case,  the  yellow  Khelat  wool,  by  the  separation  and 
selection,  has  been  increased  in  value  and  must  be  held  as  " sorted  and  increased  in 
value  by  the  rejection  of  some  portion  of  the  original  fleece,"  and  so  becomes  subject 
to  twice  the  duty  on  its  value  in  its  original  unsorted  condition,  as  returned  by  the 
appraiser,  to  wit,  64  per  cent  on  id.  per  pound. 

Applying  the  same  reasoning  to  the  white  Joria  wool,  which  the  appraiser's  return 
shows  is  decreased  in  value  by  being  separated  and  selected  or  rejected  from  the 
original  fleece,  it  is  not  sorted  because,  as  held  by  the  board  in  G.  A.  797,  it  is  not 
increased  in  value,  and  is  not  subject  to  the  provisions  of  paragraph  383,  but  is 
dutiable  under  paragraph  385  at  the  single  duty  of  32  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  the 
invoiced  value. 

We  are  impressed  with  the  force  of  the  foregoing  argument,  but  as  opposed  to  it 
are  the  following  considerations: 

Questions  of  classification  and  rates  of  duty  are  for  the  collector  to  decide.  It  is 
therefore  exclusively  within  the  province  of  the  collector  to  determine  the  nature 
and  condition  of  the  merchandise  when  he  is  required  to  fix  the  rate  of  duty.  It  is 
in  this  case  the  business  of  the  collector  to  decide  whether  tbe  wool  is  sorted  or  in- 
creased in  value  by  the  rejection  of  any  portion  of  the  original  fleece.  If  he  finds 
in  the  affirmative,  it  then  becomes  necessary  for  him  to  ascertain  the  original  value 
of  the  wool,  and  the  finding  of  this  fact  requires  notice  to  be  taken,  first,  of  the 
evidence  of  its  present  value,  which  is  conclusively  fixed  by  the  appraiser ;  second, 
by  satisfactory  evidence  of  the  value  of  the  wool  in  its  original  condition,  to  be 
obtained  by  the  collector  from  any  proper  source.  If  he  decides  that  the  present 
value  of  the  wool  exceeds  its  original  value,  by  the  same  evidence  he  will  ordinarily 
ascertain  its  original  value,  and  upon  that  assess  the  double  duty.  This  last  propo- 
sition does  not  seem  to  have  been  specially  passed  upon  by  the  courts  in  any  adjudi- 
cated case  as  reported,  but  as  the  ascertainment  of  the  former  value  is  necessarily 
involved  in  the  settlement  of  the  question  of  proper  classification,  it  seems  to  us 
that  the  law  commits  the  determination  of  all  the  foregoing  facts  to  the  collector, 
except  the  one  point  of  the  ascertainment  of  the  present  value  of  the  merchandise, 
which  is  exclusively  within  the  province  of  the  appraiser. 

We  feel  authorized,  therefore,  to  disregard  the  return  of  original  value  as  made 
by  the  appraiser,  and  to  act  upon  our  findings  based  upon  all  the  evidence  before 
the  board. 

We  therefore  sustain  the  claims  of  the  protest  that  the  white  wool  is  dutiable  at 
64  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  its  value  in  its  unsorted  condition,  as  stated  in  our  sixth 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


295 


finding,  to  wit,  12  cents  per  pound,  and  that  the  yellow  Joria  and  yellow  Khelat  wool 
is  dutiable  at  32  per  cent  ad  valorem  upon  its  invoice  and  entered  value,  being  its 
present  appraised  value.  The  protest  is  sustained  and  the  entry  should  be  reliqui- 
dated  accordingly.    (14054— G.  A.  2105.) 


New  York,  April  26,  1893. 

Velvet  ribbons. — We  find  that  the  goods  covered  by  this  protest  are  silk  velvet 
ribbons  of  usual  lengths  varying  in  width  from  about  one-half  of  1  inch  to  3  inches, 
and  containing,  exclusive  of  selvages,  less  than  75  per  cent  in  weight  of  silk. 

The  collector  assessed  duty  on  these  goods  at  $1.50  per  pound  and  15  per  cent,  ad 
valorem  under  paragraph  411  of  the  present  act.  The  appellant  claims  said  goods 
"do  not  belong  to  a  class  of  articles  commercially  known  as  pile  fabrics,  and  that 
they  are  dutiable  at  only  5  per  cent  ad  valorem  under  paragraph  414,  act  of  October 
1,  1890."  In  our  opinion  the  appellant's  claim  is  not  well  founded.  Paragraph  411 
provides  for  velvets  denominatively,  and  we  can  not  find  the  goods  in  question  are 
anything  more  than  velvet.  The  term  velvets  we  think  includes  all  descriptions  of 
velvet  in  the  piece,  and  does  not  apply  exclusively  to  any  one  of  the  several  classes 
of  goods  known  in  trade  by  the  descriptive  name  of  velvet  dress  goods,  " millinery 
velvet,"  or  "velvet  ribbons,"  etc.  At  any  rate,  the  merchandise  in  question  falls 
under  the  designation  of  pile  fabrics.  It  is  a  fabric  in  the  piece,  has  an  upright 
pile  with  a  smooth  surface,  and  belongs  to  a  class  of  goods  known  in  trade  as  pile 
fabrics.  In  accordance  with  these  views  and  on  our  findings,  we  overrule  this 
protest  and  affirm  the  collector's  decision.    (14061— €r.  A.  2112.) 


New  York,  April  26,  1893. 
Painters'  tapestry  or  upholsterers'  canvas. — The  merchandise  in  this  case 
is  known  as  painters'  tapestry  or  upholstery  canvas.  It  is  composed  of  wool  in  the 
weft  and  cotton  in  the  warp,  and  is  similar  to  the  goods  covered  by  G.  A.  1064.  The 
cotton  in  this  fabric  is  of  fine  quality  and  is  twisted  into  a  very  coarse  thread,  there 
being  about  15  of  these  threads  to  the  inch.  The  wool  filling  consists  of  fine  threads, 
about  60  to  the  inch.  The  finished  fabric  resembles  corded  or  rep  goods.  In  the 
decision  referred  to,  the  board  found  that  cotton  was  the  component  of  chief  value. 
In  the  present  case  we  reach  a  different  conclusion.  We  find  as  facts  from  an  analy- 
sis of  the  chemist  in  charge  of  the  United  States  laboratory  at  New  York  and  the 
testimony  of  competent  witnesses — 

(1)  That  the  quantity  of  wool  is  slightly  greater  than  cotton  in  said  merchandise. 

(2)  The  value  of  the  cotton  in  said  merchandise  is  about  32  cents  per  pound  and 
the  wool  42  cents  per  pound,  wool  being  the  component  of  chief  value  therein. 

On  these  findings,  we  overrule  the  claim  of  the  appellant  that  the  goods  in  ques- 
tion are  dutiable  as  cotton  cloth  or  as  manufactures  of  cotton,  and  affirm  the  col- 
lector's decision  in  assessing  duty  on  the  same  at  44  cents  per  pound  and  50  per  cent 
ad  valorem  under  paragraph  392,  N.  T.    (1J062— G.  A.  2113.) 


New  York,  May  3, 1893. 
Women's  and  children's  dress  goods. — The  merchandise  in  question  was  classi- 
fied by  the  collector  as  pile  fabrics  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  and  was 
assessed  with  duty  at  49^  cents  per  pound  and  60  per  cent  ad  valorem  under  para- 
graph 396,  N.  T.  The  appellants  claim  said  goods  are  woolen  dress  goods,  and  as 
such  dutiable  at  44  cents  per  pound  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem.  These  goods  are 
composed  of  cotton  in  the  weft,  and  cotton  and  wool,  and  silk,  cotton  and  wool  in 
the  warp.    The  woolen  warp  threads  are  woven  in  the  fabric  at  regular  distances 


296 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


apart  and  are  looped  and  cut,  forming  a  surface  pile,  the  finished  fabric  resembling- 
corduroy.    There  is  no  controversy  as  to  the  facts  in  this  case,  and  we  find — 

(1)  That  the  merchandise  is  commercially  known  as  women's  and  children's  dress 
goods  and  also  as  pile  fabrics. 

(2)  That  it  is  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool  and  weighs  over  4  ounces  to  the 
square  yard. 

Standing  alone,  the  terms  of  either  paragraphs  395  or  396  would  cover  these  goods, 
therefore,  as  two  rates  of  duty  are  applicable  thereto,  we  are  called  upon  to  decide 
under  which  of  the  two  paragraphs  named  they  should  be  classified.  In  our  opinion 
the  merchandise  is  more  specifically  provided  for  as  pile  fabrics  than  as  dress  goods. 
Paragraph  395  provides  for  many  kinds  of  textile  fabrics  composed  of  wool,  and  if 
not  otherwise  provided  for  imposes  duty  thereon,  when  weighing  over  4  ounces  to 
the  square  yard,  at  the  rate  named  for  manufactures  of  wool  not  specially  enumer- 
ated, whereas  paragrajjh  396  imposes  a  greater  rate  of  duty  for  articles  of  clothing 
and  wearing  apparel  and  two  particular  kinds  of  textile  fabrics,  namely,  felts  not 
woolen  and  pile  fabrics.  The  intent  of  Congress  to  exact  a  higher  rate  of  duty  on 
all  pile  fabrics  composed  of  wool  than  upon  the  other  wool  dress  goods,  is,  we  think, 
manifest,  and  for  the  purposes  of  this  case  the  tariff  may  be  construed  as  if  reading: 
All  women's  dress  goods  weighing  over  4  ounces  to  the  square  yard  composed  wholly 
or  in  part  of  wool  shall  pay  44  cents  per  pound  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  except 
pile  fabrics,  which  are  specially  provided  for  in  paragraph  396  and  subject  to  duty 
thereunder  at  49£  cents  per  pound  and  60  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

In  accordance  with  these  views,  we  overrule  the  protest  and  affirm  the  collector's 
decision.    (14068— 0.  A.  2119.) 


Treasury  Department,  June  28,  1893. 

Drawback  on  scoured  wool.— The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of 
the  20th  instant,  relative  to  the  application  of  Mr.  A.  Woodbury  for  an  allowance 
of  draw-back  under  the  provisions  of  section  25  of  the  act  of  October  1,  1890,  on 
wool  imported  in  the  grease  and  exported  scoured. 

The  question  presented  in  this  case  is  whether  or  not  scoured  wool  produced  from 
imported  raw  wool  may  properly  be  considered  as  an  u  article  manufactured  or  pro- 
duced in  the  United  States"  within  the  contemplation  of  said  law. 

Upon  a  consultation  with  the  Solicitor  of  the  Treasury  the  Department  concurs 
with  you  in  the  opinion  that  the  question  must  be  answered  in  the  negative,  and  the 
application  is  therefore  denied.  (14127.) 


New  York,  May  10,  1893. 

Embroidered  worsted  hat  crowns. — (1)  The  goods  in  question  consist  of  pieces 
of  wool  or  worsted  cloth,  designed  for  use  in  the  manufacture  of  ladies'  or  children's 
hats  and  known  in  trade  as  "hat  crowns." 

(2)  These  articles  are  ornamented  or  embroidered  with  glass  beads  and  metal 
threads,  but  have  undergone  no  further  process  of  manufacture  than  to  be  orna- 
mented with  suitable  designs  and  cut  into  sizes  for  use  as  hat  crowns. 

On  these  findings  we  hold  that  the  merchandise  is  not  wearing  apparel  wholly  or 
partly  manufactured.  Nor  is  it  subject  to  duty  as  wool  or  worsted  embroidery,  inas- 
much as  the  material  composing  the  embroidery  is  not  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of 
the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other  animal.  We  sustain  the  claim  of  the  appellants 
that  said  merchandise  is  dutiable  at  44  cents  per  pound  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem 
under  paragraph  392,  N.  T. 

The  collector's  decision  is  reversed.    (14130— 4*.  A. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


297 


New  York,  May  16,  1S93. 

Gloria  cloth,  bordered. — We  find  that — 

(1)  The  merchandise  in  this  case  is  commercially  known  as  "  gloria  cloth,"  and 
that  it  is  composed  of  wool  or  worsted  in  the  weft  and  cotton  in  the  warp. 

(2)  Said  goods  have  a  bordered  edge,  and  are  used  in  the  manufacture  of  umbrellas 
and  in  making  women's  and  children's  dresses. 

(3)  Said  merchandise  is  women's  and  children's  dress  goods,  or  goods  of  similar 
character  and  deBcription. 

In  G.  A.  1044  (affirmed  by  the  circuit  court  for  the  southern  district  of  New  York) 
the  board  decided  that  gloria  cloth  without  borders  was  dutiable  under  paragraph 
394  or  395.  We  now  hold  that  cotton-warp  gloria  cloth  with  borders  is  dutiable 
under  the  appropriate  provisions  of  paragraph  394,  N.  T. 

The  protest  is  sustained  and  the  collector's  decision  is  reversed.  (14,138 — O.  A. 
2137.) 


New  York,  May  16,  1893. 

Silk  and  wool  braid,  silk  chief  value. — The  goods  in  question  are  fancy 
braids  composed  of  silk,  wool,  felt  not  woven,  and  cotton,  and  from  an  analysis  we 
find  further  that  silk  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value  therein.  The  collector 
does  not  contend  that  silk  is  not  the  component  material  of  chief  value  in  these 
goods,  but  says  that  inasmuch  as  they  are  manufactures  of  which  wool  or  hair  of 
the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other  like  animal,  is  component  material,  he  assessed 
duty  therein  at  49|  cents  per  pound  and  60  per  cent  ad  valorem  under  paragraph 
396,  in  accordance  with  the  proviso  to  paragraph  414,  N.  T. 

In  our  opinion  the  collector  erred  in  classifying  the  goods  as  he  did;  merchandise 
that  is  covered  by  the  proviso  to  paragraph  414  would  seem  to  be  dutiable  at  44 
cents  per  pound  and  50  per  cent  ad  valorem  under  paragraph  392  as  manufactures  of 
wool.  We  do  not  think  that  this  proviso  relates  to  any  manufactures  of  silk  other 
than  such  as  would  be  dutiable  under  paragraph  414,  if  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of 
the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other  like  animal,  were  not  a  component  material 
thereof.  The  goods  in  question  are  not  of  such  a  character;  they  are  braids  made 
of  silk,  or  of  which  silk  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value,  and  are  specifically 
provided  for  under  paragraph  412,  as  claimed  by  the  appellants. 

The  protests  are  sustained  and  the  collector's  decision  is  reversed.  (14139 — 
O.  A.  2138.) 


New  York,  June  7,  .1893. 
Embroideries,  wool— Made-up  embroidered  articles  not.— "Textile  fab- 
rics,"  as  used  in  the  tariff,  applies  only  to  piece  goods.  embroidered 

"DJIDJIM8"  .OR  PORTIERES,  WOOL  CHIEF  VALUE. — We  find — 

(1)  That  Mr.  M.  B.  Mihran  imported  into  the  port  of  San  Francisco  October  17, 
1892,  certain  portieres  upon  which  duty  was  assessed  at  60  cents  per  pound  and  60 
per  cent  ad  valorem  under  paragraph  393  and  the  proviso  of  paragraph  373,  N.  T. 

(2)  That  the  portieres  in  question  are  known  as  "  Djidjims,"  and  are  composed 
of  five  selvaged  strips  of  coarse  cotton  and  wool  cloth,  about  12  inches  wide,  of 
different  colors,  sewed  together  and  fringed  at  both  ends.  The  portiere  is  rudely 
embroidered  by  hand  with  wool  or  worsted  along  the  edge  and  seams  and  also  in 
regular  figures  or  designs  repeated  on  each  strip. 

(3)  Wool,  worsted,  or  the  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other  like  animal  is 
the  component  material  of  chief  value  of  the  foundation  cloth  and  embroidery,  and 
all  of  the  embroidery  on  the  strips  may  have  been  complete  before  they  were  sewed 
together. 

The  importer  claims  said  merchandise  to  be  dutiable  under  paragraph  392,  N.  T., 
as  a  manufacture  of  wool  or  worsted  not  specially  provided  for. 


298 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OP  WOOL. 


To  decide  this  case  we  must  construe  the  meaning  of  the  word  embroideries  as  used 
in  paragraph  398,  and  the  words  textile  fabrics  in  the  proviso  of  paragraph  373.  It 
has  been  claimed  that  the  word  "  embroideries,"  in  paragraph  398,  is  commercially 
limited  to  such  embroidered  material  as  is  adapted  to  be  made  up  into  articles. 
This  is  apparent  from  the  use  of  the  word  in  paragraph  373,  where  articles  embroid- 
ered by  hand  or  machinery  are  mentioned  and  apparently  distinguished  from 
embroideries  enumerated  in  the  first  line  with  laces,  edgings,  insertings,  etc. 

Aside  from  articles  of  wearing  apparel  and  textile  fabrics,  we  do  not  find  in  either 
paragraph  any  embroidered  articles  composed  of  wool  or  worsted  specifically  pro- 
vided for  unless  they  are  to  be  considered  as  covered  by  the  provision  for  textile 
abrics  in  the  proviso  of  paragraph  373. 

The  U.  S.  circuit  court  of  appeals  at  New  York  has  held  in  substance  that  articles 
made  from  textile  fabrics  are  not  textile  fabrics,  but  that  the  latter  term  applies  to 
piece  goods. 

It  would  therefore  seem  that  the  portieres  in  question  are  not  elsewhere  specially 
provided  for  and  are  dutiable  as  claimed. 
The  protest  is  sustained.    (14109— <*.  A.  2168.) 


Treasury  Department,  July  3,  1893. 
No  drawback  on  carbonized  wool. — The  Department  duly  received  your  letter 
of  the  20th  ultimo,  relative  to  the  application  of  Mr.  F.  Hartley  for  an  allowance  of 
drawback  under  the  provisions  of  section  25  of  the  act  of  October  1,  1890,  on  wool 
imported  unwashed  and  exported  after  having  been  "put  through  a  process  of  car- 
bonizing." 

From  the  statement  of  the  applicant  it  appears  that  said  process  of  carbonizing 
results  merely  in  the  removal  of  vegetable  matter  from  the  imported  wool. 

The  Department  therefore  concurs  with  you  in  the  opinion  that  the  wool  so  car- 
bonized is  not  entitled  on  exportation  to  drawback  under  the  provisions  of  the  law 
referred  to. 

The  application  is  therefore  denied.    (14 183.) 


New  York,  July  13,  1893. 

Third-class  wool. — The  protests  relate  to  wool  of  the  third  class  imported  since 
October  5,  1890,  at  New  York  and  Philadelphia,  at  the  dates  and  by  the  parties 
specified  in  the  schedule  annexed. 

The  varieties  of  wool  specially  passed  upon,  the  dates  of  importation,  and  the 
invoiced  prices  are  substantially  as  follows:  White  Joria,  April,  1891,  Sid.  to  %d. ; 
white  Joria,  April,  1891,  10id.  to  10fd. ;  white  Vicanere,  April,  1891,  lid.,  8  to  8%d. ; 
white  Jesselmere,  April,  1891,  lid.  to  l^d. ;  white  Kandahar,  September,  1891,  and 
December,  1892,  7f d.  to  9d. ;  white  East  India,  September,  1892,  3d.  to  5^cZ. ;  yellow 
Vicanere,  December,  1892,  5fd.  to  Sid. ;  yellow  Packpathen,  July  and  December, 
1892,  5fd.  to  Sid. ;  yellow  Kandahar,  December,  1892,  5fd. ;  yellow  Khelat,  July 
and  August,  1892,  id.  to  5d. ;  yellow  Khorassen,  August,  1892,  4£d. ;  yellow  Mahr- 
war,  August,  1892,  4Jd. ;  gray  Kandahar,  April,  1891,  5J-  to  5£dL ;  gray  Kandahar, 
August,  1891,  4d.  to  5d. ;  gray  Kurachee,  October,  1891,  3J  to  3f d. ;  together  with 
wools  invoiced  as  common  white,  gray,  or  yellow  East  India  at  various  prices  from 
id.  to  6d.  per  pound. 

The  wools  which  range  in  invoiced  value  above  13  cents  per  pound  were  assessed 
for  duty,  at  dilferent  periods,  either  at  100  per  cent  on  the  invoiced  value  as  sorted 
wool  or  at  50  per  cent  on  the  invoiced  value  as  sorted  wool  when  50  per  cent  was 
higher  than  64  per  cent  upon  the  unsorted  value,  and  the  wools  of  an  invoiced  value 
under  13  cents  were  assessed  for  duty  at  64  per  cent  on  the  invoiced  value,  or  at  the 
eame  rate  upon  the  returned  unsorted  value. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


299 


The  several  importers  claim  variously  that  their  wool  is  not  subject  to  double 
duty  by  virtue  of  paragraph  383,  N.  T.,  or  that  in  the  higher  priced  wools  duty 
should  be  assessed  at  64  per  cent  upon  the  unsorted  value,  together  with  sundry 
claims  such  as  are  set  forth  in  G.  A.  797  and  2105,  such  as  that  the  wool  is  not  sorted 
or  increased  in  value  by  the  rejection  of  any  portion  of  the  original  fleece,  etc.  We 
have  taken  occasion  to  make  a  very  minute  investigation  in  these  cases,  because  of 
conflicting  testimony  in  other  cases  and  the  difficulty  which  has  occurred  in  secur- 
ing uniformity  in  the  classification  and  assessment  of  duty  upon  third-ciass  wools 
imported  in  a  condition  other  than  in  whole  fleeces  in  the  grease  or  unwashed.  A 
eareful  ascertainment  by  local  appraisers  and  collectors  of  the  unwashed  value  of 
the  original  fleeces  has  been  omitted  in  many  of  the  cases  here  passed  upon,  as  indi- 
cated by  the  absence  of  any  reports  thereon.  The  importance  of  this  step  is  mani- 
fest when  we  consider  that  it  is  an  essential  factor  in  determining  the  question 
whether  the  duty  must  be  doubled  upon  the  unsorted  value  of  the  wool  which  is 
shown  to  be  sorted,  or  increased  in  value  by  the  rejection  of  any  portion  of  the  orig- 
inal fleece.  For  instance,  if  the  invoiced  value  of  sorted  third-class  wool  is  Sld.y 
in  the  absence  of  paragraph  383  the  duty  would  be  50  per  cent  ad  valorem.  In  par- 
agraph 383  it  is  provided  that  wools  on  which  a  duty  is  assessed  amounting  to  three 
times  or  more  than  that  which  would  be  assessed  if  said  wool  was  imported 
unwashed,  such  duty  shall  not  be  doubled  on  account  of  its  being  sorted.  These 
so-called  sorted  East  Indian  wools  are  sometimes  washed  more  or  less  thoroughly  on 
the  sheep's  back,  and  sometimes  washed  or  scoured  after  sorting,  but  they  are  also 
very  generally  subjected  to  a  picking-over,  called  garbling,  by  which  the  coarse  dirt 
and  extraueous  matter  are  removed  more  thoroughly  than  by  any  washing  to  which 
they  might  be  subjected  before  shearing.  If  the  shrinkage  in  weight,  which  would 
be  due  to  any  washing  on  the  sheep's  back  or  to  scouring  after  sorting,  together 
with  the  removal  of  the  quantity  of  dirt  or  sand  by  handling,  is  fully  taken  into 
account,  it  will  be  found  that  the  difference  between  the  original  average  value  of 
the  unwashed  fleece  from  which  the  Sid.  wool  is  obtained  and  the  present  value  is 
very  considerable.  While  the  original  value  can  not  be  obtained  with  absolute 
accuracy,  yet  experts  in  the  business  are  able  to  approximate  values  so  closely  that  for 
practical  purposes  the  estimates  of  numbers  will  substantially  agree.  Taking  into 
account  its  present  clean  condition,  we  have  found  upon  evidence  that  the  original 
unwashed  value  of  this  Sid.  wool  in  the  fleece  was  approximately  id.  The  duty 
upon  such  unwashed  wool  valued  at  id.,  at  32  per  cent  ad  valorem,  amounts  to 
0.0256  cent  per  pound,  while  the  duty  upon  the  sorted  invoice  value  of  8^d.,  at  50 
per  cent  ad  valorem,  amounts  to  0.085,  which  is  more  than  three  times  the  duty  upon 
the  unwashed  value,  and  therefore  the  duty  upon  this  wool  is  not  to  be  doubled. 

Applying  the  principles  for  the  construction  and  application  of  paragraph  383  as 
we  now  understand  them  to  be,  we  find  that  the  lowest  valued  wools  covered  by 
these  protests  are  not  increased  in  value  by  the  rejection  of  any  portion  of  the  orig- 
inal fleece,  and,  as  to  the  higher  price  wools,  that  the  duty  based  upon  their  invoiced 
value  exceeds  thrice  what  would  be  the  duty  upon  said  wool  if  unwashed  and  in  the 
original  fleece.  The  ascertainment  of  values  is  of  the  first  importance,  and  when 
these  values  are  correctly  ascertained  the  cases  will  be  comparatively  rare  where, 
upon  East  Indian  wools  of  the  varieties  above  mentioned,  it  will  be  necessary  to 
impose  rates  of  duty  other  than  32  per  cent  or  50  per  cent  upon  the  present  appraised 
value.  We  are  led  to  believe,  from  information  obtained  at  a  recent  date,  that  much 
of  the  yellow  and  gray  wools  imported  are  found  in  entire  fleeces;  that  the  gray  and 
yellow  wools  found  in  the  same  fleeces  with  white  wool  constitute  but  a  small  per- 
centage of  the  entire  fleece,  and  that  the  value  of  the  finer  portions  of  a  fleece,  when 
in  the  original  unwashed  condition,  does  not  exceed  much,  if  any,  the  value  of  the 
coarser  wool  in  the  some  fleece,  because  it  is  said  that  the  finer  wool  usually  carries 
a  very  large  percentage  of  dirt  and  foreign  matter,  and  is  therefore  subject  to  a 
greater  percentage  of  shrinkage  than  the  coarser  portions.    The  fact  that  an  invoice 


300 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


contains  gray  or  yellow  wool  does  not  necessarily  indicate  that  such  colors  have 
been  separated  from  white  wools  of  a  fleece,  because  entire  fleeces  of  these  colors  are 
found  and  graded  in  colors,  but  this  does  not  change  the  fact  that  fleeces  coutaining 
white,  yellow,  and  gray  are  broken  up  and  portions  of  the  same  increased  in  value 
by  sorting,  or  the  rejection  of  parts  of  the  fleece  in  making  the  assortment. 

We  find  that  the  wools  covered  by  these  protests  are  not  subject  to  any  of  the 
conditions  contained  in  paragraph  383,  N.  T.,  whereby  the  duty  should  be  doubled, 
and  the  protests  are  sustained  to  the  extent  of  the  claims  that  said  wools  are  subject 
to  single  duty  of  32  or  50  per  cent  ad  valorem,  accordingly  as  the  invoiced  value 
shows  that  the  same  are  subject  to  said  rates  as  we  have  specified  in  the  schedule. 
All  other  claims  in  the  protests  in  conflict  with  these  conclusions  are  overruled. 
(14243— O.  A.  2207.) 


Treasury  Department,  July  18,  1893. 
Wool  samples. — Department's  circular  of  February  21,  1893  (No.  28),  is  hereby 
amended  as  follows : 

Omit  from  class  1,  on  page  2 — 

149.  Flamantine-skin  wool. 

150.  Flamantine-skin  wool. 

179.  Kassapbatchia-skin  wool,  second  quality. 
Add  to  class  3,  on  page  3 — 

396.  Servian-skin  wool. 

397.  Servian-skin  wool. 

398.  Kassapbatchiai-skin  wool,  second  quality. 
Omit  altogether  from  cabinet — 

145.  Turkey  improved,  fleece  unwashed.    (141 970 


New  York,  July  18,  189S. 

Ice-wool  squares. — The  local  appraiser  at;  Chicago  reports  that  the  merchan- 
dise in  question  "  consists  of  ice-wool  squares  and  ice-wool  fascinators,  used  as  cov- 
erings for  the  head  and  neck  and  incidentally  for  the  shoulders." 

The  goods  were  classified  and  assessed  for  duty  by  the  collector  under  paragraph 
396  of  the  new  tariff  act  as  articles  of  wearing  apparel  made  of  wool  or  worsted. 

It  is  claimed  by  the  importers  that  the  goods  are  dutiable  under  paragraph  392, 
which  imposes  certain  specified  rates  of  duty  on  "  woolen  or  worsted  cloths,  shawls, 
knit  fabrics,  and  all  fabrics  made  on  knitting  machines  or  frames,  and  all  manufac- 
tures of  every  description  made  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the 
camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other  animals  not  specially  provided  for  in  this  act." 

We  find  as  facts,  from  the  testimony  taken  in  the  case,,  as  follows: 

(1)  The  articles  (except  the  so-called  fascinators)  are  known  commercially  as  "ice- 
wool  shawls,"  and  are  made  of  Angora  wool,  possibly  with  an  admixture  of  an  insig- 
nificant quantity  of  vegetable  fiber,  being  manufactured  on  knitting  machines  or 
frames. 

(2)  They  are  articles  of  wearing  apparel  and  are  worn  both  on  the  head  and  on 
the  shoulders,  but  chiefly  on  the  shoulders. 

We  find  as  matter  of  law  that  the  merchandise  is  provided  for  eo  nomine  in  para- 
graph 392,  "  shawls  *  .  *  *  made  of  wool  (or)  worsted,"  and  that  this  special 
enumeration  takes  them  out  of  the  more  generic  description  of  woolen  wearing 
apparel  in  paragraph  396.  The  decision  of  the  U.  S.  Supreme  Court  in  the  case 
of  Arnold,  Constable  &  Co.,  v.  The  United  States,  13  Sup.  Ct.  Rep.,  406  (affirming 
the  same  case  in  46  Fed.  Rep.,  510),  presented  a  question  entirely  different  from  the 
one  raised  by  the  present  protests. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


301 


The  examiner  of  woolen  aod  worsted  goods  at  the  port  of  New  York,  who  testifies 
as  a  witness  before  the  board,  discloses  the  fact  that  the  articles  under  consideration 
are  uniformly  assessed  for  duty  at  this  port  as  worsted  "  shawls,"  under  paragraph 
392,  as  claimed  by  the  protestants. 

The  protests  covering  these  goods  are  accordingly  sustained  in  each  of  the  cases, 
and  the  collector's  decision  is  reversed,  with  instructions  to  reliquidate  the  entries. 
The  protests  claiming  the  so-called  fascinators  to  be  shawls  are  formally  abandoned, 
and  the  collector's  decision  classifying  th«se  articles  as  wearing  apparel  is  affirmed. 
(14251-G.  A.  2215.) 


New  York,  July  27,  1893. 
Woolen  robes  ok  dress  patterns. —The  merchandise  covered  by  this  protest  is 
embroidered  and  plain  robe  patterns  composed  of  wool  and  commercially  known  as 
women's  and  children's  dress  goods.  This  merchandise  is  identical  with  that  cov- 
ered by  G.  A.  888.  We  find  the  facts  to  be  substantially  the  same  as  set  forth  in 
said  decision.  Had  the  appellants  claimed  that  no  part  of  said  goods  were  dutiable 
at  the  rate  applicable  to  worsted  embroidery  we  would  have  sustained  the  protest 
(provided  the  material  composing  the  embroidery  was  silk)  in  accordance  with  the 
decision  of  the  circuit  court  of  appeals  for  the  second  circuit  In  re  Schefer,  Schramm 
&  Vogel.  The  appellants  having  claimed  redress  only  as  to  a  part  of  the  merchan- 
dise, in  accordance  with  the  principle  enunciated  in  G.  A.  888,  affirmed  by  the  circuit 
court  of  appeals  for  the  second  circuit,  we  su&tain  the  protest  and  reverse  the  col- 
lector's decision. 

The  protest  as  to  the  constitutionality  of  the  act  of  October  1,  1890,  is  overruled. 
(14302— O.  A.  2231.) 


Treasury  Department,  August  3,  1893. 

Sorted  wools. — Eeferring  to  so  much  of  your  letter  of  the  5th  ultimo  as  relates 
to  the  difficulty  of  ascertaining  the  dutiable  value  of  sorted  wools,  which  may  be 
liable,  under  the  principles  enunciated  in  the  decision  of  the  United  States  circuit 
court  of  appeals  (Synopsis  13940),  to  a  double  duty  on  the  value  in  their  unsorted 
condition,  I  inclose  herewith  a  copy  of  a  recent  decision  of  the  Board  of  United 
States  General  Appraisers  (G.  A.  2207),  wherein  it  is  stated  that,  "  while  the  original 
value  can  not  be  obtained  with  absolute  accuracy,  yet  experts  in  the  business  are 
able  to  approximate  the  values  so  closely  that  for  practical  purposes  the  estimates 
of  numbers  will  substantially  agree." 

As  to  the  scope  of  the  said  decision  of  the  court  and  the  Department's  instructions 
of  the  3d  and  30th  of  June  last,  you  are  informed  that  said  decision  and  instructions 
*ire  applicable  to  all  sorted  wools,  irrespective  of  invoice  value,  and  that  it  is  there- 
fore the  duty  of  the  collector  to  ascertain  in  all  cases  of  sorted  wools  the  original 
7alue  in  their  unsorted  condition.  (14266.) 


New  York,  September  21,  1893. 
Scotch  Hasloch  wool,  washed  but  unsorted.— We  find  that  the  H.  B.  Claflin 
Company  imported  into  the  port  of  New  York  May  10,  1893,  certain  Scotch  Hasloch 
wool,  which  the  appraiser  returned  as  third-class  wool  washed  and  sorted,  its  present 
value  15£  cents  per  pound,  its  washed  and  unsorted  value  14  cents  per  pound,  and 
unwashed  and  unsorted  value  11  cents  per  pound.  Upon  evidence  taken  on  protest 
No.  19085  and  in  other  cases  concerning  wool  of  this  identical  kind  and  in  like  con- 
dition, we  find  that  this  is  wool  of  the  third  class  washed  and  unsorted.    The  col- 


302 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


lector  assessed  double  duty,  amounting  to  100  per  cent,  upon  its  returned  washed 
and  un  sorted  value.  The  importer  claims  it  is  not  washed  and  sorted,  and  there- 
fore not  subject  to  the  double  duty.  If  we  had  found  the  wool  to  be  sorted  the 
decision  of  the  collector  would  have  been  affirmed,  but  upon  the  facts  found  the 
protest  must  be  sustained.    (14453— O.  A. 


Treasury  Department,  September  23,  1898. 

Drawback  on  Wilton  rugs. — On  the  exportation  of  Wilton  rugs  manufactured 
by  Harrison  Townsend,  of  Norristown,  Pa.,  in  part  from  worsted  yarns,  manufac- 
tured by  James  Lees  &  Son.,  of  Bridgeport,  Pa.,  from  imported  unwashed  Persian 
wool,  a  drawback  will  be  allowed  equal  in  amount  to  the  duties  paid  on  the  im- 
ported wool,  less  the  legal  deduction  of  1  per  cent. 

The  quantity  of  yarn  used  in  the  manufacture  shall  be  determined  by  allowing 
72^  pounds  of  such  yarn  for  every  100  pounds  of  the  net  weight  of  the  exported 
rugs,  as  ascertained  by  the  United  States  weigher,  and  the  quantity  of  the  wool 
entering  into  the  manufacture  of  such  yarn  and  entitled  to  drawback  shall  be  deter- 
mined by  allowing  for  each  100  pounds  of  the  yarn  300  pounds  of  the  wool,  less  as 
many  pounds  thereof  as  are  equal  in  value  to  50  pounds  of  noils  and  waste,  accord- 
ing to  the  values  of  wool,  noils,  and  waste,  which  shall  be  stated  in  the  requisite 
certificate  of  the  manufacturer  of  the  yarn,  subject  to  verification  by  the  collector. 

Whenever  ordered  by  the  collector,  samples  of  the  rugs  entered  for  export  will 
be  taken  by  the  inspecting  officer  and  submitted  to  the  appraiser  for  verification  of 
the  percentage  of  yarn  contained  therein.  (14366.) 


Treasury  Department,  November  22,  1893. 

Drawback  on  wool. — On  the  exportation  of  Brussels  and  Wilton  carpets  and 
Assyrian  rugs  manufactured  by  M.  J.  Whittall,  of  Worcester,  Mass.,  in  part  from 
worsted  yarn  made  from  imported  unwashed  Scotch,  Syrian,  and  Persian  wools  in 
equal  quantities,  a  drawback  will  be  allowed  equal  in  amount  to  the  duties  paid  on 
the  wools  used  in  the  manufacture,  less  the  legal  deduction  of  1  per  cent. 

The  total  quantity  of  the  wools  so  used  shall  be  determined  as  follows :  Allow  for 
each  running  yard,  27  inches  wide,  of  the  carpets  designated  as  Victoria  Wilton, 
6.498  pounds ;  Victoria  Brussels,  4.223  pounds :  Whittall  Brussels,  4.061  pounds,  Edg- 
worth  Brussels,  2.931  pounds,  and  for  each  Assyrian  rug,  54  inches  long  and  27  inches 
wide,  12.635  pounds;  provided  that  the  quantity  of  worsted  yarn  contained  in  each 
running  yard  of  the  carpets  shall  not  be  less  than  1.797  pounds  in  the  Victoria  Wil- 
ton, 1.172  pounds  in  the  Victoria  Brussels,  1.125  pounds  in  the  Whittall  Brussels,  and 
0.812  pound  in  the  Edgworth  Brussels,  nor  less  than  3-J-  pounds  in  each  Assyrian  rug. 

Whenever  ordered  by  the  collector  samples  of  the  carpets  and  rugs  entered  for 
export  shall  be  taken  by  the  inspecting  officer  and  submitted  to  the  appraiser  for 
verification  of  the  quantities  of  worsted  yarn  contained  therein.    (144 §8.) 


IMPORTS 

OF 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES 

INTO  THE 

UNITED  STATES. 


I.  1821  1866. 
II.  1867-1883. 
III.  1884-1893. 


303 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


I 

|  g  s  s  5-  §  1  a  a  -  »  s  s"  a 

7,  779 

28 

15,  275 

1 

1 

o 

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364,  596 
56, 235 
57, 316 
d 183, 172 
d  234,  524 
d  401,  852 
d  70,  677 
d  104, 977 
45,  461 
71,  455 
254,  914 
158,  615 
67, 844 

28, 852 
309 
44, 878 

+3 
(-1 

Dollars. 
91 
4,  961 
%  461 

512 
201 

677 

345 
2,  019 
5 

9,197 
51,  717 
40,  764 

4,  370 
20,  331 
25,  847 
13,  301 

« 1 1 1  isS  i l  i  ill00 

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124,  914 
681,  279 
527,  279 
64,  938 
297,  873 
400,  353 
194,  414 

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472 
13, 383 
4,101 
678 

12,499 
3,858 
8, 298 
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27, 492 
38,  407 

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:  : 

2,  887 
85,  754 
22,  637 

6, 575 

d  113,  027 
d  27,  557 
d  59,  264 
129,  275 
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230, 914 

1  i 

5, 552 
32,  738 
4, 720 

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46, 171 
130,  503 
36,  012 

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204, 893 
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55,  701 

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493, 312 
343, 941 



39,  020 

324,  204 

10, 558 

46,  649 
1, 796 
42, 045 

11,  882 
15,  789 

8,584 
19,  817 

7.  038 
238 
13, 423 
53,  889 

38,  885 
6,  380 
1,610 

44, 784 

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1,  023,  439 

2,  988, 889 
1,511,347 

91,  754 

1,  923, 495 

66,  765 

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20, 456 
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345 
18,  693 
8, 151 

3, 423 
5,  511 

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7, 527 

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1,  284 
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1,422 
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111,  981 

41, 574 
43, 303 

423, 552 
44,  236 
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112,  610 

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12, 494 
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306 


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445.  432 
165,  656 
384,  634 
329,  397 
287, 164 
141,  699 

43,  542 
235,  706 
272,  840 
425, 148 

FROM  NORT1 

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i                                                                                                                          *     A  * 

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Dollars. 

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:  $ 

12,  681 
514 
665 
330 

81, 145 
913 

13*5 

629 
c  22, 194 
c  1,359 
c5,  256 

36 

ii 

3  1 

 ! 

1, 158  | 

145,  075 
8,  569 
12,  389 
7, 180 
440,  voZ 
15, 348 

1,  860 
6  1,  200 
b  1,  912 

Uruguay. 

;8 

11,  631 

75,  201 
4,  563 

:  % 
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:  *  3  -  S  rn7  Sf  sf  S  Sf     8  |  j 

197,  0D1 
2,  567 
321,046 

Pounds. 
11, 184 

305,  803 
1,272,469 
43,  066 

jS 

71,  789 
347,  825 
53,  737 
137, 554 
101,  007 
b  209,  260 
b  284,  450 
b  296,  715 
b  243,  640 
14,  061 
476,  815 
3,  490,  800 

1,164,  260 
6.  582 
2,  224,  629 

Chile. 

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ii 

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ii 

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ii 

ii 

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1865  

1865  e  

1866  

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


202,  579 
.    2, 755 
256,  436 

3,  278 
18,  981 

3,996 
47, 533 

rH    rH    rH    rH"   rH    <N  Co" 

1,641,064 
b  15,  306 
2,276,473 

29,  985 
195,  041 

43, 667 
315,  617 

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189 
.  279 
425 
7 

87,  911 
64/413 
36,  606 
13,  053 
31 

25,418 
209 
1,562 
306 
73,  636 
514 
5 
47  ; 
575 
13,  711 
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679 
2,  656 
9,  632 
321 
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34 
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3 
72 
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236, 777 
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88,  243 

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316 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


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WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


317 


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WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


319 


NET  IMPORTS  OF  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL, 

Values  of  Manufactures  of  Wool  Imported  into  the  United  States  from  the 
Principal  and  all  other  Foreign  Countries;  the  Total  Values  of  Foreign 
Manufactures  of  Wool  Exported,  and  of  the  Net  Imports,  1821  to  1889. 


FROM  EUROPE. 


Year  ending' — 

Great  Brit- 
ain and 
Ireland. 

France. 

Germany. 

Nether- 
lands . 

Sept.  30 — 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

18*>  1   

6,  950,  403 

89,  335 

81,061 

57,  315 

1822   

11,  384,  003 

204, 418 

43, 006 

82,  991 

1823  

7,711,311 

90,  250 

63,313 

50,712 

1824 

7,  778,  873 

126,  303 

117,  730 

74,  627 

18^5   

11,335,884 

341,  448 

153, 522 

97,  860 

1826   

7,  780, 272 

464,  817 

230, 137 

95, 074 

1827  

8, 146,  332 

499, 102 

88, 623 

42, 115 

18^8   

8,  025,  677 

592,  014 

107, 157 

49,  976 

1829  

6,  380,  844 

608,  018 

125,  356 

61,  637 

1830  

5,  218,  283 

522,  511 

97,  307 

49, 185 

1831  

11,  656,  322 

1,  214,  628 

249, 086 

44,  889 

1832  

9, 434, 176 

790,  484 

140, 965 

25,  745 

1833  

12,  241,  725 

1, 148, 113 

179,  789 

76,  517 

1834  

6,  946,  935 

336,  864 

82,  515 

18,  781 

1835  

16,  667,  993 

1,  996,  782 

318,  542 

106,  067 

1836  

20,  295,  069 

3, 541,  592 

590, 897 

87,  564 

1837  

7,  668, 569 

2,  251,  331 

372,  292 

30, 974 

1838  

10, 191,732 

2,412, 363 

417, 856 

24, 133 

1839  

15,  400,  624 

4,  428, 108 

k     969, 014 

30,  539 

1840  

7,  851,  329 

2,  533,  227 

298, 082 

11,870 

1841  

9,  250,  231 

3,  357,  091 

148, 924 

3,828 

1842  

6, 436, 478 

2,  836,  687 

198,596 

1,180 

June  30  

1943  a  

1,  993,  076 

842,  594 

39, 197 

903 

1844 

7, 861,  601 

3, 228  040 

184,  064 

9,  896 

1845 

8, 318  614 

A   AQR  Q7Q 

*± ,  rtU\J)  O  i  O 

5  804 

1846 

6, 498,  713 

5  436  553 

4fifi  818 

2fi  969 

1847 

7  9Q0  4.71 

^  9^7  10^ 

70Q  ROO 

8  210 

1848 

10  222, 459 

6  38fi  ^fi^ 

U,  OOU,  OUu 

22  132 

1849  

9, 755, 534 

4,  542,  066 

1, 494,  084 

24,  922 

1850  

12,  229,  042 

4,  666,  681 

1,  681,  676 

75,  249 

1851  

15,  511,351 

4,  374, 493 

1,  878,  806 

12,  336 

1852  

14,  303,  266 

4,  098,  866 

1,  698,  299 

16,  933 

1853  

22,  012,  887 

5,  648, 985 

3,  494,  723 

13,  033 

1854  

26, 127,  308 

5,  742, 374 

4,  996, 269 

21, 342 

1855  

17,  599,  507 

5,  336,  976 

3, 419,  626 

30,  717 

1856  

21,786,  266 

7,  913,  417 

4,  673, 920 

16,  011 

1857  

21,  631,  678 

7,  759,  592 

4,  535, 118 

36,  912 

1858  

17, 714, 424 

5,  750,  608 

4,  636, 212 

47,  201 

1859  

24, 549,  811 

5,  703,  378 

6,  275,  671 

23, 837 

1860  

29,  202,  264 

6,  237,  268 

6, 873,  562 

6, 128 

1861  

21, 244, 012 

3, 698, 126 

4,  747,  714 

12, 105 

Bel- 
gium. 


All 
other. 


Total. 


Dollars. 


29,  052 
19, 170 
22, 120 
85,  382 
59,  703 
26, 817 
87,  398 
93,  637 
141, 740 
205, 906 

66, 797 
356, 435 
279,  308 
311,323 
356,  775 
410,  874 
930, 975 
944,  759 
496,  609 
476, 445 

610,  745 

611,  668 
774, 950 
694,  080 

1, 029, 480 
1, 151, 037 
435, 141 
328, 297 
321, 121 


Dollars. 
313 
23, 210 

1,  548 
867 

14, 785 
20,  341 
1,940 

7,  932 
410 

1, 119 
8, 122 
9,729 
1,141 
3,594 
1,424 
1,540 
16,  657 
1,102 

8,  572 
3,752 

12,  971 

2,  662 

1,216 
6,  501 

3,  331 
11,038 

4,418 

5,  527 

9,  336 
8,420 
8,  757 

2,  837 

6,  244 

7,  504 
5, 161 

3,  572 
7, 507 
8,601 

35, 223 
3, 357 
1, 888 


Dollars. 
7, 178, 427 

11,  737,  628 

7,  917, 134 
8, 098, 400 

11,943,499 

8,  590,  641 
8,  778, 112 

8,  782,  756 
7, 176,  265 
5, 888,  405 

13, 173,  047 
10, 401,  099 
13,  676,  337 
7, 407,  859 
19, 112,  928 
24, 602,  044 
10,  399,  526 
13,  074,  003 
20,  984,  255 

10,  791,  897 

12,  914,  785 

9,  681,  509 

2,  943,  783 

11,  646, 537 

13,  398, 940 

12,  751,  414 
L3, 626,  579 

18,  369, 042 
16,  756,  917 

19,  605,  827 
22,  282,  352 

20,  596,  646 
31, 786,  617 
37, 506,  465 
27, 166, 937 
35, 087,  266 
35,  000,  287 
29, 308, 083 
37,  023,  061 
42,  650, 876 
30, 024, 866 


a  Nine  months* 


320  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOU 

Net  Imports  of  Manufactures  of  Wool — Continued. 


Year  ending- 


FROM  EUROPE. 

Great  Brit- 
ain and 
Ireland. 

France.  «. 

Germany. 

Nether- 
lands. 

Bel- 
gium. 

All 
other. 

Total. 

-LSUll/lVi  o. 

X/UH(t(  0 . 

Thrill  firss 

ft  rc 

-LJVUiiAil  0  . 

~T~\f\  lift  i«  0 

11  8*>4  35Q 

603  047 

2  894  753 

£/j  0«7TT)   1  OO 

14,  696 

143  Qfi3 

1  401 

15  489  91 Q 

16  571  75Q 

1, 146,  717 

3  406  595 

Q)  *rv/U)  0£>0 

11  661 

981  936 

6  952 

91  494  850 

4X,  *k£n^  OOU 

97  8^Q  739 

583  483 

4  007  704 

742 

311  871 

7  256 

32  770  788 

04,  i  t  v,  1  OO 

17  919  12*1 

X  I  ,  —  1  — ,  X4U 

701  697 

2  774  269 

5  822 

119  530 

630 

20  807  073 

4.7  340  242 

2  141  502 

8  435  045 

8  441 

227  063 

308 

58  152  601 

qi  4fi7  054 

4  388  373 

7,  293, 944 

6, 198 

260  440 

^W)  TiV 

5, 080 

46  421  089 

94  35Q  155 

9  887  43Q 

4  6*>9  8^5 

rT)  www,  OUtJ 

1  848 

512  774 

11  917 

97  Qfi5  6^0 

3  584  096 

4.  2T7 

TT)  ^jO  4  <,  OOO 

4  375 

85  453 

18  260 

35  895  152 

9s*  537  394 

5  465  299 

5  404  Q45 

V)  *V^t)  V±0 

13 

2  581 

227  577 

36,  637,  662 

QQ  4^3  09Q 

3  057  904 

4, 460, 731 

33  271 

157  495 

182  394 

46  344  194 

40  2Q0  13fi 

fi  1QQ  468 

8  668  263 

41 

84  306 

41  160 

55  283  374 

38  845  244 

4  071  833 

10  120  371 

7  362 

79.  093 

2  971 

53, 126  874 

31  332  534 

q  571  305 

7, 218,  899 

3  781 

429  237 

*x4t7j  £dO  % 

11,  748 

48, 567  544 

27  689  11Q 

w  1  )  VFO*7j  XX«7 

11  863  48fi 

6, 176  837 

14  962 

442  829 

7  758 

46, 194  991 

20  490  992 

8  735  95 (J 

1, 882,  703 

76, 471 

482, 816 

2,  346 

30, 471  278 

14  180  fill 

JL*±j  iOvfj  VJXX 

7,  852,  530 

4, 197, 162 

165,  897 

327,  842 

4,  883 

26, 728,  925 

14  305  7Q7 

7, 206,  015 

4, 477,  894 

179  209 

223  562 

1, 576 

26,  394,  053 

12  447  843 

8,  769,  836 

3,  704,  286 

247, 393 

236,  488 

1, 918 

25, 407,  764 

lq  741  n«o 

9  696,  716 

4,  834,  315 

492, 464 

441,  070 

5, 795 

35,  211, 420 

17, 125  936 

8  727,  900 

5, 529, 430 

593,  061 

808, 473 

16, 258 

32, 801,  058 

19,  304  355 

10, 938, 105 

5, 998, 420 

464,  219 

1,  614,  946 

116, 105 

38, 436, 156 

1Q  850  918 

1  r»  Q72  1QC 

6  879,471 

366,  567 

1  863,  554 

136  283 

45,  068,  289 

19  20Q  351 

4%J\f)  OOJL 

11  071  945 

9,  654, 420 

7,  732 

474  995 

401, 189 

40,  909,  632 

16,  596, 096 

9,  472, 430 

8, 891,  239 

6, 835 

309,  465 

293, 826 

35,  569, 891 

21,  692,  001 

9,  977, 444 

8, 722, 643 

14, 388 

432,  966 

380, 107 

41,  219, 549 

21, 985,  718 

11,  280,  890 

10,  206, 151 

7,724 

521, 317 

629,  365 

44,  633,  263 

23,  931,  615 

11,498, 901 

10,  792, 403 

7, 455 

677, 181 

529,  385 

47, 436,  940 

28,  280, 436 

12, 102,  032 

10, 761,  980 

3,  976 

652, 694 

527,  658 

52.  328,  776 

29, 107,  893 

13, 472, 462 

12,  318,  783 

7,  006 

755,  966 

655,  862 

56,  317,  972 

19, 492,  661 

9,  913, 983 

9, 830,  013 

7,271 

590, 185 

880,  835 

40, 714, 948 

16,  459,  901 

9,  060, 160 

8, 497, 441 

12, 329 

554, 401 

685, 113 

35, 269,  345 

18, 444,  780 

8,923, 182 

8, 739,  613 

8,  523 

550, 531 

1, 024, 881 

37,  691,510 

June  30 

1862  

1863  

1864  

1865  

1866  

1867..  


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Net  Imports  of  Manufactures  of  Wool — Continued. 


321 


Tear  ending— 


Sept.  30- 

1821  

1822  

1823  

1824  

1825  

1826  

1827  

1828  

1829  

1830  

1831  

1832  

1833  

1834  

1835  

1836  

1837  

1838  

1839  

1840  

1841  

1842  


June  30— 

1843  b  

1844  

1845  

1846  

1847  

1848  

1849  

1850  

1851  

1852  

1853  

1854  

1855  

1856  

1857  

1858  

1859  

1860  

1861  

1862  

1863  

1864  

1865  

1866  

1867  

1868  

1869  


From 
M<J\i<'<>. 


From 
West 
Indies. 


From 
South 
Amer- 
ica. 


(a) 
(a) 
(a) 

7,  500 
22, 158 
49,  544 
28,  019 
330 
25 
236  ! 
330  1 


719 

7.212 
1.647 
4.  430 
10,  330 
11, 465 
1 , 984 
601 
2, 112 


Dollars.  Dollars  .  Dollar 
6,  405 
5,  869 
24.  642 
20.  983 
34,  366 
17,319  | 
9,797 
19,455  I 
5.231 
4,914  | 
7.802  I 
10,068 
13,421 
1.817 
8,657  I 
8,971  | 
3, 184 
20,054  ! 
16,498 
3,284  i 
3,102 
2,  065 


346 


1,955 


7,  465 
1,  732 


272 
1, 188 


431 
5,  396 


107 


258 
33 


12 
1. 120 
440 
34 
135 
60 
133 
26 
142 
3.  911 
4, 115 
207 

3,  051 

4,  536 


274 


18,  937 
659 
30 
531 
705 


2,  245 
245 
158 
785 


463 

1.  383 

3,  254 

2,  697 

4.  968 
4,  357 
3,642 
4,247 
7.  354 
1,247 
4,  018 
4,  636 
6,  562 


453 


1,  795 
28 

1 ,  345 
4.  409 

2,  946 
256 
353 

1,  219 

3,  060 
309 

1, 130 
50,  733 
85, 441 


9,399  106,970 
3.379  115,636 


1,825 
832 
2,  466 
931 
35, 161. 
71, 234 


83,  845 
102,  278 
108, 715 
137,  206 

77.  955 
1, 587 


19,300  508,173 
78,762  196,874 


54, 936 
12,  664 
19,  208 
16,  573 


2,  749 
896 
159 
55,  578 


From 
Asia 
and 

Oeean- 
ica. 


Dollars, 
34,  278 
228 
1,583 
150 
20,  055 
7,825 
7,  333 

2.  099 

3,  655 
506 
831 

10,  873 
6,  234 
3.  517 
2.  943 
852 
448 


a  Included  in  South  A 

H,  Mis.  94  21 


985 
6,  701 
205 
109 

18,  474 
97.  516 
164, 791 
10,  526 
23.  388 
18,  933 

8,  833 
4,  072 

59,  914 

9,  332 
22,  530 

320,  933 
462,  045 
354,  259 
154, 640 
99,  447 
127,  891 
328, 961 
252,  332 
12,  582 
552 
1,  356 
1,612 
6,  516 
17,038 
30, 087 
28,  677 
merica. 


From 
Africa. 


From 

all 
other 
coun- 
tries. 


Dollars. 
159 
282 


Dollars. 
487 


164 

259 

23 

66 

12 

2,  616 

150 

6,  615 

37 

43  | 
63  ! 
61 

245 

456 

567 

297 


140 


18 


14 
2,  597 


486 
543 

1,  077 
686 
295 
148 

1,670 
76 

2,  307 
14,  415 

2,  680 
174 

4, 194 
668 

109 
111 


12 


23 
354 
15 


33 

2,  034 

1,335 

866 

2,  427 

894 

10,  030 

101 

2,  374 

2,«94 

25 

2,  599 

20 

115 

2,  982 

2 

19,  924 

585 

111 

53 

813,  353 

15 

331, 978 

5 

314 

62 

630 

Total  im- 
ports. 

Total 
foreign 

ex- 
ports. 

Net  im- 
ports. 

DoHars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

7.  238,  954 

379,  252 

6,  859,  702 

11,  752,595 

190,  563 

11,502,  032 

7,  953, 433 

463,  071 

7,  490,  362 

8, 124,  687 

555, 973 

7,  568,  714 

12,  017, 468 

696,  905 

11,320,  563 

8,  657, 424 

466,  314 

8, 191, 110 

8,  866,  226 

252,173 

8,  614,  053 

8,  842,  389 

194,  658 

8,  647,  731 

7, 193,  653 

212,  748 

6, 980,  905 

5,  900,  988 

235,  545 

5,  605,  443 

13, 197,  364 

307,  209 

12,  890, 155 

10.  440,  490 

391,  967 

10,  048,  523 

13,  713, 141 

525,  883 

13. 187.  258 

7,  444,  035 

818,  042 

6,  625,  903 

19,  151,  950 

382,  655 

18,  769.  295 

24,  637, 881 

515,  504 

24, 122.  377 

10, 410,  782 

558,  757 

9,  852,  025 

13, 130,  956 

266,  052 

12,  864,904 

21.  024.  427 

242, 333 

20,  782,  094 

10,  808,  485 

443.  393 

10  365.  092 

12, 943.  883 

187,  626 

12,  756,  257 

9,  689,  648 

146,  524 

9,  543, 124 

2,  971,  456 

71, 172 

2,  900,  284 

11,  751,  971 

71.  888 

11,680,  083 

13,  578,  352 

237, 546 

13.  340,  806 

12,  778,  854 

350,  230 

12,  428,  624 

13,664, 102 

349,  551 

13,314,  551 

18,  405,  461 

235.  102 

18. 170,  354) 

16,  779,  501 

247, 942 

16,  531,  559 

19,  620,  619 

227,748 

19.  392,  871 

22,  358,  879 

331,  669 

22.  027,  210 

20,  611,  286 

285,  375 

20,  325,  911 

31,819,  771 

434,  906 

31,384,  865 

37,  904,  473 

1,467,  711 

36,  436.  762 

27,  754,  372 

2,  714,  680 

25,  039,  692 

35,  582,  712 

1,  438,  889 

34, 143,  823 

35,  289,  345 

483,  629 

34,  805,  716 

29,  534,  655 

225,  838 

29,  308,  817 

37,  295,  594 

268,  301 

37,  027,  293 

13,  141,  988 

309,  347 

42,  832,  641 

30,  430, 140 

192,  561 

30,  237,  579 

15,  63,9,913 

237, 511 

15,  402, 402 

21,524, 802 

237, 183 

21,  287,  619 

33,  349,  702 

230,  886 

*33, 118,816 

21,929,487 

570,  083 

21,359,  404 

58,  719,  754 

219,  662 

58,  500,  092 

46,  502,  952 

1.14, 118 

46,  388, 834 

32,  489,  342 

593,  941 

31,895,401 

36,  077,  875 

479,  442 

35,  598,  433 

I)  Nine  months. 


322 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Net  Imports  of  Manufactures  of  Wool— Continued. 


Year  ending — 


From 
Mexico 


June  30— 

1870  

1871  

1872  

1873  

1874  

1875  

1876  

1877  

1878  

1879  

1880  

1881  

1882  

1883  

1884  

1885  

1886  

1887  

1888  , 

1889  , 

1890  

1801...  , 

1892  , 

1803  , 


Dollars. 

3,  522 
1,717 

507 
49,  302 
1,913 
380 

4,  224 
407 
557 
677 
708 

1,346 
2,  636 
1,823 
2, 113 
15,  298 
15, 096 
6,945 
4,  830 
7,833 
14,  816 
2,  024 
6,318 
1,558 


From 

West 
Indies. 


Dollars, 
36,  386 
51,  769 
13,  703 
873 
1,463 
251 
913 
312 
199 
507 
277 
1,  599 
456 
259 
406 
133 
257 
269 
360 
466 
498 
507 
226 
221 


From 
South 
Amer- 
ica. 


Dollars, 
241,  678 
136,  584 
36, 633 
1,934 
1,  030 
964 
10,  532 
559 
102 
190 
457 
557 
102 
155 
36 
228 
524 
3, 797 
127 
588 
129 
98 
51 
219 


From 
Asia 

and 
Ocean- 

ica. 


Dollars. 

94,  491 
128, 260 

92, 060 
105, 413 

95,  505 
79,  567 

146,  253 
166, 707 
95,  395 
106,  964 
130, 012 

149,  062 
257,  752 
373, 258 
213, 221 
165, 247 

150,  365 
226, 011 
253, 475 
205,  514 
226,  421 
309,  374 
270, 156 
334, 528 


From 
Africa. 


Dollars, 
36 
104 


171 

363 


63 
290 
345 


19 

5,  426 
3,  351 

401 
696 

6,  226 
2,  048 

524 
530 
3, 177 

7,  465 
17,714 

8,  930 
10, 645 


From 

all 
otlier 
coun- 
tries. 


Dollars 
280 
3,747 
195 
12 
40 


83 


23 
25 
11,  533 
333 
266 


531 
56 
920 
2,000 
1,252 
10 
286 
153 


Total  im- 
ports. 


Dollars. 

37,  064, 001 
46,  713,  767 

55,  561, 850 
53,  510,  560 
48,826,816 
46,  348,  545 

34,  859,  506 
26,  911,  873 
26,  505,  573 
25, 527,117 

35,  356,  992 
32,  970,  307 

38,  726, 925 
45, 457,  307 
41,157,583 
35,  776,  559 
41, 421,  319 
44,  902,  718 
47, 719,  393 
52,  564,  942 

56,  582, 432 
41,  060,  080 
35,  565,  879 
38,  048,  515 


Total 
foreign 

ex- 
ports. 


Dollars. 
387,  367 
398,  295 
467, 589 
741,397 
595, 119 
461,  777 
601,  656 
373,  753 
419, 044 
343, 266 
343, 767 
648, 371 
345,  545 
282, 192 
348,  530 
706,  484 
407,  089 
274,  435 
288,  944 
273, 184 
244,  898 
215,  578 
256,  430 
245, 921 


lSret  im- 
ports. 


Dollars. 
36,  676,  634 

46,  315,  472 

55,  094,  261 
52, 769, 163 
48,  231,  697 
45, 886,  768 

34,  257,  850 
26,  538, 120 
26,  086,  529 
25, 183,  851 

35,  013,  225 
32,  321,  936 
38,  381,  380 
45, 175, 115 

40,  809,  053 
35,  070,  075 

41,  014,  230 
44,  628,  283 

47,  430,  449 
52,  291,  758 

56,  337,  534 
40, 844, 502 
35,  309, 449 
37, 802,  594 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


323 


IMPORTS  OF  WOOL  BY  GEOGRAPHICAL  DIVISIONS. 

Quantity  and  Value  of  Raw  Wool  Imported  into  the  United  States,  by 
Customs  Districts  and  Geographical  Divisions,  1856  to  1893. 


Tear  ending  June  SO  — 


1856... 

1856  a. 
1857. . . 

1857  a. 
1858... 

1858  a. 
1859... 

1859  a. 
1860... 

1860  a. 
1861... 

1861  a. 
1862... 

1862  a. 
1863... 

1863  a. 
1864... 

1864  a. 
1865. . . 

1865  a. 
1866... 
1866... 

1866  a. 
1867..., 

1867  a. 
1868.... 

1868  a.. 


Atlantic  ports. 


Baltimore,  Md. 


Founds. 
358,  062 


Dollars. 
50,  850 


Boston  and  Charles- 
town,  Mass. 


Pounds. 
8,  607,  268 


Dollars. 
895,  380 


New  York,  N".  Y. 


Pounds. 
5,  516,  806 


305, 216 
6  965,  829 


9,  351,024 
619,  013,  407 


1, 144,  943 
2, 661,  877 
2,  243,  651 
2,  233, 159 


6,  503,  428 
6  8,  314, 543 


135, 218 


b  875,  031 


114,  240 
55, 139 


614,  957,  673 
610,  634,  091 


614,458,  676 


6  275,  695 


6  12, 166,  841 
b  10,  366,  231 


6  661, 194 
509, 857 


105,  791 
63,  826 


584,  029 


57,  861 


618,  686,  233 
6  4,  670 
13, 407, 116 
6  886 
20,  594,  794 


2,  869,  480 
934 

2,  089,  647 

124 

3,  342,  621 


24,  536, 302 
49,  952,  898 


163.  946 
6  76, 192 
686,  092 


24, 230 
26,  667 
79,  825 


243,  394 


30,  201 


918,  934 


98,  382 


5,  872 


357 


1869  

272,  307 

29,  062 

1870  

242,  756 

25,  763 

1871  

1,109 

108 

1872  

30,  017 

4,  877 

1872  a  

62,  535 

583 

1873  

25, 684 

3,  893 

1874  

12,  793 

1,624 

1875  

28,  519 

3,966 

1876  

13,  681 

2,  257 

1877  

39,  442 

4,  945 

1878  

8, 666 

816 

1879  

1880  

83,  693 

15,  512 

1881  

49,  874 

5,915 

1882  

1883  

110, 4S0 

16,  399 

1884  

1885  

1886  

i887  

7,522 

23,  554,  872 
6  204,  094 

11,  695,  328 
6  194,  911 

22,  873,  030 
6  44,  884 
6  132,  502 

13,  677, 145 
6  1,  281,  028 

9, 106,  664 
6326,  628 

14,  354,  605 
16,  582, 175 
25,  616,  468 
52,  545,  362 
63,  480,  204 
36,  974,  345 
16,  254,  553 

24,  384,  420 
14,  646,  812 
19,  646,  763 
22, 148,  747 
16,  778,  786 
57,  474,  670 
18,  811,  088 
27,  111,  894 
31,  429,  249 
31, 435,  318 
27,  890,  301 
48,  398,  849 
40,  924,  821 


3,  821, 
71, 

1,772, 
76, 

3, 118, 
19, 
58, 

2,  036, 
230, 

1,  266, 
58, 

1,  999, 

2,  303, 

3,  721, 
10,  651, 

800, 
8, 539, 
2, 922, 

4,  958, 

2,  522, 

3,  508, 

4,  006, 
2, 102, 

12,  011, 

3,  589, 

4,  488, 

4,  976, 

5,  588, 
3,  885, 
7,  407, 

6,  555, 


139 
433 
016 
015 
882 
300 
301 
717 
585 
011 
793 
080 
687 
115 
232 
447 
873 
933 
379 
941 
670 
403 
200 
450 
299 
187 
028 
712 
009 
541 
802 


60, 938,  379 
b  143, 129 
27,  380,  225 
6  75,  821 
44,  342,  058 


6  64, 121 

28,  213 

20,  414,  432 

3, 453,  006 

6  394, 694 

67,  098 

13,  283,  400 

2,  083,  452 

a696,  964 

118,  489 

21, 105,  799 

2,  807,  744 

28,  805,  700 

3, 497,  284 

37,  833,  991 

5,011,049 

59,  869,  356 

12,  786, 160 

6637,  725 

160,  254 

39,  828,  678 

8,  874,  743 

21,  691, 625 

3,  965,  458 

24,  902,  918 

4,  570,  041 

24,  421,  689 

4,  240,  314 

17,114,545 

2,518,  511 

21,  918, 155 

3,  338,  398 

17,  660,  397 

2, 159,  824 

57,  916,  682 

9,  318,  866 

30,  319,  866 

4, 842, 153 

35, 126,  624 

5,  482,  841 

32,  021, 876 

4,  714, 456 

37, 150,  111 

5, 104,  870 

34,  330,  390 

3,  939,  893 

59,  980,  836 

6,  617,  451 

55,  752,  888 

7,  325, 121 

a  Value  of  wool  pelts  and  estimated  quantity  of  wool  thereon.      6Quantity  estimated. 


324  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Imports  of  Wool  by  Geographical  Divisions — Continued. 


Atlantic  ports. 


Year  ending  Jun< 


Baltimore,  Md. 


I  Pounds. 

1888  ,  16,397 

J  889   124,560 

1890  1  29 

1891  j  234,724 

1892  i  3,485 

1893  1  84,007 


Dollars. 
8,  951 
14,  955 
3 

22,  666 

75  j 
4,416  | 


Boston  and  Charles- 
town,  Mass. 


Pounds. 
48,  695,  587 
48,  802,  319 
45,  627, 499 
54,  514,  353 
70,  219,  999 
77, 175,  955 


Dollars. 
7,  653,  244 
8, 199,  954 
7,  320, 443 
9,  021,  290 
10,  574,  235 
10,  912, 509 


New  York,  N.  Y. 


Pounds. 
50, 024,  351 
53,  520,  892 
43, 277,  715 
51,  826,  412 
60,  782, 172 
65, 898,  287 


Year  ending  June  30- 


1856... 

1856  a. 
1857... 

1857  a. 
1858... 

1858  a. 
1859... 

1859  a. 
I860... 

1860  a  . 
mi . . . 

1861  a. 
1862... 

1862  a. 
1863... 

1863  a. 
1864... 

1864  a. 
1865. .. 

1865  a. 
1866... 
1866... 

1866  a. 
1867... 

1867  a. 
1868... 

1868  a. 
1869. . . 
1870... 
1871... 
1872... 
1872  a. 
1873... 
1874... 
1875... 
1876... 
1877... 
1878... 


Atlantic  ports. 


Philadelphia,  Pa. 


Pounds. 
830 


Dollars. 
55 


All    other  Atlantic 
ports. 


Pounds. 
131, 152 


Dollars. 
11,980 


Total. 


Pounds. 
14,  614, 118 


61,309 


9,  236 


265, 099 


31,  484 


16,  486,  076 


5  217,864  j        30,501  j  641,323 


8,  214 


6  28,  552,  966 


6  269.  543 


37,  736 


6  34,  879 


4,883 


b  30,  595,  802 


b  494.  542 


93,  963 


b  191,  855 


36,  453 


b  23,  763,  024 


5  139,838  !  22.374 


102.  314 


18.534 


652.  894        112, 127 


1,666,  923 


625.  357 
b  6, 174 
47,  914 
6  37 


387,  932 


237,  396 


470, 923 
297,  790 
543,  350 
668,  366 


1, 164,  578 
317,011 
1,  250,  613 
1,362,299 
1,  421,  200 
757,  099 


292, 187 


109,  056 
2,  408 
8,  414 
16 


52,  080 


38,  258 


75,  325 
33,  669 
70,.  308 
143, 139 


310,  275 
65,  966 
291,  321 
277,  222 
272, 258 
147, 136 


b  162,  244 
b  76,  515 
2,  952,  752 
6161,256 
142,  574 
b  406, 977 
948, 509 
b  121,  063 
33, 898 
b  78,  762 
383,  905 
610,351 
6  80,  998 
345,  698 
b  60,  641 
196, 430 
6100,  659 
974, 180 
224, 199 
275, 109 
545,  365 
6133 
889,  692 
153,  952 
219,  546 
147,  567 
64,  681 
37, 136 


25,  959 
15, 122 
593, 195 
23,  083 

39,  891 
43,  471 

224,  085 

40,  719 
13, 109 
31,505 
64,  847 

4,  451 
35, 639 

101,626 
10,  309 
57,  774 
17, 112 

274,  607 
36, 131 
47,  816 

135,  368 
32 

244, 410 

41,  822 
61, 512. 
38,  511 
13,  320 

8,  461 


a  Value  of  wool  pelts  and  estimated  quantity  of  wool  thereon. 


6  30,  015, 
6  81, 
41,  508, 

6162 
71,927. 

6  406: 
87,  272. 

6  544 
40,  420, 

6  355: 
67,  890, 
6  55, 

6  277, 
35,  744, 
6  1,  736, 
22,  829, 
61, 124, 
37, 177, 
46, 1 52, 
64,  270, 
13,  658, 
64, 120, 
78, 882, 
38,  429, 
50,  786, 
40,  592, 
38,  286, 
44,  869, 
Quantity 


740 

185 

341 
,142 

189 
,977 

629 
,478 
,900 
,668 
,301 

272 

621 

141 

363 

762 
,251 

814 

620 

027 

466 

597 

977 

934 

016 

048 

631 
,803 
estimated. 


WOOL   AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Imports  of  Wool  by  Geographical  Divisions — Continued. 


Year  ending  June  30- 


Pounds. 

1879   1,077,860 

1880   6,997,663 

1881   3,169,762 

1882   2,443,062 

1883   4,076,228 

1884   5,515,282 

1885   5,527,837 

1886..  !  14,689,851 

1887  1  12,517,861 

1888  I  12,754, 185 


Atlantic  ports. 


Philadelphia,  Pa . 


1889. 
1890. 
1891. 
1892. 
1893. 


21,  487,  084 
14,616,780 
20,252,981  i 
14,  547,  655 
26,  382,  561 


holla 
118, 

1, 160, 
435, 
398, 
568, 
819, 
690, 

1,  799, 

1,778, 

1,  653, 

2,  761, 
2, 004, 
2,  614, 
2, 104, 
2,  881, 


545 

628 

455 

286 

670 

827 

850 

S03 

456 

721 

170 

031 

030 

565  || 

408  1 1 


All  other  Atlantic 
ports. 


Tounds. 
32,698  I 
127,339  | 
106,987 
214,198 
14,451 
11,056 
67,943 
1,990,878 
1,289,473 
911, 120 
633,286 
485,759 
985,654 
1,414,338 
1, 141,  700 


Dollars. 
7,612 
32,  401 
29,  410 
34,  242 
3,  460 
2,  525 
16,  257 
400,  676 
274, 738 
194,  594 
165, 142 
120, 581 
227,  597 
320, 164 
205,  504 


Total. 


Pounds. 
35,  549,  741 
22,  COO,  047 
52,  457,  577 
64,  895,  778 
67,  652,  284 
74,  111,  767 
67,  816,471 
125',  060,  414 
110,568,  942 
112,401,640 
124,  568, 141 
104,  007,  782 
127, 814, 124 
146, 967,  649 
170,  682,510 


Dollars. 

4,388,181. 
22, 538,  858 

8,  902,  232 

10,  403,  556 
10,279,013 

11,  515,  934 
8,  532,  009 

16,225,471 
15,  941,  039 
15,  628,  477 
17,  682, 157 
14,  984,  209 
17,  905,  859 

19,  330,  860 

20,  733,  700 


326  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Imports  of  Wool  by  Geographical  Divisions — Continued. 


Tear  ending 
June  30-  - 


1856... 
1850  a. 
1857... 

1857  a  . 
1858... 

1858  a . 
1859... 

1859  a . 
1860... 

1860  a  . 
1861... 

1861  a . 
1862... 

1862  a  . 
1863... 

1863  a . 
1864... 

1864  a  . 
1865... 

1865  a  . 
1866... 
1866... 

1866  a  . 
1867... 

1867  a  . 
1868... 

1868  a  . 
1869... 
1870... 
1871... 
1872. . . 
1872  a. 
1873... 
1874... 
1875... 
1876... 
1877... 
1878... 
1879... 
1880... 
1881... 
1882... 
1883... 
1884. . . 
1885... 
1886... 
1887... 
1888... 
]889... 
1890... 
1891... 
1892... 
1893... 


GULF  POUTS. 


Brazos  de  Santiago, 
Tex. 


Pounds. 
140,  998 


Dollars 
7,204 


Corpus  Christi, 
Tex. 


Pounds.  Dollar 


ATI  other  Gulf 
ports. 


Pounds. 
200 


Dollars. 
16 


Total. 


Pounds. 
141, 198 


Dollars. 
7,  220 


13, 750 


696 


13,  750 


6  19, 150 
6  2, 473 


4,213 


619,150 
b  2, 473 
b  77,  643 
I       b  4, 463 


544 
2;  275 


b  66,  809 


13, 830 


610,  834 
64,  463 


12,  376 


4,321 


41,  537 
61,528 
1,230 


6,  660 
581 
101 


12,  376 
6 1,  530 
41,  537 
6  1,  528 
1,230 


57,  062 


3,602  ! 


8,  956 
6  206 
11,  564 


1,604 
35 
691 


8,  956 
6  206 
68,  626 


321,  288 
293, 393 
216,  475 
139,  340 


21,  772 
23,  814 
16, 135 
14,  256 


462,  520 
564,  063 
525,  357 
354,  650 
454,  474 
303, 997 
278,  654 
406,  487 
301,  977 
128,103 
1,462 

65,320 
265,  449 
451,450 
348, 813 

14,  028 
461,  219 
1 95,  593 


49, 075 
60,  224 
57,  965 

39,  668 

40,  955 

28,  365 
24,  388 
46, 103 
30, 138 
11,  972 

146 
5, 157 
17,  948 
30,  843 

29,  200 
1,113 

39,  012 
17, 072 


295, 
310, 
599, 
876, 
6 

496, 
549, 
448, 
429, 
876, 
436, 
521, 
876, 
588, 
41, 

146, 
890, 
778, 
845, 
17, 
161, 


349 
754 
902 
396 
383 
724 
851 
516 
156 
766 
451 
369 
005 
401 
815 
270 
407 
819 
141 
125 
982 
772 
961 
080 


23, 571 
21,  326 

48,  694 
96,  957 

88 

49,  591 
46,  379 
46,  052 
40, 781 
72,  617 
34,  250 
40,  489 
94,  510 
55, 673 

4, 149 
106 
12,  563 
71,259 
61,  723 
69,  714 
1,534 
15,  395 
81 
98 


73 


71 


75,  020 

4,596 

49,  588 

4,  376 

45,  722 

3,  518 

156,  823 

16, 135 

6  22 

5 

197,  427 

27,  674 

34,  337 

2,835 

5,  272 

448 

8,  621 

839 

29,  392 

2,  373 

14,  969 

1,262 

15,  597 

1,109 

32,  244 

3, 459 

117,  607 

13, 504 

20,  406 

1,784 

226,  674 

19,928 

506, 495 

33,  297 

1, 146,  233 

92, 823 

610,944 

47,  008 

50,  400 

4,  452 

143,  759 

13,  292 

51,251 

4,167 

629 

60 

190 

41 

5,  888 

1,176 

691, 657 
653, 735 
862,  099 
1, 172,  559 
6  405 
1, 156,  671 
1, 148,  251 
979, 145 
792,  427 
1,  360,  632 
755,  417 
815, 620 
1,  314,  736 
1,007,985 
190,  324 
1,732 
438, 401 

1,  662, 763 

2,  375,  824 
1,  804, 882 

82,  410 
766,  750 
247, 805 
1,709 
263 
5,959 


a  Value  of  wool  pelts  and  estimated  quantity  of  wool  thereon.      6  Quantity  estimated. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  327 
Imports  of  Wool  by  Geographical  Divisions— Continued. 


Year  ending 
June  30— 

Pacific  ports. 

Pounds. 

Dollars. 

5,  360 

551 

b  30.  700 

6,  447 

b  721 

137 

b  4,  653 

1,070 

b  24,  852 

5,  217 

13,  893 

1,  750 

71,  748 

10,  647 

1864 

82,  951 

15,920 

i  an  i  /» 

12,947 

1,  639 

22,  701 

2,  692 

6, 150 
M  47 
6,  708 
&3,  679 
19,  587 
31,  303 
59, 078 
3,  083,  981 

337 
25 
3,776 
699 

2,  201 

3,  035 
8, 500 

763,  233 

1868  

1868  c  

1869  

1870  

1871  

1872  

1873  

1,603,699 

552,  213 

1874  

554,  024 

116,  215 

1875  

402,  823 

59,  707 

1876  

262,  565 

46,719 

1877  

258,  298 

55, 156 

1878  

405,  956 

63,  329 

1879  

129,  554 

12,  768 

1880  

392, 434 

48, 753 

1881  

9G3, 257 

231, 290 

1882  

1,  713,  358 

412,  851 

1883  

1,  622,  624 

395, 133 

1884  

2,  290, 314 

521, 031 

1885  

£2,  639 

16,  574 

1886  

129,  958 

12,  876 

1887  

255,  713 

21, 987 

1883  

92,  842 

14,  971 

1889  

86,  397 

13,  660 

1890  

110,  347 

14,  074 

1891  

47,  256 

6.  204 

1892  

94, 470 

18, 106 

1893  

141,  116 

17, 179 

Lake,  ^Northern  border  and 
Interior  ports. 


Total  imports. 


Pounds. 

Dollars. 

Pounds. 

Dollars. 

1,  525,  631 

a  376,  799 

16,280,947 

2,  052,  042 

b  554, 368 

138,  592 

554,  368 

c  138, 592 

1,  244,  970 

a  309,  268 

17,  750, 156 

2,  435,  582 

6  713,300 

178,  325 

713,  300 

cl70,  325 

926,  753 

248, 701 

29,  529,  569 

4,  273,  207 

Z>407,  635 

81,527 

407,  635 

c 81,  527 

2, 126,  387 

a  524,  224 

32,  725,  383 

5,  021,903 

b  476,  050 

95, 210 

476,  050 

c  95,  210 

1,  678,  786 

a  340, 875 

25,  524, 106 

5, 184,  260 

b  758,  849 

151,768 

758,  849 

c  151,  768 

1,  449,  002 

a  318,  787 

31, 494,  057 

5,  007,  053 

5  482,215 

96,  624 

563,  400 

cll2, 680 

1,  885,  642 

563,  849 

43,  407,  876 

7,  094,  451 

b  461,  073 

101, 436 

623,  215 

cl24,  643 

1 , 933, 007 

759,  525 

73,931,944 

12,  555,  563 

b  782,  807 

117,  421 

1, 189,  784 

c  160,  892 

3,  096,  046 

1,  335,  319 

90,  464,  002 

15,  977,  406 

b  240,  328 

96, 131 

786, 112 

c  285,  437 

3,  402,  024 

1,  505,  502 

43,  877,  408 

7,  734, 346 

b  185, 771 

72,  718 

542, 967 

c  212,  797 

4,021 

1,281 

67,  918,  253 

9,  382,  795 

b  2,  749,  924 

1, 182,  467 

2,  805, 196 

1.206.  234 

b  286,  918 

126,  255 

564,  539 

c 248,  408 

480,  954 

161, 956 

36,  240,  201 

5,  905,  708 

b 181, 465 

32,  958 

1,918, 181 

c  341,  010 

1,  220, 101 

339,444 

24, 125, 197 

3,  793,  365 

b  214,  209 

42, 496 

1,  342, 139 

c  237,  589 

1,380,  868 

363,  000 

39,  275,  926 

5,  600,  958 

2,  392,  541 

794,  265 

49,  230, 199 

6,  743,  350 

2,  866,  824 

853, 200 

68,  058,  028 

9,  780, 443 

4,  341, 493 

1,  602,  838 

122,  256,  499 

26,  214, 195 

b  129, 908 

30,  469 

4,  250,  910 

c  991, 878 

3,  852,  702 

1,  782, 191 

85,  496,  049 

20,  433,  938 

2,  807,  332 

1,  026,  850 

42,  939,  541 

8,  250,  306 

2,  733,  776 

1,021,868 

54,  901,  760 

11,071,259 

2,  995,  796 

1,038,  365 

44,  642,  836 

8,  247,  617 

2,  265,  631 

668, 139 

42, 171, 192 

7, 156,  944 

2,  417,  903 

734,  595 

48, 449, 079 

8,  363,  015 

2,  510,  240 

567,  610 

39,  005, 155 

5, 034,  545 

3,  824,  530 

995, 970 

128, 131,  747 

23,  727,  650 

1,  535,  417 

471, 131 

55,  964,  236 

9,  703,  968 

1,  062,  284 

261,738 

67,  861,  744 

11 , 096,  050 

1,  298,  838 

274,  933 

70,  575,  478 

10,  949,  331 

1,  510, 169 

310,  096 

78,  350,  651 

12,  384,  709 

1,  024,  297 

208,  836 

70,  596, 170 

8,  879,  923 

1, 518, 762 

322, 345 

129,  084,  958 

16,  746,  081 

1, 408, 493 

314,931 

114,  038,  030 

16,  424,479 

981, 861 

236,  670 

113,  558,  753 

15,887,217 

1,066,  441 

210,  999 

126, 487,  729 

17,  974,  515 

1,  065,  351 

244,  480 

105, 431, 285 

15,  264,  083 

1,  440,  559 

319, 151 

129,  303,  648 

18,  231,  372 

1,  608,  270 

339,  094 

148,  670,  652 

19,  688,  108 

1,  603,  653 

312, 118 

172, 433, 838 

21,064, 180 

a  Includes  total  wool  free  of  duty  under  reciprocity  treaty,  which  can  notbe  distributed  by  districts. 
b  Quantity  estimated.  c  Value  of  wool  pelts  and  estimated  quantity  of  wool  thereon. 


328 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


IMPORTS  AND  DUTIES,  1821— 1866. 

General  Imports  of  the  Principal  and  all  other  Manufactures  of  Wool 
into  the  United  States,  and  the  Estimated  Amounts  of  Duties  Collected 
on  the  same,  1821  to  1866. 

Note.— Most  of  the  classes  of  goods  named  in  the  various  tariffs  are  enumerated  in  this  table. 
The  blanks  under  many  of  the  classes  do  not  indicate  that  there  were  no  importations  of  such  goods, 
but  that,  under  the  different  phraseology  of  the  several  acts,  on  importation  they  were  described 
and  returned  under  some  more  general  head,  as  "all  other  manufactures  of  wool,"  etc.  Duties  are 
estimated  on  the  general  imports  and  not  on  the  net  imports  of  manufactures  of  wool. 


BALMORALS  AND  SKIRTING  OF  WOOL, 
OTHER  MATERIAL. 


WORSTED,  OK 


Year  ending- 

Pounds. 

Value. 

Duties. 

June  30 — 

Dollar*. 

Dollars. 

1805  

283,117 

232,  864 

161. 093. 68 

1866...  

394, 637 

359,  049 

238,  332.  48 

BLANKETS. 
Value  per  pound  not  stated. 


Year  ending- 


Value. 


Sept.  30— 

1821  

1822  

1823  

1824  

1825  

1826  

1827  

1828  

1829  

1830  

1831  

1832  

1833  1  1,165,260.00 

1834  1  1,068.065.00 

1835  j  1,865,344.00 

1836   2,397,822.00 

1837  i  959,814.00 

1838  !  94t?,  546. 00 

1839   |  1,356,086.00 

1840  j  570,417.00 

1841  !  691,895.00 

1842  !  566.233.00 


Dollars. 
434,  256.  00 
991,147.  00 
604,  896.  00 
526,  023.  00 
891, 197.  00 
527,781.00  I 
703,477.00  I 
624,239.00 
455,467.00  j 
594,044.00  j 
1, 180,  478.  00 
602,  796.  00 


Duties. 


Dollars. 
106,  064.  00 
247,  786.  75 
151,  224.  00 
131,  505.  75 
222,  794.  25 
131,946.  00 
175,  869.  25 
1 56,  059.  75 
159,  413.  45 
207,  915.  40 
413,167.30 
210,  978.  60 
407,841.00 
181,932.  04 
263,465.  35 
388,  549.  20 
144,  242.  42 
148, 183.  94 
166,  630.  75 
88,  039  65 
88,  507. 45 
78,  235.  83 


BL  A  NK  ETS — 601)  titiued . 

Value  per  pound  not  stated. 


Year  ending— 

Value." 

Duties, 

June  30— 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

1843  a  

201,454.  00 

47,  363.  90 

!  1844  

1,  004,  826.  00 

214, 178.  10 

1845*.  

998  914.  00 

219,  261.00 

1846  

633,  745.  00 

141,896.  95 

1847..  

803,  914.  00 

166, 172.  65 

1848  

1,  146,587.00 

229,  317.  40 

\  1849  

1,  161,429.  00 

232,  285.  80 

|  1850  

1,  244,  335.  00 

248,  867.  00 

'  1851  

1,506.  169.00 

301,  293.  80 

I  1852  

1,046,361.  00 

209,  272.  20 

|  1853  

1,  455,  659.  00 

291.  131.80 

1854  

1.790,590.00 

358. 118.00 

■  1855  

1,  170,642.  00 

234, 128.  40 

!  1856  

1,  205,  300.  00 

241,  060. 00 

:  1857  

1,  630,  973.  00 

326,  194.  60 

1858  

1,  574,  716.  00 

236,  207.  40 

!  1869  

1,  697, 386.  00 

254,  607.  90 

!  I860  

1,  665, 181.  00 

249, 777. 15 

1861  h  

1,341,048.00 

223,  518.  35 

1862  

1,  945,  707.  00 

635,  392.  55 

442,431.67 

1864  

749,  793.  00 

287, 160.  48 

;  1865  

878,  908.  00 

582,  386.  71 

1866  b  

539, 131.  00 

428,  247.  31 

1861. 


41,  734 


7,  928.  56 


a  Nine  months.         b  Included  in  the  totals  for  these  two  years  are  the  following  details 


1861 

1866 

Pounds. 

Value. 

Pounds. 

Value. 

Valued  at  not  over  28  cents  per  pound  

430,  428 

$86,  994 

1,  808,  956 

$368,  317 

Valued  at  over  28  cents  and  not  over  40 

10, 344 

2,  301 

153,  036 

57, 545 

Valued  at  over  40  cents  per  pound  

219 

115 

218,  390 

113,  269 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Imports  and  Duties,  1821-1866 — Continued. 


329 


CARPETS  AND  CARPETING. 

Brussels,  Turkey,  Wilton,  and  treble  ingrain 


Year  ending  —      Square  yards.  Values. 


Sept.  80— 

1824  

1825  

1826  

1827  

1828  

1829  

1830  

1831  

1832  

1833....,  

1834  

1835  

183G  

1837  

1838  

1839."  

1840  

1841  

1342  

June  30— 

1843  a  

1844  

1845  

1846  

1847  

1848  

1849  

1850  

1851  

1852  

1853  

1854...!....,.. 


Dollars. 


29,  299 
85,  700 
71,201 
60,  750 
60,  634 
'    64, 570 
64,  885 
127,  746 
144,  066 
104, 108 
118,  008 
205,  666 
335, 680 
223, 064 
130,  034 
282,  952 
167,  650 
207, 562 
161,425 

125,218 
194, 172 
259, 668 
139, 496 
276,  644 
621, 153 
397,  818 
685,  328 
842,  404 
555,  088 
809,  281 
2,  299,  895 


Venetia  a  a nd  inq ra in . 


Sept.  30 

1824  

1825  

1826  

1827  

1828  

1829  

1830  

1831  , 

1832  

1833  

1834  

1835  

1836  

1837  

1838  


93. 
502, 
601 
630, 
763, 
341, 
182, 
385, 
512, 
240, 
257 
395 
614 
833 
161 

cMnemou 


,339 
!,  378 
,  452 
871 
360 
593 
870 
839 
793 
,668 
,  022 
,441 
974 
324 
218 
ths. 


77,  562 
170,  713 
210,  335 
147,  820 
197,  037 
321,  812 
514, 712 
369,  906 
194.  301 
414,  809 
246,  068 
293,  048 
208,  S95 

170, 188 
272, 195 
396,  963 
229,  973 
273,  805 
595,  465 
367,  975 
626,  813 
835, 174 
559, 609 
845,  058 
1,  406,  337 


123,  950 
249,  980 
346, 589 
171, 606 
199,  831 
281,  272 
449, 943 
253, 195 
121, 052 


carpets  and  carpeting— continued. 
Venetian  and  ingrain — Continued. 


Year  ending —      Square  yards.  Values 


Sept,  30— 

1839  

1840  

1841  

1842  

June  30 — 

1843  a  

1844  

1845  

1846  

1847  

1848  

1849  

1850  

1851  

1852  

1853  

1854  


272, 086 
127, 583 
77,  768 
50,  772 

17,  550 
23, 989 
46,  778 
33,  230 
19,  241 
74, 175 
144,  558 
148, 172 
142,  540 
129,  821 
239, 157 
353, 725 


Dollars. 
197,  798 
92,  433 
52, 440 
33, 414 

11, 622 
17, 280 
34,  951 
23,  570 
14, 059 
38,  895 
96, 433 
93, 091 
88,  655 
75, 573 
142, 817 
165,  391 


Wilton.  Saxony,  Aubusson,  Brussels,  Turkey,  treble 
ingrain,  Venetian,  and  other  ingrain. 


1855. 
1856. 
1857. 
1858. 
1859. 
1860. 
1861. 
1862. 
1863. 
1864. 


1,492,  952 
2,  000,  586 
1, 714, 093 


559, 928 
1,  092, 498 
1,508,370 


1,  327,  707 
1,  929, 196 
1 , 784, 196 

1,  542, 600 

2,  200, 164 
2,  542,  523 
1,  746,  049 

466,  596 
1,  016,  562 
1,  658,  380 


Baizes,  bindings,  bockings,  and  druggets. 


|  1833  

i  1884  

i  1835..  

1  1836  

1837  

;  1.838  

;  1839  

|  1840  

i  1841  

1842  

June  30- 

1843  a  

1844  

1845  

1846  

1847  

1848  


89,  427 
108, 198 
329,  986 
436,  071 

63, 457 
179, 803 
287,  354 
144,  082 
256,  634 
157, 769 

58, 018 
125, 040 
278, 456 
265,  480 
169,  933 

(b) 

Included  in  flannels. 


28, 319 
40, 083 
129, 434 
168, 760 
27, 137 
61,  968 
118,  620 
51, 025 
95, 863 
59,  909 

19,  670 
40,  214 
100, 332 
88,  075 
66, 427 
(6) 


330 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Imports  and  Duties,  1821-1866— Continued. 


carpets  and  CARPETING — continued. 
Baizes,  bindings,  bocldngs,  and  druggets — Cont'd. 


Tear  ending- 

Square  yards. 

Values. 

June  30 — 

* 

Dollar  8. 

122,  485 

51,  518 

1850  

237,  689 

101,  256 

1851..  

190,  492 

110, 600 

1852  

184,  973 

111,  051 

298, 166 

118,  203 

1854  

380,  973 

113,  048 

1855  

378, 457 

97,  578 

1856  

502,  244 

117,  561 

1857  

491,  405 

119,  835 

124,  008 

136, 174 
200,  683 
138,  781 
68,  485 
102,  910 
20,  725 
74, 473 

1  R62  

ISfU  1    

1865  

1866  

51,  537 
170, 148 

Brussels  carpets,  wrought  on  the  Jacquard  machine, 
and  all  medallion  or  whole  carpets. 
Valued  at  $1.25  or  under  per  square  yard. 


1861  

867 
220,  536 

1,113 
213,  791 

1865  

Valued  at  over  $1.25  per  square  yard. 

1861  

3,  731 
105,  786 
563,  671 

7,250 
156. 194 
865,  878 

1865  

1866  

Brussels  arid  tapestry  Brussels  carpet,  and  carpet- 
ing printed  on  the  warp  or  otherwise. 

1861  

1,911 
317, 590 
1,  566,  207 

1,446 
290,  641 
1, 424.  650 

1865  

I860  

Treble  ingrain  and  worsted  chain  Venetian  carpets 
and  carpetings. 

1861  

5,  340 
10,  055 
45,  044 

409 

7,  520 
36,  642 

1865  

1866  

Two  ply,  ingrain,  and  yarn  Venetian. 

1865  

157 
64,  047 

86 

46, 130 

1866  

carpets  and  carpeting— continued. 

Of  wool,  flax,  or  whatever  material  n  ot  otherwi 
provided  for. 


Tear  ending—      Square  yards.  Values 


Sept,  30- 


1824. 
1825. 
1826. 
1827. 
1828. 
1829. 
1830. 
1831. 
1832. 
1833 

1847. 
1848. 
:849. 
1850. 
1851. 
1852. 
1853. 
1854. 
1855. 
1856. 
1857. 
1865. 
1866. 


June  30— 


358 
3,091 
5,  570 
14,  528 
5, 179 
26,  678 
184 
471 
814 
337 


19,  611 

247. 907 


Dollars. 


137 
401 
851 
166 

2,  017 

8,827 
28, 650 
70,  700 
72,  952 
95,  785 
229,  404 
697,  087 
178,  870 
283, 122 
397,  094 
28,  549 
204,  511 


Mats,  screens,  rugs,  all  other  mats  of  wool  and 
other  material. 


1865. 
1866. 


89,  988 
111,  492 


Total  carpets  and  carpeting. 


Tear  ending- 


Values. 


Sept.  30— 

1824  

1825  

1826  

1827  

1828  

1829  

1830  

1831  

1832  

1833  

1834  

1835  

1833  

1837  


Dollars. 
37,  834 
515,  391 
545, 148 
511, 186 
581,  946 
323,  254 
201,649 
421,094 
557,  775 
347,  911 
436,  951 
732,  518 
1, 133,415 
650,  238 


Duties. 


Dollars. 
38,  055. 
169,  092. 
187,  077. 
221,  373. 
222, 192. 
190, 373. 
118,601. 
243,  858. 
306, 176. 
164, 171. 
172, 192. 
303,  344. 
442,  529. 
239,  887. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Imports  and  Duties,  1821-1866— Continued. 


331 


CARPETS  AND  CARPETING — continued. 

Total  carpets  and  carpeting— Continued. 


Year  ending — 

Val  ues. 

Duties. 

Sept.  30— 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

1838  

377,  321 

139,  019.  38 

1839  

731,227 

267,  500. 18 

1840  

389,  526 

135,  318.  08 

1841  

441,  351 

154,  734.  66 

1842  

302, 218 

102, 577.  29 

June  30— 

1843  a  

201,  480 

83,  054.  92 

1844  

329,  689 

131,  388.  50 

1845  

532,  246 

199,  084.  34 

1846  

341,  618 

125,  893.  90 

1847  

356,  308 

90,  346.  85 

1848  

643, 187 

192,  956. 10 

1819  

544,  576 

163,  372.  80 

1850.*  

891,  860 

267,  558.  00 

1851  

1, 107,  381 

332,  214.  30 

842,  018 

252,  605.  40 

1,  335,  482 

400, 644.  60 

2,  381,  863 

714,  558.  90 

1855  

1,  604, 155 

481,216. 50 

2,  329,  879 

698,  963.  70 

1857  

2,  301, 125 

690,  337.  50 

1858  

1,666,  608 

399,  985. 92 

1859  

2,  336,  338 

560,  721. 12 

1860  

2,  743,  206 

658,369.44 

1861  

1,895,048 

466,  340.  30 

1862  

535,  081 

b  160,  524.  30 

1863  

1,  016,  562 

406,  624.  80 

1864  

1,761,290 

704,  516.  00 

1865  

593, 703 

312,  231.30 

1866  

2,  977, 567 

1, 603, 762.  35 

CLOTHING. 

Sept.  30— 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

1829  

79, 136 

39,  568.  00 

1830  

46,  789 

23,  394.  50 

1831  

108, 242 

54, 121. 00 

1832  

120, 443 

60,  221. 50 

June  30— 

1843  a  

175,  084 

76,  092.  70 

1844  

931,  061 

379,  041.  90 

1845  

1,173,  028 

475,  934. 40 

1846  

847,  742 

345,  536. 50 

1847  

676,  462 

277,  728.  30 

1848  

650,  222 

195,  966.  60 

1849  

587,  590 

176,  277.  00 

1850  

813,  261 

243,  978.  30 

1851  

1,058,  994 

317,  698.  20 

1852  

1,368,812 

410,  643.  60 

a  Nine  months. 

b  Estima 

clothing — eon  tinned. 


x  ear  ending — 

V  slues. 

Duties. 

June  30 — 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

185}  

2,  307, 135 

692, 140.  50 

1854...  

3, 927, 141 

1, 178, 142.  30 

1,  975,  662 

592,  698.  60 

1856  

1,  978,  344 

593,  503.  20 

1857  

1,  918, 988 

575,  696.  40 

1858  

1,  283,  538 

308,  049. 12 

1859  

1,  537,  284 

368,  948. 16 

1860  

2, 102,  296 

504,  551.  04 

1861  

1, 411,  726 

423,  248.  81 

1862  

52,  320 

26, 160.  00 

1863  

73, 472 

36,  736.  00 

1864  

48,  206 

24, 103.  00 

1805  

52,  829 

27,  026. 72 

1866  

130,  880 

66,  671.  36 

CLOTHS  AND  CASSIMERES. 


Tear  end- 
ing- 

Quantites. 

Sept.  30 — 
1821...'.  

Pounds. 

1822  

1823  

1824  

1825...,  

1826  

1827  

1828  

1830  

1831  

1832  

1835  

1838  

1840  

1842  

June  30— 
1843  a  

1846  

1847  

1848  

1849  

Values. 


Dollars. 
5,  038,  255 
8,  491,  935 
5,  844,  068 
5,  045, 159 
5,  264,  562 
4,  546, 714 
4,  285, 413 
4,  315,  714 

3,  335,  994 

2,  854, 339 
6, 121, 442 
5, 101,  841 
6, 128, 194 

4,  364,  340 

7,  046,  755 

8,  926,  382 

3,  013,  460 
5, 195,  965 
7,  078, 906 

4,  696,  529 
4,  942, 807 
3, 995,  577 

1,356,  628 

4,  777,  940 

5,  411,  850 
4, 192,  310 
4,  527,  742 

6,  364, 145 
4,  995,  957 


Duties. 


Dollars. 
1,  007,  651. 00 
1,  698,  387.  00 

1. 168,  813.  60 

1. 169,  337.  90 
1, 593,  527. 10 
1,  375,  296.  60 
1,  427, 041. 52 
1,437, 132.  76 
1,  334,  883. 90 

1,  284,  753. 30 

2,  755, 074.  80 

2,  296, 443.  95 

3,  064, 097. 00 

2,  051,  239.  80 

3,  311, 975. 30 
3,  923,  608.  00 

1,  325, 923. 40 
2, 130,  346.  00 

2,  902,  350. 40 
1,  784,  681. 40 
1,  878,  289.  60 
1,  398, 452.  00 

542,  651. 20 
1,  911, 176.  00 
2, 164, 740.  00 
1,  676,  924.  00 
1,258,322.  60 
1,  909,  243.  50 
1,498,787. 10 


mated  30  per  cent. 


c  Estimated. 


332 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Imports  and  Duties,  1821-1866— Continued. 


cloths  and  CASSiMERES— continued. 


Year 
ending — 


Quantities 


Pounds. 


June  30- 

1850  , 

1851  

1852  

1853  

1854  

1855  

1856  

1857  

1858  

1859  ill,  259, 693 

1860  !  12,  787,  754 


Values. 


Dollars. 
6, 184, 190 
7,  669,  520 
6, 909,  742 
11, 071, 906 
13, 159,  583 
9, 144,  861 
11,  683, 476 
11,  009,  605 
7,  626,  830 


Duties. 


1861. 
1862. 
1863. 
1864. 
1865. 
1866. 


245, 517 
4,  432,  392 
4,  363,  993 
9,  855,  327 
4,  700,  021 
13,  556,  472 


299,  043 
5,  441,  719 
5, 147, 404 

10,  698,  035 
5,411,043 

16,  676,  963 


Dollars. 
1, 855, 257.  00 
2, 300,  856.  00 
2, 072,  922.  60 
3, 321,  571.  80 
3,  947,  874. 90 

2,  743, 458.  30 

3,  505, 042.  80 
3,  302,  881.  50 
1,  830,  439.  20 
2, 702,  326. 32 
3,  069,  060.  96 

104,  222.  79 
1,  892,  316.  79 
1,  810,  530. 16 
5, 283,  369.  36 
3, 292, 422.  24 
9,  931, 316. 14 


DRESS  AND  PIECE  GOODS. 


Year  ending- 


Sept,  30- 


1821. 
1822. 
1823. 
1824. 
1825. 
1826. 
1827. 
1828. 
1829. 
1830. 
1831. 
1832, 
1833. 
1834. 
1835. 
1836. 
1837. 
1838. 
1839. 
1840. 
1841. 
1842. 


Worsted  stuff 
goods. 


Values. 


June  30- 


1843  b  . 
1844... 
1845... 
1846... 
1847... 


Dollars. 

1,  766,  443 

2,  269,  513 

1,  504,  469 
2, 158,  680 

2,  277,  468 
1, 143, 166 
1 , 382,  875 
1,  446, 146 

1,  600,  622 
1,397,  545 

3,  392,  037 

2,  615, 124 

4,  281, 309 
555, 121 

a  6,  549,  278 
a  6,  669,  312 
a  3,  350,  266 
a  3, 933,  455 
a  7, 025,  898 
a  2,  387,  338 
a  3,  712,  206 
2,  366, 122 

456,  051 
1,  835,  875 

1,  938, 109 

2,  658,  023 
2,  924, 002 

a  Free. 


Silk  and 
worsted  goods. 


Values. 


Dollars. 


625,  204 
225,  450 
123, 525 
162,  884 
233,  028 
53,916 


339,  824 
51,  766 

a  993, 377 
a  3, 171,  023 
a  1,  810,  947 
a  1,  522, 272 
a  2,  319,  884 
a  1,  729,  792 
a  1,  931,  328 

1,311,770 

318,  685 
1,  292,  488 
1,  510,  310 
1,  778,  202 
1,  965,  095 


dress  and  piece  GOODS— continued. 


Year  ending — 

Worsted  stuff 
goods. 

Silk  and 
worsted  goods. 

Values. 

Values. 

June  30 — 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

3,  858,  416 

4,  070, 185 

5,  004,  250 

5,  419, 174 

6,  296,  057 
9,  796,  387 

10,  375,  879 
8,  590,  506 
12,  236,  275 
11,365,  669 
10,  780,  379 
12,  289,  574 
15,018, 351 
20,  944,  727 

2,  456,  652 
2,  452,  289 
1,  653,  809 
1,  783,  076 
1,  667,  513 
1,  880,  918 
1,  594,  038 
1, 133,  839 
1,  335,  247 
1,580,  246 
1,249,  385 
1,  623, 106 
2, 193,  376 

1856  

1857  

1858  

1859  

1860  

1861  

Delaines  and  dress  goods. 

Year  ending- 

Quantities. 

Values. 

June  30— 

Pounds. 

Dollars. 

240,  722 
307,  328 
503,  993 

515,  641 
613, 248 
'  909,371 
541 , 890 
c         261, 963 

1862...  

23, 183 

I          17, 229 

'458,  471 
540,  646 
220,  670 
677, 193 

Of  wool  or  worsted,  wholly  or  in  part. 

Gray  or  uncolored. 

Year  ending  — 

Quantitie.s. 

Values. 

June  30— 

Square  yards. 

Dollars. 

1861  

5,  625 

1,135 
I,  744,  639 
10,  069,  768 
84,  697 

7,  672,  987 
39,  777,  952 
C        289, 476 

1864  

1S65  

<        436, 885 

97,  414 

1866  

C          37, 539 

10, 124 

<  471,359 

122, 839 

Printed  or  colored. 

28,  890,  882 
74,  772,  895 

8,  059, 127 
21, 125, 097 

1S66  

b  Nine  months. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Imports  and  Duties,  1821-1866 — Continued. 


333 


DRESS  and  piece  goods— continued. 
Total  dress  and  piece  goods. 


Year  ending— 

Sept.  30— 

1821  

1822  

1823  

1824  

1825  

1826  

1827  

1828  

1829  

1830  

183.1  

1832  

1833  

1834  

1835  

1836  

1837  

1838  

1839  

1840  

1841  

1812  

June  30— 

1843  a  

1844  

1845  

1846  

1847  

1848  

1849  

1850  

1851  

1852  

1853  

1854-  

1855  

1856  

1857  

1858  

1859  

1860  

1861  

1862  

1863  

1864  

1865  

1866  


Values. 


Dollars. 

1,  766, 443 

2,  269,  513 

1,  504,  469 
2, 158,  680 

2,  902,  672 
1,368,  616 
1,  506,  400 
1,609,  030 
1,  833,  650 

1,  451,  461 

3,  392,  037 

2,  615, 124 

4,  621,133 
606,  887 

7,  542,  655 
9,  840,  335 
5, 161,  213 

5,  455,  727 
9,  345,  782 
4, 117, 130 
5, 643,  534 

3,  677,  892, 


774,  736 
3, 128,  363 

3,  448,  419 

4,  436,  225 
4,  889,  097 
6,  315,  068 
6,  522,  474 

6,  658,  059 

7,  202,  250 

7,  963,  570 
11, 677, 305 

11,  969,  917 
9,  965,  067 

13,  878,  850 

13,  449,  908 

12,  545,  405 

14,  525,  928 
18, 121,098 
21,  487,  752 

279, 192 
2,  203, 110 
10,  610,  414 

8,  461,908 
21, 935, 253 


Duties. 


Dollars. 
44 J,  610.  75 
567,  378.  25 
376,  117.  25 
539,  670.  00 
756,  928.  20 
353, 426. 50 
382,  776.  25 
410,  401.  70 
470,  063.  90 
365,  561.05 
848,  009.  25 
653,  781.00 
462,113.30 
60,  688.  70 


ENDLESS  BELTS  FOB,  PAPEB,  AND  BLANKETING  FOR 
PB INTI NG  M A  C  HINES 


735,  578. 40 


232,  420.  80 
938,  508.  90 
1,  034,  525.  70 
1,  330,  867. 50 
1,  330,  278.  41 
1,  578,  767. 00 
1,  630,  618.  50 

1,  664,  514.  75 
1, 800,  565.  00 
1,990,892.  50 

2,  919.  326.  25 

2,  992, 479.  25 
2, 491,266.  75 

3,  469,  712.  50 
3,  362,  477.  00 
2,  383,  626.  95 

2,  759, 926.  32 

3,  443,  008.  62 
4, 140,  046.  29 

84,  478. 1J 
596,  624.  60 

3,  583,  324.  96 

4,  743,  299.  41 
10,  603,441.05 

#  Nine 


Year  ending — 

Quanti- 
ties. 

Values. 

Duties. 

. 

June  30 — 
1861  

Pounds. 

Dollars. 
411,473 
87,  213 
146,  706 

Dolla  rs. 
2,  868.  25 
47,177.95 
78,  490.  30 

1865  

1866  

83,  267 
135,716 

FLANNELS. 

Flannels,  not  otherwise  specified. 


Year  ending—     Sq.  yds.    Values.  Duties. 


Sept.  30- 


1824  

1825  

1826  

1827  

1828  

1829  

1833  

1834  

1835  

1836  

1837  

1838  

1839  

1840  

1841  

1842  

June  30— 
1843  a  

1814  

1845  

1846  

1847  

1848  

1849  

1850  

1851...-  

1852  

1853  

1854  

1855  

1856  

1857 

1858 

1859 

1860 

1861 

1862 

1864 

1865 

1866 


288, 
407, 
597, 
635, 
166, 
199, 
373, 
153, 
212, 
75, 


788 
433 
616 
316 
188 
740 
512 
281 
219 
805 


35,  596 
93,  835 
205,  130 
163,974 
117, 122 
514, 121 
170,  396 
281, 779 
334, 117 
231,  948 
298,  218 
487, 239 
356,  545 
360,  991 






1,  050 
92,  642 
1,  208,  606 

Dollars. 
156,  850 
1,  065,  609 
586,  823 
587, 250 
521,177 
95,  034 
118, 151 
200,  580 
270,  351 
306, 952 
84,112 
98, 011 
172,  753 
67, 690 
89,  048 
30,  380 

17, 779 
37,795  | 
76,055  j 
68,776  | 
50,210  | 
206,895  ! 
52,  339 
88,  593 
130,  489 
87,  492 
106,  381 
143,  079 
134,  811 

100,  248 
105,  779 
137, 687 

101,  911 
178, 890 
186,  778 

30,  798 
457,  410 

83, 329 
149,  615 


Dollars. 

47,  055.  00 
319,  682.  70 
176,  046.  90 


mun  t  lis. 


334 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Imports  and  Duties,  1821-1866— Continued. 


EATS  AND  HAT  BOMES- 


Year  ending- 


Sept.  30— 

1833  

1834  

1835  

1836  

1837  

1838  

1839  

1840  

1841  

1842  

June  30 — 

1843  a  

1844  

1861  

1865  

1866  


Values. 


Dollars. 

28 
249 

57 
405 
400 
512 
209 
269 

87 

31 

95 
89 
223 
615 
35,  772 


Duties. 


Dollars. 

2. 16 
26. 46 
53.95 
269.  50 
98.  94 
118.  92 
66.  22 
76. 92 
26. 18 
7. 87 

40. 04 
34.  56 
44.  60 
307.  00 
17,  886.  00 


HOSIERY,  SHIRTS,  AND  OTHER  KNIT 
WOOL  OR  MIXED. 


Sept.  30— 

1824  

1825  

1826  

1827  

1828  

1829  

1830  

1831  

1832  

1833  

1834  

1835  

1836  

1837  

1838....  

1839  

1840  

1841  

1842  

June  30— 

1843  a  

1844  

1845  

1846  

1847  

1848  

1849  

1850  

1851  

1852  


55,  868 
369,  747 
189,  993 
376,  927 
365,  339 
230,  986 
133,  453 
325,  856 
260,  563 
463,  348 
383,  977 
652,  680 
700,  530 
177,  092 
356,  965 
1,  037,  096 
506,  452 
471,  877 
375,  297 

61,  073 
662, 905 
741,  242 
838,  866 
621,680 
731,  009 
718,  794 
718, 135 
1, 211,  048 
860, 997 


16,  760.  40 
110,  924. 10 

56,  997.  90 

113,  078. 10 
109,  601.  70 

80,  845. 10 
46,  708.  55 

114,  049.  60 
91,197.05 

115,  837.  00 

17,  278.  97 
29,  370.  60 
28,  021.  20 

7,  083.  68 
12,  493. 78 
36,  298.  36 
15, 193. 56 
14, 156.  31 

9,  382.  43 

18,  321.  90 
198,  871. 50 
122,  372.  60 
251,  659.  80 
186,  504.  00 
219,  302.  70 
21$,  638.  20 
215,  440.  50 
363,  314. 40 
258,  299. 10 

a  Nine 


HOSIERY,  SHIRTS,  AND  OTHER  KNIT  GOODS,  OP 

wool  or  mixed— continued. 


Year  ending — 


June  30 — 

1853  

1854  

1855  

1856  

1857  

1858  

1859  

1860  

1861  

1865  

1866  


Values. 


Dollars. 
1,047,  686 
1,272,857 
1,083,957 
1, 173,  094 
1,  740,  829 
1,837,  561 
719,  415 
831,  627 
701,  942 
321,  889 
603,  808 


Duties. 


Dollars. 
314, 305.  80 
381,  857. 10 
325,i87. 10 
351,  928.  20 
522,  248.  70 
441,  014.  64 
172,  659.  60 
219, 590. 48 
168,  466.  08 
129,  344. 10 
246,  039. 20 


FLOCKS,  WASTE,  OR  SHODDY. 


Year  ending- 

Quanti- 
ties. 

Values. 

Duties. 

June  30— 

Pounds. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

1861  

794,  273 

47, 182 

4, 718. 20 

6,  291,077 

442,  376 

44,  237.  60 

1863  

7,  867,  601 

581, 234 

116,  246.  80 

1864  

8, 133,  391 

621,  514 

244,  001.  73 

1865  

4,  863,  064 

410, 395 

145,  891.  92 

1866  

7, 147, 108 

589,  490 

214,  413.  24 

SHAWLS. 

Year  ending  - 


Sept.  30— 

1833  

1834  

1835  

1836  

1837  

1838  

1839  

1840  

1841  

1842  

June  30— 

1843  a  

1844  

1845  

1846  

1847   

1848  

1849  

1.850  

1851  

months. 


Values. 


Dollars. 
116,  029 
12,  092 
325,  671 
405, 577 
101,  466 
248,  215 
410,  856 
133,  849 
109, 707 
187, 420 

46, 874 
324, 105 
455, 155 
365,  215 
764, 447 
1,411,-833 
1,231,392 
937,  388 
1,  018, 036 


Duties. 


Dollars. 
58,  014. 50 
6,  346.  00 
742. 13 
9,  215.  88 
1,  022. 12 
62,  714.  83 
115,  811. 47 
48, 111.42 
37,  687.  64 
64,  854. 30 

18,  749.  60 
129,  642.  00 
182,  462.  00 
146,  086.  00 
245,  907.  90 
423,  549.  90 
369,  417.  60 
281,  216.  40 
305,  410.  80 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Imports  and  Duties,  1821-1866 — Continued. 


335 


shawls— continued. 


Year  ending — 

Values. 

Duties. 

June  30— 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

1852  

Ill,  081 

215, 124.  30 

1853  

1,412,  389 

423,  716.  70 

1854  

1,  476,  772 

443,  031.  60 

1855  

2.  240, 104 

560,  026.  00 

1856  

2,  529,  771 

632, 442.  75 

1857  

2,  246,  351 

561,  587. 75 

1858  

2,  002,  653 

380, 504. 07 

1859  

2,  877,  352 

546, 696.  88 

1860  

2,  806,  987 

533,  327. 53 

1 861  

2,  032,  786 

a r\~i   fine  oi 
491,  duo.  81 

1862  

105, 925 

32, 467. 09 

1865 

34,  295 

20,  580.  04 

1866  

32,  901 

17,  354. 16 

YARNS. 

Woolen. 

Year  ending — 

Pounds. 

Values. 

Sept,  30— 

Dollars. 

1833  

4,640 

1834  

298 
889 

1835  

1836  

462 

812 

685 

334 

1838...  s  

282 

80 

1839  

313 

156 

1840  

1,547 

807 

1841  

1,758 

660 

1842  

2,670 

1,  053 

Worsted. 


1833  

1834  

1835  

1836  

1837  

1838  

1839  

1840  

1841  

1842  

June  30— 

1843  a  

1844  

1845  

1846  

1847  

1848  

1849  


98,  079 
166,  209 
261, 626 
211, 894 
172, 128 
136,  603 
368,  802 
103, 931 
157,  564 
216, 558 


60, 961 
159,  020 
187,  975 
266,  330 
128,  833 
143,  407 
113,  463 

a  Nine  months 


yarns— continued. 
Worsted — Continued. 


Year  ending- 


June  30- 


1850. 
1851. 
1852. 
1853. 
1854. 
1855. 
1856. 
1857. 
1858. 
1859. 
1860. 
1861. 
1862. 
1863. 
1864. 
1865. 


Pounds. 


479,  558 
357,  967 
413,  928 
365,  333 


Total  yarm. 


Year  ending- 


Sept.  30— 

1833  

1834  

1835  

1836  

1837  

1838  

1839  

1840  

1841  

1842  

June  30— 

1843  a  

1844  

1845  

1846  

1847  

1848  

1849  

1850  

1851  

1852  

1853  

1854  

1855  

1856.....  

1857  

1858  

1859  

1860  


Values. 


Dollars. 
102,  719 
166, 507 
262,  515 
212,  706 
172,  462 
136, 689 
368,  958 
104,738 
158, 224 
217,  611 

60,  961 

159,  020 
187,  975 
266,  330 
128,  833 
143, 407 
113, 463 
170,  639 
216,  876 
220,  259 
280,  896 
359,  341 

160,  599 
198, 746 
192, 147 
196, 285 
386, 824 
593, 371 


Values. 


Dollars. 
170, 639 
216,  876 
220,  259 
280,  896 
359,  341 
160,  599 
198,  746 
192, 147 
196,  285 
386,  824 
593, 371 
461,  656 
372,  533 
383, 011 
434,  549 
395,  589 


Duties. 


Dollars. 
21,  471. 80 

33,  355.  04 
52,  663.  02 

42,  685.  91 

34,  567.  76 

27,  357. 74 
73,  822. 21 
21,  081.  57 
31,  766.  20 

43,  680.  90 

18, 288.  39 

47,  706.  00 
56,  392.  50 
79,  899. 00 

34,  692.  05 

35,  851. 75 

28,  365. 75 
42,  659. 75 

54,  219. 00 

55,  064. 75 
70,  224. 00 
89,  835. 25 
40, 199.  75 
49,  686.  50 

48,  036. 75 
37,  294. 15 
73,  496.  56 

112,  740.49 


336 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Imports  and  Exports,  1821-1866— Continued. 


yarns— continued. 
Total  yarns— Continued. 


Year  ending— 

Values. 

Duties. 

June  30 — 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

1861  a  

485, 430 

95,  652.  22 

1862  

372,  533 

122, 231. 10 

1863  

383,  Oil 

150, 175.  74 

1864  

434,  549 

163,  443.  76 

1865  

395,  589 

188,943.03 

18666  

559,  667 

273, 194.  56 

ALL  OTHER 

MANUFACTURES 

OF — 

Sept.  30— 

1824.  

1825  

1826  

1827  

1828  

1829  

1830  

1831  

1832.....  

1833  

1834  

1835  

1836  

1837  

1838  

1839  

1840  

1841  

1842  

June  30— 

1843  c  

1844  

1845  

1846  

1847  

1848  

1849  

1850  

1851  

1852  

1853  

1854  

1855  

1856  

1857  

1858  


144,  273 
1,  008,  272 
892,  346 
895,  573 
824,  944 
840, 132 
619,  253 
1,  648,  215 
1, 181,  948 
650,  368 
203,  787 
453,  404 
713,  757 
90,  525 
315,  005 
522,  554 
221,  885 
395.  293 
336,  989 

75,  292 
390. 178 
553,  468 
788,  027 
845, 409 
790, 108 
851,  487 
1,014, 159 
1,  237,  816 
594,  954 
1, 124,  932 
1,  423,  330 
274,  514 
505,  004 
693,  640 
663, 372 


43,281.90  ; 
302,481.60  j 
267,  703.80  i 
298,  225.  80 
262,  543. 11 
287,  572.  03 
286, 147.  66 
744,  286.  82 
533,  098. 16 
322,  387.  88 

95,  779.  89 
213,  089.  88 

314,  073.  08 
39,  831.  00 

129, 152.  05 
214,247.14 
84,  316.  30 

150,  211.  34 
117,  946. 15 

30, 116.  80 

158,  471.  20 
221,  387.  20 

315,  210.  80 
298,  552. 10 
237,  032.  40 
255,  446. 10 
574,  247.  70 
371,  344.  80 
178.  486.  20 
337,479.60 
420,  999.  00 

82,  354.  20 

151,  501.  20 
208, 092. 00 

159,  209.  28 


ALL  OTHER  MANUFACTURES  OF— continued. 


June  30 

1859  

1860  

1861  

1862  

1863  

1864  

1865  

1866  


Values. 

Duties. 

Dollars. 

Dollars . 

1,  853,  463 

444,  831. 12 

1,311,578 

314,  778. 72 

487, 975 

118,  746.  08 

6.  434,  262 

1, 929,  678.  60 

10,  822, 145 

3,  808,  750.  75 

7.  968,  491 

2,  788, 971.85 

4,  964,  907 

2,  482,  453.  50 

13,  982,  954 

7,  008,  925. 14 

GRAND  TOTAL. 


Sept,  30— 

1 821  

1822  

1823  

1824  

1825  

1826  

1827  

1828  

1829  

1830  

1831  

1832  

1833  

1834  

1835  

1836  

1837  

1838  

1839  

1840  

1841  

1842  

June  30— 

1843  c  

.1844  

1845  

1846  

1847  

1848.-  

1849  

1850  

1851  

1852  

1853  


Dollars. 

Dollars. 

7, 238,  954 

1,  555,  325.  75 

11,752,595 

2,  513,  552.  00 

7.  953,  433 

1,  696, 154.  85 

8, 124,  687 

1,  985,  666.  80 

12,  017,  468 

3,  475,  430.  65 

8.  657,  424 

2,  548,  495. 20 

8,  866,  226 

2,  794,  539.  27 

8,  842,  389  I    2,  754,  284.  92 

7, 193,  653 

2,  591,  229.  74 

5,  900,  988 

2,  333,  082. 21 

13, 197,  364 

5, 172,  566.  82 

10,  440,  490 

4, 151,  896.  41 

13,  713, 141 

4,  662, 142. 38 

7,  444,  035 

2,  681,  520.  85 

a  19, 151,  950 

4,  266, 176.  03 

a  24,  637,  881 

5,  242,  550. 43 

a  10,  400,  782 

1,  817,  292.  66 

a  13, 130,  956 

2,  677,  638. 18 

a  21,  024,  427 

3,  828,  925.  25 

a  10,  808,  485 

2, 196,  949.  08 

a  12.  943,  883 

2,  382, 876.  24 

9,  689,  648 

2,  559,  817. 42 

2.  971,  456 

1,  072,  055.  60 

11,751,971 

4, 124, 155. 56 

13,  578,  352 

4,  704,  477.  94 

12,778, 854 

4,  436,  930.  81 

13,  664, 102 

3,  903, 352.  77 

18,  405,  461 

5,  073,  711. 10 

16,  779,  501 

4,  583,  293.  60 

19,  620,  619 

5,  415,  887.  65 

22, 358,  879 

6, 179,  538.  55 

20,  611,  286 

5,  665, 183.  65 

31,  819, 771 

8,  797, 248.  80 

a  In  1861  there  were  imported  of  yarns  exceeding  No.  14,  5,441  pounds,  value,  $4,017;  of  yarns  valued 
under  50  cents  a  pound,  and  not  exceeding  in  fineness  No.  14,  2,223  pounds,  value  $430;  of  yarn  valued 
at  50  cents  and  not  over  $1,  6.289  pounds,  Value,  $5,075  ;  of  yarn  valued  over  $1  a  pound,  12,829  pounds, 
value,  $14,252. 

bin  1866  the  following  imports  of  yarn  are  included  in  the  total:  Valued  under  50  cents  a  pound  and 
not  exceeding  in  fineness  No.  14, 7,499  pounds,  value,  $3,086;  valued  at  50  cents  and  not  over  $1  a  pound, 
45,081,  value,  $38,616;  valued  at  over  $1  a  pound,  404,848  pounds,  value,  $517,965. 

c  Nine  months. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  .  OF  WOOL 
Imports  and  Duties/ 1821-1866 — Continued. 


337 


GRAND  total— continued. 

grand  total— continued. 

Year  ending- 

Values. 

Duties. 

Year  ending — 

Values. 

Duties. 

June  30— 

Dollars. 
37,  904,  473 
27, 754,  372 
35,  582,  712 
35, 289,  345 
29, 534,  65:> 
37,  295,  594 
43,  141,  988 

Dollars. 
10,  568,  666.  05 
7,  584, 269.  34 
9, 718, 902.  85 
9,  623,  996.  95 

6,  202,  491.  26 

7,  903,  577. 07 
9, 139, 193.  53 

June  30— 
1861  

Dollars. 
30,  430, 140 
15,  639,  913 
21,  524,  802 
33, 349,  702 
21,  929,487 
58,  719,  756 

Dollars. 

6,  282,  930.  79 
4,  936,  725.  54 

7,  368, 120.  52 
13, 238,  984.  64 
12, 177, 142.  57 
30,  813,  761.  51 

1862  

1856  

1863  

1857  

1864  

1858  

\  1865  

1859  

1  1866  

1860  

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391 


COMPARATIVE  STATEMENT  OF  THE  IMPORTS  OF  CERTAIN  MANUFAC- 
TURES OF  WOOLS. 

Flannels,  Blankets,  Hats  of  Wool,  Knit  Goods,  Balmorals,  Woolen  and 
Worsted  Yarns,  and  all  Manufactures  of  every  description,  composed 
wholly  or  in  part  of  wrorsted,  the  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  or  other 
like  Animals  (except  such  as  are  composed  in  part  of  Wool,  N.  O.  P.  F.). 


Valued  at  not  exceeding  40  cents  per 
pound. 


Valued  at  above  40  cents  per  pound,  and  not 
exceeding  60  cents  per  pound. 


Years. 

Quantity. 

Values. 

Duty. 

Aver- 
age ad 

rem 
rate. 

Values. 

Duty. 

Aver- 
age ad 

rem 
rate. 

Pounds. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

P.  ct. 

Pounds. 

Dollars. 

Dollars 

P.  ct. 

1867  

24, 188  -75 

10,  342 

77 

8, 458. 

12 

81  *74 

11,  579 

6,  644. 

27 

5,  799. 20 

87  -28 

1868  

47,  974 

22,  214 

34 

17,  378. 

47 

78  '22 

64,  904  -25 

35,  720. 

15 

31,  962. 84 

89  -39 

1869.... 

19, 289 

•50 

7,  745 

39 

6,  568. 

79 

84-81 

73,  364 

37,  836. 

90 

35,  252. 07 

93  -17 

1870.... 

8,626 

•03 

2,  953 

29 

2, 758. 

97 

93  -43 

58,  516  -50 

29, 447. 

25 

27, 801. 49 

94-62 

1871  

22,  463 

•50 

8, 167. 

01 

7, 351. 

16 

90-01 

48,  531  -75 

24,112. 

40 

22, 998. 

87 

95-39 

1872  

9,010 

2,  753 

10 

2,  765. 

58 

100  -46 

41, 498  -75 

21,  567. 

80 

19,  998.  36 

92-72 

1873  

4,150 

•50 

2, 192 

94 

1, 439. 

39 

65  -64 

22,  088 

12,  086. 

00 

9,  873. 62 

81-69 

1874.... 

1,400 

•50 

486. 

57 

405. 

46 

83  -25 

26,  573  -50 

15,  009. 

58 

11,  904. 16 

79  -31 

1875  

797 

•75 

328. 

90 

249. 

46 

75  -82 

44,  525  -50 

24,  874. 

16 

20,  612. 09 

82  -87 

1  Q7R 
lO/O. . . . 

2,  691 

•25 

932 

•61 

864. 

66 

92  -71 

48,  737 

26,  874. 

17 

24, 020.  96 

89  -38 

1877.... 

5,702 

1,840 

93 

1,  784. 

72 

96  -94 

52,  867  -38 

28,  897. 

75 

25, 974. 42 

89  -88 

1878.... 

1,  257 

•25 

474. 

70 

417. 

59 

87-91 

74, 143  -50 

40, 136. 

50 

36,  290.  83 

90  -42 

1879.... 

1, 292 

•50 

439. 

67 

412. 

37 

84  -63 

67,  520  -75 

36,  434. 

43 

33,  008.  30 

90  -60 

1880.... 

28, 553 

•88 

10,  513. 

68 

9,  390. 

53 

89  -31 

92,  880  -75 

48,751. 

74 

44,  927.  33 

92  15 

1881.... 

54, 427 

22,  094. 

27 

18,  618. 

40 

84  -26 

48,  517  '66 

25,  212. 

20 

23,  379. 58 

92  -73 

1882.... 

170,  344 

60,  863. 

95 

55,  371. 

19 

90  -98 

93,  832 

50,  518. 

24 

45,  830.  84 

90  -72 

1883.... 

45, 288 

33 

16,  089. 

78 

14,  689. 

10 

91-29 

127, 602  -50 

68,  754. 

95 

62,  344. 99 

90  -67 

Valued  at  above  60  cents  x»er  pound,  and 
not  exceeding  80  cents  per  pound. 

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Quantity. 

Values. 

Duty. 

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Dollars. 

Dollars. 

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Dollars. 

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38 

12, 185. 

38 

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215,616. 

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175, 165 

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134,  814. 

68 

117, 251. 

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141,  943 

106,  367. 

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129,  580 

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27 

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25 

104,319 

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15 

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160,  537. 

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143,  233. 

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25 

123,  069 

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168,  228 

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124,  434 

54 

110,  843. 

66 

89-08 

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1,  927,  871. 

50 

1,  290,  852. 

61 

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473, 138 

•50 

345, 509 

39 

310, 183. 

68 

89-77 

1, 298, 409  -75 

2,  057,  456. 

82 

1,  369, 314. 

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1,  747,  562.  09 

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418 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Average 
ad  va- 
lorem 
rate  of 
duty. 

Per  cent. 
73-66 
73  02 
71  23 
71  -08 

68  -86 

69  09 
92-62 
93  -54 
96  54 

67  -53 
70  -81 

72  "21 
70  '02 
69-78 
70  -02 
68-65 

73  -53 
93-62 
96-65 

118  -84 
117-19 
105  09 

Value 
per 
unit 
of  quan- 
tity. 

Dollars. 
1.07 
1.06 
1. 12 
1.13 
1.21 
1.20 
1.  03 
1.  01 
.95 

1. 14 
.86 
.95 
.  84 
.73 
.81 
.91 
.96 
.99 
.92 

.84 
.  .87 
1.10 

09 

CD 

P 

Dollars  ■ 

28,  746.  29 
59.  673.  03 
180,  975.  50 
417,  435.  21 
526,  929.  68 
a  138,  925.  67 
b  72,  807. 21 
79,  759.  67 
72,  764.  29 

206,  532.  24 
47.  531.  43 
34,  589.  30 
129,  674.  20 
460, 177.  94 
795,  869. 97 
854,  812.  68 
295,  292. 99 
80,  804.  23 
74, 142.  60 

b  204,  278.  36 
251, 105. 13 
161,  475. 15 

Values. 

Dollars. 
39.  560.  31 
81,  722.  45 
254,  067.  83 
587,  301. 13 
765,  205.  77 
a  201,082.  75 
b  78,  609.  64 
85,  271.  55 
75,  372.  83 

305,  825.  25 
67, 123. 11 
47,  902.  61 

185,  203.  50 

659,  440.  64 
1, 136,  659.  47 
1,245,261.57 

401,  606.  70 
86,  310.  05 
76,  715.  50 

b  171,  889.  55 
214, 267. 03 
153,  655.  50 

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425 


61-82 
62 

155  -50 

114  -04 
138  -63 
150  -30 
79.  55 
86.  47 
88  -60 

S  g  £  3  £  2 

wA    rl    rl      '              "       '       *    H    H  H 

^  ^   H'   H          H   rt  H  ri 

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335,  651.60 
389,  224. 15 
a  131,  952.  60 
b  3.11 

b  148.  25 
969.  05 
523. 06 
a  279,  507. 91 
325,  852. 13 
269,  552. 98 

438,  680.  88 
616,  674. 19 
648, 184.  32 
654,  008.00 
632,  409.  73 
597,  660.  60 
628,  042.  70 
509, 161.  75 
326,  821. 18 
270.  076.  04 

510,  887.  50 
377,  295. 41 
339,  073. 11 
373,  317. 15 
428,  915.  22 
507,  771.  68 
542,  043. 11 
ff  of  1890. 

542,  919.  00 
627,  792.  00 
a  212, 818. 00 
6  2.  00 

b  120.  00 
699.  00 
348. 00 
O  351,  373.  00 
376,  820.  67 
304,  222. 98 

747,  858.  55 
1,  057,  865. 14 
1,  043,927. 15 
1,  029,  998. 19 
975,  563.  98 
902,  228.  95 
960,  470.  24 
697,  587.  91 
377,  519.  67 
304,  570  -98 

972,  792. 17 
696,  597.  72 
628,  960.  87 
689,  002.  38 
775,  267.  30 
923,  515.  71 
1,  012,  298. 23 
1890,  under  tari 

364,  074  -88 
423,  742  -38 
a  143,  665  -75 
b  7 

b  250 
1,  790  -75 
997 

a  235,  957  -75 
312,  367  -68 
266, 912  -52 

399,  057  -30 
586.  759  -50 
694,  034  -75 
727,  886  -81 
727,  946.  54 
711,  909  -57 
734,  013  -01 
509,  443. 13 
314, 158  -43 
267, 909  -52 

426,  025  -63 
333,  715  -54 
297,  341  -95 
330, 415  -94 
393, 929  -10 
461,352-94 
469,  346  -91 
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WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Average 
ad  valo- 
rem 
rate  of 
duty. 

II 9 

% 

Value 
per 
unit 
of  quan- 

titv 

Dollars. 
1.22 
1. 28 
1. 41 
1.09 
1. 05 
1. 12 
1. 11 
1. 17 
1. 18 
1.25 

3  j  rH      *      '      '      "  l''    H    H  !H  rJ 

Duties. 

Dollars. 
1,  035,  620.  67 
1,099,  682.  91 
1,  358,  755.  24 
1,  058,  004.  68  * 

963,  530.  09 
1, 834,  935. 58 

936,  847. 13 
a  414, 408. 76 
b  791,  098.  09 

374,  648. 01 

112  959  17 

2,  389,  367. 16 
2,  711,  029.  27 
4,  204,  027.  74 
4, 560,  904.  96 
4,  829,  327.  54 
6,  831, 126.  81 
2,  478,112.71 
1,  797,  524. 91 
389,  601.  92 
448.  892.  05 

1  27,478,400.05 

Values. 

Dollars. 
1,  508,  724.  00 

1,  633,  812. 50 

2,  098,  553.  03 

1,  469,  661.  73 
1, 313,  851.  26 

2,  576,  565.  50 
1,  308,  514. 41 
a  592,  268. 00 
b  906,  081.  68 

439,  766.  84 

171  fill  M 

3,  551,  302.  20 

4,  065,  988.  53 
6,  356,  083.  26 
6,  656,  449.  43 
7, 039,  341.  54 
9,  893,  894.  96 
3,  599,  981.  00 
2,  373,  908.  81 

449,  577.  92 
499.  489.  83 

41,  484,  871.  80 

Quantities. 

Pounds. 
1.  234,  677  -25 
1,274,736  -84 

1,  483,  811  -38 
1, 343,  256  -80 
1, 251,  398  -58 

2,  298,  026  -58 
1, 181, 260  -88 
a  507, 147  -25 
b  768,  311  -86 

351,  737  -71 
SQQ  fi1 3  -fin 

3, 480,  213  -68 
4,  290,  543  80 
7,  261,566  -87 
8, 108,  795  -82 
9,  077,  016  -46 
12,  891, 182  -49 
3,  615,  491  -79 
2,  271,  933  -46 
381,  507  -21 
468.  093  -1 1 

i 

Rates  of  duty. 

35  cents  per  pound  and  40  per  cent. . . . 

i  i 

i  i 

1  do  

44  cents  per  pound  and  50  per  cent  

I  : 

Years. 

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1  1 

Articles. 

DUTIABLE. 

lanufactures,  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool, 
worsted,  the  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other 
animals—  Continued. 
Wool— Continued. 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


431 


i  g  g.  *  i  §  £  i  s 

a  s  $  sf  s  s  s  s  s" 


3  § 


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I 


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IMPORTS  OF  RAW  WOOLS 

AT  THE  PORTS  OF 

NEW  YORK,  BOSTON,  AND  PHILADELPHIA, 
1882-1893, 

SHOWING 

COUNTRIES  OF  PRODUCTION  AND  IMMEDIATE  SHIPMENT. 


[These  imports  comprise  about  95  per  cent  of  the  total  imports  of  wools  into  the 
United  States.] 


H.  Mis.  94  28 


433 


l7  I 


•2  2? 

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5  CO 


D  □  □ 


□  □ 


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CI^SS  1,-CLOTHING  wools. 


Countries  of  production. 


Year. 


Countries  of  immediate  shipment. 


Pounds. 


Austria- Hungary . .  - 

Azores,  Maderia,  etc 
Belgium  


Denmark  . 
France  ... 


Germany  . 


1884 
1886 
1891 
1892 
188G 
1882 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 

1888 1 

1892 
1883 
1882 
1883 

1884  | 

1885 

1886  | 

1887  \ 


1888^ 


1889^ 

I 

1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 

1882  < 

1883 
1884 

1885< 

1886 
1887 

1888  < 

1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 


Belgium  

England  

Austria-Hun  gary  

 do  

Azores,  Madeira,  etc   

Belgium  

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

England  

Belgium  

Denmark  

France  

 do  

 do  

Belgium  

France  

 do  

England  

France  

England  

France  

Belgium  

England  

France  

England  

French  Possessions  in  Africa. 

France  

 do  

 do  

 do  

Germany  

England  

Germany  

 do  

 do  

England  

Germany  

 do  

 do  

England  

Germany  

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  


3,  200 
11,763 

8,  672 
832 
521 

166,  552 
42, 995 
129,  493 
361,  763 
72,  358 
15, 735 

9,  095 
41,  667 

50 

100, 739 
14, 001 
57, 958 
250 
11,  236 
20,  583 
862 
6, 131 
6,  729 
176,  904 
5,  590 

14,  444 
20,  788 

9,  715 
35,  803 
262, 333 
20,  073 
57, 129 

5,  380 

8,  770 
2,841 
8,798 
7,594 

9,  027 
28, 584 
12, 850 

15,  218 
7,030 

6,  726 
1,237 
7,199 

32,  083 
13,  629 
31, 511 


435 


436 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Class  1. — Clothing  Wools — Continued. 


Countries  of  production. 


Italy  . 


Portugal. 


Russia,  Baltic   and  White 
Seas. 

Russia,  Black  Sea  


Spain. 


Turkey  in  Europe  . 


United  Kingdom: 
England  


Tear. 


Scotland. 


Ireland  . 


1884 
1886 
1888 

1889] 

1883 
1888 
1889 
1891 

1886 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1888 

1889  j 

1890  | 

1891 

1892  j 

1893 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 

1888  | 

1889 
1890 

1891 1 

1893 

1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
.1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1880 
1889 
1890 
1884 
1886 


Countries  of  immediate  shipment. 


Italy  

France . . . 
England . 

Italy  

France... 
Portugal. 

 do  .. 

England . 
 do  .. 


 do  

 do  

Russia,  Black  Sea  . 

 do  

England  

 do  

Portugal  

France   

England  

Portugal  

France   

England  

France   

England  

 do  

 do  

 do  

France   

England  

 do  

 do  

 do  

Turkey  in  Europe  . 
 do  


England . 
 do  .. 


 do  .. 

 do 

 do 

 do  .. 

 do  .. 

 do 

 do  .. 

 do  .. 

 do  .. 

 do.. 

Scotland . 

 do.. 

England . 
Scotland. 
England . 
Scotland . 
England . 

 do  .. 

 do  .. 


Pounds. 

1, 113 
1,  577 
176 
53 
77 
693 
132 
420 
5, 872 


955 
638 
334 
577 
095 
220 
581 
254 
206 
708 


436 
545 
337 
170 
339 
750 
367 
638 
870 
868 
302 
590 
450 


483, 152 
897,  589 
728,  679 
272,  669 
407,  409 
60,  316 
465,  382 
544,  867 
884,  807 
266,397 
193, 431 
219,  308 
18,  768 
68,  388 
2,  209 
1,272 
2,  693 
1,409 
509 
41,  534 
4 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Class  1. — Clothing  Wools — Continued. 


437 


Countries  of  production. 


United  Kingdom— Cont'd. 
Ireland  

Dominion  of  Canada : 

Nova  Scotia,  etc  

Mexico  

West  Indies : 

British  West  Indies  . . 


Danish  West  Indies 
Dutch  West  Indies  . 

Cuba  

Argentine  Republic  


Year. 


1888 
1889 

1883 
1884 
188G 
1891 
1892 
1882 
1886 
1892 

1882 
1883 
1884 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
1889 
1886 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
1893 

1882] 
1883] 
1884  \ 

1885 


1886 


1887  < 


1888 


1889 1 


Countries  of  immediate  shipment. 


Ireland  . 
 do  . 


Nova  Scotia  . 

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

Mexico  

 do  

 do  


British  West  Indies. 
 do  


-do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 


Danish  West  Indies . 
Dutch  West  Indies.  - 

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

Mexico  

Argentine  Republic  . 

England  

Argentine  Republic  . 

England  

Argentine  Republic  . 

England  

Argentine  Republic  . 

Belgium  

England  

Argentine  Republic. . 

Belgium  

Brazil  

France  

England  

Argentine  Republic  . 

England  

Belgium  

England  

France  

Argentine  Republic  . 

Belgium  

England  

France  


Pounds. 


20, 099 

36,  517 

52 
393 

81 
2,200 
100 

29 
158 
176 

513 
822 
722 
1,230 
1,574 
2, 200 
686 
842 
1, 246 
122 
110 
114 

1,  296 
158 
669 
803 

2,  214 

37 

936, 106 
10, 158 

457,  769 
83,  783 

37,  693 
30,  360 

371,  696 
45,  865 
22,  208 
,  641,918 
327,  699 
11, 370 
326,  757 
979,  068 
58,  682 
232,  007 
150, 230 
510,  788 
30, 132 
638,  954 
55,  667 
290,  577 
231,  347 


438  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Class  1.— Clothing  Wools— Continued. 


Countries  of  production. 


Argentine  Republic  . 


Brazil . 


Chile  . 


Colombia  . , 
Ecuador  .., 
Guianas: 

British 
Peru  


Uruguay  . 


Year. 


1890^ 


1891  < 


1892^ 

1893  £ 

1882 
U883 

1884  £ 

1885  £ 

1886  J 

1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 

1882  | 

1883 

1884  j" 

1885 
1886 

1887  \ 

18$ 

1889 
1890 

1891  { 

1892 
1893 
1.888 
1888 

1883 
1884 

1886  £ 

1890 
1893 

1882  £ 


Countries  of  immediate  shipment. 


Pounds. 


Argentine  Republic . 

France  

England   

Scotland  

Argentine  Republic  . 

Belgium  

Prance  

England  

Argentine  Republic  . 

Prance  

Argentine  Republic. . 

France  

Brazil  

 do  

 do  

Belgium  

Brazil  

Germany  

Brazil  

England  

Brazil  

 do  


.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do 
.do  . 


Chile  

France  

Chile  

 do  ... 

England . . 

 do  ... 

Chile  

 do  ... 

England  . . 

Chile  

 do  ... 

 do  ... 

 do  ... 

England . . 

Chile  

 do  ... 

Colombia  . 
Ecuador  .. 


British  Guiana  . 

Peru  

 do  

Colombia  

Peru  

 do  

Uruguay   

England  


52,  352 
11, 186 
95, 840 
8,  977 
210, 047 
18, 824 
45, 130 
83, 456 
289, 835 
45,  596 
129,  592 
7,  348 
62,  354 
288,  863 
341,  858 
782 
263, 437 
8, 100 
1,  056,  306 
453 
235,  028 
324, 439 
387,  930 
67,  981 
123,  271 
639,  982 
896,  245 
4,  383 
2,  203 
117,  552 
77, 949 
3, 605 
36,  096 
170, 917 
520,  059 
25, 113 
120,  880 
43, 097 
783, 575 
413, 402 
1,112 
1. 464, 546 
462,167 
95 

1,  328 

82 
1,231 
300 
210 

2,  740 
2,  250 

5, 158,  685 
505, 944 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Class  1. — Clothing  Wools— Continued. 


439 


Countries  of  production. 


Year. 


Countries  of  immediate  shipment. 


Pounds. 


Uruguay  . 


Venezuela  

South  America,  other 
China  

Hongkong  

East  Indies : 

British  

Turkey  in  Asia  


All  other  Asia. 


1883 

1884  \ 

I 

1885  ^ 


1886^ 


1887  ^ 
1 
f 

1888 1 

1889  { 

1800 
1891 


1892 


1893 

1 

1886 

1883  | 

1885 
•1886 
1.887 
1890 
1885 

1888 
1889 
1892 
1893 
1883 
1884 

1887  £ 

1888 

1889  | 

1890 
1892 
1893 
1887 
1890 


Uruguay   

 do  

England  

Uruguay  

Belgium  

England  

Uruguay   

Argentine  Republic  

Belgium  

Brazil  

England  

Uruguay   

England  

Belgium  

Uruguay   

Belgium  

Brazil  

Uruguay   

England  

Uruguay   

 do  

 do  

Belgium  

Germany  

England  

Uruguay  

Belgium  

France   

Germany  

Venezuela  

South  America,  other.  

Central  American  States  

England  

China  

England  

China  

Hongkong  


England  

British  East  Indies. 

England  

 do  


 do  

 do  

 do  

France  

England  

Turkey  in  Asia. 

England  

 do  

 do  

Turkey  in  Asia- 
En  gland   

 do  


12. 


748,  446 
438,  569 
74,  511 
305,  462 
39,  898 
160,  909 
222,  290 
58, 288 
454,  689 
168 
149, 879 
585,  292 
1,  618 
1,562 
175, 239 
9,  022 
420, 180 
288,  000 
6,  348 
144, 239 
997, 196 
725,  708 
9, 457 
6,  677 
95,  768 
608,  978 
28,  734 
24, 372 
3, 804 
141, 968 
251 
2, 029 
993 
350 
5,  012 
10,  456 
7,697 


534 
525 
310 
972 
424 
669 
875 
224 
295 
833 
759 
800 
193 
254 
305 
800 


440 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Class  1. — Clothing  Wools — Continued. 


Countries  of  production. 


All  other  Asia  

British  Australasia. 


Hawaiian  Islands. 


Year. 


British  Africa . 


1891 1 

1882  £ 

1883  £ 

1884  $ 


1885  I 
1886 


1887- 


1888- 


1889 


1890  | 


1891 


1892 


1893  < 

1887 
1892 


1882  < 

1883  | 

1884  I 

1885  j 
1886 1 
1887  { 


Countries  of  immediate  shipment. 


England  

France  

British  Australasia. 

England  

British  Australasia. 

England  

British  Australasia. 

England  

British  Australasia. 

England  

Scotland  

British  Australasia. 

Belgium  

England  

British  Australasia . 

England  

Belgium  

British  Australasia. 

Germany  

England  

Scotland  

British  Australasia. 

Germany  

England  

British  Australasia. 

England  

British  Australasia. 

England  

Scotland  

British  Australasia. 

Belgium  

Germany  

England  

Scotland  

British  Australasia. 

England  

Germany  

Hawaiian  Islands. . . 

British  Africa  

Germany  

England  

British  West  Indies 

British  Africa  

Germany  

England  

British  Africa  

England  

Germany  

British  Africa  

England  

British  Africa  

England  

Scotland  

British  Africa  

England  


Pounds. 


1, 


1,933 
10,  693 
515, 132 
096,  857 
087,  079 
008, 908 
905, 490 
784, 136 
032,  329 
592, 482 
3,  087 
384,  624 
946 
811, 464 
382,  684 
920,  076 
4, 182 
046,  245 
17,  810 
343, 829 
14,  274 
938,  445 

3,  697 
386,  570 
017,  039 
911,  882 
887,  836 
642,  094 

12,  207 
880,  326 
4, 392 

91,  760 
786, 161 
1,440 
772, 050 
652,  756 
5,  776 

91, 725 
964,  660 

48,  757 
849,  349 
1,322 
746,  260 

49, 320 
246,  611 
725,  001 
830,  768 

34, 100 
786,  852 
187, 742 
164,  768 
377, 421 

4,  125 
552,  281 
335,  807 


Total. 


j  12, 626 
^  4,611,989 
]  5,095,987 
^  12,  689,  626 

1 

|  5,627,898 

J 16, 197,  034 

|  9,306,942 
J 

1  ■ 

}  15, 422, 158 
J 

1 18,  328,  712 
1 11,  928,  921 
}  26,  542, 137 

•  39,  764, 079 

| 37, 424,  806 

5,  776 
91,  725 

■  3,864,088 

2,042,191 

1,589,869 
974,  594 

2,546,314 
1,888,088 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Class  1. — Clothing  Wools — Continued. 


441 


Countries  of  production. 


British  Africa  . 


French  Africa  

Turkey  in  Africa  

All  other  Africa  

British  Possessions,  all  other 
All  other  countries  


Year. 


1888. 
1889 

1890 

1891 1 
1892  £ 

1893 

1886 
1888 
1892 

1888  < 

1891  < 

1893 
1888 
1890 
1893 
1885 
1891 
1891 


Countries  of  immediate  shipment. 


British  Africa  

England  

British  Africa  

England .  

Germany  

British  Africa  

France  

England  

British  Africa  

England  

British  Africa  

England  

British  Africa  

England  

Scotland  

France  

 do  

 do  

Turkey  in  Africa- 
Italy   

Turkey  in  Africa. 

France  

Turkey  in  Africa. 

England  

 do  

All  other  Africa . . 

England  

 do  

 do  


Pounds. 

Total. 

659, 839 
704,  229 

>  1,364,068 

1,  226,  090 

215, 625 

1  1,472,021 

30,  306 

J 

933,  745 

23,  647 

I  1,070,715 

113,  323 

1,  561,  911 
70,  089 

>  1,632,000 

1, 051, 572 
97,  966 

> 

>  1,149,538 

2,  065, 942 

52,  360 

I  2,126,098 

7,  796 

J 

507 

507 

16, 071 

16,  071 

229 

229 

357 
780 

) 

>        1, 137 

1, 000 
16, 453 

) 

>       17, 453 

6, 442 

6,442 

34, 259 

34,  259 

2,  937 

2, 937 

227 

227 

30, 729 

30, 729 

32,  078 

32, 078 

280, 995 

280,  995 

CLASS  2.-COMBING  WOOLS. 


Austria-Hungary 
Belgium  

Denmark  

France  , 


Germany . 


1891 
1884 
1886 
1891 
1891 
1884 
1886 

1887  | 

1889 
1890 
1891 

1892  | 

1893 
1882 
1883 
1884 

1885  | 

1887 


Austria-Hungary . 

England  

Belgium  

 do  

Germany  

France  

 do  

 do  

Germany  

England  

France  

 do  

 do  

England  

France  

England  

Germany  

 do  

 do  

England  

Germany  


14, 486 

14, 486 

1,214 

1,  214 

441 

441 

5, 142 

5, 142 

381 

381 

60 

60 

296 

296 

13, 281 
10, 818 

I 

24,  099 

12, 176 

12, 176 

75 

75 

100,  893 

100,  893 

19, 633 
6, 641 

I 
3 

26, 274 

638 

638 

4,719 

4, 719 

L798 

1,798 

2, 011 

2, 011 

4 

61, 456 

} 

61, 460 

2, 107 

2,107 

442 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Class  2. — Combing  Wools — Continued. 


Countries  of  production. 


Germany  . 


Italy  

Netherlands  

Portugal  

Russia,  Baltic  and  White 
Seas. 

Russia,  Black  Sea  

Russia,  not  specified  

Servia  

Switzerland  

Turkey  in  Europe  


United  Kingdom : 
England  


Year. 


1888; 

1889; 

1890 

1891  < 

1892 
1893 
1888 
1890 
1887 
1886 
1887 
1892 

1889 
1887 
1890 
1889 
1893 
1890 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 


1887 

.1888 1 
1889 

1890  £ 

1891  { 

1892  \ 


1893. 


1882 
1883 

1884  | 

1885 

f 

1886 1 
1887 


Countries  of  immediate  shipment. 


Germany  

England   

Germany  

England  

Germany  

 do  

England  ,  

Germany  

 do  

Italy  

France  

Netherlands  

England  

 do  

Russia,  Baltic  and  White  Seas  . 


England  

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

Switzerland  

England  

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

Turkey  in  Europe  . 

England  

Belgium  

Germany  

Scotland  

England  

Italy  

England  

Turkey  in  Europe  . 

England  

 do  

Turkey  in  Europe . 

 do  

England  

 do  

France   

Germany  

Turkey  in  Europe  . 

England  

 do  

 do  

Scotland  

England  

 do  

France  

Scotland  

England  


Pounds. 

Total. 

262 
25, 016 

> 

j       25, 278 

16,  718 
484, 179 

) 

>      500, 897 

110 

110 

10,  226 
624 

j       10, 850 

16,  599 

16, 599 

23,  694 

23,  694 

520 

520 

5, 962 

5, 962 

20, 456 

20, 456 

9, 585 

9,  585 

2, 292 

2,  292 

178,  969 

178, 969 

1, 059 

1,  059 

2,932 

2,  932 

42, 502 

42,  502 

5, 159 

5, 159 

7,623 

7,  623 

3,424 

3, 424 

7,  639 

7,  639 

5,  807 

5,  807 

18, 782 

18,  782 

84, 456 

84, 456 

»  122,252 

122, 252 

162,  394 

698,690 

441 

\      862, 094 

128 

1 

441 

1 

203,  436 
17 

>      203, 453 

46, 168 

46, 168 

73,  523 
31 9,  258 

|      392, 781 

179, 177 
115,  605 

I      294, 782 

849,  257 
345,  260 

]  1,194,517 

115,  503 

1 

I      723, 702 

1 

1, 008 
104 

607,  087 

) 

1, 939,  357 

1, 939,  357 

1, 959, 815 

1,  959, 815 

3,  474,  003 
18,  654 

S  3,492,657 

2,  281,  572 

2,  281,572 

4,  318, 150 

28,  334 

|  4,355,406 

8,  922 

6,  815,  421 

6, 815,421 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Class  2. — Combing  Wools — Continued. 


443 


Countries  of  production. 


United  Kingdom— Cont'd. 
England  


Scotland . 


Ireland  . 


Dominion  of  Canada: 
Nova  Scotia,  etc  . 


Year. 


1888 
1889  £ 

1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 

1882  £ 

1883  | 

1884 
1885 

1886  £ 

1887  £ 

1888  £ 

1889  £ 

1890  £ 

1891  £ 

1892  £ 

1893  £ 
1882 

1883  £ 

1884  £ 

1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 

1882 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1891 
1892 
1893 


Countries  of  immediate  shipment. 


England . 

 do 

Scotland. 
England . 

 do  .. 

.....do  .. 
....'.do  .. 
Scotland . 
England . 
Scotland . 
England . 

 do 

Scotland . 

 do  .. 

England . 
Scotland . 
England . 
Scotland . 
England . 
Scotland . 
England  . 
Scotland . 
England . 
Scotland . 
England . 
Scotland . 
England  . 

 do  .. 

Scotland . 
England  . 
Ireland . . 
England . 
......do  -. 

Scotland . 
England . 

 do  .. 

 do 

 do  .. 

 do  .. 

 do  .. 

 do 

 do  .. 

 do  .. 


Nova  Scotia,  etc  . 

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

,  do  

,  do  


Pounds. 

Total. 

2,  723,  371 

2,  723,  371 

3, 924,  516 
19,  832 

|  3,944,348 

4, 037, 537 

4,  037,  537 

3,  013, 839 

3, 013,  839 

1,  872,  813 

1,  872,  813 

2,  246, 466 

2,  246,  466 

38, 130 
48,  044 

|       86, 174 

314 
19,  043 

|       19, 357 

30, 761 

30,  761 

5,440 

5,440 

141,  895 
145,  967 

|      287, 862 

8,  613 
5,  428 

^       14, 041 

55,  395 
4,  593 

|       59, 988 

177,327 
2,  555 

|      179, 882 

7,  307 
312 

j         7, 619 

6,  994 
14,  931 

/       21, 925 

46,  686 
85,  307 

>      131,  993 

41, 193 
94,  948 

|      136, 141 

295,  239 

295, 239 

20,  327 
125,  828 

?      146, 155 

507, 011 
4,953 

>      511, 964 

144,  827 

144,  827 

1,  457,  517 

1, 457,  517 

1,  551,  062 

1,551,062 

1,  697,  825 

1,  697,  825 

1  260  210 

1  260  210 

1    919  7QQ 
Jl,      i  w,  i  VO 

1  212  793 

446  118 

446  118 

1  324,  496 

406 

406 

709 

709 

169 

169 

353 

353 

491 

491 

3,497 

3,497 

782 

782 

7,722 

7, 722 

62 

62 

355 

355 

444 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Class  2.— Combing  Wools— Continued. 


Countries  of  production. 


Mexico  

West  Indies: 

British  

Spanish— 

Porto  Rico.. 

Argentine  Republic 

Chile  

Columbia  

Peru  

China  


East  India:  British. 


Russia,  Asiatic. 
Turkey  in  Asia. 


Year. 


1889 

1883 
1885 
1886 
1887 

1885 
1886  £ 

1891 

1890 
1891 
1882 
1887 
1892 

1893  £ 

1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 

1889  \ 

1890 

1891 1 

1892 
1883 

1884  £ 

1885 
1886 
1887 


1888  j 

1889 ! 

1890 
1891 

1892  < 

1893  < 

1893 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 


1887  <{ 


Countries  of  immediate  shipment. 


Mexico  . 


British  West  Indies  . 

 do  

 do  

 do  


Porto  Rico  

Belgium  

France   

Chile  

Columbia  

France  

England  

Columbia  

Peru  

 do  

England  

China  

England  

 do  

 do  

China  

England  

China  

 do  

England  

China  

British  East  Indies 

England  

Germany  

England  

 do  

 do  

British  East  Indies . 

England  

China  

England  

 do  

 do  

British  East  Indies . 

England  

British  India,  etc. . . 

England  

 do  

England  

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

Turkey  in  Asia.  

Turkey  in  Europe  . . 

England  

France   

Belgium  


Pounds. 


78 

1,280 
709 
248 
439 


40 

40 

2,  056 
31,  748 

£       33, 804 

833 

833 

19 

19 

14 

14 

5,  323 

5,  323 

1,  635 

1,635 

41 

41 

1,  936 
85,  760 

|       87, 696 

4,  556 

4,  556 

19, 315 

19,  315 

33 

33 

1,011 

1,011 

19,  845 
6,  045 

;       25, 890 

27, 102 

27, 102 

32,  519 
7,  656 

|       40, 175 

72,  395 

72,  395 

18,  544 

18, 544 

16, 154 
2,  380 

;       18, 534 

6,  605 

6, 605 

45,  811 

45,  811 

58, 450 

58, 450 

1, 138 
18, 186 

|       19, 324 

13,  532 
2, 176 

|       15, 708 

6,  402 

6, 402 

37,  491 

37, 491 

497 
21, 193 

|       21, 690 

1,436 
8, 103 

|        9, 539 

20, 478 

20, 478 

9, 456 

9,  456 

90,  348 

90, 348 

42,  744 

42,  744 

166,  264 

166,  264 

928,  392 

928,  392 

4,  367 

3, 908 

754,  570 

769, 359 

87 

6, 427 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Class  2. — Combing  Wools — Continued. 


445 


Countries  of  production. 


Turkey  in  Asia. 


All  other  Asia. 


Turkey  in  Africa. . . 
Turkey,  1ST.  O.  S  

British  Australasia. 


Tear. 


British  Africa. 


1888  I 
[ 

1889  J 

i 

1890  £ 
1891$ 

1892 

1893 

1886 
1887 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1884 
1885 
1892 
1891 

1892  | 

1893  £ 

1884 
1885 

1886  £ 

1888 
1889 

1891^ 

1893 
1884 
1885 

1886 

1887 

1888. 

1889  ^ 
1890 
1891 1 


Countries  of  immediate  shipment. 


Germany  

England  

France  

England  

British  Africa  

Turkey  in  Europe  . . . 

England  

Turkey  in  Europe  . . 

England  

Turkey  in  Europe  . . 

Turkey  in  Asia  

France  

Germany  

Turkey  in  Europe  . . 

England  

Turkey  in  Asia  

Turkey  in  Europe  . . 

England  

 do  

 do  

China  

England  

 do  

England  

 do  

Turkey  in  Africa  . . . 

England  

Russia,  Baltic  

England  

 do  

France  

England  

 do  

British  Australasia. 

England  

 do  

 do  

 do  

British  Australasia. 

England  

 do  

 do  

British  Africa  

Germany  

England  

British  Africa  

England  

Denmark  

British  Africa  

England  

British  Africa  

England   

British  Africa  

England  

British  Africa  


Pounds. 


23 

382, 926 
3,827 

573, 081 
1,051 

16,  506 
949,  317 

30, 659 
875, 442 

1,  367 
70,  049 
10, 467 

20,  734 
3,  736 

627, 870 
24, 925 
72,  937 

639, 801 
7,266 

17,  782 
2, 329 

862 
2,958 
5,157 
J,  567 
100 
19, 342 
840 
3,992 
26, 716 

2,  663 
240, 702 

38,  312 
44, 184 
287,  563 
316, 352 
356, 167 

5,  005 
29, 134 

3, 042 

21,  290 
9,338 
'  472 
1,306 

43, 364 
75 
9,  482 
14, 946 
1,240 
361 

6,  260 
3,397 

3,  412 
10,  426 

18,  837 


Total. 


446 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Class  2. — Combing  Wools — Continued. 


Countries  of  production. 


British  Africa  

All  other  Africa  

British  possessions,  all  other 
Wool  tops  


Year. 


1892  J 

1893] 

1888 
1892 
1893 
1887 
1890 


Countries  of  immediate  shipment. 


British  Africa  . 

England  

British  Africa  . 

England  

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  


Pounds. 


45,  879 
201,  777 
87, 884 
8,  903 
969 
1,297 
2,  288 
170 
308 


Total. 


CLASS  3-CARP  K/P  WOOLS. 


Austria-Hungary . 


Azores  Islands,  etc  . 


Belgium . 


1882  ^ 

1883  £ 

f 

1884  i 

{ 

1885  5 

f 

1886  \ 

i 

I 

1887  £ 
f 

1888  \ 
I 

1889  £ 
1890 
1891  £ 
1892 

f 

1893  I 

[ 

1882 
1883 
1884 

1882  | 

1883 

1834  £ 

1885 
1886 

1887  £ 

1888  | 

1889  £ 


Austria -Hungary . . . 

England  

Erance  

England  

Austria  Hungary. . 

Erance   

England  

 do  

Germany  

Austria-Hungary . . 

England  

Germany  

Austria-Hungary. . . 

England  

Austria-Hungary . . 

England  

Germany  

Austria-Hungary. . 

England  

Austria-II  angary . . . 

 do  

England  

Austria- Hungary.  . 

 do  

England  

France   

Germany  

Azores  Islands,  etc 

 do  

 do  

Belgium  

Erance  

Belgium  

 do  

England  

Belgium  

 do  

 do  

France  

Belgium  

Italy  

Belgium  

England  


351,  728 
282, 815 

15,  953 

30, 224 
152,  815 

96, 871 
377,  688 

96, 740 

44,  585 
394,  895 
129, 288 
5,432 

81,  745 
420,  629 
5,875 

38,  368 
3,  305 
118, 375 
356,  059 

11, 977 
584,  226 

46,  289 
059,  023 
780, 945 
604, 162 
125 
178, 127 

3,  331 

5,  483 
1,  399 

11,  617 
15,  224 

1,  694 
48,  235 
29,  063 
29,  931 
133,  592 

8,  753 

6,  598 
60, 521 

4,  062 
8, 165 

46,  052 


J 

\      474, 434 
11,  977 
|      630, 515 
1,  059,  023 

1 

[  2,563,359 
I 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Class  3. — Carpet  Wools-— Continued. 


447 


Countries  of  production. 


Belgium  . 
Bulgaria. 
Denmark 


Franco. 


.Germany . 


Year. 


1891 
1889 
1882 

1883  £ 

1884  £ 


1886 


1887 
1888  £ 
1892 
1893  £ 
1882 
1883  | 
1884 

r 

1885  { 


1886 


1887^ 


1888^ 


1889  { 


1890  \ 


1891^ 


1892  < 

1893  < 

1882  < 

1883  < 


Countries  of  immediate  shipment. 


Belgium  

Austria-Hungary . 

Denmark  

 do  

England  

Denmark  

England  

Denmark  

England  

 do  

Denmark  

England  

Denmark  

 do  

England  

France  

 do  

England  

France  

 do  

Belgium  

England  

Scotland  

France  

England  

Germany  

Scotland  

Italy  

France  

Belgium  

England  

Scotland  

France  

Belgium  

England  

Germany  

Scotland  

Italy  

France  

England  

Scotland  

France  

England  

Italy  

France  

England  

France  

England  

France  

England  

Germany  

England  

Germany  

England .......  r... 


Pounds. 


13, 100 
11, 296 
19, 786 
50 

16,164 
252,  679 
35,  746 
26,  951 
1,586 

5,  380 
26, 887 

9, 996 
3, 755 
11,  285 

15,  337 
370,  966 
908,  633 

1,190 
380.  900 
032,  677 
8,  257 
21,  709 
47, 487 
924, 560 
314, 594 
4,  273 
85, 385 
87, 671 
211,  461 
69, 835 
436, 419 
176,  660 
,  191, 414 
65, 897 
321.  991 

16,  428 
84,  881 

8,  061 
832,  307 
707, 841 
246,  029 
164, 160 
033, 336 
1,  500 
, 610,  527 
351, 995 
343,  764 
20,  8S1 
630,  575 
279,  257 

6,  216 
30, 051 

75 
30, 843 


448 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Class  3. — Carpet  Wools — Continued. 


Countries  of  production. 


Germany  . 


Gibraltar  . 
Greece  


Greenland,  etc. 


Year. 


1884  ^ 

i 

I 
\ 

1885  \ 

{ 

1886  | 

1887  ^ 

1888 1 

1889  £ 
1890 

1891 

1892  £ 

1893  | 
1892 
1882  £ 

1883^ 

1884  | 

1887 

1882 
1883 


1884  < 

i 

1885 

1886^ 

1887 
1888 

1889  | 

1890  5 

1891  £ 
1892 

1893  | 


Countries  of  immediate  shipment 


Germany  

Belgium  

England  

Germauy  

England  

France  

Germany  

England  

Germany  

England  

Germany  

England  .  *  

France  

Netherlands  

Germany  

England  

Germany  

England  

Scotland  

Germany  

Austria-Hun  gary . 

England  

Germany  

England  

Germany  

England  

Gibraltar  

England  

France  

Austria-Hungary . 

France  

Austria-Hungary . 

France  

Austria-Hungary . 

England  

 do  

Denmark  

England  

Ireland  

England  

 do  

Scotland  

England  

 do  

 do  

Scotland  

Denmark  

England  

Greenland,  etc  

England  

 do  

Denmark  

England  

Germany  ......... 


Pounds. 


82, 642 
23, 476 
34, 131 
130,  541 
121,  781 
4,  577 
209, 287 
507, 162 
92,  079 
382,  957 
133,  543 
249, 128 
10, 086 
9, 122 
361,  286 
498,  352 
500,  947 
179,  524 
38, 101 
318, 931 
57,  399 
111, 007 
79,  632 
10,  858 
946,  432 
47,  090 
90 
4, 674 
27,  015 
44, 432 
27,164 
35,  009 
22,  859 
10,  070 
156,  270 
284, 132 
12,  043 
310,  054 
19,  595 
58, 387 
504, 184 
17, 312 
608,  012 
351,  200 
134,113 
2,  457 
40,  662 
23, 442 
265,  523 
86,  476 
495, 106 
54,  030 
895,  373 
1, 500 


WOOL  AND   MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Class  3. — Carpet  Wools — Continued. 


449 


Countries  of  production. 


Year. 


Italy. 


Netherlands  . 


'Poland. . . 
Portugal. 


1882  I 

I 

1884 
1885 

1886  | 

1887  £ 

1888  £ 


1892< 


1882  5 


1 892  < 


Countries  of  immediate  shipment.  Pounds. 


Total. 


1887  < 

1888 
1889 
1889 
1882 
1883 

1884  | 

1885 
1886 

1887  | 

1888  | 

1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 

Koumania   1886  j 

1887? 


1888  | 


Russia,  Baltic  and  White 
3eas, 


1882 


1883  5  i 


Italy  

France  

Italy  

England 

France  

Italy  

 do  

 do  

England  .... 

Italy  

England  

Italy  

England  

Italy  

 do  

England 

France  

Italy  

England  

Italy  

England  

France  

Netherlands 
England  

 do  

Netherlands 
England  

 do  

 do  

 do  

France  

England  

 do  

 do  

Spain  

Portugal  

England  

 do  ... 

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

Italy  

England  

Italy  

England  

Italy  

Belgium  

Denmark  . . . 

England  

France  

Denmark  . . 


H.  Mis.  91—20 


*  |  England . 


Ill, 

t 

17, 
2. 
11. 
34. 


607, 
838, 
904. 
1 

494, 
594, 
684, 


232. 

400. 

339, 
36. 
41 
93. 
14. 
29, 
6, 
43, 
26, 
16, 

157. 

970, 
1 , 406, 
50, 

266, 
3,  +36, 


,  017  ) 
,195  li 
,692  h 
, 767  \\ 
,262  J 
015 
488 
158 


J 

141  > 

873  I  ) 
065  > 

619  |  ) 
604  I  J 
444  j 
200  h 

910  j 

620  j 
220  > 
587  * 
902  ) 
148  U 
498  1  j 

62 
184 
298 
764 
236 
697 
791 
363 
323 
595 
519 
313 
926 
138 
828 
468 
956 
470 
454  I 
673 
524 
053 
104 
157 
636 
079 
371  h 
577  ^  ! 
332  ! 
661  j 
627  ? 


71,212 

46,  721 

111,015 
488 

18,  299 

13,  938 

92,  223 
444 

24, 730 
13,  807 
142,  543 

45, 246 

11,298 
73,  764 
8.  236 
607.  697 
838,  791 

905,  686 

494,  595 
594,  519 

685,  239 

232,  966 

400,  468 
339,  956 
36,  470 
41 , 454 
93, 673 

43, 577 
49,261 
42,715 


2,  584,  941 


2,  403,  059 


450 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Class  3.— Carpet  Wools— Continued. 


Count  iios  of  production. 


Tear. 


Russia,  Baltic- 
Seas. 


Russia,  Black  Sea  . 


Countries  of  immediate  shipment. 


and   While      1884 -i 


1886  <! 


1887 


1888 


1889  <! 


I 

r 

1832  < 


Belgium  

Denmark  

England  

France  

Scotland  

Russia,  Baltic,  etc  . . 

Belgium  

Denmark  

England  

Germany  

Russia,  Baltic,  etc  . . 

Belgium  

Denmark  

England  

France   

Germany  

Russia,  Baltic,  etc  . . 

Denmark  

England  

France   

Germany  

Netherlands  

Sweden  and  Norway 
Russia,  Baltic,  etc  . . 

England  

France  

Germany  

Netherlands  

Russia,  Baltic,  etc. . . 

Belgium  

England  

France  

Germany  

Russia,  Baltic,  etc. . . 

England  

Germany  

Russia  -  , 

England  

Russia,  Blaek  Sea  . . 
Russia,  Baltic,  etc  . . 

Belgium  

England  

France.  ... 

Russia,  Black  Sea  . . 
Russia,  Baltic,  etc. . . 
Austria-Hungary. . . 

England  

France  

Germany  

Russia,  Black  Sea .  - . 
Austria-Hungary  -  -  - 

Denmark  

England  

France  

Italy..,  T... 


Pounds. 


117, 106 
441,954 

1,  575,  680 

31,  781 
3,  003 
207,  642 
149,  787 
548, 771 

2,  890, 114 
166,  704 
192,  965 
106, 299 
140, 160 

5,  441,  301 
565, 324 
197,  689 
139, 432 
253, 444 

3, 183, 180 
592,  556 
410,  205 
39,  460 
46,  757 

21,  907 

6,  529, 128 
465,  384 

80,  584 
54, 163 
492, 013 
1,027 

3,  632,  750 
289,  834 
317, 978 

1,  271,  248 
2,113,437 

13,  297 
8,  073, 243 

2,  833,  828 
140, 112 

11,  416,  831 
1,856 

5,  420,  938 
202,  658 

20.  893 

6,  344, 137 

22,  943 
8,  280,  430 

182, 188 
56,  682 
141, 429 
103,  724 
65, 127 
9, 195,  412 
611,  373 
2, 531 


)■  3,963,018 


)■  6,643,738 


[  3,307,982 


) 

11,  047,  183 


.  17,  063. 170 


14,  886,  380 


.  10, 119, 596. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Class  3.— Carpet  Wools— Continued. 


451 


Countries  of  production. 


Russia,  Black  Sea  . 


Year. 


Total. 


Spain . 


452 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Class  3. — Carpet  Wools — Continued. 


Countries  of  production. 


Spain . 


Her  via . 


Switzerland 


Turkey  in  Europe  . 


Year. 


1886^ 

1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 

1893  { 

1890 


1891 

1892 
1893  ^ 

f 

•  1889  1 

I 

1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 

f 

1882  j 
I 
f 

1S83 

1884  \ 

[ 
( 

1885  J 


1886  ' 


1S87^ 


1888<! 


Countries  of  imuiediate  shipment. 


Spain  

England   

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

Spain  

.-...do  

 do  

England  

Germany  

Austria-Hungary 

England  

Germany   

England  

Germany  

Netherlands  

Austria-  H  u  n  gary . 

Germany  

Switzerland  

Belgium  ...   

England  

Switzerland  

 do  

England  

Switzerland  

Turkey  in  Europe 

England  

Italy   

Turkey  in  Europe 

England  

France  

Italy  

Turkey  in  Europe 

England  

France  

Italy  

England  

France  

Italy  

Turkey  in  Europe 
Belgium 
England 
France 

Turkey  in  Euro} 
Belgium 
England 
France 
Germany 
Italy 

Turkey  in  Europe 
England 
France 
Italy 


Pounds. 


Total. 

132,  264 

28,  378 
40,  387 
257,  978 
32,  837 
28 
117 

30,  903 

28,  381 

35,  246 

90,  087 
48,  001 

25, 427 

35,  685 
51,703 
17,  070 
42, 120 

701,332 
L,  920,  341 


660,987 


446,  381 


004,  545 


1, 373, 207 


2,  272, 453 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Class  3. — Carpet  Wools — Continued. 


453 


Countries  of  production. 


Turkey  in  Europe  . 


Year. 


Countries  of  immediate  shipment. 


1889 


United  Kingdom: 
England  , 


1890 


1891 «{ 

( 

r 

1892  J 


Scotland . 


1893  ^ 

1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 

1886? 


18S7  { 

I 

1888  £ 
( 

1889  \ 

[ 

1890  { 

1891  { 

1892 
1893 

1882  5 

1883  | 

1884  ^ 

1885  f 


1886  £ 


1887 


Turkey  in  Europe  . 
Austria- Hungary  -  - 

Belgium  

England  

France   

Germany  

Italy  

Netherlands  

Turkey  in  Europe  - 

England  

France   

Italy  

Turkey  in  Asia. . . . 
Turkey  in  Europe  . 

England  

France   

Turkey  in  Europe  . 

England  

Germany  

Turkey  in  Europe . 
France  


England  

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

Scotland  

England  

Belgium  

Scotland  

Nova  Scotia  . 

England  

Scotland  

England  

Netherlands  . 

Scotland  

England  

Scotland  

England  

Scotland  

England  

 do  

Scotland  

England  

Scotland  

England  

Scotland  

England  

Scotland  

England  

Scotland  

England  

Scotland  

England  


Pounds. 

261,  248 
118, 753 
63, 188 
1,141,314 

407,  380 
90,  359 
154,  982 
5,214 
219,  693 
1,  406, 185 
50,  805 
56, 606 
330 
669,840  | 
650,427  j 
129,122  | 
595,888  ' 
1,459,038  | 
11,738  j 
1, 115,  499 
81,  025 

1,  769, 129 
1.776,413 
1.  285,  500 
1,  448,  496 

3,  724,  637 
144,  013 

4,  373,  868 

7,285 
130,  976 
5,  925 
4, 760,  933 
5,  467 

5,  940, 140 

3,  531 
457,  327 
5,160,  838 
32, 979 
3,  009,  994 
12, 100 
454,  001 
1, 512,  962 
1,671,642 
478,  391 
1, 197,  984 

1,  065,  461 

3,  988,  329 

2,  406,  015 

4,  009,  624 
1,  324,  659 

5,  284,  807 

1,  696,  023 

2,  832,  875 
2,  477,  469 


454 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Class  3. — Carpet  Wools — Continued. 


Countries  of  production. 


United  Kingdom— Cont'd. 
Scotland  


Ireland  . 


Dominion  of  Canada: 
.Nova  Scotia,  etc . . 
West  Indies : 

British  


Danish 


Dutch  . 


Year. 


1888  I 

1889  | 

1890  | 
1891 1 
3892  | 

1893  5 

3882 
1883 
1885 

1886  j 

1888 
1889 

1889 

J  882  | 

1883 

1884  j 

1885 
1886 

1887  \ 

1890  | 

1391 
1892 
1393 
1890 
1891 

1 3S2  \ 

1883 

1884] 

1885 
1886 

1887  | 

1888 

1889  | 

1890 
1891. 
1892 
1893 


Countries  of  immediate  shipment. 


Pounds. 


Scotland   2,  274,  552 

England   1, 137,  026 

Scotland   4,  808,  767 

England   3,  686, 153 

Scotland  j  3,145,493 

England  j  1,999,329 

Scotland  1  4, 188,  085 

England  |  2,943,816 

Scotland   3,026,556 

England  j  2, 142,  423 

Scotland  j  7,  273,  016 

England  J  3,180,954 

 do  j  46,334 

 do  j  160,544 

 do  j  27,969 

 do  |  24,708 

Scotland  .  '  2,640 

England  I  156,  393 

 do  i  26,628 


Total. 


.do. 


.British  West  Indies  . 

England  

 do  

British  West  Indies  . 

England  

British  West  Indies  . 

 do  

 do  

England  

British  West  Indies  . 

England  

British  West  Indies . 

 do  

 do  

Danish  West  Indies. 

 do  

Dutch  West  Indies  . . 

Italy  

Dutch  West  Indies.. 

 do  

England  

Dutch  West  Indies.. 

 do  

 do  

Venezuela  

Dutch  West  Indies  . . 

 do  

Venezuela  

Dutch  West  Indies  .. 

 do  

 do  

 do  


11,  934 


|  3,411,578 
|  8,494,920 
j  5,144,822 
}  7,131,901 
5  5,168,979 
{  10,  453,  970 


2,  697 
256 

X         2. 953 

5 

192,  798 

192,  798 

200 
200 

I  400 

289 

289 

1,  957 

1,  957 

191 
17,  421 
*  200 

32,  593 

|       17, 612 

|       32, 793 

25 

25 

1,928 

1,  928 

76 

76 

357 

357 

150 

150 

35,  504 
2, 188 

|       37, 692 

22,  6C0 

22,  600 

32,  374 
400 

|       32, 774 

26,  201 

26,  201 

12, 052 

12, 052 

13, 372 
4,262 

}       17, 634 

23,  303 

23,  303 

16, 491 
45 

j       16, 536 

14, 984 

14,  984 

12,  811 

12,811 

11,  723 

11,723 

24,  047 

24,  047 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Class  3. — Carpet  Wools — Continued. 


455 


Countries  of  production. 


Year 


Total. 


West  Indies— Continued . 
Spanish— Cuba  


Mexico  . 


Argentine  Republic   1882 

18815 


Brazil  . 


Chile  . 


456 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Class  3. — Carpet  Wools— Continued. 


Countries  of  production. 


Year. 


Chile   1883  | 


1884; 
1885 


Countries  of  immediate  shipment. 


Colombia 
Ecuador . 

Peru  

Uruguay 


Venezuela  . 


1886 -j 

I 

1887  { 

1888  { 

1889  { 

\ 

1890  ■[ 


1891  \ 

1892  { 

1893  \ 

1882 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1892 
1882 
1884 
1885 
1888 
1882 

1883  £ 

1884 
1885 
1886 

1887  | 

1888^ 

1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
188G 
1887 
1888 


Pounds. 


Total. 


Chile  

England  

France  | 

Chile  

England  

Chile   1. 

 do  |  1, 

England  

Peru  

Chile  1   % 

England  

Chile   1. 

England    

Chile  

England  

Chile   1 

British  North  America  

England  

Chile  i 

England  

Chile  

England  t.  

Chile  

England   1 

Colombia  

Ecuador  

Colombia  j 

Ecuador   

 do  | 

Peru  j 

 do  j 

..r...do  | 

England  

Uruguay  !  1 

 .do  j  1 

England  

Uruguay  !  1 

 do  |  1 

 do  j 

 do  j 

Brazil    

Uruguay   

Brazil  

Uruguay  

 do  ! 

 do  

 do  

 do  

Venezuela  

 do  


.  do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
do 
.do 


891,788  h 
129,  279  j  I 
2,015  [J 
868,  879  j  > 
439, 126  ;  > 
702,697  I 
785.198  n 
102,650  :  \ 
150.138  |J 
008,  617  !  i 

112.675  |  5 
585,  724  j  ^ 

699, 950  > 

84,  358  |  5 

445,280  1 
71, 157 

118, 516  j 

925, 026  j 

33, 693  I 

717. 676  j 
58, 726  5 

495, 416  } 
148, 498  3 
5,  700 
125 
101 
1,087 
648 
183,896 
4,094 
31,  672 
1L,  193 
249, 583 
172,  267 
11,  895 
160, 732 
250, 693 
492,  958 
312, 743 
35, 841 
826,  089 
70,  860 
155, 073 
84,  569 
44,  926 
106, 855 
43, 052 
8,  068 
8, 160 
8,  917 
14,  386 
13, 156 
13,  817 
1,  445 


1,  023,  082 

1.308,005 
1,702,697 

2,  037,  986 

2,  121,  292 
1,921,056 

784,  308 


}  1,634,953 

958, 719 
776,  402 


1,  643,  914 

5,  700 
125 
101 
1,  087 
648 
183,  896 
4,  094 
31,  672 
11, 193 
1,  249,  583 

1, 184, 162 

1, 160, 732 
1,  250,  693 
492,  958 

348,  584 

896,  949 

155,  073 
84,  569 
44,  926 
106,  855 
43,  052 
8,068 
8, 160 
8,  91 7 
14,  386 
13, 156 
13,817 
1,445 


WOOL   AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL 
( !  la  ss  3 . — C a  u i »et  Wools— Gout i n  ned. 


457 


Countries  of  production. 


Venezuela  . 


Year. 


South  America,  all  other. 
China  


East  Tndier. 
British. 


1889  j 

1891 

1892 
189:: 
1 883 

1882  | 
1MB  5 


1885 


1880  | 


1887  ■ 


1888 


Countries  of. immediate  shipment.       Pounds,   j  Total. 


1890 


1891  ; 


1892  ■{ 


1893  j 

r 

1882  J 

I 

r 

1883  J 

I 

1884 
1885  5 


Venezuela  

Dutch  West  Indies  . . 

Venezuela  

 do  

 do  

Eu  gland  

China  

England  

China  

England  

China  

England  

China  

England  

China  

England  

China  

England  

France  

Germany  

Hongkong  

Italy  

China  

England  

Hongkong  

China   

British  East  Indies.  . 

England  

Hongkong  

China  

England  

France  

China  

England  

France  

Hongkong  

China  

British  East  Indies  . . 

England  

France  

China  

England  

British  West  Indies  . 

England  

France  

British  East  Indies  .  - 

England  

Scotland  

England  

British  East  Indies  . . 

England  

 do  

France  

Scotland  


3,  693 
1,028 
7,  364 
16,  649 
22,  022 

12,  339 
141,249 
142,  600 
389,  958 
309,  406 
691,415 
504,  684 
855,  608 
380,  216 

1,872.  889 

1,  657,  492 

2,  047,  067 
393.  363 

59,  933 
500,  585 
556,  018 

48,  903 
4. 177,910 
846,125 

89. 785 

5,  013,  776 

2,  777 
1, 199,  994 
50,  912 
8,  273,  354 
392.  731 
38,  898 

10.  468,  543 
548,  314 

10, 467 

13,  315 
13,  482,  291 

135,  650 
1.  029,  686 
22,  829 
20, 132,  017 
1,003,  774 

18,  040 

3,  645, 174 

6,  767 
318,926 

4,  105,  408 

66,493  | 

6,  107,  612 

21,455 
4,604,763 

1 1 ,  493, 184 

69, 265 
47, 125 


4,721 

7,  36 1 
16,  649 
22,  022  . 
12.  339 

283, 849 
699,  364 
1, 196,  099 


]  1,235,824 


3,  530,  381 


3,  605.  869 


V  5,113,820 


\  6,267,459 


)■  8,  704,  983 

J 

1 

I 

1-11,040,  639 
J 

V 

}  14,  670,  456 


>  21, 135,  791 


3,  669,  981 


►  4,490,827 

6,  107,  612 
|  4,626,218 

.  11,  609,  574 


458 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES   OF  WOOL. 
Class  3. — Carpet  Wools — Continued. 


Countries  of  production. 


East  Indies— Continued. 
British  


Year. 


f 

1887  \ 

) 

I 
f 


188!) 


1890  < 


Dutch  . 


Not  &i)ccifiod  . 


India  not  specified 
Japan   

Russia,  Asiatic  


1892? 

1893  £ 

1888 
1891 

1889  £ 

1890  £ 

1891  £ 

1892 
1893 
1S91 
1888 
1891 
1893 
1887 


1889  < 


1890 


1891 


1892 ' 


Countries  of  immediate  shipment. 


British  East  Indies  

England  

France  

Scotland  

Belgium  

England  

France  

Scotland  

British  East  Indies  

Belgium  

England  

France  

Germany  

Scotland  

British  East  Indies  

England  

France  

Scotland  

British  East  Indies  

England  

France  

British  East  Indies   

England  

British  India  and  East  Indies  

England  

 do  '.  

 do  

 do  

France  

England  

France   

England  

France  

England  

 do  

England  

Japan   

England  

Japan   

France   

England   

France   

Russia,  Asiatic  

England  

France  

England  

France   

Germany  

Russia,  Baltic  and  White  Seas  

England  

Germany  

Russia,  Baltic  and  White  Seas  

Russia,  A  siatic  

England  

Russia,  Baltic  and  White  Seas  


Pounds. 


12 


75,  268 
738,  506 

52,  921 
157, 320 

28,  778 
068, 119 

58,  307 
103, 466 
296,  622 

37,  874 
841,535 
3,095 
8,  596 

19, 345 
139, 318 
071,  764 
416,  274 
8,  395 

54, 131 
724, 698 

73, 199 
211,  926 
613,  ^58 
460, 137 
302, 230 

16,  097 
100 

169,  860 
3,248 
245,  626 
50,  097 
278,  290 
114,  535 
063,  498 
550,  207 
7,  073 

17,  415 
3,  406 
1,252 

44,  439 
345,  782 
395,  599 
110, 103 
145,  465 
92,  295 
64,100 
41,  664 
12,  297 

86,  278 
5,  290 

16,  909 

87,  969 
71, 933 

270,  646 
222, 368 


F 


1,  564,  947 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Class  3. — Carpet  Wools — Continued. 


459 


Countries  of  production. 


Year. 


Russia,  Asiatic   1893 


Turkey  in  Asia. 


1882 


1883  . 


1884 


1885 


1886  { 


1887-! 


Countries  of  immediate  shipment. 


1888 


1889-^ 


1890 


Russia,  Asiatic  

England  

France   

Germany  

Russia,  Baltic  and  White  Seas 

Russia,  Black  Sea  

Turkey  in  Europe  

England  '  

France   

Turkey  in  Asia  

England  

France  

Nova  Scotia  

Turkey  in  Asia  

England  

France   

Italy  

Turkey  in  Asia  

England  

France   

Italy  

Scotland  

Turkey  in  Asia  

Belgium  

England  

France  

Italy  

Turkey  in  Asia  

England  

France   

Italy  

Scotland  

Turkey  in  Europe  

Turkey  in  Asia  

Belgium  

England  

France  

Germany  

Italy  

Netherlands  

Turkey  in  Asia  

England  

France  

Germany  

Italy  

Turkey  in  Asia  

England  

France   

Germany  

Russia,  Baltic,  etc  

Turkey  in  Europe  


Pounds. 


85, 129 
549,  000 
744, 914 
5, 424 
232, 454 
832, 889 
150, 475 
003,  519 
039,  271 
575,  042 
485,  860 
097,  688 

29, 209 
112,  447 
453,  561 
729,  294 

39, 129 
500,  009 
942,  722 
733, 760 
149, 147 
3,453 
791,  830 

45,  852 
895,  995 
553, 423 

28,  736 
448,  312 
881, 486 
179, 848 

10, 642 
176,  634 

33, 471 
176, 511 

64,  498 
227, 416 
031,  316 

44, 180 

88,  581 

10, 100 
938, 274 
507, 008 
203,  912 

87,  744 

98, 354 
594,  665 
088, 508 
513, 440 
6,  560 
118,  793 
152, 386 


460 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Class  3* — Carpet  Wools— Continued. 


Countries  of  production,    j  Year. 


Countries  of  immediate  shipment. 


Turkey  in  Asia. 


Asia,  all  other . 


1 892 


1893  < 


1SS2  | 
1883  £ 


1884  ^ 
1885 

f 

[ 
f 

1887  ' 
1888 

1889 


1890 


1891 


1892 


Turkey  in  Asia  

Austria-Hungary  

England  

France   

.Russia,  Baltic,  ete  

Turkey  in  Europe  

Turkey  in  Asia  

England  

France  

Turkey  in  Europe  

Turkey  in  Asia  

England  

France  

Germany  

Turkey  in  Europe  

England  

France  

England  

France  

England  

France  

England  

Asia,  all  other  

England  

France  

England  

France  

Russia,  Black  Sea  

British  Australasia  

England  

France   

Scotland  

England  

France   

Russia,  Black  Sea  

Turkey  in  Asia  

Arabia  

England  

France  

Germany  

Persia  

Russia,  Baltic  and  White  Seas.. 

Russia,  Black  Sea  

Turkey  in  Asia  

England  

France  

Russia,  Baltic  and  White  Seas . . 

Arabia  

England  

France  

Russia,  Baltic  and  White  Seas. 
Russia,  Black  Sea  


Pounds. 


1,995,747  ^ 
24,  386  !  j 
8,  047,  920  ;  J 

2.  320,  917 
102, 935 

77,  864 

3,  484,  496 
5,  879,  589 
3,  759,  405 

752,  232  |  J 
8,424,811 
5,  956, 136 
3,  584, 418 
14,  435 
986, 114 
2, 127, 343 
184,  081 
400, 415 
217, 218 
2,  062,  661 
540,  955 
841,858 
419, 086 

1,  226, 104 
263, 939 

2, 197, 414 
321,750 
42,  561 
10, 829 
933,  066 
388,  804 
4,  835 

2,  765,  551 
427,  905 

49, 262 
139, 012 
80,  735 
2,  423, 346 
540, 353 
1,  548 
66,  056 
228,  953 
44,  769 
583,  571 
2,  733,  310 
1,  033,  089 
645, 947 
192,  569 
402, 953 
1,  022,  594 
491,  898 
287, 755 


Total. 


12,  509,  769 

1 
I 

}  13,  875.  722 

I 

) 

)■  18, 965,  914 

|  2.311,424 

|      617, 033 

j  2,603.010 
841,  858 

i 

I  1,909,129 
J 

|  2.501,725 
J 

}  1.337,534 

J 

j  3,381,730 


3,  969,  331 


4, 412,  346 


2,  397,  769 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Class  3. — Carpet  Wools— Continued. 


461 


Countries  of  production. 


tear. 


Asia,  all  other. 


Countries  of  immediate  shipment. 


Pounds,  j  Total. 


Asia,  all  other. 
British  Africa 
England  


British  Australasia 


British  AM 


French  Africa  . 


Turkey  in  Africa . 


18931 


1884 
1886 
1887 
188!) 
1890 

i  893 
188:: 
1884 
1885 

1880  \ 
18S7  { 

1888  j 

I 

1889 
1891 1 

1892  { 

1893  { 

1882 
1883 
1889 
1891 
1892 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 


1888  : 


1889  < 


189(1 


1893 


Germany  

Russia,  Baltic  and  White  Seas 

Russia,  Black  Sea  

England  

 do  

 do  

British  Australasia  

England  

 do  


[iritis 


England  

 do  

 do  

France  

England  

France  

British  Africa  

England  

French  Africa  

England  

British  Africa  

England  

British  Africa  

England  

British  Africa  

England  

French  Africa  

France  

French  Africa  

 do  

France  

England  

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  

Italy  , 

Spain  

Turkey  in  Africa  . 

England  

Italy  

Turkey  in  Africa. 

England  

France  

England  

Turkey  in  Africa . 

England  

Turkey  in  Africa. 


17, 
610, 
301, 
2 

I,  109, 
210, 
201, 
49, 
21, 
85, 
21, 
61, 
13. 
42, 
3, 
07, 
91. 
248, 
27, 


18, 
3, 
1, 
1, 
39, 
406, 
227, 

12, 
2 

4, 

2 

358, 
239, 
911, 
499, 
588, 
497, 


583  ! 
711  | 
902 
405 
242  i 
202  ; 
687  J 
365 
193. 
525 
791 
237  | 
995  j 
943  ! 
088  | 
295  j 
225  !  ^ 
732  > 
417  L 
958  j  5 
322  ! ") 
745  ' 
960 
611 
949  |  . 
246  1  > 
497  !  > 
053  |  > 
928  |  > 
897  |  > 
228 


33, 
347, 
1, 

12, 
221, 

154, 
59, 
10, 
44, 


241. 
446 

368 
324 
987 
507 
594 
236 
346 
200 
,  596 
259 
779 
348 
528 
327 

71  ! 
826 
405  ! 
662  ! 
218 


2,  260.  732 


201 .  365 
49, 193 
21,  525 
85,791 
21,237 
61.995 
13.  943 
42,  088 
3.  295 

158, 957 
276,  375 

31,  027 

18,  611 
5, 195 

40,  550 

634,  825 

.  228 
12,  689 
2,  241 
4, 446 
2,  368 
358, 324 
239, 987 
911, 507 
499,  594 
587,  236 

502,  142 


y  382,386 

j 

) 

)■  233, 926 
j 

154.  826 
I       70,  or, 7 
44, 218 


462 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Class  3.— Carpet  Wools— Continued. 


Countries  of  production. 


Afri«a,  all  other . 


British  Possessions,  all  other. 


Russia,  not  specified. 


Turkey,  not  specified  . 


Year. 


1882 
1887 

1888 

1889 

1892  £ 

1893 1 

1882 
1885 
1888 
1891 
1889 

f 

1890  \ 

{ 

1891 1 
1892 

r 

1893  { 

I 

1889  | 
f 

1890  \ 
{ 
i 

1891  ^ 
\ 

1892 
1893  £ 


r 

All  other  countries  '    1890  i 

{ 


1891, 


1892  \ 


Countries  of  immediate  shipment. 


Africa,  all  other  

England  

Africa,  all  other  

England  

Turkey  in  Africa  

England  

Russia,  Baltic,  etc  

Russia,  Black  Sea  

Africa,  all  other  

Germany  

England  

 do  

France   

British  Possessions,  all  other  . . 

England  

 do  

Russia,  Baltic  and  White  Seas- 
Russia,  Black  Sea  

England  

Russia,  Baltic  and  White  Seas 

England  

 do  

France  

Russia,  Baltic  and  White  Seas 

Germany  

Turkey  in  Asia  

England  

Germany  

Turkey  in  Europe  

England  

Germany  

Netherlands  

England  

 do  

France  

China  

England  

Scotland  

Dutch  West  Indies  

England  

Russia,  Baltic,  etc  

Turkey  in  Europe  

England  

Russia,  Baltic  

Turkey  in  Asia  


Pounds. 


325 
3, 186 

2,  476 
3, 158 
1,188 

11, 195 
51,  306 
105,  296 
118 
13, 173 

85,  097 
113,  388 

1,313 

3,  372 
69,  440 

199,  667 
241,  876 
920,  750 
173,  792 

60,  717 
108,  324 
294,  328 
100,  286 

41,  568 
151,  246 
660 

14, 149 
9,945 

69,  929 
143,  945 

25,875 

33,  648 

69,  307 
105,  305 
225, 472 
365 
232,  354 

31,  292 
1,362 
280,  549 
342,  717 

57,  662 

86, 168 
301,  492 

86,  251 


Total. 

325 
3,  186 

) 

6,  822 

J 

11,  195 

|  156, 602 
|       13, 291 

85,  097 
113, 388 
1,313 
3,  372 

69,  440 

1 

[  1,362,293 

J 

|      234, 509 
108, 324 

1 

}-      436, 182 


}  151, 900 

] 

|  94, 023 

) 

j-  203, 468 

69,  307 

]  330, 777 

] 

[  264,011 


682,  290 


473,911 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


463 


Recapitulation  of  Total  Quantities  and  Kinds  of  Raw  Wool  Imported  at 
the  Ports  of  New  York,  Boston,  and  Philadelphia  during  each  Year  from 
1882  to  1893. 


Years  ending  June  30 — 

Class  1.  

Clothing 
wools. 

Class  2.  

Combing 
wools. 

Class  3.— 
Carpet  wools. 

Total. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

1 882 

lo,  937,  2<4 

2,  o48,  31o 

46,  4o7,  o4o 

64,  753,  233 

1683  . 

19    Don  HTl 

lo,  oJ9,  7<0 

2,  24o,  J  U4: 

r.i   Kin  nan 

oi,  oiu,  /yy 

b / , 593, 673 

1884  

ll  ,  177,  rfOO 

4, 391, 141 

52,  502,  425 

74, 071 , 272 

1885 

10,  «^48,  033 

2,  820,  074 

54,  oil,  122 

67,  779,  229 

1886 

37, 143, 575 

7,  626, 155 

78,  353,  201 

123,  122,  931 

1887.-.. 

15,  064,  659 

10, 168, 344 

83,  472,  499 

108,  705,  502 

1888  .. 

21,  372,  468 

5,  435, 127 

85,  174,  498 

111,  982,  093 

1889.... 

27,  591,  765 

6,  954,  975 

89,  613,  031 

124, 159,  771 

1890 

15,  492, 107 

7,  274,  173 

80, 152,  484 

102,  918,  764 

1891.... 

30,  739,  018 

5,  723,  837 

87,  983,  518 

124,  446,  373 

1892  .. 

48,  735,  854 

4,  948,  212 

92,  769,  089 

146,  453, 155 

1893.... 

42,  064,  844 

5,  449,  984 

117,  403,  712 

164,  918,  540 

SHEEP  AND  LAMBS. 


H.  Mis.  94  30 


465 


SHEEP  AND  LAMBS. 

The  Number  of  Sheep  and  Lambs  and  Goats  of  the  various  Countries  of 
the  World  at  the  dates  named. 


[From  the  Report  of  the  U.   S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  January-February,  1893:  and  "Thfl 
Wool  Book,"  1892.   By  S.  N.  D.  North.] 


COUNTRIES. 

Year. 

Sheep  and 
lambs. 

Goats. 

Year. 

Sheep  and 
lambs. 

Goal  s. 

North  America. 

1870 
1875 
1880 
1885 
1890 

40,  853,  000 
33,  783,  600 
40, 765, 900 
50, 360,  243 
44,  336,  072 

• 

1893  i      47,  273,  553 

1861 
1871 
1881 

2, 399,  799 
3, 155.  509 
3,  048,  678 

 ■—.||  1  

 =  

....           .....  J  

1891          'I.  693.  751 

1881 
1881 
1881 
1889 
1881 
1881 
1891 

QQ(\  Q'JO 

88i),  ooo 

221.163 
377,  801 
31,341 
166,  496 
27,  788 
64,  920 

Manitoba  

Prince  Edward  Island  

Total  Canada  

3,  473,  093 

1884 
1891 
1891 
1885 
1888 
1891 
1887 

40,  326 
2,  000,  000 
2,  775 
460,  426 
9,  530 
14,100 
18,  994 

^Mexico 

30,  370 
9,  270 

5,  896 

Total  North  America  

53,  292,  797 

45,  536 

South  America. 
Argentine  Republic  

1884 
1883 

85,619,  836 

3,  000,  000 

1888 
1891 
1891 
1883 
1890 
1885 
1891 

66.  701,  097 
500,  000 
2,  500,  000 
41,  696 
369 
203 
62,  920 

1,  969,  765 

610, 147 

506 
337 
14,  656 

Paraguay  

1886 
1860 
1884 
1873 
1883 

32,  351 
1,  989,  929 
15,  921,  069 
al,  128,  273 
a  3, 490,  563 

Uruguay  

1889 

22,  989,  600 

23,  700 

1888 

a  5,  727,  500 

a  Including  goats. 

4G7 


468  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


The  Number  of  Sheep  and  Lambs,  etc. — Continued. 


COUNTRIES. 

Tear. 

Sheep  and 

la  III  KJ!y  • 

Goats. 

Year. 

Sheep  and 
lambs. 

Goats. 

South  America— Continued. 
Curacao  and  dependencies,  exclu- 

1890 
1889 
1891 

51,  096 
312 
667,  344 

74,  771 
1,  725 

99,242,137  S  2,695,697 

Europe. 

Austria-Hungary : 

Hungary  a  

Croatia  and  Slavonia  

1880 
1880 

9,  838, 133 
3,841,340 

666, 166 
J  ,  UUD,  O  i  0 

1884 
1890 
1880 

10,  594,  831 
3, 186,  787 
588,  638 

270, 192 
1,  035,  832 
99,  424 

Total  Austria-Hungary  

1 

14,  370,  256 

1,  405.  448 

i 

1880 
1879 
1888 
1888* 

365,  400 

6,  872,  000 
1,  225, 196 

248,  755 
522, 123 
1,204,000 
13,  405 

Bosnia  and  Herzegovina  

1881 
1882 
1885 
1873 
1877 
1875 

1,  548,  613 

21,  634,  716 

22,  616,  547 
24,  999,  406 

2,  921,  917 
6.  677.  104 

9,  331 
1,497, 114 
1,483,342 
2,  320,  002 
1,  836,  663 

1,  688,  478 

2,  016,  307 
114,  939 
136,  930 
157, 658 

Italy    

1891 
1883 
(c) 

21,791,909 
19, 189,  715 

O,  40-1,  U04 

1,  480,  229 

2,  640,  994 

O   Kin.  n'-n 
<S,  510,  9/0 

Netherlands  

1881  8,596,108 
1860  !          865.  829 

1890 

0,  uuu,  utu 

1      OjlA  AAA 

1,  800,  010 

1870 
1880 

900, 187 
847,  Q33 

1889 
(c) 
1870 
1888 

771,  963 
d  350,  000 
2,  977,  454 
4,  567, 150 



161,  670 

973,  119 
571.335 

1884 
1870 
1882 

4,  654,  776 
45,  296,  700 
47,  508, 966 

ltussia  (exclusive  of  Poland)  

1, 180,  400 
1,  374,  805 

1888 
1888 
1887 
1880 

45,  486,  458 
3,  754,  665 
3,  684,  650 

13,  773,  804 

1,083,242 
209,  000 
e725,  700 
2,  615,  281 

Sweden  and  Norway : 

1882 
1878 

1865 
1875 
1870 
1880 

3,  620,  750 
16,  939,  288 

1,  705,  394 
1,686,  306 
1,  595,  009 
1, 457, 462 

725,  700 
3,  813, 000 

290,  985 
322,  861 
124,  326 
107, 663 

Sweden  

1890 

1,  412,  295 

272,  721 

Switzerland  

1890 
1886 

1,  350,  804 
341 .  804 

86,  980 
416,  323 

United  Kingdom : 

Great  Britain,  including  Isle 
of  Man  and  Channel  Islands. 

1880 
1885 
1890 

1880 
1885 
1890 

26,  619,  050 

26,  534,  634 

27,  272,  459 
3,  561,  361 

3,  477,  840 

4,  323,  805 

1892 

28,  815, 106 

Total  United  Kingdom  

1892 

4,  827,  702 

33,  642,  808 

Malta  

1890 

10,  930 

Total  Fnrrme                  ...  ... 

187, 144,  203 

18,  941,  295 

a  For  1880,  includes  Croatia  and  Slavonia.  b  The  number  of  sheep  in  the  German  Empire  on  Decem- 
ber 1,  1892,  according  to  preliminary  figures  published  on  page  18  of  the  Statistisches  Jahebuch  fur  das 
Deutsche  Reich  for  1893,  was  13,775,063.  Dr.  von  Juraschek,  in  Nebersichten  der  Weltwirthschaft 
for  1885-89  (see  footnote  6,  p.  469),  estimates  the  average  wool  yield  at  1£  kilograms  per  head  of  sheep, 
which,  however,  seems  very  low.    c  Latest  official  estimate,    d  Including  goats,    e  For  1882. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
The  Number  of  Sheep  and  Lambs,  etc.— Continued. 


4G9 


COUNTRIES. 

Year. 

(1877) 
*1878> 
1884 

Sheep  and 
lambs. 

Goats. 

lYear. 

Sheep  and 
lambs. 

Goats. 

Asia. 

b  15,  087,  000 
53,  757 

cl890^ 
tt89l> 
1891 

29,  987,  215 
87,  391 

4,  544,  300 

5,  067,  500 
3,831,359 

c  119, 892 
1,  227,  000 

Russia,  Asiatic:  d 

1891 

Turkey  in  Asia : 

1891 
:  1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 

b  1,  223,  699 
2,  037,  431 
956,  000 
1  05°.  000 

61,061,816 
1,  020,  000 

1,  211.000 

2,  097,  330 

l 

10,  660,  276 

Other    Asia:    Hongkong,  1887; 
Cyprus,  1891,  and  French  East 

235,  960 

300,  042 

Total  Asia 

54,  414,  001 

1,  046,  934 

Australasia. 

Australia : 

1880 
1889 
1880 

QP»  QQS  191 

50, 106,  768 
10,  360,  285 
10,  882,  231 

6,  463,  897 
6,  432, 201 

1,  231,  717 

2,  366, 681 
6,  935,  967 

14,  470,  095 

1891 

61,  831,416 

39,  889 

South    Australia  (including 
North  Terry)  

1889 
1881 

1891 

12,919, 428 

e  44,  482 

"West  Australia  

1889 
1880 
1889 
1880 

1891 

7  745  541 

10,  070 

1891 

1,962,  212 

4,  367 

1889 

1891 

20,  289,  633 

i 

104  74X  9'iO 

J-vftfc,   l*±0,  iOu 

98,  808 

Tasmania  

 i 

1880 
1889 
1881 
1889 
1887 

1.  783,  611 
1,  551,  429 
12,  985,  085 
15,  503,  263 
8,  350 

New  Zealand  

1891 

1,664,118 

e  1,  742 

Fiji  Islands  

1891 
1891 

18.  227, 186 
/6,  07? 

e  9,  055 
e  6,  652 

124,  64o,  606 

116,  257 

Oceanica. 

Tahiti  and  Moorea  

Marquesas  Islands  

1883 

3,  000 

1,300 

1889 
1889 
1889 
1886 
1885 

494 
4, 131 

205 
7,  777 

1,  794 
4,  500 

4,  808 
2.  000 

Total  Oceanica  

 i 

12.  607 

13, 102 

a  For  1877-  78,  exclusive  of  the  Northwest  Provinces  and  Oudh  and  Eengal,  with  several  minor  prov- 
inces, b  Including  goats,  c  Figures  for  1890.  d  Figures  gathered  from  1874  to  1883.  e  Latest  official 
estimate.  /Sheep  owned  by  Europeans  only. 


470  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES   OF  WOOL. 

The  Number  of  Sheep  and  Lambs,  etc. — Continued. 


COUNTRIES. 


Africa. 


Algeria  a. 


Tunis  a  

Egypt  a  

Cape  of  Good  Hope  

Natal  

Orange  Free  State  

All  other  Africa  (figures  gathered 
1886-'91)  

Total  Africa  


Year. 


1880 
1884 


1875 
1881 


Sheep  and 
lambs. 


6,  992,  218 
6,  050,  583 


11,  279,  743 
5,  056,  301 


Goats. 


3,  293,  033 
3,  618,  392 


673, 924 


Year, 


Sheep  and 
lambs. 


1889 

9,  475,  287 

1889 

761,  094 

1887 

6957,  599 

1891 

16,  706, 106 

1891 

959,  246 

1890 

6,  619,  992 

109.  884 


35,  589,  208 


RECAPITULATION. 


Grand  divisions: 
North  America . . 
South  America  . . 

Europe  

Asia  ,„. 

Australasia  

Oceanica  

Africa  

Grand  total 


53,  292,  797 

45,  536 

99,  242, 137 

2,  695,  697 

187, 144,  203 

18,  941,  295 

54,  414,  001 

1,  646, 934 

124,  645,  606 

116,  257 

12,  607 

13, 102 

35,  589,  208 

12, 566,  612 

554,  340, 559 

36,  025, 433 

a  Camels  in  Algeria,  271,547 ;  in  Tunis,  86,^17  in  Egypt,  55,007.  6  Including  goats,  e  Latest  official 
estimate. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


471 


The  Number  of  Sheep  and  Lambs  of  the  various  Countries  of  the  World 

at  the  dates  named. 

[From  Report  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  No.  37,  January  and  February,  1887.] 


COUNTRIES. 


North  America. 


United  States  

Canada: 

Ontario  and  Quebec. 


Nova  Scotia  

New  Brunswick  

Manitoba  

Prince  Edward  Island  . 

British  Columbia  

The  Territories  

Total  


South  America. 


Argentine  Republic  . 


Falkland  Islands  . 

Uruguay   

Venezuela  


Austria-Hungary : 

Austria  

Hungary  b  


Europe. 


Year. 


18S7 


Ontario   1880 

Manitoba  

Newfoundland  

Jamaica  

Guadaloupe  

Guatemala  


1881 

2,  249,  Oil 

1881 

377,  801 

1881 

221, 163 

1881 

6,073 

1881 

166,  496 

1881 

27,  788 

1881 

346 

1881 

3,  048,  678 

1880 

1,010,  949 

1885 

10,  337 

1875 

28, 766 

1885 

13,  390 

1880 

13, 690 

1884 

417, 577 

1883 
1885 
1885 
1884 
188:} 


1880 
1880 
1884 

Belgium   1880 

Denmark   1881 

France   1885 

Germany  i  1883 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland  i  1886 

Great  Britain  j  1880 

Ireland  !  1886 

Isle  of  Man,  etc  '  1886 

Greece  c   1877 

Italy  !  1881 

Netherlands   1884 

Portugal   1870 

Roumania   1884 

Russia  in  Europe  d  j  1882 

Servia   1882 

Spain   1878 

a  Goats  are  included  with  sheep. 

b  In  the  figures  for  1880  Croatia  and  Siavonia  are  included  with  Hungary. 

c  Thessaly,  which  has  become  a  part  of  the  Greek  Kingdom  since  1^77.  is  not  included  in 
ures.  The  number  of  live  stock  in  this  province  has  been  estimated  to  include  2,000, 
1,500,000  sheep,  and  1,000,000  goats. 

d  Exclusive  of  Poland. 


Sheep  and 
lambs. 


44,  759,  314 


Goats. 


75,  000,  000 
516,  975 
15,  921,  069 
a  3,  490,  563 


3,811,340 
9,  838, 133 
10, 594, 831 
365,  400 

1,  548,  613 
22,  616,  547 
19, 189,  715 
28,  955,  240 
25,  520,  718 

3,  367,  722 

06,  800 

2,  921,917 
8,  596, 108 

752,  949 

2,  977,  454 

4,  654,  776 
47,  508,  966 

3,  620,  750 
16,  939,  288 


14,  709 


3.  000,  000 


5,650 


(a) 


1, 006,  675 
333,  233 
270, 192 
248,  755 
9,  331 

1,  483,  342 

2,  639,  994 


1,836.663 
2,016,  307 
156,  255 
936,  863 

1,  374.805 
725,  700 
3,  813,  000 


these  fig- 
000  oxen, 


472 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
The  Number  of  Sheep  and  Lambs,  etc.— Continued. 


COUNTRIES. 


Year. 


Europe — Continued. 

Sweden  and  Norway: 

Sweden   1884 

Norway   1875 

Switzerland   1886 

Turkey  in  Europe :a 

Eastern  Romnelia   1883 


Russia:  b 

Caucasia  

Transcaucasia  d  . . 
India:  e 

Madras  

Bombay  and  Sind  .. 

Punjab  

Central  Provinces  . 

British  Burin ab  

Mysore  

Berar   

Cevlon  


A  via. 


(c) 
(r) 

1877-78 
' 1877-78 
1877-78 
1877-78 
1877-78 
1877-78 
1877-78 
1884 


A  f rivet. 


Algeria . 


Cape  of  Good  Hope#  . 

Natal  

Mauritius  h  

Orange  Free  State  


Australia: 

New  South  Wales  . . 

Victoria  

South  Australia  — 

Western  Australia  . 

Queensland  

New  Zealand  

Tasmania  

Fiji  Islands  


A  ustralasia. 


Oceania. 

Tahiti  and  Moorea   188:5 


Sheep  and 
lambs. 


1,410, 177 
1,  686.  306 
337,  905 

1,  858.  839 


4,  544,  300 
5.067,500  I 

4.600.000 
f'S,  300,  000 
/3,  850,  000 
/641,  000 
/20, 000  j 
/l,  590,  000  j 
/  386,  000  |J 
53,757  L 


Goats. 


101,  406 
322.  861 
414,584 

425,  569 


1,  227.  000 


2,  700.  (  00 


1880 

6,  992,  218 

1884 

6.  056,  683 

1875 

11,  279.  743 

1885 

535,  482 

1884 

/30,  000 

1881 

i  5,  056,  301 

1885 

34,551.622 

J  885 

10,  664,  598 

1884 

6,  696,  406 

1885 

1,  702,  719 

1885 

8,  994,  322 

1 885 

14,  624,  547 

1885 

1,  648.  627 

1884 

5,869 

3,  000 


(/) 


3,  293,  033 
3,  618,  392 


(/) 
673.  934 


j  11,429 


1,  300 


a  There  are  no  returns  available  for  Turkey  proper,  and  none  for  any  of  her  tributary  states,  except 
Eastern  Roumelia. 

b  There  are  no  returns  for  Asiatic  Russia,  except  from  Caucasia  and  a  part  of  Transcaucasia. 
c These  figures  are  not  of  uniform  date,  but  were  gathered  from  1874  to  1883. 

</ These  figures  embrace  statistics  from  the  provinces  of  Bakou,  Tifljs,  Elizabethpol,  Erivan,  and 
Koutais.  , 

eThis  statement  is  exclusive  of  the  Northwest  Provinces  and  Oudh  and  Bengal,  with  several  minor 
provinces  and  all  the  native  states,  except  Mysore. 

/Goats  are  included  with  sheep. 

(j Including  217,732  cattle,  35.357  horses,  303,080  sheep,  and  15.635  swine  in  Basutoland. 
h  Approximate  statement. 

i  Merinos. 

j  Angora  goals. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Foreign  Import  Duties  on  Wool  and  Hair. 


473 


COUNTRIES  AND  TARIFF  CLASSIFICATION. 


Russia: 

Wool  and  hair,  not  combed  and  not  spun- 
Raw  (in. the  grease)  or  washed,  not  dyed;  waste  and  combings  of  wool, 

not  dyed  pood. . 

tDyed,  artificial  wool  (shoddy, mungo,  etc.),  wool  shearings,  cuttings  of 
cloth  of  all  kinds,  and  waste  wool,  dyed  pood. . 

Sweden : 

Wool,  dyed  or  undyed  

Horsehair  kilog. . 

Hair,  other  kinds  

Norway: 


Tariff 
rates  of 
duty. 


Rubles. 
2.  00 

3.00 
Eton. ore. 

Free  

20 

Free  


Wool. 


Cnrled  hair,  including  spun  horse  and  cattle  hair,  but  not  completely  prepared 
Denmark : 

Wool  of  all  kinds  

Hair  of  all  kinds,  raw  or  prepared,  but  not  worked  

Germany : 

Wool,  raw,  dyed,  milled ;  also  hair,  raw,  combed,  boiled,  dyed,  or  cnrled  

Artificial  wool,  dyed  or  not,  and  wool  waste  

Holland: 

Raw  wool  and  hair  .... 

Belgium : 

Wool,  raw-  or  combed  

Horse  and  other  animal  hair,  roughed,  curled,  or  otherwise  prepared  

France : 

Wool,  including  alpaca,  llama,  and  vicuna  wool,  and  hair  of  the  yack,  camel, 
and  cashmere  goal: — 

In  the  mass  

In  the  mass,  dyed,  and  noils  dyed  100  kilos  . 

Combed  or  carded  do. . . 

Combed  or  carded,  dyed  do. . . 

Waste  wool  

Horse  and  similar  hair,  raw  

Horse  and  similar  hair,  prepared  or  crimped  100  kilos. 

Hair,  other  kinds- 
Raw   

Combed  or  carded,  mohair  

Combed  or  carded,  other  100  kilos. 

In  hanks  do  . . . 

Portugal. 

Wool,  raw- 
In  the  grease- 
Dark,  including  waste  combings,  dyed  or  not  kilog. 

White  do... 

Washed— 

Dark  do.-; 

White   do 

Dyed  do... 

Wool,  carded — 

White  ...  do... 

Dyed..  (i0... 

Wool,  combed— 

White  do... 

Dyed  do... 


Free . 
Free  . 


Equiva- 
lent rate 
in  U.S. 
money 
perltfO 
pounds. 


Dollars. 
4. 78 


7. 19 


Free  . 
Free  . 


Free . 
Free  . 


Free  . 


Free  . 
Free  . 


Francs. 

Free  

25.  00 
25.  00 
27.  50 

Free  

Free  

10. 00 


Free  

Free  

10.  00 
10.  00 

litis. 


20 

3 

40 
10 

80 

50 
120 

30 
100 


2.  7G 


2.47 
2.  47 
2.72 


.97 


.97 


1.11 
.16 

2.  22 
.56 
4.44 

2.  78 
6.  66 

1.67 
5.56 


474 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Foreign  Import  Duties  of  Wool  and  Hair — Continued. 


COUNTRIES  AND  TARIFF  CLASSIFICATION. 


Portugal— Continued. 

Artificial  wool,  made  from  rags,  dyed  or  not  kilog.. 

Hair,  raw,  prepared,  or  dyed  do. . . 

Spain : 

Horse  and  other  liair,  including  hair  of  the  camel,  vicuna,  and  of  the 

Angora  and  Cashmere  goat  100  kilos. 

Wool- 
Unwashed  do. . . 

Washed  do  

Combed  and  prepared  for  spinning,  unbleached  carded  wool  and  waste 

wool  from  the  working  up  of  rags,  unbleached  or  dyed  100  kilos. 

Combed  or  carded,  dyed  do... 

Italy: 

Wool- 
Natural,  unwashed  or  washed  

Artificial  (shoddy)  100  kilos.. 

Dyed  do... 

Carded,  undyed   .do. . . 

Combed,  undyed  do. . . 

Carded,  dyed  do. . . 

Combed,  dyed  do... 

Artificial  (shoddy),  dyed  do  

Refuse  and  waste  of  wool  

Horse  and  similar  hair — 

Raw   

Dyed  100  kilos. 

Curled  do  

Other  animal  hair- 
Raw   

Dyed  100  kilos.. 

A  u  stria- Hungary : 

Hair  of  all  sorts,  raw  or  prex>ared  (combed,  boiled,  dyed,  stained,  or  curled).. 

Wool,  raw,  washed,  combed,  dyed,  bleached,  or  milled,  and  waste  wool  

Artificial  wool  

Switzerland : 

Horse  and  buffalo  hair- 
Raw  100  kilos.. 

Cleaned  or  prepared  do  

Animal  hair,  not  otherwise  mentioned  do  

Wool,  including  the  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  rabbit,  etc.— 

Raw  or  washed,  waste  wool  noils,  artificial  wool  (shoddy)  do  

Milled,  combed,  dyed,  tops  do  — 

Greece : 

AVool  and  animal  hair,  raw,  i.  e.,  not  carded,  bleeched,  nor  spun  

Turkey : 

Wools  and  hair,  raw  


Bulgaria : 

Wools  and  hair,  raw. 


Roumania : 

Wool  of  all  kinds,  including  combed  and  dyed  wool 
Animal  hair  of  all  kinds,  raw,  xjrepared,  or  curled  ... 


Tariff 
rates  of 
duty. 


Beis. 
10 
.  25 

Pesetas. 
2.00 

17.  00 
45.  00 

48.00 
55.  00 

Lire. 
Free  . . . 
8.00 
10.  00 
10.  00 
15. 00 
20.  00 
25.  00 
8.  00 
Free . . 


Free  . . 
10.  00 
17.00 


Free  . . 
10.  00 


Free . 
Free . 
Free . 


Francs. 
1.00 
10.  00 
.60 

.30 
.60 


Free  . 


8  per  cent 
ad  va- 
lorem. 

8  \  per 
cent ad 
valor- 
em. 

Lei.  b. 

Free  

25.00 


DOMINION  OF  CANADA. 


DOMINION  OF  CANADA. 

Number  of  Sheep. 


DIVISIONS. 

Tear. 

Number. 

Ontario  and  Quebec  

1871 

2, 522,  714 

1881 

2,  249,  Oil 

1882 

1,  915, 303 

1883 

1,  868,  784 

1884 

1,  890,  733 

1885 

1, 755,  605 

1886 

1,  610,  949 

1887 

1,396, 161 

1888 

1,  349,  044 

1889 

1,  344, 180 

1890 

1,  339,  695 

1891 

1,693,751  i 

1892 

1,  850, 473 

1871 

234,  418 

1881 

221, 163 

1871 

398,377 

1881 

377,801 

DIVISIONS. 


Manitoba- 


Prince  Edward  Island . 


British  Columbia  

Northwestern  Territory,  etc 


Year. 


Number. 


1881 

6,073 

1S83 

4,  211 

1884 

6,  431 

1885 

10,  337 

1886 

16,  053 

1887 

12,  540 

1889 

31,341 

1871 

147,  364 

1881 

166,  416 

1881 

27,  788 

1881 

346 

1886 

19,  31  8 

1888 

31,4:5 

1891 

64, 920 

Imports  and  Exports. 


YEAR. 

Imports  of 

woolen 
manufac- 
tures . 

Exports  of 
wool. 

£. 

Pounds. 

1878  

1,  773,  324 

2,  445,  893 

1879  

1, 456, 721 

3, 013,  587 

1880  

1,  284,  569 

3,  765,  714 

1881  

1,  743,  009 

1,482, 927 

1882  

1,  999,  567 

1,  222,  395 

1883  

1,  979,  090 

1,  375,  572 

1884  

1,  612,  832 

1,539,  422 

1885  

1,  763,  572 

989, 925 

Value. 

YEAR. 

Imports  of 

woolen 
manufac- 
tures. 

Exports  of 
wool. 

Value. 

£. 

£. 

Pounds. 

£. 

147,  360 

1886  

1,  815,  427 

1, 524. 184 

65,  124 

144, 145 

1887  

2,  345,  865 

1,  454,  768 

66,  699 

197.  828 

1888  

1,  926,  895 

969,  523 

46,169 

89, 153 

1889  

2,  036,  789 

1,  037, 922 

45,^30 

56,  408 

1890  

2, 169,  057 

1, 105, 192 

51,123 

58,  444 

1891  

1,  963,  C60 

1, 131,  802 

50,  940 

65,  045 

1892  

1,  894,  085 

932,  584 

40, 122 

40,  310 

477 


478 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Imports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of,  into  the  Dominion  of  Canada 
during  the  years  1889  to  1893,  inclusive. 


Wool,  raw: 

Class  1,  viz:  Leicester,  Cotswold, 
Lincolnshire,  Southdown  combing 
wools,  or  wools  known  as  luster 
wools,  and  other  like  combing 
wools,  such  as  are  grown  in  Can- 
ada   


Years 
ending 
June 

30— 


1889 


1890 
1891 


1892 


1893 


Wool,   not    further   prepared  than 
washed,  n.  e.  s   1889 


18C0 


1891 


1892 


Countries. 


United  States  

United  Kingdom . 

Total  

United  States  


United  States  

United  Kingdom . 


Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom . 

Total  

United  Kingdom. 


United  States  

United  Kingdom  . 

Australia  

Austria  

British  Africa  

France  

Other  countries  - . . 


Total . 


United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

Australia  

British  Africa  . . . 

France  

Other  countries . . 


Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom 

Australia  

British  Africa  — 

France  

Other  countries. . . 


Quantities. 


United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

Australia  

British  Africa  ... 

France  

Other  countries  - . 


Total  . 


Pounds. 

Dolloivs. 

17 

9 

2,  334 

598 

2,  351 

607 

5 

2 

4 

7 

253 

95 

257 

102 

3 

5 

257 

93 

260 

98 

1,  018 

342 

4,  823,  512 

698,  067 

2,  768, 163 

469,  630 

1,  512,  963 

227,  673 

359,  450 

51,  269 

951,  480 

95,  354 

232,  396 

59,  258 

16,  202 

4, 104 

10,  664. 166 

1, 605,  355 

3,  824, 114 

691,  599 

3, 177,  752 

678,  097 

944, 733 

186,  686 

408,  864 

57,  643 

477,  217 

102,  063 

72,  581 

12,  968 

8,  905,  261 

1,729,  056 

3,  513,  324 

505,  093 

2,  503,  339 

537,  909 

979,  412 

217,319 

516,  074 

59,  552 

224, 118 

58,  682 

112,  535 

20, 191 

7,  848,  802 

1,  398,  746 

4,  904,  541 

682, 365 

2,  789,  267 

575, 427 

1,  500,  278 

264,  016 

594,  077 

69, 131 

423,  898 

102,  064 

12,  025 

1,  699 

10,  224,  086 

1,  694,  702 

V 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


479 


Imports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of,  into  the  Dominion  of  Canada 
during  the  Years  1889  to  1893,  inclusive — Continued. 


AVool,  raw — Continued. 

Wool,    not    further    prepared  than 
washed,  n.  e.  s  


Years 
ending 
June 

30— 


1893 


Noils,  being  the  short  wool  which 
falls  from  the  combs  in  worsted  fac- 
tories. (Free)  


Pelts.    (Free)  . 


1889 
1890 


1891 


1892 


1893 


1889 


1890 


1891 


1892 


1893 


Countries. 


United  States  

United  Kingdom 

Australia  

British  Africa  — 

France  

Other  countries. . 


Total . 


United  States  . . . 

United  States  -  -  - 
United  Kingdom . 

Total  


United  States  

United  Kingdom. 


Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom. 
France  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom . 

Total  


United  States  

United  Kingdom . 


Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom. 
St.  Pierre  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom . 

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom . 
St.  Pierre  

Total  


Quantities. 


Pounds. 
4,114, 476 
3,  021,  073 
1,333.519 
1,509,  518 
511,  845 
12,  614 


10,  503,  645 


2,441 


480 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL 


Imports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of,  into  the  Dominion  of  Canada 
during  the  Years  1889  to  1893,  inclusive — Continued. 


Wars 

ARTICLES. 

ending 
June 

Countries. 

Quantities. 

Values. 

30— 

Wool,  manufactures  of: 

Pounds. 

Dollars. 

1889 

United  States  

3,  229 

2,  284 

Un  it  ed  Kingdom  

145,  301 

46, 450 

France  

59 

13 

97 

147 

Total  

1<*8,  686 

48,  894 

1890 

2,  392 

1,  509 

United  Kingdom  

100,  098 

52, 525 

France  

13 

10 

Total  

162,  503 

54,  044 

1891 

United  States  

1,436 

1,  232 

United  Kingdom  

161,540 

53,  130 

France  

25 

16 

119 

55 

Total  

163, 120 

54,  433 

1892 

United  States  

3,  637 

2, 107 

•  120,834 

39,  593 

47 

36 

Germany  

12 

29 

Belgiam  

20 

27 

42 

16 

1^4.  a9J 

41,  808 

1893 

3,  960 

1,  786 

United  Kingdom  ......... 

65.  277 

21, 768 

Bel  °ium 

414 

France  

07 

20 

Germany  

76 

-  29 

British  East  Indies  

192 

140 

Japan   

1 

4 

Total  

70,  198 

24,161 

Cassimeres  

1889 

United  States  

3.  532 

3,  618 

United  Kingdom  

•     629, 796 

478,  727 

France   

5,  854 

5,  411 

Germany  

5,  222 

4,  329 

Belgium  

] ,  668 

2,  099 

Total  

646.  072 

494, 184 

1890 

United  States  

162 

182 

United  Kingdom  

69,  390 

60,  091 

France 

268 

335 

209 

237 

Total  

70,  029 

60,  845 

1891 

United  States  

54 

107 

United  Kingdom  ' 

81,100 

70, 431' 

Total  

81,154 

70,  538 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


481 


Imports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of,  into  the  Dominion  of,  Canada 
during  the  Years  1889  TO  1893,  inclusive— Continued. 


Wool,  manufactures  of— Continued. 
Casshneres  


Cloths . 


H.  Mis.  94  31 


Years 
ending 
June 
30— 


1892 


1893 


1889 


1890 


1891 


1892 


Countries. 


United  States  . . . 
United  Kingdom 

France  . ...  

Germany  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom 
France   

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom 

Belgium  

France   

Germany  

China  

Japan   

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom 

Belgium  

France   

Germany  

Italy  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom 

Belgium  

France   

Germany  

Netherlands  

Japan   

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

Belgium  

France  , 

Germany  

Total  

United  States  — 
United  Kingdom 

Austria  , 

Belgium  

France  

Germany  

Netherlands  

Switzerland  

China  

Total  


Quantities. 


Pounds. 
82 

90,  872 
136 
75 


91, 165 


94 

115,  315 
980 


116,  389 


10,  679 
1,  314, 167 
2,  372 
6,  614 
21,  336 
2 

325 


1,  355,  495 


17,  377 
1,  899,  276 
2,  585 
17,  996 
36,  948 
915 


1,  975,  097 


10, 116 
1,  797,  233 
1,444 
8,  904 
23,  835 
8 

121 


1,  841,  661 


10,  778 
2, 163,  347 
1,067 
7,518 

26,  453 


2,  209,  763 


14,  769 
2,  249,  501 
85 
1,800 
7,  533 
43,  675 
302 
1,  752 
9 


2,  319,  426 


Value. 


Dollars. 
62 

64,  416 
219 
108 


64, 805 


111 

74, 160 
1, 183 


75,  454 


11,071 
1,  018,  789 
2, 955 
6, 855 
18,  903 
4 
333 


1, 058, 910 


18,  813 
1,  557, 161 
2,  833 
15, 127 
27,  670 
397 


1,  622,  001 


15,  263 
1,  459, 125 
1,  966 
8,  550 
20,  808 
4 

142 


1,  505,  858 


12, 933 
1,  677,  473 
2,050 
7,  441 

22,  342 


1,  722,  239 


15,  454 
1,  683,  971 
>3 

2,  796 
7,089 
32,  478 
422 
1, 166 
10 


1 .  744,  062 


482 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Imports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of,  into  the  Dominion  of  Canada 
during  the  Years  1889  TO  1893,  inclusive— Continued. 


Quantities. 

Value. 

JrOWYldS. 

DoHclvs. 

9  305 

7  1  AO 

1  9^  t\*i± 

771  97^ 

6,  724 

4,  830 

7, 134 

•    5, 449 

1,  278,  717 

788,  716 

9  914 

7  37Q 

1  917  (\x>9 

/  DO,  04i7 

4, 137 

3,388 

5, 166 

4,  923 

1,  236,  869 

781, 538 

96 

160 

1  0fi7  18*3 

1, 145 

946 

2,  558 

1,  691 

1,  070,  982 

662, 912 

107 

143 

1  074  287 

671  647 

377 

442 

1,  268 

922 

1,  076,  039 

673, 154 

4  172 

2  566 

1  9^7  118 

X,  AO  i  ,  XXO 

7x9  Q99 

645 

1  014 

8,  625 

5, 548 

1   97ft  PiRrt 

751  450 

1, 375 

_  

1, 112 

131 

185 

4,  572 

2,  291 

376 

384 

358 

420 

1,  016 

337 

68,  785 

39, 384 

425 

557 

344 

479 

70,  570 

40,  757 

1, 119 

425 

34,  266 

18,  956 

35,  385 

19,  381 

46, 176 

22,  356 

32, 779 

18,  361 

34,  037 

18, 135 

60,  438 

47,  601 

266  ' 

328 

60,  704 

47,  929 

ARTICLES. 


Years 
ending 
June 
30— 


Countries. 


"Wool,  manufactures  of— Continued. 
Coatings  


Doeskins 


Meltons  . 


Overcoatings 


1889 


1890 


1891 


1892 


1893 


1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 

1889 


1890 


1891 
1892 
1893 

1889 


United  States  

United  Kingdom . 

France  

Germany  

Total  


United  States  

United  Kingdom . 

France  

Germany  

Total  


United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

France  

Germany  

Total  


United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

France  

Germany  

Total  


United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

France  

Germany  

Total  


United  Kingdom. 

 do  

 do  

 do  

 do  


United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

France  

Germany  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom . 

Total  


United  Kingdom. 

 do  

 do  


United  Kingdom  . 
France   


Total. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OP  WOOL. 


483 


Imports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of,  into  the  Dominion  of  Canada 
during  the  Years  1889  to  1893,  inclusive — Continued. 


Wool,  manufacturers  of— Continued. 
Overcoatings— Continued  


Tweeds . 


Felt  cloth  of  every  description,  n.  e.  s. 


Tears 
ending 
June 
30— 


1890 


1891 
1892 

1893 


1890 


1891 


1892 


1893 


1889 


Countries. 


United  Kingdom . 
Germany  

Total  

United  Kingdom 
 do  

United  Kingdom. 
Germany  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

Austria  

Belgium  

France  

Germany  

Total  

United  States — 
United  Kingdom 

Belgium  

France  

Germany  

Total  

United  States — 
United  Kingdom 

Belgium  

Germany  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

Belgium  

France  

Germany  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

Austria  

Belgium  

France   

Germany  

Italy  

Total  

United  States  

United  Ki  ngdom . 

France   

Germany  

Total...,., 


Quantities. 


Pounds. 
31, 364 
205 


31,  569 


16, 017 
13,  643 


15, 187 
510 


15,  697 


5,  237 
1,  247, 617 

190 
3, 220 

348 
3, 867 


1,  260, 479 


8,  723 
1,415, 397 

266 
1,312 

9,  398 


1, 435, 096 


2, 778 
1, 145, 147 
1, 560 
6, 729 


1, 156,  214 


2, 475 
930, 745 
576 
633 

5,  080 


939,  509 


1, 853 
1, 037,  609 
28 
59 
1, 763 
8, 803 
28 


1,  050, 143 


5,  610 
14,  861 
692 
54 


21, 217 


484 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Imports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of,  into  the  Dominion  of 
during  the  Years  1889  to  1893,  inclusive — Continued. 


Canada 


Tears 
ending 
June 
30- 


Countries. 


Quantities. 

Value. 

Pounds. 

DoXlCLTS. 

7,  030 

7, 083 

16,  691 

14, 093 

40 

45 

655 

485 

24, 416 

21, 706 

3,253 

4, 114 

20,  775 

18, 130 

196 

209 

24,  224 

22, 453 

11, 437 

12,  567 

10, 371 

10,  249 

151 

133 

21, 959 

22, 949 

11,  347 

12, 374 

12, 537 

11, 992 

194 

315 

24,  078 

24,  681 

9 

6 

3,  345 

808 

Q1  A 

74 

72 

684 

328 

102 

32 

9, 162 

O,  lOZ 

OQrt  Q9Q 

9A9  <JfiQ 
ZUZ,  OOU 

192 

113 

10,  776 

Q  AAt 
o,  441 

23, 657 

24,  350 

324, 116 

244,  305 

8,  952 

8,  665 

ZOO,  905 

Zlo,  Zo9 

183 

120 

6, 019 

7, 377 

oO,  9oO 

29, 482 

334,  995 

263,  913 

f;  797 

5  071 

218,  538 

170,  317 

2, 155 

2,  267 

9,  307 

10, 184 

8, 744 

8,  522 

28 

15 

244, 499 

196,  376 

Wool,  manufacturers  of— Continued. 

Felt  cloth  of  every  description,  n.  e.  s. — 
Continued  


1890 


1891 


1892 


1893 


Cloth  for  horse  collars. 


Flannel,  including  plain  and  checked 
of  all  colors  


1891 
1892 
1893 

1889 


1890 


1891 


United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

France   

Germany  

Total  

United  States  ... 
United  Kingdom. 
France   

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom. 
France  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom 
Germany  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

Total  

United  Kingdom. 

 do  

 do  

United  States  

United  Kingdom 

Belgium  

France  

Germany  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

Austria  

France  

Germany  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom 

Belgium  

France  

Germany  

Newfoundland. . . 

Total  


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


485 


Imports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of,  into  the  Dominion  of  Canada 
during  the  Years  1889  to  1893,  inclusive— Continued. 


Quantities. 

Values. 

x  OUTldS . 

LsOllCLTS. 

6,  714 

5,  953 

252,  966 

186,  536 

15,  585 

16, 167 

4, 233 

3,677 

1 

4 

10 

3 

30 

22 

279,  539 

212,  362 

5, 159 

5,  731 

234, 172 

168,  041 

1, 174 

917 

25, 214 

27,  559 

7,  459 

6,  363 

603 

688 

10 

6 

273,  791 

209,  305 

4,  110 

6,  718 

348, 123 

375,  526 

2,  836 

1,998 

50 

67 

2,  867 

2,  521 

55,  702 

56, 708 

12 

29 

413, 700 

443,  567 

5  703 

5  380 

462, 787 

465,  228 

31 

27 

148 

111 

4,  090 

4,  939 

47, 158 

50,  779 

293 

570 

12 

13 

520,  222 

527,  047 

1,802 

2, 597 

297,  048 

304,  501 

1,  009 

916 

878 

863 

31, 383 

32,  936 

2 

2 

5 

3 

332, 127 

341, 818 

3, 559 

5,735 

384,  954 

355, 186 

332 

518 

35,  394 

32,  262 

139 

250 

12 

14 

424,390 

393,  965 

ARTICLES. 


Wool,  manufactures  of— Continued. 

Flannel,  including  plain  and  checked 
of  all  colors— Continued  


Hosiery,  shirts  and  drawers,  n.  e.  s. 
(knitted  goods)  


Tears 
ending 
June 
30— 


1892 


1893 


1889 


1890 


1891 


1892 


Countries. 


United  States  

United  Kingdom... 

France  

Germany  

British  East  Indies 

Japan  

Newfoundland  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom . . . 

Austria  

France  

Germany  

Switzerland  

Japan   

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom . . . 

Austria  

Belgium  

France  

Germany  

Switzerland  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom. . . 

Austria  

Belgium  

France  

Germany  

Switzerland  

China  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom  .. 

Belgium  

France  

Germany  

Norway  

China  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom  .. 

France  

Germany  

Switzerland  

China  

Total  


486 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Imports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of,  into  the  Dominion  of  Canada 
during  the  Years  1889  to  1893,  inclusive — Continued. 


Wool,  manufactures  of—  Continued. 
Hosiery,  shirts  and  drawers,  n.  e. 
(knitted  goods)— Continued  


Shawls  . 


Years 
ending 
June 
30— 


1893 


1889 


1890 


1891 


1892 


1893 


Countries. 


United  States  

United  Kingdom  . 

Belgium  

France  , 

Germany  

Switzerland  

China  


Total. 


United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

Austria  

Belgium  

France  

Germany  

Total  


United  States  

United  Kingdom  . 

Belgium  

France  , 

Germany  , 

Italy  

Netherlands  


Total . 


United  States  . . . 
United  Kingdon. 

France  

Germany  

Total  


United  States  

United  Kingdom  . 

Austiia  

France   

Germany  

Japan  

Total  


United  States  

United  Kingdom  

Belgium  

France  

Germany  

Switzerland  

British  East  Indies. 
Japan   

Total  


Quantities. 


Pounds. 
2,  688 
282, 975 
37 
565 
32,  841 
473 
15 


319,  594 


Values. 


Dollars. 
4, 237 
272,  889 
65 
861 
30,  285 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OP  WOOL. 


487 


Imports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of,  into  the  Dominion  of  Canada 
during  the  Years  1889  to  1893,  inclusive — Continued. 


"Wool,  manufactures  of— Continued. 

Socks  and  stockings  of  wool,  worsted, 
the  hair  of  the  alpaca,  goat,  etc  


Yarn,  knitted  yarn,  fingering  yarn, 
worsted  Tarn  


Years 
ending 
June 
30— 


1889 


1890 


1891 


1892 


1893 


1889 


1890 


Countries. 


United  States  

United  Kingdom  . 

Belgium  

Prance  

Germany  

China  


Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom  . 

Belgium  

France   

Germany  

China  

Japan   

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom  . 

France  

Germany  

Switzerland  

China  


Total . 


United  States  

United  Kingdom 

France   

Germany  

Switzerland  

China  


Total . 


United  States  

United  Kingdom . 

France   

Germany  

Switzerland  

China  


Total  . 


United  States  

United  Kingdom  . 

Belgium  

France  

Germany  

Total  


United  States  . . . 
United  Kingdom. 

France  

Germany  

Total  


Quantities. 


Pounds. 
2,  551 
278,  962 
741 
1,874 
4,  813 


289,  027 


644 
325,  637 
492 
2,385 
7,724 
30 
14 


336, 926 


762 
315,  860 
773 
8, 275 
7 

50 


325,  727 


1, 180 
338, 483 
165 
9,  858 
130 
21 


349,  837 


1,249 
423,  437 
28 

20,  530 
20 
13 


445,  277 


1,277 
148,  579 
25 
1,  297 
15,  999 


167, 177 


495 
127,  468 
1,336 
7,  039 


136,  338 


488 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Imfokts  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of,  into  the  Dominion  of  Canada 
during  the  Years  1889  to  1893,  inclusive — Continued. 


Years 
ending 
Juiie 
30- 


Oouutries 


Quantities. 

Values. 

Pounds. 
750 
141,778 
3,  467 
19, 472 
12 

Dollars. 
739 
110,  993 
1,877 
14,  003 
4 

165, 479 

127,  616 

3,  544 
212, 174 
4, 183 
40,  352 

2,  791 
154, 374 

2,  236 
26,  853 

260,  253 

186,  254 

6,  072 
191, 499 
5 

8, 117 
35. 620 

3,  941 
132,  763 
5 

4, 190 
23, 045 

241,  313 

163,  944 

Yards. 
12,  655 
10,  707,  010 
152,  654 
2,  591 

970 
775,  743 
11,198 

251 

10,874,910 

788, 162 

7,  031 
8,  431,  277 
160,  960 
20,  923 

535 
604,  279 
13,  316 
1,  913 

8,  620, 191 

620.  043 

9,  085 
8,  461, 183 
184, 129 
14,  014 
3,  098 

631 
607,  657 
18, 147 
1,262 
279 

8,671,509  |  627,976 

32, 706 
7,  066, 141 
21,  274 
18,  202 

2,166 
503, 101 
1,792 
1,306 

7, 138,  323 

508.  365 

8,477 
5,  338,  346 
12,  735 
53,  882 

598 
392,520 
1,058 
4,  791 

5,413,440  |  398,967 

Wool,  manufactures  of—  Continued. 

Yarn,  knitted  yarn,  fingering  yarn, 
worsted  yarn — Continued  


1892 


1893 


All  fabrics,   composed  -wholly  or  in 
part  of  wool,  worsted,  etc: 
On  all  such  goods  costing  10  cents 
per  yard  and  under  


1889 


1890 


1891 


1892 


1893 


United  States.... 
United  Kingdom. 

France  

Germany  

Newfoundland . . . 

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom 

France  

Germany  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom 

Belgium  

France  

Germany  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom 

France  

Germany  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom 

France  

Germany  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom 

France  

Germany  

Switzerland  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom 

France  

Germany  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom 

France   

Germany  

Total  


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


489 


Imports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of,  into  the  Dominion  of  Canada 
during  the  Years  1889  to  1893,  inclusive — Continued. 


Wool,  manufactures  of— Continued. 

All  fabrics,  composed  wholly  or  in 
part  of  wool,  worsted,  etc. — Cont'd. 
Costing  over  10  cents  and  under  14 
cents  per  yard  


Years 
ending 
June 
30— 


1889 


1890 


1891 


1892 


1893 


On  all  such  goods  costing  14  cents 
and  over  


1889 


1890 


Countries. 


United  States  . . . 
United  Kingdom. 

France  

Germany  

Total  


United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

France  

Germany  

China  


Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

Austria  

France  

Germany  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

France  

Germany  

Switzerland  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom. . 

France  

Germany  

Switzerland  , 

Total  


United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

Austria  

France  

Germany  

Sweden  

Switzerland  


Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom . 

Austria  

Belgium  

France  

Germany  , 

Total  , 


Quantities. 


Yards. 
15?264 
4,  617,  952 
97,  474 
45, 358 


4,  776,  048 


7,  685 
4,  265,  890 
265,  593 
52,  827 
30 


4,  592,  025 


7, 105 
3, 493, 127 
656 
122,  251 
10. 090 


3,  633,  229 


31,  262 
2,  673,  044 
58,  049 
52,  952 
2,  647 


2,  817,  954 


22,  721 
2,  378,  732 
179,  095 
64,  542 
526 


2,  645,  616 


79,  069 
7, 101,  251 
657 
531,  642 
311,  017 
6 

2,  587 


8,  026,  229 


47,  923 
7,  923,  044 
173 
320 
905,  325 
380, 028 


9,  256,  813 


490 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Imports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of,  into  the  Dominion  of  Canada 
during  the  Years  1889  to  1893,  inclusive — Continued. 


Years 
ending 
June 
30— 


Countries. 


Quantities. 


Values. 


Wool,  manufacturers  of— Continued. 

All  fabrics,  composed  wholly  or  in 
part  of  wool,  worsted,  etc. — Cont'd. 
On  all  such  goods  costing  14  cents 
and  *ver  


Clothing,  ready-made,  and  wearing  ap- 
parel of  every  description  (ex- 
cept knit  goods)  not  otherwise 
provided  for,  composed  wholly  or 
in  part  of  wool,  worsted,  etc., 
and  made  up  or  manufactured 
wholly  or  in  part  by  the  tailor, 
seamstress,  or  manufacturer : 
Cloaks,  dolmans,  jackets,  talmas, 
ulsters,  or  other  outside  gar- 
ments for  ladies'  and  children's 
apparel  and  goods  of  similar 
description  


1891 


1892 


1893 


1889 


United  States  

United  Kingdom . 

Belgium  

France  

Germany  

Italy  

Japan  

Total  


United  States  

United  Kingdom  

Belgium  

France   

Germany  

Switzerland  

Turkey  

British  East  Indies . 
China  


Total . 


United  States  

United  Kingdom  . . . 

Belgium  

France  

Germany  

Italy  

Netherlands  

Russia  . 

Switzerland  

Newfoundland  

St.  Pierre  

China  

British  East  Indies. 


Total . 


United  States  ... 
United  Kingdom. 


Yards. 

45,  260 
7,  052,  089 
10 

795,  363 
342,  026 
335 
10 


Dollars. 

13,  361 
1, 964,  455 
4 

219,  620 
104,  630 
147 
3 


8,  235,  093    2,  302,  220 


70,  876 
,  736,  427 
3,  617 
735, 194 
356,  994 
7r  152 
48 
5 


9,  910,  319 


23,  009 
2,  320,  055 
1,314 
209, 164 
105,  819 
1,507 
20 
6 


2,  660,  897 


40,  676 
12,  502, 337 
1,033 
1, 178,  750 
645, 927 
11 
13,597  | 
7  j 

138, 420  ! 
7 

15 
3 

20 


14,  520,  803    3,  048,  339 


12,  018 
2,  532, 489 
401 
272,  717 
197,  726 
6 

2, 536 
2 

30, 419 
4 
4 
9 
8 


Pounds. 
4,  677 
315, 450 


8,  378 
416, 085 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


491 


Imports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of,  into  the  Dominion  of  Canada 
during  the  Years  1889  to  1893,  inclusive — Continued. 


Years 

ARTICLES. 

ending 
June, 

Countries. 

Quantities. 

Values. 

30 — 

AV  ool  manufacturers  of  Continued. 

Clothing,  ready-made,  etc.  Continued. 

Pounds. 

DollCLYS* 

1889 

1, 190 

803 

497 

1,080 

48, 498 

79, 159 

157 

161 

Newfoundland  

556 

350 

St.  Pierre  

45 

60 

883 

1, 194 

16 

8 

Total  

371,  969 

507,  278 

1890 

United  States  

5,  881 

13,  739 

United  Kingdom  

434, 195 

595, 001 

Austria  

4,  743 

3, 161 

111 

2, 168 

5,121 

67,  891 

105,  265 

32 

29 

Total  

515,  021 

722,  316 

1891 

United  States  

7,865 

16,  661 

United  Kingdom  

356,  621 

490,  647 

3,  296 

1,774 

825 

1,459 

Germany  

86, 837 

146, 485 

2 

2 

170 

238 

Japan  

6 

8 

Total  

455, 622 

657,  274 

1892 

United  States  

7,  639 

18,  778 

United  Kingdom  

368,  065 

562,  758 

448 

173 

440 

960 

100,  084 

173, 855 

Switzeiland  

366 

440 

China  

1,  783 

1,978 

6 

19 

Total  

478,  831 

758,  961 

1893 

14,  o4o 

26  037 

United  Kingdom  

453, 315 

611,  543 

1,  313 

1,872 

~Rp*l  0"?nm 

291 

934 

1,  570 

200,  538 

300, 816 

Turkey  

5 

6 

Newfoundland  

10 

8 

China  

99 

143 

Total  

670,  877 

942,  286 

492 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Imports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of,  into  the  Dominion  of  Canada 
during  the  Years  1889  to  1893  inclusive — Continued. 


Wool,  manufactures  of— Continued. 

Clothiug,  ready-made,  etc. — Continued. 
Coats,  vests,  trousers,  ulsters,  and 
outside  garments  for  men  and 
boys  


Tears 
ending 
June 
30— 


1889 


1890 


1891 


1892 


1893 


Countries. 


United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

Austria  

France   

Germany  

China  

Japan  

Total  


United  States  

United  Kingdom . 

Austria.  .*.  

Belgium  

France  

Germany  

Norway  

Cnina  

Australia  


Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

Austria  

France  

Germany  

China  


Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom  . . . 

France  

Germany  

Switzerland  

China  

British  East  Indies. 
Japan  

Total  


United  States  

United  Kingdom  . 

Austria  

Belgium  

France  

Germany  

Italy  

Turkey  

China  

Total  , 


Quantities. 

Value. 

Pounds. 

Dollars. 

1  773 

4  644 

54,  813 

59,  043 

6,  386 

3,  985 

558 

905 

6,  046 

9,  665 

163 

136 

20 

16 

69,  759 

78,  394 

3,  234 

6,  857 

114,  379 

120,  614 

1  970 

1  146 

6 

1 

105 

113 

7,  207 

11,  533 

30 

51 

499 

601 

8 

3 

127,  438 

140, 919 

1,  839 

4,413 

81,  975 

92, 123 

1,946 

1, 172 

517 

634 

11, 463 

20,  069 

287 

421 

98, 027 

118,  832 

3,518 

7,  041 

«7U,  OUO 

1,  642 

4,640 

15,  011 

30,  302 

4 

5 

301 

327 

20 

5 

15 

24 

106,  500 

139,  207 

2,  309 

4,  429 

85,  746 

102,  989 

121 

99 

474 

650 

903 

2, 171 

17,  043 

25, 186 

20 

49 

4 

4 

402 

456 

|       107. 022 

i —  — • 

136,  033 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


493 


Imports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of,  into  the  Dominion  of  Canada 
during  the  Years  1889  to  1893,  inclusive — Continued. 


Wool,  manufactures  of— Continued, 

Clothing,  ready-made,  etc. — Continued. 
Shirts,  drawers,  and  hosiery,  n.  e.  s 


Cloth  caps . 


Horse  clothing,  shaped  . 


Tears 
ending 
June 
30— 


1889 


1890 


1891 


1892 


1893 


1889 


1889 


1890 


Countries. 


United  States  

United  Kingdom  . 

Austria  

Belgium  

France  

Germany  

China  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom  . 

France  

Germany  

China  , 

Total  


United  States  

United  Kingdom  . 

France  

Germany  

China  

Total  


United  States  

United  Kingdom  . 

Germany  

China  

Hongkong  

Total  


United  States  

United  Kingdom 

France  

Germany  

Italy  

China  , 


Total . 


United  States  

United  Kingdom  . 

Germany  

China  


Total  . 


United  States  

United  Kingdom . . 

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom  . 

Total  


•  • 

Quantities . 

- 

Value. 

Pounds. 

Dollars. 

701 

1,561 

38,  894 

42,  583 

149 

166 

1 

3 

694 

1, 180 

4,  806 

7, 375 

234 

216 

45  479 

53  084 

277 

462 

27, 358 

26, 404 

6 

34 

601 

1,297 

142 

145 

28,  384 

28,  342 

185 

205 

22,  384 

20,  695 

2 

2 

704 

1,  257 

126 

233 

23  401 

22,  392 

570 

790 

20,  298 

15, 185 

447 

498 

109 

185 

22 

16 

21,446 

16,  674 

111 

188 

5,  960 

6, 890 

3 

4 

299 

390 

g 

7 

87 

110 

6, 468 

7,589 

383 

912 

15,  941 

22,  740 

123 

430 

24 

3 

16,  471 

24,  085 

361 

346 

246 

268 

607 

614 

333 

183 

347 

182 

680 

365 

494 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Imports  of  Wool,-  and  Manufactures  of,  into  the  Dominion  of  Canada 
during  the  Years  1889  to  1893,  inclusive — Continued. 


Tears 
ending 
June 
30— 


Countries. 


Quantities. 


Values. 


Wool,  manufactures  of— Continued. 

Clothing,  ready-made,  etc. — Continued. 
Horse  clothing,  shaped— Cont'd  . . . 


1891 


1892 


1893 


Clothing,  all  other,  n.  e.  s  


1890 


1891 


1892 


1893 


United  States  

United  Kingdom 

Total  


United  States  

United  Kingdom  . 

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom  . 

Total  , 


United  States  

United  Kingdom  . . . 

Belgium  

France  

Germany  

Italy  

China  

British  East  Indies . 
Japan  


Total . 


United  States  

United  Kingdom  . 

Germany  

Russia  

China  

Japan   

Total  


United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

Belgium  

France  

Germany  

China  


Total . 


United  States  — 
United  Kingdom  . 

France  

Germany  

China  

Hongkong  

Japan  

Total  


United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

France  

Germany  .... 

China  

Total  


Pounds, 

83 
153 


-Dollars. 
103 
04 


236 


155 


224 


220 
230 


450 


1,  383 
104,  962 
28 
27 

11,  080 
18 
13 
1 

128 


117,  640 


1,  404 
58, 771 
10 
29 

5,  029 
34 


65,  277 


1,549 
42,  593 
451 
5,  399 
101 
38 
28 


50, 159 


1,  899 
26, 155 
26 
2,434 
22 


30,  536 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


495 


Imports  of  "Wool,  and  Manufactures  of,  into  the  Dominion  of  Canada 
during  the  Years  1889  to  1893,  inclusive — Continued. 


Tears 
ending 
June 
30— 


Countries. 


Quantities. 


"Wool,  manufactures  of— Continued. 

Clothing,  ready-made,  etc.— .Continued. 
Clothing,  not  otherwise  provided 
for  


Carpets:  Brussels  and  tapestry. 


Brussels . 


Damask . 


Dutch  . 


1889 


1889 


1890 


1891 


1892 


1893 


1890 
1891 
1892 

1893 


1890 


1891 


United  States  

United  Kingdom. 


Total . 


United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

France  

Germany  

Spain  

Total  


United  States  

United  Kingdom . 

France  

Netherlands  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom . 

Total  


United  States  ... 
United  Kingdom. 
France  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

Austria  

France  

Germany  

China  

Japan  

Total  


United  Kingdom. 

 do  

 do  


United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

Total  


United  States  

United  Kingdom . 

Total 


Pounds. 


Yards. 

4,  235 
2,  348,  304 
253 
2,  710 
120 


2,  355,  622 


7, 024 
790.  885 
65 
158 


798. 132 


6,919 
717, 518 


724, 437 


6,  555 
722,  583 
735 


729,  873 


2,  572 
705,  319 
115 
446 
181 
12 
9 


708,  654 


872 
2, 859 
1,  351 


92 
269 


361 


113, 458 


113, 554 


8 

97,  650 


97,  658 


4% 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Imports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of,  into  the    Dominion  of  Canada 
during  the  Yeaks  1889  to  1893,  inclusive — Continued. 


Quantities. 

Values. 

Yards. 

Dollars. 

282 

57 

74, 970 

9,  042 

75,  252 

9.  099 

38 

35 

96,  357 

13, 024 

96,  395 

13, 059 

2,  263 

1,430 

1,  308,  713 

468,  554 

771 

542 

1,  311,  747 

470,  526 

1,  621 

741 

1,  504,  338 

505,  883 

912 

1,118 

291 

89 

1, 507, 162 

507,  831 

12,288 

6,  805 

1,557,  560 

469,  041 

3,  081 

1,123 

1,253 

379 

1,  574, 182 

477, 348 

31,  350 

7,962 

1, 847, 151 

579, 191 

1, 141 

I,  266 

518 

141 

1,880,160 

588,  560 

3,348 

285 

870 

82 

788 

471 

423 

45 

195 

72 

43 

23 

20 

10 

43 

22 

63 

32 

22 

21 

1,  266 

474 

1,  288 

495 

220 

1 1  Q 

4,  395 

1,047 

4,615 

1,166 

39 

39 

1,  711 

620 

1,  750 

659 

Wool,  manufactures  of— Continued. 

Clothing,  ready-made,  etc. — Continued. 
D  utch— Continued  


Tapestry  . 


Venetian  . 


Druggets . 


Felts,  printed. 


Years 
ending 
June 
30— 


1892 


1893 


1890 


1891 


1892 


1893 


18S0 
1891 
1892 
1893 

1891 
1892 

1893 


1890 


1891 


1892 


Countries. 


United  States  

United  Kingdom . 

Total  

United  States 
United  Kingdom . 

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom 
Trance  

Total  

United  States  ... 
United  Kingdom 

France  

Germany  

Total  

United  States  . . . 
United  Kingdom 

France  

Switzerland  , 

Total  

United  States  ... 
United  Kingdom 

France  , 

Germany  

Total  

United  Kingdom 
United  Kingdom 

United  States  

United  Kingdom 

United  Kingdom 
 do  

United  States  

United  Kingdom 

Total  , 

United  States  — 
United  Kingdom 

Total  , 

United  States  — 
United  Kingdom 

Total  , 

United  States  

United  Kingdom 

Total  , 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


497 


Imports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of,  into  the  Dominion  of  Canada 
during  the  Years  1889  to  1893,  inclusive— Continued. 


Wool,  manufactures  of—Continued. 

Carpets,  Brussels  and  tapestry— Con- 
tinued. 

Felts,  printed— Continued  


Smyrna  carpets. 


Carpets,  two-ply  and  three-ply, 

treble  ingrain,  composed  wholly 
of  wool  


Carpets,  two-ply  and  three-ply  in- 
grain, of  which  the  warp  is  com- 
posed wholly  of  cotton  or  other 
material  than  wool,  worsted,  etc . . 


H.  Mis.  94  32, 


Years 
ending 
June 
30— 


1893 


1890 
1891 


1892 


1893 


1889 


1890 


1891 


1892 


1893 


1889 


1890 


Countries. 


United  States  

United  Kingdom 

Total  

United  States  — 

United  States..:. 
United  Kingdom. 

Total  

United  States  — 
United  Kingdom 

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

Total  

United  States  — 
United  Kingdom. 

Total  

United  States  — 
United  Kingdom 
Germany  

Total  

United  States  ... 
United  Kingdom 
France  

Total  

United  States.... 
United  Kingdom. 

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

Total...... 


Quantities. 

Values. 

Yards. 

Dollars. 

97 

23 

283 

52 

380 

75 

15 

10 

290 

350 

186 

604 

476 

954 

79 

137 

134 

129 

213 

266 

57 

99 

18 

31 

75 

130 

Sq.  yards. 

4,163 

2, 156 

76, 488 

41, 715 

80,  651 

43,  871 

8,061 

4,  084 

71, 998 

39, 546 

80,  059 

43, 630 

9,  831 

5,  356 

53,  505 

30, 132 

63,  336 

35,  488 

10, 335 

5,  592 

50, 465 

29, 434 

21 

58 

60,  821 

35,  084 

6,  032 

3, 214 

47, 947 

26,  731 

17 

188 

30, 133 

6, 074 

2>,  000: 

41, 197 

17,  228 

47,  271 

19,  228 

11,  762 

4,  049 

44,135 

18,  644 

55,  897 

22,  693 

498 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Imports  of  Wool;  and  Manufactures  of,  into  the  Dominion  of  Canada 
during  the  Years  1889  to  1893,  inclusive — Continued. 


Tears 

ARTICLES. 

ending 
June 

Countries . 

Quantities . 

V  tHUtJiS. 

30— 

Wool,  manufactures  of — Continued. 

Carpets,  Brussels,  and  tapestry — Con- 

tinued. 

Sq.  yards. 

Dollars. 

Carpets,  two-ply,  etc.— Continued  . 

1891 

28,  588 

10,  065 

45,  353 

18,  934 

Total  

73,  941 

28, 999 

1892 

United  States  

39,  100 

13,  577 

United  Kingdom  

52,  983 

22,  068 

Total  

92,  083 

35,  645 

1893 

73,  484 

21,  071 

United  Kingdom  

40,  960 

18,  695 

Total  

114, 444 

39,  766 

Felts,  pressed,  of  all  kinds,  not 

filled  or  covered  by  or  with  any 

Pounds. 

1889 

48, 020 

9,  824 

115, 729 

39,  503 

141*,  U7Z 

50.  217 

British  East  Indies  

3,  200 

577 

Total  1 

ot  «  noi 
OiO,  UZ1 

i nn  i 91 

±UU,  lAL 

1890 

United  States  

50,  819 

13,  708 

United  Kingdom  

138, 646 

63, 712 

720 

190 

159,  920 

67,  481 

Total 

oOU,  JLUO 

±40,  uy± 

1891 

34,  986 

10, 188 

United  Kingdom  

63, 115 

26,  834 

341 

235 

i a o  ono 
14Z,  dvo 

63,  744 

z40,  835 

101,  001 

1892 

United  States  

70, 178 

17,  911 

United  Kingdom  

123,  243 

42, 019 

13, 102 

5,  820 

872 

439 

163,  615 

75,  274 

Total 

o  i  1,  U1U 

141, 463 

1893 

United  States  

62, 176 

15,  205 

133, 094 

45, 373 

2,  218 

427 

Germany  

197, 056 

76,  739 

Total  

394,  544 

137,  744 

Yards. 

Winceys  of  all  kinds,  n.  e.  s  

1889 

United  States  

216 

25 

129,  890 

9, 108 

120 

17 

Total  

130,  226 

9,150 

1S90 

198, 060 

11,  346 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


499 


Imports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of,  into  the  Dominion  of  Canada 
during  the  Years  1889  to  1893,  inclusive — Continued. 


ARTICLES. 


TVool,  manufactures  of— Continued. 

Winneys  of  all  kinds,  n.  e.  s.— Cont'd. 


"Woolen  netting  for  boots,  shoes,  and 
gloves  


Shoddy  . 


Years 
ending 
June 
30— 


1891 


1892 
1893 


1890 


1891 


1892 
1893 


1890 


1891 


1892 


1893 


Countries. 


United  States:  — 
United  Kingdom. 

Total  

United  Kingdom. 

United  States  ... 
United  Kingdom. 

Total  


United  States  — 
United  Kingdom. 

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom. . 

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom.. 

Total  

United  States  

United  States  

United  Kingdom 

Total  


United  States  

United  Kingdom 

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom  . 

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom 

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom. 

Total  


Quantities. 


Yards. 

5 

111,  328 


111,333 


72,  372 


452 
27,  787 


28,  239 


Values. 


Dollars. 

1 

7, 468 


Pounds. 
39,  764 
11,  463 

1,315 
2,  674 

51, 227 

3,989 

65, 804 
40,  387 

8,  907 
8,  597 

106, 191 

17,  504 

42,  311 
78, 669 

1,  696 
15,  771 

120,  980 

17,  467 

37,  803 
110, 312 

1,283 
20, 428 

148, 115 

21,  711 

16,565 
38,  448 

509 
6, 174 

55,  013 

6,  683 

500 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Exports  of  Wool  from  the  Dominion  of  Canada  during  the  Years  1889  to 

1893,  INCLUSIVE. 


Articles. 


Wool,  and  manufactures  of— 
Sheep  pelts  


Wool  . 


Woolens. 


Years 
ending 
June 
30— 


1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 

1893 


1889 


1890 


1891 


1892 


1893 


1889 


1890 


1891 


Countries. 


United  States. 

 do  

 do  

 do  


 do  

Newfoundland . 

Total .... 


United  States  

United  Kingdom  . 
Newfoundland  


Total . 


United  States. . 
Newfoundland. 

Total .... 


United  States.. 
Newfoundland. 


Total . 


United  States . . 
Newfoundland . 


Total . 


United  States . . 
Newfoundland . 

Total  


United  States  

United  Kingdom  

Newfoundland  

St.  Pierre  

British  West  Indies  . 


Total . 


United  States  

United  Kingdom  

France  

Newfoundland  

St.  Pierre  

British  West  Indies  . . 
Hawaiian  Islands  

Total  

United  States  

United  Kingdom  

Prance   

Newfoundland  

St.  Pierre  

British  West  Indies  . . 
Spanish  West  Indies  . 
British  Guiana  

Total  


Quantities. 


Number. 
44, 487 
33,  096 
39, 168 
53,  690 


116,  438 
30 


116,  468 


Pounds. 
1,  011,  457 
2,  800 
744 


1,  015,  001 


1, 046,  894 
860 


1,  047,  754 


1, 107,  560 
726 


1, 108,  286 


913, 170 
3,  220 


916,  390 


1, 167,  360 
1,474 


1, 168,  834 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  501 


Exports  of  Wool  from  the  Dominion  of  Canada  during  the  Years  1889  to 

1893,  inclusive — Continued. 


Articles. 

Tears 
ending 
June 
30— 

Countries. 

Quantities. 

Value. 

Wool,  manufactures  of— 

1892 
1893 

Number. 

Dollar*. 

42, 922 
7,  965 
19, 403 
128 
10,  226 

80,  644 

1,  645 
6,  358 
225 
23  617 
606 
1,  591 
582 
950 
418 

35, 992 

"NTAnrfirvnTi*!  1  cmrl 

St.  Pierre  

Total  

EUROPE. 


AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.   IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  OF  RAW  WOOL,  1879-189.. 


THOUSAND 

METRIC 
CENTNERS. 

\l87S  | 

\1880  1 

CO 
CO 

\1882  | 

\1883  | 

s 

00 

«0 

QO 
^0 

^1 

\1886  1 

CO 

CO 
N( 

00 

<*> 

CO 

1*1 

8& 

1890  | 

1891  | 

-J 

-/ 

\ 

275 

/ 

v 

A 

• 

1 

/ 

A 

/ 

250 

/- 

225 

200 

175 

150 

125 

< 

/ 

—J 

\ 
\ 

/ 

\ 

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/ 
t 

\ 

> 

/ 

N 

I 

V- 

\ 

/ 

\ 

t- 

/ 

V 

* 

/ 
/ 

100 

1 

\ 

\ 

-X 

1 
1 

> 

,-- 

r 

/ 

\ 

1 

—x 

V 

\ 

t 

i- 

-r 
\ 

\ 

/ 

/ 

\ 

/ 

J 

\ 

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/ 

\ 
\ 

. 

75 

r 
l 

\ 
\ 

t 

-X 

\ 

f 

50 

Imports. 
Exports. 


AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 


Although  Austria-Hungary  are  joined  in  commercial  transactions, 
yet  from  the  standpoint  of  wool  the  two  divisions  must  have  separate 
interests.  Huugary  is  a  wool- exporting  country;  Austria,  on  the  other 
hand,  imports  very  largely,  so  much  as  to  more  than  balance  the  Hun- 
garian exports.  The  number  of  sheep  and  lambs  in  the  two  countries  point 
to  this.  In  1880  Austria  contained  3,841,340  sheep  and  lambs  as  against 
9,838,133  in  Hungary.  This  is  the  only  year  for  which  I  can  find  coin- 
cident returns.  In  1884  the  Hungarian  census  returns  10,594,831  sheep 
and  lambs,  but  this  return  did  not  include  the  number  of  animals  in 
Croatia  and  Slavonia.  It  is  estimated  that  these  two  provinces  contain 
about  589,000  sheep  and  lambs.  In  1891  Austria  contained  3,186,787 
sheep  and  lambs.  Apparently,  therefore,  the  number  of  sheep  in  Hun- 
gary was  increasing  and  the  number  in  Austria  decreasing.  In  reality 
Hungary  also  showed  a  falling  off,  as  in  1870  the  official  census  returned 
15,076,997  head  of  sheep  and  lambs.  This  intensive  feature  of  the 
Austro-Hungarian  wool  interests,  leading  to  a  decline  in  the  exports 
and  an  increased  import,  is  further  shown  by  its  commercial  relations  to 
the  United  States.  In  1872  1,333,338  pounds  of  wool  were  exported  to 
the  United  States;  but  in  recent  years  it  has  ceased  to  be  a  factor  in 
the  American  supply,  and  figures  only  as  a  comparatively  unimportant 
contributor  of  manufactures  of  wool. 

As  a  consumer  of  wools  it  is  of  interest  to  determine  whence  Austria- 
Hungary  obtains  its  supplies.  From  its  geographical  position  it  is 
natural  to  find  the  greatest  share  of  its  supply  is  obtained  from  Ger- 
many; and  the  price  at  which  it  is  enabled  to  obtain  wool  in  that 
country  places  other  countries  at  a  disadvantage.  The  carriage  of 
wool,  constituting  quite  an  important  item  in  the  ultimate  cost,  is  clearly 
indicated  in  the  statement  of  wool  imports  into  Austria-Hungary  in 
1892,  which  shows  the  country  of  shipment  and  the  custom-house  or 
official  valuation  of  each  kind  of  wool  by  countries.  It  will  be  seen  how 
greatly  favored  Germany  is,  and  also  how  large  a  proportion  of  the 
annual  supplies  are  drawn  from  European  centers. 

505 


506 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Imports  of  Wool  into  Austria- Hungary,  1892. 

[n.  e.  s. :  Not  elsewbere  specified.] 


Quantity. 

Value 
per 
unit. 

Value. 

Kilograms 

Gulden. 

Gulden. 

143,  800 

1.92 

276, 096 

500 

2.  00 

1,000 

6,  300 

2.  00 

12,  COO 

29, 500 

1.05 

30,  975 

300 

9  Art 

600 

28,  300 

1.05 

29,  715 

8,  900 

2. 00 

17,  800 

700 

2.  00 

1,  400 

82,  500 

2.  00 

165,  000 

94,  500 

2.00 

189,  000 

4,  096,  500 

1. 9725 

8,  079,  606 

50,  700 

3. 73 

189, 111 

12,  700 

1.98 

25, 146 

1,  200 

3.  30 

3,  960 

*  1,100 

2.  56 

2,  816 

05, 700 

3.  365 

221,  033 

i  291  Qon 

J.,  ^-^j  OUU 

1.  20 

1  46°  160 

4,  700 

1.  20 

5,  640 

127,  200 

1.  40 

178, 080 

22,  300 

1.20 

26,  760 

14,  000 

1.20 

16,  800 

293,  600 

1.  30 

381, 680 

7,  300 

1.20 

8,  760 

1  693  400 

1.  2325 

2,  086,  880 

2, 105,  600 

2.  20 

4,  632,  320 

77, 100 

1.70 

131,  070 

243, 400 

1.95 

474,  630 

489,  500 

2.  20 

1,  076,  900 

5,  900 

1.  95 

11,  505 

35,  400 

2.  20 

77,  880 

2,  956  900 

2. 166 

6, 404,  305 

2,  094, 100 

.58 

1,214,578 

108,  600 

.58 

62,  988 

12,  800 

.  70 

8,  960 

1,900 

.58 

1, 102 

100 

.58 

58 

86,  900 

.58 

50, 402 

3,  900 

.58 

2,  262 

300 

.35 

105 

2,  303,  COO 

581 

1,  340,  455 

Sheep's  wool,  un- 
washed, also 
wool  waste: 

Free  port  of 
Trieste  

Germany  

Free  port  of 
Hamburg;  

Free  port  of 
Bremen  

United  Kingdom . 

France   

Italy  

Russia  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

Switzerland  

Portugal  

Greece  

Turkey  

Bulgaria  

Roumania  

Servia  

Montenegro  

British  India  

Egypt  

Algiers  

Capeland  

United  States  

Brazil  

Argentine  Re- 
public   

America,  n.  e.  s... 

Australasia,  Brit- 
ish   

Australasia  


Quantity. 


Kilograms 
1,500 
6,  892,  800 

14, 900 

21,  800 
2,  218,  300 
83,  700 
135,  000 
786,  600 
95,  500 
911,  000 
143,  800 
9,  300 
110,  500 
558,  700 
33,800 
795,  500 
12.  300 
25, 400 
59,  600 
8,  800 
4,  800 
32, 200 
45,  300 
538,  400 

562,  300 
214,  900 

1,  488,  200 
1,  056,  900 


Value 
per 
unit. 


Total  

Sheep's  wool, 
washed  and 
scoured : 

Free  port  of 
Trieste  

Germany  

Free  port  of  Ham 
burg  

Free  port  of  Bre- 
men  

United  Kingdom . 

France  

Italy  

Russia  

Netherlands  

Belgium  


Gulden. 
1.05 
1.05 


.96 
1.23 
1.35 
1. 17 

.62 
1.05 
1.05 
1.35 
1.05 
1.05 

.73 
1.05 

.73 

0.  00 
1.05 
1.05 
1.05 
1.05 
1.05 
1.05 
1.05 

1.05 

1.  05 

1.05 
1.  05 


Value. 


Gulden. 

1,575 
7,  237, 440 

14, 304 

20,  928 
2,  728,  509 
112, 995 
157,  950 
487,  692 
100,  275 
956,  550 
194, 130 
9,  765 
116,  025 
407,  851 
35,  490 
580,  715 
12,  300 
26,  670 
62,  055 
9,  240 
5, 040 
33,  810 
47,  565 
565, 320 

590, 415 
225,  645 

1,  562,  610 
1, 109,  745 


16,861,300  j  1.032517,412,609 


300 
1,  397,  900 

5,  300 

5, 100 
93,  700 
148,  000 
29,  500 
584, 800 
193, 100 
1,  243, 500 


2.00 
2.  00 

2. 00 

2.  00 
2.00 
1.92 
1.80 
1.95 
2.00 
2.  00 


600 

2,  795,  800 

10,  600 

10,  200 
187, 400 
284, 160 
5'5, 100 
1,  140,  300 
38G,  200 
2, 487,  000 


Sheep's  wool, 
washed  and 
scoured— Con'd. 

Switzerland  

Spain  

Greece  

Turkey  

Bulgaria  

Roumania  

Montenegro  

Argentine  Repub 
lie  

America,  n.  e.  s... 

Australasia,  n.e.s, 


Total  . 


Sheep's  wool,  dyed 
or  bleached : 

Germany  

United  Kingdom 

Belgium  

Switzerland  


Total  

Wool,  combed  or 
carded  in  flocks 

Germany  

Hamburg  

United  Kingdom 

France  

Italy  

Belgium  

Switzerland  

Total  


Wool  waste  : 

Germany  

United  Kingdom 

France  

Belgium  

Switzerland  

Australia  


Total  

Shoddy: 

Germany  

United  Kingdom 

France   

Italy  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

Switzerland  


Total  . 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Imports  of  Wool  into  Au stria- Hungary,  1892— Continued. 


507 


Alpaca,  cashmere, 
vicuna,  camels', 
goats',  and  an- 
gora hair : 

Germany  

United  Kingdom. 

Russia  

Turkey  

America  

Australia  

Total  


Quantity. 


Kilograms 
3,  800 
61,  700 
10, 100 
900 
14,  400 
7, 800 


98, 700 


Value 
per 
unit. 


Gulden 


1. 10 


Value. 


Gulden. 
4, 180 
67,  870 
11,110 
990 
15,  840 
8,  540 


108,  570 


Hair  of  hare,  rabbit, 
beaver,  mon- 
key, muskrat, 
and  nutria. 

Germany  

United  Kingdom. 

France  

Italy  

jium  

Total  


Quantity, 


Value 
per 
unit. 


Kilograms  Gulden 
29,800  1 


4,  000 
4,500 
1,  000 
14,  900 
1,  300 


55,  500       8. 50 


Value. 


Gulden. 
253,  300 
34,  000 
38, 250 
8,  500 
126,  650 
11,  050 


471,  750 


Exports  of  Wool  from  Austria-Hungary,  1892. 


Sheep's  wool,  un- 
washed; also  in 
waste . 

Free  port  of  Tri- 
este  

Germany  

Free  port  of  Ham- 
burg  

Free  port  of  Bre- 
men   

United  Kingdom . 

France   

Italy  

Russia  

Sweden  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

Switzerland 

Turkey  

Rou mania   

Servia  

Reimported  

Total  

Sheep's  wool, 
washed  or 
scoured : 

Free  port  of  Tri- 
este   

Germany  

Free  port  of  Ham- 
burg   

Free  port  of  Bre- 
men   

United  Kingdom . 

France   

Italy  

Russia  

Netherlands  

Belgium......... 


39,  500 

1.42 

56,  090 

2,  663,  000 

1.44 

3,  834,  720 

207, 300 

1.44 

298, 512 

17,  000 

1.44 

24,  480 

9,  300 

1.37 

12,  741 

150,  700 

1.71 

257,  697 

137,  000 

1.  44 

197,  280 

7, 300 

1.44 

10, 512 

100 

1.42 

142 

16,  500 

1.42 

23,  430 

77,  200 

1.42 

109,  624 

27,  300 

1.  62 

44, 226 

3,800 

1.13 

4,  294 

5,  200 

1. 13 

5,  876 

33, 000 

1.13 

37,  290 

200 

1.  42 

284 

3,  394,  400 

1.449 

4,  917, 198 

13, 200 

1.  86 

24,  552 

667,  300 

1.86 

1, 241, 178 

319,  300 

1.86 

593. 898 

12,  500 

1.86 

23,  250 

6, 100 

1.66 

10, 126 

5,  600 

2.  30 

12,  880 

592,  700 

1.86 

1, 102,  422 

43, 700 

1.86 

81, 282 

9,  500 

1.  86 

17,  670 

14,  200 

1.86 

26, 412 

Sheep's  wool, 
washed  or 
scoured  —  Con- 
tinued. 

Switzerland  

Bulgaria  

Roumania  

Servia  

United  States  of 
America  

Total  

Sheep's  wool,  dyed 
or  bleached : 

Germany  

Free  port  of  Ham- 
burg  

Free  port  of  Bre- 
men   

United  Kingdom . 

France  

Italy  

Russia  

Netherlands  

Spain  

Greece  

Turkey  , 

Bulgaria  

Roumania  

Servia   

Total  

Wool  combed  or 
carded  in  flocks 

Germany  

Belgium  

Servia  

Total  


27,  500 
600 
7,100 
35,  800 

14,  900 


1,770,  000 


26,  900 

1,200 

5,500 
200 
100 
200 
600 
900 
200 
100 
100 
200 
9, 700 
1,  800 


2.  23 
1.86 
1.42 
1. 42 

1.  86 


61,  325 
1,116 
10,  082 
50, 836 

27,  714 


1.856  I  3,284,743 


47,  700 

2.  90 

138,  330 

137,100 

150,  125 

7,  900 

8,  651 

400 



438 

145, 400 

1.095 

159, 214 

78, 010 

3,480 

15,  950 
580 
290 
580 
1,740 
2,  610 
580 
290 
290 
580 
28, 130 
5,  220 


508  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Exports  of  Wool  from  Austria-Hungary,  1892— Continued. 


Wool  waste 
(Kammzug) : 

Germany  

Russia  

Switzerland  

Total  

Shoddy: 

Germany  

Free  port  of  Ham- 
burg  

United  Kingdom. 

Trance   

Russia  

•Netherlands  

Belgium  

Roumania  

Total  

Alpaca,  cashmere, 
Vicuna,  camel, 
goat,  and  An- 
gora hair: 
Germany  


Quantity. 


Kilograms 
59,  000 
200 
400 


59,  600 


473,  600 

116,  900 
172,  300 
6,  300 
12,  500 
33,  200 
32,  500 
10, 400 


857,  700 


800 


Value 
per 
unit. 


Gulden 


1.  96 


.35 


Value. 


Gulden. 
115,  640 
392 
784 


116,  816 


165,  760 

40, 915 
60,  305 

2,  205 
4,375 

11,  620 
11,  375 

3,  640 


300, 195 


264 


Alpaca,  cashmere, 
vicuna,  camel, 
goat,  and  An- 
gora hair  — 
Continued. 

Free  port  of  Ham- 
burg  

Italy  , 

Russia  

Turkey  

Roumania  

Total  

Hair  of  rabbit, 
beaver,  mon- 
key, musk  rat 
and  nutria: 

Germany  

France  

Italy  

Russia  

;ium  

Total  


Quantity. 


Kilograms 
500 
300 
8,  000 
100 
200 


Value 
per 
unit. 


Value. 


Gulden. 


Gulden. 
165 


2,  640 
33 


9,  900 


29, 400 
400 
500 
3, 400 
900 


34,  600 


.33 


3,267 


191, 100 

2,  600 

3,  250 
22, 100 

5,  850 


6. 50 


224,  900 


In  Austria-Hungary  the  tariff  law  in  force  in  1837  imposed  a  duty  of 
30  kreutzers  the  gross  centner,  equal  to  about  25  cents  the  123J  pounds, 
or  one-fifth  of  a  cent  a  pound.  The  tariff  law  of  June  27,  1878,  made 
free,  wool,  raw,  washed  carded,  colored,  bleached,  milled,  and  waste, 
and  it  has  remained  free  to  the  present  day. 


BELGIUM. 


IMPORTS  OF  RAW  WOOL,  1874-1891 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


509 


Quantities  and  Values  of  Wool  and  Manufactures  of  Wool  Imported  into 
and  Exported  from  Austria- Hungary  1875  to  1890. 

[One  metric  centner  equals  123-4615  pounds.    One  gulden  equals  48.5  cents.] 


YEARS. 

Wool,  raw. 

"Woolen  yarn. 

Other  manu- 
factures. 

Wool,  raw. 

Manufactures 
of  wool,  a 

Quan- 
tity. 

V  alue. 

Quan- 
tity. 

Value. 

Quan- 
tity. 

Value. 

Quan- 
tity. 

Value. 

Quan- 
tity. 

Value. 

Met. 

Quieten, 

Met. 

Gulden. 

Met. 

Gulden. 

Met. 

Gulden. 

Met. 

Gulden . 

ctr. 

ctr. 

ctr. 

ctr. 

ctr. 

1875  ... 

(b) 

(b) 

34,  062 

14, 090,  000 

41,557 

26,  696,  000, 

(b) 

(b) 

37, 921 

20,  718, 000 

1876  . . . 

(b) 

(b) 

27, 642 

9,  898,  000 

35,  212 

21,  963,  000 

(b) 

(b) 

37,  675 

21,  314,  000 

1877  ... 

(W 

(b) 

34,  249 

11,769,  000 

26,412 

15,  844,  000 

(b) 

(b) 

38,  643 

20, 883,  000 

1878  . . . 

(b) 

(b) 

35,  646 

11,225,  000 

37, 358 

20, 131,  000 

(b) 

(b) 

43,  587 

25, 114,  000 

1879  . . . 

192,  959 

34, 482,  000 

38, 497 

13,  623,  000 

31,  811 

19, 579,  000 

76,  251 

15,  009,  000 

49,  338 

27,  616, 000 

1880  . . , 

189,  478 

35,  934,  000 

36,  764 

13,  692,  000 

33, 103 

21,  043,  000 

120, 469 

26, 267,  000 

43,  676 

24,  401,  000 

1881  . . . 

210, 902 

40, 181,  000 

38, 763 

14, 161,  000 

34,  052 

21,  411,  000 

94,631 

19,  768,  000 

53,  637 

30,  335,  000 

1882  . . . 

238,  585 

38,  863,  000 

42,  924 

14, 943,  000 

34,  726 

22,  350,  000 

96,  997 

20,  379,  000 

52,  840 

30,  025,  000 

1883  . . . 

244,  856 

37,  075,  000 

42,  343 

13,  029,  000 

30,  352 

19,  263,  000 

122,  901 

24,  605, 000 

46,  680 

26, 235, 000 

1884  . . . 

255,  856 

38,  420,  000 

49,  548 

14,  708,  000 

28, 100 

18,  017,  000 

113, 748 

21,  923,  000 

50,  822 

26,  615,  000 

1885  ... 

219, 701 

26, 648, 000 

47, 493 

12,  278,  000 

22,  256 

13,  801,  000 

91,  989 

13, 919,  000 

46,  761 

21, 846,  000 

1886... 

207, 500 

31, 498,  000 

48,  417 

13,  596,  000 

20,  623 

13,  348,  000 

128, 817 

24,  365,  000 

53,  393 

27,  357, 000 

1887  . . . 

241, 581 

41,  208,  000 

52, 131 

16,  417,  0C0 

18, 802 

12,  034,  000 

65,  751 

14,  916,  000 

47,  940 

25, 126,  000 

1888  . . . 

226, 194 

36,  653,  000 

56, 153 

i6,  534,  000 

17,  320 

9,  858,  000 

89,  883 

18, 740,  000 

47,  752 

24, 910,  000 

1889  . . . 

287, 180 

49,  915,  000 

60, 191 

19,  791,  000 

18, 133 

10, 129,  000 

127,  543 

29, 488,  000 

52, 808 

25, 315,  000 

1890  . . . 

259, 169 

39,  671,  000 

55,  529 

17,  880,  000 

19, 084 

9,  624,  000 

97,  786 

20,  046,  000 

51, 184 

22,  514,  000 

1891.  .. 

267, 307 

37,  057,  000 

61,  414 

17,  720,  000 

21,  754 

11,  974,  000 

70, 188 

11,  905,  000 

37, 895 

16, 887,  000 

a  Tarn  not  included. 


b  Not  stated. 


BELGIUM. 

The  situation  of  Belgium  in  the  wool  trade  (as  a  producer  this  country 
need  hardly  be  considered,  possessing  in  1880  only  365,400  sheep  and 
lambs)  is  peculiar.  The  imports  of  raw  wools  are  very  large,  but  they 
are  largely  intended  for  other  markets  of  consumption.  Thus,  in  1891 
the  imports  of  wool  in  the  general  commerce  of  Belgium  were  145,776,277 
kilograms;  in  the  special  commerce  only  42,162,612  kilograms.  The 
quantity  exported  in  the  same  year  was  106,374,669  kilograms,  of  which 
only  2,761,004  kilograms  were  of  Belgian  origin,  and  the  other  part, 
103,613,665  kilograms,  was  of  foreign  origin,  in  transit  for  European 
centers  of  consumption  other  than  Belgian. 

As  a  distributor  of  wool  the  position  of  Belgium  has  not  materially 
changed  since  1885.  In  that  year  the  total  imports  were  139,911,382 
kilograms,  and  in  1891  145,776,277  kilograms,  an  increase  of  about  4 
per  cent.  The  total  exports  in  1885  were  99,223,007  kilograms,  and  in 
1891  106,374,669  kilograms,  an  increase  of  7-2  per  cent.  The  quantity 
of  Belgian  wool  exported  fell  from  3,115,699  kilograms  in  1885  to 
2,761,004  kilograms  in  1891,  a  decrease  of  11  per  cent.    The  sources  of 


510 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


supply  of  imports  and  the  countries  of  destination  of  exports  in  the  two 
years  are  shown  in  the  following  table: 


COUNTRY  OF  ORIGIN  OR  DESTINATION. 

IMPORTS  (GENERAL). 

EXPORTS. 

1885 

1891 

1885 

1891 

7,  565,  675 
33,  073,  922 

8, 140,  891 
29,  051,  069 

43,  763,  596 
5,  448,  414 
1,  321,  559 

39, 499,  573 
4,  333,  849 
2, 148,  732 

24, 224,  996 
152,  338 

33,  992,  554 
278,  407 

424, 171 
33,  882 

2,  213,  333 
86, 722 
126, 192 

Brazil  

2,  700,  858 
175,  545 
147,  268 

1, 104,  916 
165,  319 

Chile  

171,  781 

Denmark  

31, 039 
190,  799 
9,  828,  897 
103, 449 
401,  462 

51,273 
703,  456 
35,  612,  856 
547,  764 
214,  527 
1, 008,  271 
3,  347,  415 
400,  975 

95,  368 
361,711 
46,  829, 193 
246,  085 
3,  629,  768 
1,015, 130 
3, 190, 770 
131, 920 

United  States  

237,  849 
27,  660, 059 

France  

Luxemburg  

Italy  

Netherlands  

12,  398,  726 

9,  284,  004 

1,  221,  790 
135, 800 

Dutch  

63,  960 

212,800 
42,  445,  074 
604,  766 
36,  485 
126,  887 
3,  372,  208 
28, 108 

31,  844,  503 
450, 415 

267,  638 
947,  727 
3, 052,  394 

191, 465 
684, 821 
1,  531, 405 

1,  454,  303 
582,  617 

11, 129 

58,  632 

Total  

139,  911,  382 
244,  844,  918 

145,  776,  277 
255, 108, 485 

99,  223,  007 
181, 113, 140 

106,  374,  669 
195, 128, 934 

Of  the  quantities  exported  in  1885  the  larger  share  was  derived  from 
the  Argentine  Bepublic,  42,343,200  kilograms.  This  was  an  exceptional 
contribution  from  the  Argentine,  and  has  not  been  even  approached  in 
any  subsequent  year.  In  1888  26,417,225  kilograms  were  of  Argentine 
origin,  and  that  quantity  is  nearer  the  normal.  Of  late  years  there  has 
been  a  decrease;  27,755,092  kilograms  in  1889;  19,208,282  kilograms  in 
1890;  and  21,503,437  kilograms  in  1891.  The  countries  that  have  most 
benefited  by  the  falling  oft*  of  the  imports  from  Argentine  are  Australia 
and  France.  In  1885  Australia  contributed  17,961,455  kilograms;  in  1889 
only  9,265,922  kilograms.  In  1890  the  share  of  Australia  rose  to 
20,854,138  kilograms,  and  in  1891  to  24,130,641  kilograms.  To  take  the 
share  contributed  by  France  in  1885,  2,642,988  kilograms,  would  give  a 
wrong  impression  of  the  importance  of  that  country  in  this  transit  trade 
in  wool  of  Belgium.  In  1888  France  gave  21,423,872  kilograms ;  in  1890, 
19,477,864  kilograms;  and  in  1891,  19,388,560  kilograms.    The  decrease 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


511 


that  has  occurred  in  the  wools  credited  to  the  United  Kingdom  is 
doubtless  due  to  an  increased  direct  importation  from  Australia  and 
other  British  colonies.  In  1885  the  contribution  of  England  was  small 
as  compared  with  subsequent  years,  17,641,853  kilograms.  In  1888, 
30,061,873  kilograms;  in  1889,  28,258,265  kilograms;  and  in  1890, 
26,235,601  kilograms  were  obtained  from  the  United  Kingdom.  In  1891 
these  imports  fell  to  19,674,385  kilograms.  I  can  only  repeat,  it  is  from 
the  commercial  side  that  Belgium  presents  any  point  of  interest  in  the 
wool  industry,  constituting,  as  it  were,  the  center  of  distribution  for 
feeding  the  needs  of  other  continental  countries. 

One  point  may  be  mentioned  in  connection  with  these  returns,  the 
general  stability  of  the  price  or  valuation  of  imported  and  exported 
wools  in  the  Belgian  returns. 


EXPORTS. 

YEARS. 

IMPORTS. 

Domestic. 

Foreign. 

Francs. 

Francs. 

Francs. 

1885  

1.  75 

4. 15 

1.  75 

1886  

1887  

1.75 

4.15 

1.  75 

1888  

1.75 

4.15 

1. 75 

1889  

2.  00 

5. 25 

2. 00 

1890  

2.  00 

5.  75 

2.  00 

1891  

1.75 

5. 00 

1. 75 

512 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Since  writing  the  above  the  returns  of  1892  have  been  received.  I  take 
the  opportunity  offered  to  give  in  parallel  columns  the  u  general"  and 
the  u  special"  commerce  in  wool  of  Belgium,  to  still  further  indicate 
the  character  and  extent  of  the  indirect  movement: 


COUNTRY  OF  ORIGIN  OR  DESTINA- 
TION. 


Germany  

United  Kingdom  

Australia  

Austria  

Bremen  

Brazil  

Cape  of  Good  Hope  . . . 

United  States  

France   

Hamburg  

British  India  

Argentine  Republic  . . 

Russia  

Uruguay   

Netherlands   

Denmark  

Luxemburg  

Italy  

Portugal  

Roumania  

Sweden  and  Norway  . 

Switzerland  

Other  


Total  

Value  (francs)  

Average  (francs) 


General. 


Kilograms. 
5,  208,  864 
24,  998,  425 
44,  756,  812 
176, 117 
124,  274 

1,  067,  278 
525,  813 
160,  876 

31,  290,  543 
360,  422 
130,  271 

31,  349,  472 
842,  451 

2,  898, 485 
4,  855,  070 


Special. 


490,  284 


149,  235, 457 
261, 162,  050 
1. 75 


Kilograms. 
907,  468 

6,  096,  424 

7,  418,  390 

23, 665 
27,  280 
415,  808 
123,  342 
39,  599 

7,  483,  689 

84,  273 
32,  649 

8,  331,  742 
197,  882 
724, 439 
775,  833 


83,  680 


32, 766, 163 
57, 340,  785 
1.75 


EXPORTS. 

General. 

Special. 

Kilograms. 
45, 137,  013 
3,  461,  923 

Kilograms. 
205. 162 
1,  680 

2,  678,  646 
1.  647,  026 

5,  292 

929,  284 
55, 017,  634 
1,568,  760 

1,  703, 189 

609,  809 

2, 220,  628 
84,  571 
220,  642 
1,  383,  905 
66,  059 
72,  821 
848,  825 
2, 421,  293 
146,  598 

53, 199 

71, 474 

6, 141 

118,  515,  437 
212,  517,  373 
1.  75 

2, 046, 143 
8,  696, 108 
4.  25 

0 


DENMARK.    IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  OF  RAW  WOOL,  1874-1891. 


Imports. 
Exports. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OP  WOOL. 


513 


Quantities  and  Values  of  Wool  and  Manufactures  of  Wool  Imported 
into  and  Exported  from  Belgium,  1874  to  1891. 


[One  kilogram  equals  2*20462  pounds;  one  franc  equals  19.3  cents.] 


IMPORTS. 

EXPORTS. 

Manu- 

Manufactures of  wool. 

YEARS. 

Wool,  raw. 

factures  of 

wool. 

Yarn. 

Other  manufactures. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Kilograms. 

Francs. 

Francs. 

1  rrn 

Kilograms. 

Francs. 

Kilograms . 

Francs. 

1874  

CI     f\KA  AAA 

51,  054,  UUU 

11  A    0*71  AAA 

114,  o/l,  UUU 

26,  318,  000 

4,  949, 000 

49,  369,  000 

2, 792,  000 

43,  390,  000 

1875  

a  c  oor;  AAA 
40,  oZO,  UUU 

11/1    KttO  AAA 

114,  OO.S,  UUU 

26,  765,  000 

4,  571,  000 

47,  854,  000 

2,  608, 000 

41,  628,  000 

1876  

K1    OAK  AAA 

oi,  yuo,  uuu 

1          (71  A  AAA 

100,  / 14,  UUU 

25,  710,  000 

3,  689,  000 

39,  527,  000 

2,  318,000 

38, 953,  000 

1877  

4o,  y04,  UUU 

ioy,  uyy,  uuu 

22,  981,  000 

4,  880,  000 

48,  890,  000 

2  256,000 

34, 195,  000 

1878  

Ad    Z.A1  AAA 

4o,  041,  UUU 

1  A  R    df\A  AAA 

140,  OU4,  UUU 

21,  946,  000 

6,  392,  000 

67,  511,  000 

2,  723,  000 

38, 960,  000 

1879  

4J,  Zo/,  UUU 

-\A(\    RQO  AAA 

14U,  Ooo,  UUU 

19,  266,  000 

6,  541,  000 

63,  551,  000 

1,  938,  000 

25,  754,  000 

1880  

49,  265,  000 

184,  743, 000 

23,  494,  000 

7,  699,  000 

78,  516,  000 

1,  948,  000 

27,  903,  000 

1881  

45,  509, 000 

177, 485,  000 

22,  746,  000 

7,  790,  000 

73,  987,  000 

2, 180,  000 

31,  365,  000 

1882  

57,  005,  000 

114,  010,  000 

22,  210,  000 

6,  864,  000 

41,  961,  000 

2,  356,  000 

30, 380,  000 

1883  

48,  358,  000 

96,  716,  000 

20, 817, 000 

8,  966,  000 

55,  240, 000 

1, 982,  000 

25, 168,  000 

1884 

36,  417,  000 

72,  835,  000 

21,  025,  000 

8,  911,  000 

53,  227,  000 

2,  219,  000 

26, 469,  000 

1885  

43,  802,  000 

76,  654,  000 

21, 948, 000 

9,  379,  000 

46,  768,  000 

2,  550, 000 

28,  535,  000 

1886  

39, 199,  000 

68, 597,  000 

20, 137,  000 

11, 225, 000 

56,  041,  000 

2,  091,  000 

22,  537,  000 

IF  87  

44,  377,  000 

77,  660,  000 

20, 301, 000 

11,581,000 

54,  606,  000 

2, 162,  000 

23,  450,  000 

3888  

38,  084,  000 

66,  646,  000 

19,  820,  000 

11,  994,  000 

55,  677,  000 

2,  331,  000 

25,  346,  000 

1889  

44, 164,  000 

88,  328,  000 

19,  586,  000 

12,  658,  000 

62,  663,  000 

2,  448,  000 

26,  557,  000 

1890  

35,  023,  000 

70,  046,  000 

20,  941,  000 

11,  093,  000 

54,  527,  000 

2,  667,  000 

29,  006,  000 

1891  

42, 163,  000 

73,  785,  000 

23,  062,  000 

11,461,  000 

65,  824,  000 

2,  529, 000 

26,  240,  000 

DENMARK. 


Prior  to  1888  Denmark  exported  more  raw  wool  than  it  imported, 
and  in  that  year  the  movement  was  almost  balanced:  2,794,647  punds 
(pund=14025  pounds)  of  imports,  and  2,775,325  punds  of  exports. 
Since  that  year  the  imports  have  increased,  till  they  attained  the 
amount  of  3,770,205  punds  in  1891,  as  compared  with  an  export  of 
2,633,254  punds.  The  quantity  of  manufactures  of  wool  imported 
remained  about  the  same  in  the  two  years:  6,141,384  punds  in  1888 and 
6,255,527  punds  in  1891.  The  number  of  sheep  and  lambs  has  not  been 
returned  since  1888 ;  but  the  returns  of  that  and  previous  years  point 
to  a  steady  decline:  1,842,481  in  1871;  1,719,249  in  1876;  1,548,613  in 
1881 ;  and  1,225,196  in  1888.  If  the  years  subsequent  to  1888  give  a  like 
percentage  of  loss  as  the  years  previous,  the  number  will  have  fallen 
below  1,000,000  at  the  present  time.  As  a  factor  in  the  supply  of  wool 
Denmark  has  no  influence;  and  as  a  consumer,  its  demand  is  so  small 
as  to  be  inappreciable  in  comparison  with  the  takings  of  other  countries. 

The  tariff  law  in  force  in  1844  imposed  on  wools  of  every  description 
an  import  duty  of  1  rix  dollar  and  4  skellings  (96  skellings=l  rix  dollar 
banco)  the  hundred  pounds,  equivalent  to  one- third  of  a  cent  a  pound. 
Denmark  charges  no  duty  on  imported  wool  of  any  kind  or  on  hair, 
raw  or  prepared  but  not  worked. 
H.  Mis.  94  33 


514 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Quantities  of  Wool  and  Manufactures  of  Wool  Imported  into,  and  of 
Wool  Exported  from,  Denmark,  1874  to  1891. 


[One  pund  equals  1-1025  pounds.] 


YEARS. 

IMPORTS. 

EXPORTS. 

Wool,  raw. 

Manufac- 
tures of 
wool. 

Wool,  raw. 

Pund. 

Pund. 

Pund 

1874  

1,  392, 091 

4, 106,  930 

3,  967,  986 

1875  

1,  376,  399 

4, 449,  805 

3,  582,  662 

1876  

1,  292, 834 

4, 118,  877 

3,  869, 789 

1877  

1,  638, 146 

3, 573,  974 

4,  231,  661 

1878  

1,  939,  641 

3, 580,  007 

3, 417, 483 

1879  

1, 572,  275 

4, 145, 125 

4,  004,  440 

1880  

1,  669,  408 

4, 775,  051 

4,  372, 171 

1881  

J ,  961.  046 

4,  960,  478 

4,  513,  293 

1882  

2,  867, 862 

5,  227,  868 

4, 103,  886 

1883.....  

2, 233, 953 

5,  524,  364 

4,  625,  936 

2,  348,  541 

5, 699,  830 

3,  333, 405 

1885  

2,  233,  790 

5, 445, 118 

3, 431,  238 

1886  

2,  208,  831 

4,  847,  662 

3,  821,  279 

1887  

2,  674, 420 

6,  043,  865 

3, 167, 164 

1888  

2,  794,  647 

6, 141, 384 

2,  775,  325 

1889  

3, 187,  916 

5, 967,  312 

2,  264, 488 

1890  

2, 952,  754 

5,  911,  214 

2,  559,  484 

1891  

3,  770,  205 

6,  255,  527 

2,  633, 254 

1 

FRANCE. 

Wools  in  the  French  market  have  reflected  the  general  situation  just 
described  in  the  English  and  American  markets.  The  permanent  com- 
mission on  tariff  values  in  1892  say: 

In  1891  we  established  a  fall  in  price  of  about  13  per  cent  on  the  average  price  of 
1890,  already  so  low,  and  it  seemed  as  if  the  price  could  not  fall  lower,  and  yet  if  we 
compare  the  mean  prices  for  the  two  years,  1891  and  1892,  we  find  that  Australian 
wool  has  fallen  by  lr,5  per  cent,  the  wools  of  the  River  Plate,  Montevideo,  by  7*5  per 
cent.  The  French  wools  by  12  to  15  per  cent,  according  to  the  quality. — (C'est  un 
veritable  efifondrement  des  cours.    The  bottom  has  dropped  out  of  the  market.) 

In  connection  with  prices  on  the  French  market  may  be  noted  one 

fact,  or  statement,  made  by  this  commission,  the  application  of  which 

is  not  confined  to  conditions  in  France.    Commenting  upon  the  fact 

that  wools  from  Buenos  Ayres  ruled  in  the  markets  at  about  the  same 

price  a  few  years  ago  as  Australian  wools,  it  says  : 

Taking  as  a  type  a  first  quality  of  French  wool,  the  price  of  which  combed  was 
5  francs,  the  combed  wool  of  Australia  was  4  francs  75  centimes  and  a  prime  quality 
of  Buenos  Ayres  was  4*50  francs.  To-day  these  proportions  are  reversed.  The 
prime  quality  of  Buenos  Ayres  has  attained  a  value  of  a  similar  grade  of  Australian 
and  the  price  of  the  first  quality  of  French  wool  has  often  fallen  below  the  price  of 
the  other  two  kinds  of  wool.  The  reasons  for  this  are  various.  It  may  be  said  in  a 
general  way  that  the  wool  of  the  River  Plate  has  greatly  improved  within  a  few 
years.  The  sheep  raisers  of  these  countries  have  purchased  at  good  prices  breeders 
of  the  Merino  sheep  to  improve  their  flocks,  and  these  selections  have  become  evi- 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


515 


dent  in  the  production  and  improvement  of  the  wool.  In  France,  on  the  other  hand, 
as  almost  everywhere  through  Europe,  wool  has  been  neglected  and  the  efforts  of 
raisers  have  been  devoted  to  the  production  of  meat  and  increase  in  weight. 

The  types  of  wool  to  be  compared  are  no  longer  the  same.  The  grade  of  the  River 
Plate  wool  has  become  superior  and  the  wool  of  France  inferior  to  what  they  were 
formerly.  As  to  the  leveling  of  the  prices  of  River  Plate  and  Australian  wools,  this  is 
attributed  generally  to  the  fact  that  the  River  Plate  wools  are  better  adapted  to  the 
manufacture  of  such  woolens  as  have  been  in  favor  during  the  last  few  years. 

There  should  also  be  added  the  influence  already  mentioned  of  a  very 
largely  increased  production  in  Australian  wools,  which  depressed 
prices  of  those  wools  in  the  world's  markets,  and  must,  therefore,  have 
exerted  a  depressing  effect  on  prices  of  those  wools.  The  general 
course  of  prices  of  Eiver  Plate  and  Australian  wools  (combed)  in  the 
French  market  may  be  seen  from  the  following  table: 


J  anuary  . 
February 
March  


April . 
May  .. 


June  

July  

August  

September  . 

October  

November. . 
December. . 


Average  

Fall  in  1892   

Fall  per  cent  per  100  

Average  fall  in  1892  per  cent. 


River  Plate 
(tram  78  mm.) 


1892 


Francs. 
4.  70 
4.50 
4. 40 
5.10 
4.  90 
4.70 
4.  70 
4.  80 
4.  80 
4.70 
4. 75 
4.  65 

4. 72 
0.  61 
11.24 
12.27 


1891 


Francs. 
5.  75 
5.  60 
5.  50 
5.  60 
5.  50 
5.  50 
5.  30 
5.  25 
5. 15 
5. 10 
5.  00 
4.80 


5.  33 


Australian 
(tram  86  mm.) 


1892 


Francs. 
4.  80 
4.70 

4.  60 

5.  25 
4.  90 
4.  90 
4.70 
4.85 
4.85 
4.  80 
4.  85 
4.75 


4. 83 
0.  74 
13.30 
12.  27 


DOMESTIC  CLIP  OF  WOOL  IN  FRANCE. 


The  latest  available  returns  of  the  sheep  industry  in  France  are  those 
for  1891,  which  may  be  taken  as  a  general  gauge  of  tlie  production  of 
wool  in  1892. 


Animals. 

Average 
weight  of 
a  fleece. 

Wool  in 

the 
grease. 

Number. 
13, 198, 000 
6,  216,  000 
2,  380,  000 

Kilos. 
2.  650 
0.  750 

Kilos. 
34,  974,  700 
4,  662,  000 

Lambs  under  6  months  

Total  

21,794.000 

39,  636,  700 
9, 169,  000 

48,  805,  700 
48,  621,  300 

Total  of  clip  1891  

Return  of  1890  

516 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


While  we  have  seen  that  Great  Britain  uses,  in  her  woolen  industry, 
less  than  one-half  of  the  total  quantity  of  wool  imported,  France,  on 
the  other  hand,  consumed  nearly  nine-tenths  of  her  imports  of  wool. 
In  1892  the  quantity  of  wool  imported  was  203,862,629  kilograms.  The 
quantity  exported  was  21,753,217  kilograms,  leaving  a  net  import  of 
182,109,412  kilograms  as  compared  with  a  net  import  of  169,291,000  kilo- 
grams in  1891  and  150,380,000  kilograms  in  1890.  To  this  should  be 
added  the  wool  obtained  from  imported  skins  and  the  shearing  of  sheep 
imported  alive  and  the  domestic  wool  clip,  making  the  total  supply  for 
French  manufactures  248,256,000  kilograms  as  against  238,932,000 
kilograms  in  1891  and  220,000,000  kilograms  in  1890.  On  this  showing- 
France  consumes  one-quarter  of  the  entire  wool  supply,  and  about  one- 
half  of  the  wool  used  in  European  countries,  giving  her  the  first  rank 
in  the  countries  manufacturing  wool.  The  increase,  quantitatively,  in 
the  wool  consumed  in  manufacture  was  greater  in  Germany  than  in 
France,  and  French  exx3orters,  while  setting  aside  any  fear  of  active 
competition  on  the  part  of  England  or  the  United  States,  shielded 
principally  by  their  specialties,  expressed  their  fear  of  serious  compe- 
tition on  the  side  of  Germany.  While  the  consumption  of  France  in 
1892  was  10,000,000  kilograms  greater  than  in  1891,  it  was  estimated 
that  the  increase  in  Germany  was  15,000,000  kilograms.  Of  the  wool 
used  in  the  French  industry  in  1892  one-fifth  was  of  native  origin,  one- 
third  of  Australian,  and  more  than  two-fifths  of  the  Eiver  Plate.  The 
remarkable  feat  are  in  this  showing  is  the  enormous  strides  in  the 
imports  of  wool  from  Australia  in  the  last  three  years. 

Kilograms. 

1890    1,  940,  331 

1891    11,  099, 101 

1892    24,136,501 

PRICES  OF  WOOL  IN  FEANCE. 


1861 
1862 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 


Per  kilo- 
gram. 

Per 
pound. 

YEARS. 

Per  kilo- 
gram. 

Per 
pound. 

Francs. 

Hollars. 

Francs. 

Dollars. 

3.  00 

0.  263 

1877  

2.  60 

0. 228 

3.  75 

.328 

1878  

2.  60 

.228 

4.  20 

.368 

1879  

3.  00 

.263 

3.95 

.346 

1880  

3.  50 

.306 

3.50 

.306 

1881  

3.00 

.263 

3.10 

.271 

1882  

2.  35 

.206 

2.  60 

.228 

1883  

2.30 

.201 

2.  30 

.201 

1884  

2.  20 

.193 

2. 10 

.184 

1885  

1.80 

.158 

2.  30 

.201 

1886  

2.15 

.188 

3.00 

.263 

1887  

2.  00 

.175 

3.  20 

.280 

1888  

2,  05 

.179 

3.00 

.263 

1889  

2.  25 

.197 

2.  90 

.254 

1890  

2.  25 

.197 

2.  80 

.245 

1891  

2.  08 

.182 

2.  50 

.219 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


517 


TARIFF. 

The  tariff  law  as  in  force  in  January,  1842,  made  a  distinction  between 
wools  imported  by  French  vessels  and  such  as  were  imported  by  for- 
eign vessels  or  overland.  "  Wool  in  masses,"  when  imported  in  French 
vessels,  paid  a  duty  of  20  per  cent  ad  valorem;  when  imported  by 
foreign  vessels  or  by  land,  a  duty  of  22J  per  cent.  Combed  wool  paid 
a  uniform  duty  of  30  per  cent  ad  valorem,  without  respect  to  the 
manner  of  entering  the  country.  Dyed  wool  paid  a  tax  of  3  francs  a 
kilogram  when  brought  in  by  French  vessels,  and  of  3.175  francs  the 
kilogram  when  brought  in  otherwise.  The  former  duty  was  equivalent 
to  about  57  cents  a  pound.  The  duty  on  refuse  wool  was  nominal — 
1  franc  the  100  kilograms  by  French  vessels  and  1  franc  10  centimes 
by  foreign. 

The  tariff  in  France  that  was  in  force  from  1861  to  May  8,  1881,  was 
modified  in  December,  1873,  by  the  imposition  of  an  additional  duty  of 
4  per  cent.  In  that  general  tariff  wool  of  all  kinds,  combed  or  carded, 
paid  a  duty  of  87  francs  36  centimes  the  100  kilograms ;  under  conven- 
tional tariffs  a  duty  of  25  francs  per  100  kilograms.  Dyed  wools  paid 
under  the  general  tariff  124  francs  80  centimes  and  under  the  conven- 
tional 25  francs  the  100  kilograms.  The  general  tariff  thus  imposed  a 
duty  of  about  8.6  cents  a  pound  on  combed  or  carded  wool  and  about 
13  cents  a  pound  on  dyed  wool.  Under  the  conventional  tariff  the  duty 
on  both  classes  was  a  little  over  2  cents  a  pound. 

The  general  tariff  promulgated  on  the  8th  of  May,  1881,  removed  all 
duties  from  imports  of  wool,  including  alpaca,  llama,  vicuna,  yak, 
camePs  hair,  Australian,  and  Cape  of  Good  Hope  in  bulk  or  when 
imported  direct  from  country  of  growth.  Wool,  carded,  combed,  or 
dyed,  was  subject  to  a  duty  of  25  francs  the  100  kilograms  net,  or 
about  2.2  cents  a  pound. 

By  the  general  tariff  law  of  1 892  all  wools  and  hairs  of  the  yak,  camel, 
and  cashmere  were  admitted  free  of  duty  in  the  mass.  When  dyed, 
combed,  or  carded  (undyed),  under  the  general  tariff,  they  paid  a  duty 
of  32^  francs  the  100  kilograms,  which  could  be  reduced  under  the  con- 
ventional tariff  to  25  francs  the  100  kilograms.  Wools,  combed  or 
carded,  dyed,  were  subject  to  an  additional  duty  of  2J  francs  the  100 
kilograms.  The  duty  under  the  general  tariff  is  thus  about  2  cents  a 
pound. 


518 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Quantities  and  Values  of  Wool  and  Manufactures  of  Wool  Imported  into 
and  Exported  from  France,  1861  to  1891. 

[One  kilogram  equals  2*20462  pounds.    One  franc  equals  19.3  cents. 


Wool,  raw. 


Quantity. 


Value. 


Kilograms. 
55,  359,  000 
48,  826,  000 
63,  792,  000 
63.  028.  000 
72,  663,  000 
86,  261.000 
93,  205,  COO 
110,  700,  000 
108,  600,  000 
88, 147,  000 
101,  958,  000 
107,  862,  000 
120,  545,  000 
117,  353,  000 
128,  010,  000 
123, 178,  000 
134,  235,  000 
144.100,000 
134,  214,  000 
151.  067,  000 
138,  332, 000 
140,  983,  000 
157,112,  000 
165,  956, 000 
167,  356,  000 

193,  274, 000 
177,  464,  000 

175,  519,  000 

194,  260,  000 

176,  666, 000 
195, 103,  000 


Francs. 
166, 100,  000 
180,  700,  000 
218,  800,  000 
214.  300.  000 

236,  200,  000 
245,  800.  000 
223,  700,  000 

237,  900,  000 
206,  300,  000 
189,  500,  000 
193,  700,  000 

324,  900,  000 

325,  600,  000 
310,  987,  000 

326,  522,  000 
277,  200,  000 
315,  500,  000 
334,  617,  000 
288,  728,  000 
370,  224,  000 
304,  333,  000 
303, 126,  000 
330,  087,  000 
332, 105,  000 
276,  442,  000 
386,  851, 000 
336,  056,  000 
341,  252,  000 
389,  347,  000 

355,  999,  000 

356,  632,  000 


Value  of 
wool  man- 
ufactures. 


Francs. 
20,  600,  000 

41,  000, 000 
33,  400,  000 
52,  000.  000 
38, 100,  000 

42,  800,  000 
42, 100,  000 
54,  500,  000 
64,  300,  000 
57,  900,  000 
76,  500, 000 
99,  900,  000 
59,  700,  000 

66,  600,  000 
78, 100,  000 
79,  000.  000 
68,  600.  000 
68.  700,  000 
68. 176,  000 
79, 100,  000 
76,  991,  000 
84,  290,  000 
91,  858,  000 
88,  799, 000 
75,  523,  000 
70,  821,  000 
63, 872,  000 
65, 176,  000 

67,  823,  000 
66,  917,  000 
74,  879, 000 


Wool,  raw. 


Quantity.  Value 


Kilograms. 

6.  448,  000 
12, 177,000 

11,  006,  000 
12, 141,500 

7,  913,  000 
10,  089,  000 
13,  611,  683 

12,  067,  000 
17, 147,  000 

21,  300,  000 
29,  881,  000 

22,  504,  000 
19, 445,  000 
24,413, 000 
21,  617,  000 
21,077.  000 
21,443,  000 
27.  072.  000 

34,  996,  000 

35,  062,  000 
29,  479,  000 
29,  555,  000 
31, 448,  000 
32,  917,  000 

36,  981,  000 
48,  825,  000 
44, 429,  000 
47,  079,  000 
57,  885,  000 
41,  273,  000 
41,  831,  000 


Francs. 
21,  000,  000 
45, 100,  000 
48,  200,  000 
51, 100,  000 
33,  000,  000 
33,  500,  000 

43,  200,  000 
36,  500,  000 

44,  700,  000 
59, 100,  000 
75,  300,  000 

102,  200,  000 
86,  600,  000 

104,  200,  000 
84, 100,  000 
74,  800,  000 
77, 100,000 

89.  725.  000 
117,  222,  000 
132,  456,  000 

105,  618,  000 
95,  360,  000 
95, 139,  000 
95,  999,  000 

90,  833,  000 
132,  018,  000 
120,  011,  000 
131,  284,  000 
168, 840, 000 
120,  745,  000 
108,  889,  000 


Value  of  wool  manu- 
factures. 


Tarn. 


Francs. 


12,  500,  000 
15, 200, 000 
19, 100,  000 

21,  200,  000 

23.  600.  000 

30,  800,  000 
25, 000,  000 
27,  800,  000 

24,  700, 000 
40,  600,  000 
31, 100,  000 

31,  300,  000 
36, 900,  000 

|  39,720,000 
|  28.600,000 
I  26.800.000 

! 

37.200,000 
I  43,692,000 
j  49,300.000 
38,147,000 
39.  849,  000 

34,  602,  000 
32, 337, 000 

35,  605,  000 
43,  896, 000 
39, 622,  000 
37, 160,  000 
55,  537, 000 
34,  694,  000 

22,  336,  000 


Other  man- 
ufactures. 


Francs. 
188.  000,  000 
221,  700,  000 
293,  600.  000 
355, 900, 000 
302,  800,  000 
301,  700,  000 
236,  800,  000 
224, 900, 000 
268,  300, 000 
23L  600,  000 
254, 400,  000 
314,  500,  000 

325,  900, 000 
328,  000,  000 
346,  400,  000 
316,  500, 000 
325. 100,  000 
312,  800,  000 
309,  297,  000 
370.  200,  000 

360,  717,  000 
401,  900,  000 
370,106,  000 
334,  294,  000 
330,  094,  000 
375,  583,  000 
350, 447,  000 
323,  376,  000 
364,  416,  000 

361,  325,  000 

326,  929,  000 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


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530 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES 


OF  WOOL. 


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WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  531 
Exports  of  Manufactures  of  Wool  from  France— Continued. 


COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH  EXPORTED. 


1892 


COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH  EXPORTED. 


Stuffs,  all  wool,  for  furniture 

Germany  

Belgium  

United  Kingdom  

Spain  

Italy  

United  States  

Other  countries  

Total  

Value  (francs)  

Value  per  unit  (francs)  

Dress  goods,  other : 

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

United  Kingdom  

Portugal  

Spain  


Kilograms. 

40,  461 
25,  520 
32,  789 
69, 348 
42, 408 
25,  783 
64. 526 


300,  835 
2, 406,  680 
8.00 


127,  984 
107,  640 
1,  426,  967 
3,104,632 
43,  424 
37,  990 


Dress  goods,  other— Continued 

Italy  

Switzerland  

Turkey  

Japan  

United  S'<tes  

Colombia  

Brazil  

Argentine  

Chile  

Peru  

Haiti  

Algeria  

Other  countries  

Total  

Value  (francs)  

Value  per  unit  (francs)  


GERMANY. 

The  time  was  when  German  wool  was  the  leading  sort  in  European 
markets.  About  1818  the  German  wool- growing  interest  supplanted 
the  Spanish  in  the  English  market,  and  from  that  year  to  about  1843  it 
held  firs^  place.  Since  that  time  it  has  in  turn  been  supplanted  by 
Australasia.  Even  at  the  present  day,  however,  German  wool  is 
imported  into  England  for  the  finer  qualities  of  goods  and  for  the  mak- 
ing of  Saxony  flannel.  The  average  number  of  sheep  in  Germany  from 
1859  to  1868  was  28,016,769.  In  1873  the  number  had  fallen  to  24,999,- 
406,  and  in  1883  to  19,189,715.  With  such  a  decrease  in  the  number  of 
domestic  sheep  and  lambs  it  is  not  surprising  to  find  Germany's 
importance  as  an  exporter  of  wool  decreasing,  and  as  an  importer  of 
wool  increasing.  From  1875  to  1891  the  quantities  of  raw  wool 
imported  rose  from  56,500,000  kilograms  to  144,416,000  kilograms,  an 
increase  of  155  per  cent.  In  the  same  period  the  imports  of  woolen 
yarn  did  not  materially  increase  16,300,000  kilograms  in  1875,  and 
17,823,600  kilograms  in  1891.  The  imports  of  cloth  showed  a  remark- 
able decrease,  falling  from  7,033,800  kilograms  in  1875  to  1,623,500 
kilograms  in  1891.  The  export  movement  showed  a  decrease  in  the 
exports  of  raw  wool  from  19,950,000  kilograms  in  1875  to  7,780,400 
kilograms  in  1891;  and  an  increase  in  the  exports  of  woolen  yarn  and 
woolen  manufactures.  Of  woolen  yarn  there  were  exported  in  1875 
3,870,000  kilograms ;  in  1891,  6,043,100  kilograms,  and  of  other  manu- 
factures 12,900,000  kilograms  in  1875  and  22,408,400  kilograms  in  1891. 

The  imports  in  1892  of  sheeps'  wool,  the  price  of  each  kind  as  valued  by 
the  customs  officials,  and  the  exports  are  shown  in  the  following  table: 


532 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


COUNTRY  OF  IMPORT  OR  EXPORT. 


Belgium  

Denmark  

France  

United  Kingdom  

Italy  

Netherlands  

Austria-Hungary  

Bourn  a  ni  a  

Norway  

Bussia  

Switzerland  

Sweden  

Spain  

Turkey  

Hamburg  

United  States  

Capeland  

Morocco  

British  East  Indies. . 
Argentine  Bepublic  . 

Brazil  

Canada   

British  West  Indies  . 

Chile  

Peru...  

Uruguay  

British  Australia  


Total  . 


Quantity. 


Kilograms. 
6,  707,  000 
19,  900 
4,  311,  000 
34,  214,  200 
693, 700 

1,  688,  900 

2,  271,  300 

79,  000 


1,  499,  300 
672,  500 


12,  300 


879,  400 
9.  086,  000 
121,  500 
328, 900 
51,689,400 
167,  100 
16,  700 
7,900 
96,  600 
37,  800 
277,  300 
44, 150,  200 


159,  051,  800 


Value 
per  unit 
of  quan- 
tity. 


Marl 
3. 
1. 
3. 
1. 
1. 
0. 
1. 
0. 


0.  80 


1.  58 


Quantity. 


Kilograms. 
304, 300 
473,  000 
603, 100 
439,  900 
148,  800 
193,  800 
2,  874,  700 

17,  500 
221, 900 
884,  800 
733, 000 
299,  900 

12,  900 


71,  500 
342,  500 


7,  623,  500 


TARIFF. 

The  tariff  of  the  Germanic  Union  of  Customs,  as  published  inMac- 
Gregor'S  Commercial  Statistics  in  1844,  imposed  no  duties  on  sheep's 
wool,  raw  and  combed.  The  tariff  of  July  15,  1879,  admitted  wool, 
"raw,  dyed,  painted,"  free;  combed  wool  was  subjected  to  a  duty  of  2 
marks  the  100  kilograms,  a  merely  nominal  duty,  equivalent  to  about 
one  fifth  of  a  cent  a  pound.  It  may  be  of  interest  to  show  the  wide 
application  given  to  the  free  entry  of  textiles  of  the  wool  and  hair 
description:  u  Alpaca,  llama,  guanaco,  camel,  vicuna,  Angora,  Cash- 
mere, and  other  goat  hair,  raw,  boiled,  hackled,  carded,  bleached, 
curled;  hare,  rabbit,  beaver,  ape,  muskrat,  and  nutria  hair,  raw,  boiled, 
hackled,  carded,  dyed,  ground,  curled;  dog,  ox,  and  other  animal  hair, 
raw,  etc.,  with  exception  of  those  under  No.  11  of  the  customs  tariff;* 
wool  flocks,  artificial  wool  (shoddy,  etc.),  woolen  waste,  sheep  wool, 
raw  (also  washed),  carded,  bleached,  or  curled;  sheep  wool,  as  well  as 
hair  of  animals  above  mentioned  of  the  goat  species,  dyed  or  ground." 

*  Under  section  No.  11  hair  from  horses  is  provided  for  and  admitted  free  of 
duty,  but  human  hair,  raw,  combed,  scalded,  or  dyed,  is  subject  to  a  duty  of  lmark 
the  kilogram,  or  about  10  cents  a  pound. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  533 


Number  of  Sheep  in  the  German  Empire. 


Jan.  10,  1873. 

STATE  OR  DIVISION. 

Jan. 10, 1883. 

Dec.l,  1892. 

• 

M.erino. 

Total. 

East  Prussia  

999, 547 

1,841,437 

1, 413,  820 

936, 404 

"West  Prussia  

851,  425 

1,  806,  056 

1,  349,  253 

951,  610 

City  of  Berlin  

2 

726 

579 

4, 120 

1, 151,  942 

2,  451,  245 

1,  709,  897 

1, 185,  562 

1,  864, 140 

3,  218,  674 

2,  546, 149 

1,  849,  344 

1,  365,  062 

2,  629,  399 

1,  892,  336 

998,  463 

1,  355,  864 

2, 143,  763 

1,  309, 495 

655,  249 

Saxony   

389,  971 

1,  783,  727 

1,390,915 

1,062,  369 

Schleswig-Holstein  

31,  726 

434,  467 

320,768 

289,667 

312,  443 

1,  857,  080 

1,  500,  501 

1, 173,  875 

16,  261 

484, 151 

416,  761 

315,  682 

29,  074 

612, 141 

554,  299 

411,328 

9,  383 

392,  976 

333,  731 

248,  374 

Hohenzollern  

809 

10,  952 

9,471 

10,  521 

8, 177,  649 

19,  666,  794 

14,  747, 975 

10,  092,  568 

J.J(  l  \  cLL  J.ct  . 

On  right  of  Rhine  

77,  540 

820,  374 

700,  796 

939,  651 

On  left  of  Rhine  

417 

33,  957 

37,  619 

26, 121 

Kingdom  of  Bavaria  

a  91,  825 

b  1,  342, 190 

c  1, 178,  270 

965,  772 

108,  465 

206,  833 

149, 037 

104,  882 

22,  319 

577,  290 

550, 104 

384,  335 

156,  287 

131,  461 

98,  369 

2,  040 

130,  410 

101,  663 

90,  939 

782,  505 

1, 100,  048 

939,  097 

939, 097 

40,  716 

212, 874 

145, 442 

113, 208 

Mecklenburg-Strelitz  

148,  290 

221,  868 

'      188, 078 

161,  957 

622 

194, 151 

160,  937 

139,  595 

69,  949 

313, 165 

243,935 

178,  552 

14,  218 

85,  000 

58,  940 

44,  349 

6,  776 

30,  771 

20,  996 

14, 165 

Saxe-Coburg-Gotha  

24,  373 

108,  424 

73,  249 

58,  069 

Anhalt  

38,  049 

163,  217 

130, 610 

110, 107 

Schwarzburg-Sondershausen  

26,  004 

82, 488 

54,  276 

47,  420 

13,  607 

51,  918 

39,  024 

29,  946 

550 

59,  860 

66,  704 

52,587 

Reuss : 

Older  

386 

4,  885 

3,440 

2,  468 

4,  235 

23,  010 

16,  805 

10,  995 

Schaumburg-Lippe  

717 

6,  963 

5,  022 

2,  682 

2,  536 

56,  478 

41, 011 

26,  972 

1,565 

6,  531 

5,  597 

4,007 

41 

747 

446 

1, 127 

119 

6,  062 

3,810 

3,  602 

13,  934 

191, 142 

129,  433 

97,  293 

9,  591,  490 

24,  999,  406 

19, 185,  362 

dl3,775,  063 

23-2 

28  '2 

Decrease  in  twp/ntv  vp.ars  .  

 rin 

44-9 

a  Includes  13,868  merino  sheep  in  the  three  administration  districts  of  Franconia. 
b  Includes  487,859  sheep  in  the  three  administration  districts  of  Franconia. 
c  Includes  439,855  sheep  in  the  three  administration  districts  of  Franconia. 
d  Preliminary  figures.    The  probable  final  total  13,589,759. 


534 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Quantities  and  Values  of  Wool  and  Manufactures  of  Wool  Imported  into 
and  Exported  from  Germany  1875  to  1891. 

IMPORTS. 

[One  kilogram  equals  2*20462  pounds.    One  mark  equals  23.  8  cents.] 


WOOL,  RAW. 

MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Quantities. 

Values. 

Woolen  yarn. 

Cloth, 

Quantities. 

Values. 

Quantities. 

Values. 

100  kilos. 

Slavics. 

100  kilos. 

Marks. 

100  kilos. 

Marks. 

1875  

565,  000 

203,  000,  000 

163,  000 

103,  000,  000 

70, 338 

80,  350,  000 

1876  %  

650, 000 

208,  000,  000 

152,  000 

89,  200,  000 

67,  299 

.  74,  430,  000 

1877  

685,  000 

212,  000,  000 

136,  000 

74,  900,  000 

57, 237 

60,  352,  000 

1878  

680,  000 

211,  000,  000 

152,  000 

79,  800,  000 

50,  000 

49,  000,  000 

1879  

925,  000 

268,  000,  000 

187,  000 

94,  300,  000 

69,  750 

66,  206,  000 

1880  

677,  500 

206,  267,  000 

149,  000 

93, 110,  000 

23,  350 

21,  339,  000 

1881  

773,  700 

193,  430,  000 

157,  000 

84, 988,  000 

21,  300 

19,  972,  000 

1882  

885,  000 

203,  555,  000 

161,000 

83,  584,  000 

14,  800 

14,  342,  000 

1883  

909,  693 

200, 133,  000 

167,  000 

80,  479,  000 

12,  918 

12,  439,  000 

1,  056,  662 

221,  899,  000 

189,  980 

93,  313,  000 

12,  722 

11,  882,  000 

1885  

987,  901 

167, 943,  000 

193, 178 

95,  806,  000 

13,  610 

11,674,000 

1886  

1,  086,  854 

217, 371,  000 

202,578 

110, 471,  000 

13,  548 

11,  535,  000 

1887  

1. 108,  466 

216,151,000  ! 

181.880 

94,  374,  000 

12,  639 

10,  778,  000 

1888  

1,  315,  356 

247,287,000 

189,  813 

92,  833,  000 

12,  038 

10,  221,  000 

1889  

1,  398,  722 

279,  744,  000 

215,  972 

112,  629,  000 

14, 292 

12,  496,  000 

1890  

1,  286, 139 

244,  366,  000 

184,  095 

92,  823,  000 

15,  646 . 

13, 109,  000 

1891  

1,  444, 160 

245,  507,  000 

178,  236 

85,  357,  000 

16,235 

12,  651,  000 

EXPORTS. 


WOOL.  RAW. 


1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1889. 
1890. 
1891. 


!  Quantities. 


100  kilos. 
199,  500 
199,  000 
222,  500 
213,  000 
225,  000 
143,  250 
120, 850 
134,  500 

127.  216 
119, 140 
100,  952 
130,  323 

99,  651 

128.  383 
109, 178 

90, 141 
77,  804 


Values. 


Marks. 


50, 139,  000 

48,  340,  000 

49,  698, 000 
45,  798,  000 

39,  316,  000 
27,  257,  000 

40,  401,000 
30,  394,  000 
37,  873,  000 
33,  299,  000 
26, 141,  000 
21,  007, 000 


MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Woolen  yarn. 


Other  manufactures. 


Quantities. 

Values. 

Quantities. 

Values. 

100  kilos. 

Marks. 

100  kilos. 

Marks. 

38,  700 

29, 400,  000 

129,  000 

(a) 

33,  700 

23,  600.  000 

117,150 

(a) 

41, 400 

27,  300,  000 

169,  300 

(a) 

50,  500 

30,  300,  000 

124, 800 

(a) 

42,  000 

24,  400,  000 

123,  300 

(a) 

50,  000 

32,  648,  000 

167, 150 

171, 161,  000 

45,  000 

29,  599,  000 

184, 200 

•  187,086,000 

50,  000 

34,  027,  000 

192, 500 

177,  579,  000 

48,000 

30,  693,  000 

198,  622 

180, 146,  000 

52,  000 

32, 130,  000 

214, 100 

185, 102,  000 

56,  794 

36,  238,  000 

206,  805 

158, 363,  000 

64,  070 

44,  789,  000 

223,  893 

172.  339,  000 

60,  392 

39,  990,  000 

235, 670 

180,  027,  000 

68,  813 

42,  847,  000 

233,  064 

189,  748,  000 

65,  578 

43,  221,  000 

205, 897 

172,  622,  000 

60,  329 

39,  448,  000 

223,  637 

181,  408,  000 

60,  431 

36,  489,  000 

224,  084 

165,  802,  000 

Total 
value  man- 
ufactures. 


Marks. 


203,  809,  000 

216,  685,  000 
211,  606,  000 
210,  839,  000 

217,  232,  000 
194,  601,  000 
217, 128,  000 
220, 01 7,  000 
232,  595,  000 
215,  843,  000 
220,  856,  000 
202,  291,  000 


a  Not  stated. 


ITALY.    IMPORTS  OF  RAW  WOOL,  .874-1891. 


MILLION 
KIL06AAMS. 

SI 

5 

QO 

<o 
u 

00 

1S78  1 

2 

1880  1 

3 
<*> 

9 

1883  1 

$ 

QC 
*» 

188S  I 

QO 

00 

\1889  I 

QO 

3 

12 

11 

10 

** 

«? 

k 

/ 

8 

/ 

/ 

\ 

— < 

s 

S 

/ 

7 

/ 

S 

S 

6 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


535 


ITALY. 


Accepting  the  estimates  of  the  census  returns  of  1890  the  number  of 
sheep  in  Italy  has  not  materially  decreased  since  1875.  The  number 
was  6,977,104  in  1875  and  0,900,000  in  1890.  The  domestic  product  or 
clip  of  wool  has  never  been  sufficient  to  meet  the  wants  of  the  woolen 
manufacturers.  In  1875  0,500,000  kilograms  of  raw  wool  were  imported, 
and  in  1891  8,992,000  kilograms — showing  but  little  elasticity  in  the 
home  demand.  As  little  elasticity  is  shown  in  the  demand  for  woolen 
manufactures  or  for  manufactures  of  wool  mixed  with  cotton.  In  1875 
the  value  of  woolen  manufactures,  pure  or  mixed,  was  45,962,000  lire, 
and  in  1891  43,553,000  lire.  In  1892  every  pound  of  wool  that  Italy 
imported  was  for  domestic  consumption;  but  of  the  domestic  product 
there  was  quite  an  export,  Switzerland  taking  two-thirds.  The  prin- 
cipal countries  from  which  wool  was  imported,  in  that  year,  are  shown 
in  the  following  table : 


COUNTRIES. 


Austria-Hungary  

Belgium  

Trance  

Germany  

United  Kingdom  . . . 

Malta  

Greece  

Russia  

Spain  

Switzerland  

Turkey  in  Europe. . . 

Turkey  in  Asia  

British  East  Indies  . 

Egypt  

Tunis  and  Tripoli. . . 

Algeria  

Uruguay  

Argentine  Republic 

Total  

Total  exports  . 


Wool  in  the 
giease. 


Kilograms. 
105, 200 
75, 000 
541,  300 
79,  600 
62,  700 
5, 100 


10,  700 
39, 500 
60,  800 
43,  000 


38,  600 
202,  500 
6,  000 


2,  202,  500 


3,  472, 500 
1,  646, 400 


Wool 

washed. 


Kilograms. 
910,  900 
8,  000 
1,  035,  500 
68,  400 
32,  700 
1,  200 
12, 900 
146,  500 
33, 300 
11,  700 
177, 100 
7, 100 
20, 400 
95,  600 
26,  300 


1,500 


2,  589,  500 
251, 600 


536 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Production  and  Value  of  Wood  in  Italy  in  1890. 


PROVINCES  AND  AGRICULTURAL  DIS- 
TRICTS, 0 


Piedmont: 

Coui  

Turin  

Alessandria  

Novara  

Total  

Lombardy : 

Pavia  

Como  

Sondrio  

Bergamo  

Brescia  

Mantua  

Total  

Venetia : 

Verona  

Yicenza  

Belluno  

Eldine  

Treviso  

Yen  ice  

Padua   

Total  

Liguria : 

Porto  Maurizio  

Genoa  

Massae  Carrara ... 

Total  

Emilia: 

Piacenza  

Parma  

Reggio  nell'  Emilia 

Modena  

Ferrara  

Bologna  

Ravenna  

Forli  

Total  

Marches  and  TJmbria : 
Pasaro  and  Urbino 

Ancona  

Macerata  

Ascoli  Piceno  

Perugia  

Total  


Total  value 
of  white  and 
black. 

WHITE  WOOL. 

Raw. 

Medium 
price  for 
washed,  per 
kilogram . 

Quantity. 

Price  per 
kilogram. 

Value. 

Lire. 
130  170 
637,  202 
7,  504 
98,  270 

Kilograms. 
99,  300 
475,  800 
5,  835 
47  600 

Lire. 
1.  31 
1.  34 
1. 13 
2  06 

Lire. 
130, 170 
637,  202 
6,  594 
98  270 

Lire. 

2.  56 
2. 90 
2.  00 
2.  65 

873, 146 

OZO,  06D 

1.  o\) 

2.  52 

16,  500 
36,  270 

106,  000 
83,  055 

135,  000 
3,426 

10,  000 
17,  524 
42,  400 
41,  367 
90,  000 
1,  860 

1.65 
2.  07 
2.  00 
1. 82 
1. 50 
1.84 

16,  500 
36,  270 
84,  800 
75,  499 
135,  000 
3,426 

2.  64 
2.  50 
2.  30 

380,  251 

203, 151 

1.73 

351, 495 

2.  48 

15,  000 
86, 458 
64,  390 
183,  518 
1        53, 290 
51, 918 
27  787 

15,  000 
51,  057 
36,  000 

ftl  77Q 

30,  800 
35,  406 
20,  420 

1.00 
1. 69 

.1.79 
1.  <o 

1.76 
1.47 
1.37 

15, 000 
86,  458 
64,  390 
145  467 
53,  290 
51,  918 
27, 787 

2.76 

3.44 
2.53 
2.  73 
3. 10 

4.QO  Qfil 

270, 461 

1.  64 

444, 310 

2.  51 

14,  000 
164, 525 
108, 932 

7, 000 
130,  600 
43,  980 

2.  00 
1. 26 
2. 15 

14,  000 
164,  525 
94, 535 

1.  50 
2.56 

287,  457 

181,  580 

1.50 

273, 060 

2.  03 

20,  700 
31,  500 
78,  200 

247,  500 
54,  000 

147,  500 
36,  852 
25,  925 

15,  000 
30,  000 
46, 000 
90,  000 
30, 000 
50,  000 
19, 836 
8,  500 

1.38 

2.  05 
1,70 
2.75 
1.80 
2.95 
1.  86 

3.  05 

20,  700 
31,  500 
78.  200 

247, 500 
54,  000 

147, 500 

oO,  OOZ 

25, 925 

2.50 

2. 10 

2.  40 

642, 177 

289,  336 

2. 22 

642, 177 

2.  33 

200,  508 
190,  750 
186,  000 
579, 425 
536,  599 

77, 125 
62, 500 
74,  400 
254, 000 
269,  441 

2. 19 
2.48 
2. 50 
2. 22 
1. 78 

168,  718 
155,  000 
186,  000 
564, 050 
481,  015 

2. 95 

3.  25 
2.  37 

1,  693,  282 

737,  466 

2. 11 

1, 554,  783 

2. 86 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  537 
Production  and  Value  of  Wool  in  Italy  in  1890— Continued. 


PROVINCES  AND  AGRICULTURAL  DIS- 
TRICTS. 

Total  value 
of  whit  e  and 
black. 

WHITE  WOOL. 

Raw. 

Medium 
price  for 
washed,  per 
kilogram. 

Quantity. 

Price  per 
kilogram . 

Value. 

Tuscany : 

Lire. 
30,  625 
3,  500 
163 

004,  401 

366,  720 
377, 120 
1, 123, 200 

Kilograms. 

16.  OUU 

5,  000 
175 
245,  832 
152,  800 
154,  600 
456,  000 

Lire. 

O  /IK 
L.  40 

.75 
1.50 
2.29 
2.  40 
2.43 
2.  34 

Lire. 
30, 625 
3,  500 
163 
564,  451 
366,  720 
377, 120 
1,  067,  040 

Lire. 

2.  73 

Total  

Southern  Adriatic : 

Chieti    

2,  465,  779 

1,  020,  907 

2.  35 

2,  409,  619 

2.  73 

3,  337,  650 

1,  293,  500 

2.  53 

3,  279,  690 

3. 16 

380, 470 
41,  785 
154, 000 
226,085 
2,  946,  822 
559,  820 
682,  402 

4, 991,  384 

146,  090 
26,  900 
84,  000 

148, 000 
1,  505,  600 

340,  500 

305,  500 

2.  27 
1.55 
1.83 
1.50 
'1.94 
1.64 
1.51 

331, 140 
41,  785 
154, 000 

223,  245 
2,  917,  585 
559,  820 
460,  438 

2. 70 

Aquila  degli  Abruzzi  

Foggia  

2.  62 

2.  30 

Bari  delle  Puglie  

Total  

Northern  Mediterranean: 

2.  30 
2. 00 

2, 556, 590 

1.83 

4,  688, 013 

2.  38 

216,  332 
10, 000 
99,  900 
469,  849 
430, 170 
990,  400 
724,  650 
265, 401 
427,  094 

93,  600 
4, 000 

35, 100 
205,  982 
165, 600 
514,  200 
338,  280 

88,  202 

25,  825 

2,  31 
2.  50 
2.85 

1.  88 

2.  60 
1.93 
1.75 
1.58 
0.  95 

216, 332 
10,  000 
99,  900 
388, 243 
430, 170 
990,  400 
592,  680 
139, 110 
24, 538 

2. 15 

Catanzaro   

2.  00 

3.  20 

Total 
Sicily : 

3,  233,  796 

1,  470,  789 

1.97 

2,  891,  373 

2. 45 

632, 500 
17,  275 
395,  678 
426,  417 
110, 420 
58  400 
178,  300 

550,  000 
14, 396 

oou. Coo 

263, 100 
129,  200 
79,  950 
157,  000 

1. 15 
1.20 
ft  on 

0.  94 
0.85 
0  71 
1.14 

632,  500 
17,  275 

o4o,  <5LU 

286, 657 
110, 420 
56,  940 
178,  300 

1.60 
1.  25 
1.90 

Trapani   

Total  

Sardinia : 

1. 13 
1.35 

1.  818,  900 

1,  574,  284 

1.01 

1,  585, 302 

1.45 

383,  503 
267,  560 

391,  699 
239,  000 

0.  77 
0.  79 

301,  864 
188,  050 

Total  

1.  84 

651,  063 

630,  699 

0.  78 

489,  914 

1.84 

~20,857,33~6 

10, 863,  298 

1.  79 

19, 481, 972 

2.40 

538  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Production  and  Value  of  Wool  in  Italy  in  1890 — Continued. 


PROVINCES  AND  AGRICULTURAL  DISTRICTS. 

BLACK  WOOL. 

Raw. 

Medium 
price  for 
washed, per 
kilogram. 

Quantity. 

Price  per 
kilogram. 

Value. 

Piedmont: 

Kilograms. 
865 

Lire. 
1.05 

Lire. 
910 

Lire. 
1.50 

Lombard^  : 

10, 600 
4, 133 

2.  00 
1.83 

2L200 
7,  556 

2.  50 

2.30 

Total  

14,733  1.95 

28,  756 

2.  40 

~yeii  gtia  : 

El  dine  

21, 151 
6,  750 

1.80 
2. 13 

38,  051 
14,  397 

3.  57 
2.  28 

Liguria : 

Marches  and  TTmbria: 

11,  906 

12,  500 
6, 100 

31,  492 

2.  67 
2.  86 
2.  52 
1.  77 

31, 790 
35,  750 
15,  375 
55, 584 

3. 17 

3. 40 

2.24 

Total  

61,  998 

2.  23 

loti,  499 

2.  94 

Tuscany : 

Grosseto .......  

24,  000 
27,  900 

2. 34 
2.08 

56, 160 
57,  960 

Rome  

3.50 

Southern  Adriatic : 

20,  700 
1,500 
14,  600 

2.  39 
1.89 
2.00 
1.  05 

49,  330 
2,  840 
29,  237 
221,  964 

2.  80 
2.  63 

Campobasso  

Foggia  

1.  84 

Total  

248,  400 

1.22 

303,  371 

2.42 

Northern  Mediterranean : 

30,  953 
65,  820 
84,  052 
2,  880 

2.  64 
2.00 
1.  50 
.89 

81,  606 
131,  970 
126,  291 
2,  556 

2.  20 

Reggio  di  Calabria  

Total  

183,  705 

1.86 

342,  423 

2,20 

Sicily: 

57,  862 
219,  800 
2,  050 

.91 
.82 
.71 

52, 468 
179  760 
1,460 

1.74 
1.13 

Total  

279,  712 

.84. 

233,  688 

1.44 

Sardinia: 

115,  051 
124,  600 

.71 

.64 

81,  639 
79,  510 

1. 14 

Total  

239,  651 

.67 

161, 149 

1. 14 

1, 108, 865 

1.  24 

1,  375,  364 

2. 34 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  539 

Prior  to  the  unification  of  Italy  each  principality  had  a  tariff  of  its 
own,  and  the  commercial  importance  of  all  combined  was  not  sufficient 
to  warrant  a  detail  of  the  duties  of  each.  The  general  tariff  law  of  1878 
made  wool  " natural,  washed,  carded,  dyed,  waste  or  refuse  wool,"  free 
of  duty.  A  new  general  law  was  passed  July  14,  1887,  and  introduced 
a  more  complex  system  of  levying  duties,  as  follows: 


Wool: 

Natural,  unwashed  or  washed 

Artificial  (shoddy)  

Dyed  

Carded,  undyed  

Combed,  nndyed  

Carded,  dyed  

Combed,  dyed  

Artificial  (shoddy,  dyed)  

Refuse  and  waste  

Horse  and  similar  hair: 

Raw  

i  Dyed  -  

Curled  

Other  animal  hair: 

Raw  

Dyed  


Duty. 


Per  pound. 


Free  

8  lire  per  100  kilograms  . . 
10  lire  per  100  kilograms  . 

 do  

15  lire  per  100  kilograms  . 
20  lire  per  100  kilograms  . 
25  lire  per  100  kilograms. 
8  lire  per  100  kilograms  . . 
Free  


Free  

10  lire  per  100  kilograms . 
17  lire  per  100  kilograms . 


Free   

10  lire  per  100  kilograms . 


Quantities  and  Values  of  Wool  and  Manufactures  of  Wool  Imported 

into  Italy  1874  to  1891. 

[One  kilogram  equals  2.20462  pounds.    One  lire  equals  19.3  cents.] 


YEARS. 

WOOL, 

RAW. 

MANUFACTURES  OF  PURE 
WOOL. 

Quantities. 

Values. 

Quantities. 

Value 

Kilograms. 

Lire. 

Quintals. 

Lire. 

1874  

6, 051, 000 

27,  232, 000 

a  42,  012 

41, 471,  000 

1875  

6.  500,  000 

27,952,000  ' 

a  50, 088 

45,  962,  000 

8,  065,  000 

34,  681, 000 

a  50,  072 

45, 197,  000 

1877  

8,  010,  000 

34,445,000 

a  46,  748 

41,  982,  000 

1878  

6,  539,  000 

28, 116,  000 

a  39,  987 

51,  983, 000 

1879  

8,  539,  000 

34, 155,  000 

21,  607 

29,  737,  000 

1880   

7,  328,  000 

30,  780,  000 

23,  922 

33,  895,  000 

1881  

9,  536,  000 

38, 143,  000 

36,  761 

43,  331,  000 

1882  

7,  508.  000 

30,  034,  000 

31, 642 

37,  890,  000 

1883  

9,  540,  000 

31, 974,  000 

36,  398 

41, 739,  000 

1884  

10,  071,  000 

29, 416,  000 

42,  467 

45, 120,  000 

1885  

11,  111,  000 

29,  013,  000 

41,  628 

41,  807,  000 

1886  

12, 143,  000 

33,  609,000 

39,  042 

42,  400,  000 

1887  

11, 128,  000 

27,  625,  000 

45,  619 

48,  801,  000 

1888  

9,  379,  000 

23, 906,  000 

a  37,  360 

37,  329,  000 

1889  

9,  759,  000 

29,  738,  000 

a  41,  940 

46, 145,  000 

1890  

8,  223,  000 

27, 149,  000 

a  43,  287 

48,  817,  000 

J891  

8,  992,  000 

25,  490,  000 

a  42, 079 

43, 553,  000 

MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL 
MIXED  WITH  COTTON. 


Quantities.  Values 


Quintals, 
ih) 
(6) 
(b) 
(b) 
(b) 

12,  717 
16, 139 
19, 499 
15,  237 
16, 036 
19,  023 
18,  631 
13, 376 
18, 122 

(&) 

(*> 

m 
(&) 


a  Includes  manufactures  of  wool  and  cotton. 


b  Included  in  manufacture  of  pure  wool. 


540 


*      WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


NETHERLANDS. 


GENERAL  IMPORTS  OF  WOOL. 
Quantity  (kilograms). 


COUNTRIES  FROM  WHICH  IMPORTED. 


Africa,  east  coast  

Argentine  Republic  

Australia  

Belgium  

Brazil  

British  East  Indies  

Cape  of  Good  Hope  

Curacao  

Denmark  

Dutch  East  Indies  

France  

Germany:  Bremen  

Hamburg   

Prussia  .  

Greece  

Italy  I  

Peru  and  Bolivia  

Portugal  

Russia:  Baltic  and  White  seas  . 

Black  Sea  

Spain  

Straits  Settlements  

Turkey  

United  Kingdom  

United  States  


Total . 


1888 


9,  552,  978 


13,  750 


9U 

13,  523 


157,  349 


37,  629 
3,  574, 960 


164 
11,  236 
170 
1,020 


7,  875 


1889 


16,  230 


7,  632,  961 


31, 116 


230,  946 
687 
64,  611 
3,  722,  426 


1890 


75,  537 


7,  788,  753 
111, 500 


16, 142 
5,  635 
55, 164 


54,  470 
4, 231,  889 
975 
3, 438 


90 

13, 265 
3,  390 
22,  490 


18,842,325  \  19,509,931 


990 


9,  700 
106 
78,  990 
1,249 
19,  873,  652 
4, 850 


32,  213,  893 


31,  253,  951  .  32,  313,  040 


1891 


10 

7,  626,  728 
10,  810 
10,  775 


1,  766 
9,957 
12, 200 
56,  947 
1, 177 
48,  656 
3,  489,  704 


47,  071 


30 

25, 809 
1, 330, 144 


494 

67,  260 
25,  430,  538 
922 


38, 170,  998 


IMPORTS  FOR  CONSUMPTION. 
Quantity  (kilograms). 


Long  wool — 

16,  230 

31, 460 

Australia  

10 

1,  227,  469 

Belgium  

1,  390, 565 

1,  526, 153 

1,  296,  555 

1, 412,  355 
24, 918 

8, 171 
1,075 
3,  096 
384,  004 

120 
1,073 
10, 731 
594, 768 

France  

4,  907 
8,  913 
347,  567 
735 

986 
4,  097 
736,  648 

Germany:  Hamburg  

Italy  

900 
589,  738 

250 
9, 700 

425 
3, 197, 193 

Total  

4,  566,  021 

3,  722,  368 

9, 168, 181 

3,  879, 146 

6,  352,  932 

5, 102, 123 

5,  667,  025 

11, 137,  391 

5, 907, 057 

•J 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


541 


NETHERLANDS — Continued. 
IMPORTS  FOR  CONSUMPTION— Continued. 
Yalue  (gulden). 


COUNTRIES  FROM  WHICH  IMPORTED. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

P<ong  wool — 

19, 476 

37,  751 

12 

1  472  963 

1  668,  678 

1,  831,  384 

1, 555,  866 

29,  902 

9,  805 
1,  290 
3,  715 
460,  805 

144 
1,  288 

12,  877 
713,  722 

5,  888 
10,695 
417,  080 
882 

1, 183 
4,  916 
883, 978 

Germany:  Hamburg  

Prussia  

Italy  

1,  080 
767,  686 

300 
11,  640 

510 

3, 836,  632 

United  Kingdom  .  

5,  479,  225 

.4,466,  842 

11,001,817 

4,  654,  975 

7, 148,  469 
1.20 

7,  623,  518 
1.20 

6, 12*2,  547 
1.20 

6,  800,  430 
1.  20 

13,  364,  869 
1.20 

Quantity  (kilograms). 

Wool,  combed : 

78.  990 
15,  000 
16, 022 

1,366 
5,351 

20 

31,116 
9,  018 

88,  758 
9,  936 

50,  277 
3,  846 

1,546 
33,  820 

274 
18,  938 
2,749 

71 

21, 117 
2,  749 

Italy  

39,  411 

65,  624 
5,  073 
3,  390 

21,  420 

Prussia  on  Black  Sea  

1,049 
216,  781 

50 

67,  047 

40 

244,  922 

Total  

136,  038 

204, 291 

182, 166 

339,  952 

363,  208 

187,  752 

323,  022 

Value  (gulden). 

Wool,  combed : 

197,  475 
37, 500 
40,  055 

Denmark  

3,  415 
13,  377 

50 

77,  790 
22,  545 

221,  895 
24, 840 

125, 692 
9,  615 

Germany:  Hamburg  

3,  865 
84,  550 

685 
47,  345 
6,  872 

177 

52,  793 
6,  873 

Prussia  

Italy  

98,  528 

264,  060 
12,  683 
8,  475 
53,  550 

2,  622 
541,  953 

125 
167,  618 

100 

612,  305 

Total  

340, 095 

510,  728 

455,415      •   949,881  90*8,020 

2.50             2.50  2.50 
1 

469,  380 
2.50 

807,  555 
2.  50 

542  WOOL  AND  MANUI ACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

NETHERLANDS— Continued. 
IMPORTS  FOR  CONSUMPTION— Continued. 


Quantity  (kilograms). 


COUNTRIES  FROM  WHICH  IMPORTED. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Wool,  short : 

44,  077 
1,  690 

62,  260 
914 
20,  579 
110, 079 

10, 189 

114 

'  9,  870 

130,  342 

142, 107 
456 

12,  028,  785 

238,  469 

414, 144 

Total  

10,  248, 197 

12,  201, 513 

12, 095, 994 

21, 075,  630 

10,  442,  029 

12,342,044    12,717,115  1  12,334,577 

21,499,  644 

Value  (guide a). 

"Wool,  short : 

52,  892 
2,  028 

74,  712 
1,097 
24,  695 
132, 095 

12,  227 

137 

11,  844 

 """" 

156,  410 

170, 528 
547 

14,  434, 542 

286, 163 

496,  973 

Total  

Total  per  unit  

12,  297,  836 

14,  641,  815 

14, 515, 193 

25,  290,  756 

12,  530,  435 
1.  20 

14,  810, 452 
1. 20 

14,  660,  537 
1.  20 

14,  801,  493 
1.20 

25,  799,  573 
1.  20 

Quantity  (kilograms). 

Wool  waste : 

746,  498 
19, 209 
26,  818 

819,  948 
2, 518 
29,  394 

668, 625 

610, 567 

630,  278 

Prussia  

Italy  

76, 833 
3, 438 
513,  253 

22,  706 
44,  322 
626, 144 

940 

United  Kingdom  

Total  

367,  372 

531,  044 

716,  894 

1, 159,  897 

1,  382,  904 

1,  262, 149 

1,  303,  739 

1,  348, 112 

Value  (gulden). 


Wool  waste : 

Belgium  

223.  949 
5,  763 
8,  045 

245, 984 
755 
8,  818 

200, 587 

183, 176 

189,  083 

Prussia  

Italy  

23,  050 
1,  031 
153,  976 

6,  812 
13,  297 
187,  843 

282 

Total  

Value  per  unit  

110,  212 

159,  314 

215,  068 

347,  969 
0.3 

414,871 
0.3 

378,  644 
0.3 

391, 122 
0.3 

404, 433 
0.3 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  543 

NETHERLANDS— Continued. 
IMPORTS  FOR  CONSUMPTION— Continued. 


Quantity  (kilograms). 


COUNTRIES  FROM  WHICH  IMPORTED. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Shoddy: 

156, 033 

191,  671 

205,  464 

261, 152 
223 
14,  22G 
927,  288 
153,  979 

214,  260 

Prussia  

969, 118 
244, 870 

14, 390 
988, 575 
287,  579 

9,530 
1,  001,  630 

265,  023 

6,  030 
1, 039,  073 
154,  308 

1,  370,  021 

1, 482.  215 

1,481,647 

1,356,  868  |  1,413,671 

Value  (gulden). 

Shoddy : 

7,  802 

9,  584 

10, 273 

13,  058 
11 
711 
46,  364 
7,  699 

10,  713 

Germany:  Hamburg  

Prussia  

United  Kingdom  

Total  

Value  per  unit  

48, 456 
12,  243 

719 
49,  429 
14,  379 

476 
50,  081 
13, 251 

301 
51,  954 
7,  715 

68,  501 
0.05 

74,111 

0.05 

74, 081 
0.  05 

67,  843 
0. 05 

70,  683 
0. 05 

GENERAL  EXPORTS. 
Quantity  (kilograms). 

COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH  EXPORTED. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Wool: 

Africa,  west  coast  

11, 418 
971 

13, 194, 534 

17, 403 

Belgium  

Cape  of  Good  Hope  

11,  509, 074 

12, 222, 150 

11,  418,  377 
5,  703 
480 
168, 175 
37, 524 
219,  237 
16,  091,  337 

23,  628, 145 

Denmark  

164 

171 
116,  527 
730 
7,  662 
11,  665, 153 

645 
373,  049 
413 
13, 910 
13, 727, 198 
8,430 
2,699 
7, 440 
6,  239 
3,438 

France   

2,  724 
4,  290 
1,  852,  641 
17, 783, 445 
51,  471 

Germany :  Bremen  

Prussia  

170 
24,  297 
15,400,575 

4, 680 
3,  111 

747 
7,  911 
77, 197 
2,  749 

253 

Norway  

Portugal  

16,  004 

Russia  on  North  and  White  

44,  673 

Sweden  

4,  252 

1,033 
5,  760 
1,  502, 080 
749, 262 

United  Kingdom  

Total  

1,091,836 
256,  606 

937, 189 
266,  786 

503, 667 
258,  812 

1,  779,  372 
322, 414 

28,  327,  395 

26,  213, 184 

27, 145,  493 

30, 131,  476 

45,  590,  855 

544  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


NETHERLANDS— Continued. 

SPECIAL  EXPOKTS. 
Quantity  (kilograms). 


COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH  EXPORTED. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Long  wool: 

Belgium  

9, 166,  276 

10, 989, 942 

9,  734,  952 
3,  884 

8,  569, 160 
273 

5,  542, 837 
36 
610 

30 
2, 290 
2, 461,  524 

1,224 

3,  465,  047 

514 
4,  232,  354 

600 

5,  678,  080 

4,  476,  920 
19,  547 

500 

3,  111 

3, 190 

31,  842 

4,  069 

Russia  on  White  Sea  

33,  621 

Sweden  

4,  252 
255, 125 

United  Kingdom  

367,  904 
24,  635 

112, 348 

130, 916 

128,  357 
48,  000 

United  States  

Total  -  

13,  058,  707 

13,  716,  974 

14,  087,  242 

14,411,371 

lu,  220,  370 

Value  (gulden). 

Long  wool: 

Belgium  

10,  999,  531 

13, 187, 931 

11,681, 942 
4,  661 

10,  282,  992 

328 

6,  651, 405 
43 
732 

Germany:  Bremen  

876 
2,  748 
2,  953,  829 

Hamburg  

1,  469 
4, 158,  056 

617 

5,  078,  825 

720 

6,  813,  696 

Prussia  

5,  372,  304 
23,  456 

600 

3,  733 

3,828 

38,  210 

4,  883 

Russia  on  White  

40, 345 

5, 102 
306, 150 

441,485 
29,  562 

134,  818 

157,  099 

154,  028 
57,  600 

Total  

15,  670,  448 
1-20 

16,  460,  369 
1-20 

16,  904,  691 
1-20 

17,  293,  645 
1-20 

12,  264,  451 
1-20 

Quantity  (kilograms). 

Wool,  combed: 

1,962 

26,  633 

9,  601 
413 
436 
588, 136 
3,  901 
1,478 

19,  390 

16,  284 

Germany:  Bremen  

50 

2, 196, 828 

Prussia  

1,  967,  531 

1,448,  490 

103, 271 
14, 024 

3,  200 
22,  502 

9,  946 
5,  760 
255,  849 

United  Kingdom  *  

258, 737 
10, 973 

276,  998 

71, 937 

115, 498 

United  States  

Total  [  

2,  239.,  203 

1,  752, 121 

675,  902 

2,  357,  468 

405, 134 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


545 


NETHERLANDS— Continued. 
SPECIAL  EXPORTS— Continued. 
Value  (gulden). 


COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH  EXPORTED. 

1888 

18S9 

1800 

1891 

1892 

Wool,  combed: 

4,  905 

66,  582 

24  002 
1,033 
1  090 
1,  470,  340 
9,  752 
3,  695 

48  475 

40,  710 

125 

5,  492, 070 

Prussia  

4, 918,  827 

3,  621,  225 

258, 178 
35,  060 

8,000 
56,  255 

24, 865 
14,  400 
639,  622 

United  States  

646,  843 
27,  432 

692, 495 

179,  843 

288,  745 

Total  

5,  598,  007 
2-50 

4,  380, 302  I    1,  689,  755 
2-50  2-50 

5,  893,  670 
2-50 

1,  012,  835 
2-50 

Quantity  (kilograms). 

Wool,  short: 

414, 197 

514,  296 

925,  980 
645 
200 

347,  811 

1,  355,  736 

15, 995,  010 

Germany:  Hamburg  ,  

113,  014 

246,  714 

389,  067 

799,  204 
1,119 

Portugal  

5,566 
16, 106 

United  Kingdom  

Total   ... 

61,  833 

9,  611 

12,  433 

12,111 

589,044  770,621 

1,  296,  308 

1,  757,  236 

16,  807,  444 

Value  igulden). 

Wool,  short  : 

497,  036 

617, 155 

1,111,176 
774 
240 
417, 373 

1,  626,  883 

19, 194,  012 

135.  617 

296, 057 

466,  880 

959,  045 
1,  343 

6,  679 
19,  327 

Total  

74,  200 

11,533 

14,  920 

14, 533 

706,  853 
1-20 

924,  745 
1  -20 

1,  555,  569 
1-20 

2, 108.  683 
1-20 

20, 168,  933 
1-20 

Quantity  (kilograms). 

Wool  waste :' 

Germany:  Hamburg  

213, 723 
6,050 
170, 164 

202, 154 

246, 797 

213,  473 

207,  792 

231,  597 

250,  521 
3,409 

172,  973 

267,  626 
2,  974 

20,  663 
2,749 
7,  093 

Russia  on  White  

6, 100 
88,  111 

3,438 
53, 702 

United  Kingdom  

68,  649 

1,  739 

484, 148 

502,400  j  563,807 

416,  951 

480, 13] 

H.  Mis.  94  35 


546 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


NETHERLANDS — Continued. 
SPECIAL  EXPORTS— Continued. 


Value  (gulden.) 


COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH  EXPORTED. 

18*8 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

"Wool  waste : 

Belgium  

64, 117 
1,815 
51, 049 

60,  646 

74,  039 

64,  042 

62,  338 

•  Prussia  

69,  479 

76,  956 
1,  023 

51, 892 

80,  288 
892 

Portugal  

6, 199 
825 
2, 128 

1,830 
26, 433 

1,031 
16,111 

United  Kingdom  ,  

Total  

20,  595 

522 

145,  244 
0-3 

150,  720 
0'3 

169, 160 
0-3 

125,  086 
0-3 

144,  040 
0-3 

Quantity  (kilograms.) 

Shoddy : 

France  

152, 984 

51,  722 
1,872 
183 
46,  665 

45, 262 
861 
3,  854 
399,  581 

81, 019 

52,  849 
688 
2, 182 
180, 042 
813 

Germany:  Hamburg  

8,  040 
278,  841 

*7, 560 

1,  994 

253 
57,  923 

592 
154,  511 

United  Kingdom  

Total  

49,  917 

12,  600 

28,  426 

489,  782 

113,  042 

477,  984 

208,  749 

391,  677 

Value  (gulden.) 

Shoddy: 

Belgium  

France  

7,  649 

2,  586 
91 
9 

2,  333 

2, 263 
43 
193 
19,  979 

4,  051 

2,  642 
34 
109 

9,  002 
41 

Germany:  Hamburg  

402 
13,  942 

Prussia  

3,378 

100 
13 

2,  896 

30 
7,  726 

United  Kingdom  

Total  

Value  per  unit  

2,496 

630 

1,421 

24,  489 
0-5 

5,  649 
0-05 

23,  899 
0-05 

10,  438 
0-Oi) 

19,  584 
0-05 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


547 


Quantities  and  Values  of  Wool  and  Manufactures  of  Wool  Imported  into 
and  Exported  from  the  Netherlands,  1866  to  1891. 

[One  kilogram  equals  2-20462  pounds.    One  gulden  equals  co9.7  cents.] 


1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
187-5 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 


Wool,  raw. 


Quanti- 
ties. 


Kilos. 
5, 444,  000 

6,  728,  000 
7, 148, 000 

8,  689, 000 
8, 195,  000 
7, 849,  000 

7,  649, 000 
9, 284, 000 

8,  007,  000 
8, 951,000 

10,  744,  000 

9,  763,  000 
8, 582,  000 
9,114,  000 

9,  698,  000 
11,453,000 

11,  912,  000 
16,  059,  000 
20,172,000 

18,  213,  000 
21,  605,  000 
20,  392, 000 

19,  508,  000 

20,  649, 000 
18,  247,  000 
23,  660,  000 


Values. 


Value  of  wool  manu- 
factures. 


Tarn. 


Gulden. 
6,  532,  000 
8,  073,  000 

8,  577,  000 
10, 416, 000 

9, 834,  000 
9, 419,  000 
9, 179,  000 
11, 141,  000 

9,  608, 000 
10,  742,  000 

10,  430, 000 
8,  363, 000 
8, 116,  000 
8,  872,  000 
8, 730, 000 

11,  050,  000 
11, 888,  000 
17,  007,  000 

21,  555,  000 
19, 091, 000 

22,  589,  000 
21,  848,  000 

21,  026,  000 

22,  272,  000 
22,  369, 000 
28,  636,  000 


Other 
manufac- 
tures. 


Gulden 
8, 418, 000 
8,  397,  OOoj 
9, 015,  OOoj 
9, 179,  OOOj 
9, 140,  000 

10,  371,  000 

11,  384,  000 

11,  633,  000 
17, 436,  000 
14, 493, 000 

14,  490,  000 
12,521,000 
13,912,000 

15,  549,  000 

10,  810,  0001 

I 

12,  000,  000; 

13,  423,  000! 
11,903,  000| 
12,  814,  000 
12,  813, 000 
12,  233, 000 
10, 861,  000 

11,  482,  000 

12,  470,  000 
10, 548,  000 
10,  397,  000 


Gulden. 

9, 929,  000 
11,  746,  000 
13,  397,  000 
13,  026,  000 

13.  196,  000 

14,  290,  000 
13,  275,  000 
15, 103,  000 
11,604,  000 
11,  653,  000 
11,  325,  000 
11,  486, 000 
10,  855, 000 
10,  037, 000 
10,  284, 000 
10,  014,  000 

9,  943,  000 
9, 140,  000 
7,  842,  000 
7, 119,  000 
6, 584,  000 
6,  384,  000 
6, 122, 000 
5, 967,  000 
5,  631,000 
5,  825,  000 


Wool,  raw. 


Quanti- 
ties. 


Kilos. 
5,  701,  000 

5,  883, 000 
7, 694,  000 
8, 419,  000 
6, 652,  000 
9,  864, 000 
6, 979,  000 
6, 431,  000 

6,  835,  000 
7, 520,  000 
9, 869,  000 
7, 760,  000 

7,  616, 000 

7,  525,  000 
9,  239,  000 
8, 911,  000 

8,  462,  000 
12, 485,  000 

17,  203,  000 
14, 222,  000 
19, 019,  000 
15, 361,  000 
16,  861,000 
16,  742,  000 
16, 059, 000 

18,  526,  000 


Values. 


Gulden 

6,  841,  000 

7,  059, 000 
9,  233,  000 

10, 104,  000 

7,  983,  000 
11,837,  000 

8,  375, 000 
7, 718,  000 
8, 201,  000 

9,  024, 000 
10, 406,  000 

7, 543,  000 
7,  060,  000 
7,  344,  000 
9, 125,  000 
10, 197,  000 
9,  475,  000 
14,  719,  000 
20, 495,  000 
16,  822, 000 
22, 494, 000 
17, 906,  000 
22, 145,  000 
21,  916,  000 
20, 150,  000 
25,  296,  000 


Value  of  wool  manu- 
factures. 


Tarn. 


Other 
manufac- 
tures. 


Grdden. 
1,  331,  000 
1,  307,  000 
1,  221,000 
1,  374, 000 
1,  308,  000 
1,  659,  000 

3,  310,  000 

4,  038, 000 
10,  936,  000 

9,  477, 000 
10,  572, 000 

5,  691,  000 
6, 488,  000 
7, 116,  000 
6, 085, 000 

6,  640,  000 
8, 151,  000 
9,  258, 000 
7, 126,  000 
8,  749,  000 

7,  595,  000 
7, 123,  000 

10, 073,  000 
11,089,  000 
10,  522,  000 
10,  419,  000 


Gulden. 
8, 408,  000 

10,  445,  000 

11,  693,  000 
11,  529,  000 
11,  364,  000 

8,  252,  000 
7, 043,  000 
6,  862,  000 
4,  503,  000 
4,  520,  000 
4,  268,  000 
4,  296,  000 

4,  581,  000 
3,  754,  000 

5,  882, 000 
5,  634, 000 
5,  601,  000 
5,  213,  000 
4, 913,  000 

3,  773, 000 
5,  513,  000 

4,  353,  000 

4,  890,  000 

5,  511,  000 

6,  004,  000 

7,  565,  000 


548 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


NORWAY  AND  SWEDEN.a 


The  importance  of  Norway  and  Sweden  in  the  wool  industry  is  sec- 
ondary and  quite  unimportant.  A  few  manufactures  of  goat  hair  are 
exported  to  the  United  States  each  year,  and  similar  returns  are  occa- 
sionally met  in  the  commercial  reports  of  other  countries.  There  is  a 
woolen  industry,  but  it  is  fed  by  imports  of  wools,  and  the  products 
are  chiefly  for  home  consumption.  The  number  of  animals  at  different 
periods  was: 


YEARS. 

NORWAY. 

SWEDEN. 

Sheep  and 
lambs. 

Goats. 

Sheep  and 
lambs. 

Goats. 

1,  705,  394 

290,  985 

1867  

1,  622,  000 

1875  

1,  686,  306 

322, 861 

1880  

1, 457,  462 
1,  377,  685 
1,  349,  807 
1,  338, 193 
1,  350,  804 

107,  663 
90,  548 
87,  077 
83,  092 
86,  980 

1887  

1888  

1890  

1,  412,  295 

272,  721 

a  See  Sweden,  p.  559. 

In  1890,  Norway  imported  1,144,000  kilograms  of  wool,  valued  at 
2,861,000  kroner;  and  Sweden  imported  2,375,131  kilograms,  valued  at 
7,492,000  kroner. 

NORWAY. 

Quantities  and  Values  of  Wool  and  Manufactures  of  Wool  Imported  into 

Norway,  1874  to  1884. 

[One  kilogram  equals  2-20462  pounds.   One  kroner  equals  26.8  cents.! 


1874  . 

1875  . 

1876  . 

1877  . 

1878  . 

1879  . 

1880  . 
1881 . 
1882. 

1883  . 

1884  . 

1885  . 
1886 . 

1887  . 

1888  . 

1889  . 

1890  . 

1891  . 


WOOL,  RAW. 


Quantities.  Values. 


Kilograms 


367, 000 
363, 000 
425,  000 
276,  000 
240,  000 
360, 000 
446,  000 
415, 000 
433, 000 
455,  000 
470,  000 
514,  000 
578,  000 
870,  000 
1, 148,  000 
1, 144,  000 
979,  000 


Kroner. 
1,  094,  000 
1, 018, 000 
1,  002,  000 
1,  221,  000 
767, 000 
632,  000 

1,  080,  000 
1, 171, 000 
1, 107,  000 
1, 149,  000 
1, 136,  000 

940,  000 
1, 131,  000 
1, 330,  000 

2,  089,  000 
2, 871,  000 
2,  861,  000 
2,  252,  000 


MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Yarn. 

Other. 

Quantities. 

Values. 

Quantities. 

Values. 

Kilograms. 

Kroner. 

Kilograms. 

Kroner. 

14, 488,  000 

12,  713,  000 
9,  465,  000 

11,  038,  000 
8,  324,  000 
7, 370,  000 

10,  482,  000 

1, 171,  000 
962, 000 

1,  244,  000 
986,  000 
902,  000 

1, 149,  000 

152,  000 

921,  000 

175,  000 

966,  000 

1,  273, 000 

11,  340, 000 

207, 000 

1, 138,  000 

1,  362,  000 

12,  869,  000 

232,  000 

1,  205, 000 

1,  380, 000 

10,  871,000 

248, 000 

1, 223, 000 

1, 483,  000 

11,  734,  000 

316,  000 

1, 412, 000 

1,  307,  000 

9, 409,  000 

361,  000 

1,  628, 000 

1, 288,  000 

9,  328,  000 

313,  000 

1,  411,  000 

1, 195,  000 

8, 293,  000 

426,  000 

1, 897,  000 

1,  354, 000 

8, 759,  000 

486,  000 

2,  062, 000 

1,  669,  000 

10,  895,  000 

500,  000 

2, 100,  000 

1,  772, 000 

11,  620,  000 

467,  000 

1,  848,  000 

1,  663,  000 

10, 437,  000 

NORWAY  AND  SWEDEN.    IMPORTS  OF  RAW  WOOL,  1875-1891. 


MILLIONS 
KILOGRAMS 

1875  1 

1876  1 

\1877  | 

8 

s 

\1880  \ 

\1881  | 

I  7<W  1 

-->" 

v., 

\1385  1 

I  7(555  1 

\1889  \ 

\1890  \ 

— i 

r 

V 

/ 

\ 

/ 

/ 

S, 

1 — 

4 

5'' 

%< 

r* 

i 

*> 

V 

-i 

■V 
✓ 

- 

r 

A 

1 

e 

/ 

r 

k 

1 

\ 

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s 

t 

i 

N 

! 

N 

N 

| 

... 

Norway. 
Sweden. 


PORTUGAL.    IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  OF  RAW  WOOLS,  1874-1890. 


Imports. 
Exports . 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


549 


PORTUGAL. 

Quantities  and  Values  of  Wool  and  Manufactures  of  Wool  Imported  into 
and  Exported  from  Portugal,  1874  to  1890. a 


[One  kilogram  equals  2-20462  pounds.   One  milreis  equals  $1.08.] 


YEARS. 

IMPORTS. 

EXPORTS. 

Wool,  raw. 

Manufactures  of  wool. 

Wool,  raw. 

Quantities. 

Values. 

Quantities. 

Values. 

Quantities. 

Values. 

Kilograms. 

Milreis. 

Kilograms. 

Milreis. 

Kilograms. 

Milreis. 

1874  .. 

1, 992,  000 

671, 000 

632, 000 

1, 654,  000 

652,  400 

217, 000 

2,  624,  000 

836,  000 

806,  000 

2, 148,  000 

723, 800 

224,  900 

1870 

1,  559,  000 

601, 000 

678, 000 

1, 797,  000 

752, 400 

201, 500 

1877 

1,  629, 000 

814,  000 

723, 000 

1, 853,  000 

987,  600 

251,  000 

1878 

2,  538,  000 

768,  300 

615, 000 

1,  410,  000 

879,  600 

222, 400 

1879 

2, 092,  000 

582,  000 

461,  000 

1,  038,  000 

722,  300 

167, 100 

1880 

2,  333,  000 

610,  000 

493,  000 

1,  188,  000 

1,211,  700 

381,  200 

1881 

2, 889,  000 

778, 000 

556,  000 

1,  496,  000 

609,  000 

198,  000 

1882.  . 

2, 447,  000 

621,  000 

543,  000 

1,  350,  000 

767,  000 

221,  000 

1883  . . . 

2,  743,  000 

686,  000 

570,  000 

1,  380,  000 

800,  000 

203,  000 

1884 

2,  875,  000 

758, 000 

572,  000 

1,  399,  000 

582,  000 

134,  000 

1885 

2,  355,  000 

745,  000 

646,  000 

1,  532,  000 

686,  000 

149,  000 

1786  . 

5, 137,  000 

1,  347,  000 

742,  000 

1,  627,  000 

720,  000 

155,  000 

1887 

3,  923,  000 

907,  000 

'  815,  000 

1, 726,  000 

826,  000 

184,  000 

1888  .  . 

4,  416,  000 

924, 000 

816,  000 

1,  851,  000 

925,  000 

199,  000 

1889 

4,  067, 000 

956,  000 

943,  000 

2,  006, 000 

956,  000 

203,  000 

1890  . . . 

4,  046, 000 

1,222,  000 

952,  000 

2, 084,  000 

631, 000 

143,  000 

a  Returns  for  1891  not  yet  available. 


RUSSIA. 

Bussia  in  Europe  (exclusive  of  Poland).*  The  number  of  sheep  and 
lambs  in  1877  was  51,822,238;  in  1883,  46,724,736;  and  in  1888  (the 
latest  year  for  which  returns  are  available),  44,465,454.  t  In  twelve 
years  the  decrease  was  14-1  per  cent.  As  will  be  seen  from  the  trade 
tables,  Eussian  exports  of  wool  have  been  about  the  same  since  1873 
(and  naturally  the  greater  export,  if  not  the  entire  export,  would  be  over 
the  European  frontier  to  the  countries  having  woolen  manufactures). 
With  a  diminishing  domestic  clip,  and  with  little  alteration  in  the 
imports  of  wool,  raw  and  in  the  yarn,  the  growth  of  the  Eussian  wool 
interests  must  occur  in  the  enormous  stretch  of  Asiatic  territory  subject 
to  her  control,  a  territory  that  is  as  completely  outside  of  statistical 
record  as  though  it  belonged  to  another  planet.  Further,  the  number- 
ing of  the  domestic  sheep  must  be  incomplete,  for  no  census  of  that 
kind  of  property  is  full  even  in  more  densely  settled  countries  where 
the  administration  is  compact  and  centralized.  That  the  exports  of 
wool  in  1891  were  about  what  they  were  in  1883,  is  fair  evidence  of  an 

*  In  1888  Poland  contained  3,754,665  sheep. 

t  Of  this  number  only  about  9,500,000  were  of  a  fine  breed. 


550 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


increased  yield  to  the  fleece  or  an  increased  source  of  supply.  The  one 
conclusion  is  opposed  by  the  general  information  we  have  of  the  avooI- 
growing  interest  in  southern  Kussia,  whence  the  United  States  draws 
its  supplies;  the  other  is  opposed  by  the  returns  of  the  number  of 
sheep  in  the  Eussian  Empire. 

In  1844  it  was  written,  "Bussia  may  be  said  to  prohibit  the  importa- 
tion of  every  material  like  those  which  can  be  drawn,  by  the  labor  of 
her  serfs,  from  her  mines  and  forests;  and  of  every  foreign  manufac- 
tured article,  in  order  that  the  labor  of  those  serfs,  with  the  aid  of 
machinery  either  imported  or  made  in  the  country  and  directed  by 
skillful  foreign  artisans,  shall  be  made  to  produce  articles  either  similar 
to  or  that  may  be  substituted  for  those  of  foreign  manufacture.  We 
readily  admit  that  this  prohibitive  system,  so  generally  injurious  to  the 
Empire,  may  be  very  profitable  to  the  nobles  at  Moscow  and  elsewhere 
who  are  the  proprietors  of  the  cheaply  and  coarsely  fed  and  clad  serfs. 
#  *  #  Cotton  twist,  still  required  by  her,  and  sheep's  wool,  several 
other  articles  not  enumerated,  are  admitted  at  small  nominal  duties.7' 
In  1841  the  duty  on  sheep's  wool  raw  was  1  ruble  90  kopecs  the  pood, 
and  on  wool  of  camels,  goats,  etc.,  12  kopecks  the  pood.  Sheep's  wool 
scoured  paid  a  duty  of  2  rubles  the  pood,  and  when  combed,  but  not 
dyed,  4  rubles  the  pood.  Dyed  wool,  combed  or  spun,  paid  a  duty  of 
4  rubles  30  kopecks  the  pood.  By  a  law  of  1882  the  duties  were  as 
follows : 


WOOL. 

Duty. 

Cents  per 
pound. 

Wool  and  down : 

Raw,  washed  and  not  washed,  not  dyed;  also  flock  wool  and 

1  ruble  per  pood  

2 

cloth  shearings. 

Unspim,  of  every  kind,  dyed;  also  artificial  wool  (shoddy, 

4 

mungo),  cloth  rags,  and  wool  waste  dyed. 

A  new  general  law  was  approved  by  the  imperial  ukase  of  June  11, 
1891,  imposing  duties,  as  follows: 


WOOL. 

Duty. 

Wool  or  hair,  neither  combed  or  spun : 

(1)  Raw  or  washed,  not  dyed;  combings  and  waste  of  wool,  not  dyed  

(2)  Djes;  artificial  wool  (shoddy,  mungo,  etc.)  and  wool  shearings,  cuttings 
of  cloth  of  all  kinds,  and  wool  waste,  dyed. 

(3)  Combed,  not  dyed  

2  rubles  the  pood. 

3  rubles  the  pood. 

5.50 rubles  the  pood. 
7  rubles  the  pood. 

Dyed  

The  well-known  Russian  carpet  wool  is  a  product  of  the  southeastern  govern- 
ments, and  not  to  be  found  equal  in  length  and  strength  in  any  other  j>art  of  the 
world.  The  most  valuable  are  the  "  Savolga"  fleeces,  of  4  to  6  inches  in  length,  and 
as  the  climate  is  a  very  trying  one  in  these  provinces,  the  wool  becomes  soft  and 
downy.  The  next  best  quality  are  the  "  Donskoi"  fleeces,  to  be  found  in  the  steppes 
on  both  sides  of  the  River  Don.  The  production  of  the  Savolga  fleeces  has  dimished 
considerably  during  the  last  decade,  as  the  original  breeders  of  this  kind  of  sheep, 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OP  WOOL. 


551 


the  Khirgese,  are  becoming  poorer  from  year  to  year.  The  pastures  of  these  nomads 
extended  as  far  as  the  Volga,  and  the  rich,  flat  country  bordering  the  river  had 
placed  them  in  the  position  of  keeping  large  herds  of  steppe  sheep.  Gradually  the 
pastures  of  the  Khirgese  were  cultivated  by  the  Government,  who  also  took  posses- 
sion of  them,  and  therefore  they  were  driven  back  into  the  uncultivated  steppes, 
where,  in  consequence  of  the  bad  climate  and  the  scarcity  of  food,  their  live  stock 
diminished  considerably.  Peasants  settled  on  this  land,  formerly  used  for  pastures, 
and  began  to  breed  the  steppe  sheep.  These  peasants,  and  those  in  the  Don  districts, 
are  the  only  ones  that  breed  this  kind  of  sheep,  which  do  not  require  shelter  or  much 
care.  Wealthier  peasants  occupy  their  time  with  breeding  the  Merino  sheep,  which 
pays  them  better. 

The  difference  in  price  is  as  follows :  The  Savolga  or  Donskoi  fleeces  realize  from 
10  to  12  rubles  against  28  to  32  rubles  per  pound  for  the  merino  fleeces.  The  trade 
with  carpet  wools  is  consequently  a  most  difficult  one.  While  merino  wool  is 
brought  into  the  market  in  large  quantities,  carpet  wool  is  brought  by  the  farmers 
in  small  quantities  and  sold  again  to  the  wool  cleaners,  who,  after  having  washed 
and  assorted  the  same,  bring  it  to  market.  The  wool  is  very  often  mixed  with  burs, 
which  grow  in  abundance  in  several  of  the  districts  mentioned  and  are  difficult  to 
remove.  The  most  important  wool-washers  have  their  offices  in  Moscow,  as  the  best 
carpet  wool  is  brought  here  for  home  consumption  as  well  as  for  export  pur- 
poses. This  city  (Moscow)  is  the  center  for  all  dealers  and  manufacturers  in  Russia. 
The  wool  that  comes  on  the  market  in  the  interior,  say  Charkow,  Rostow  on  the 
Don,  is  very  often  very  unreliable,  and  great  care  and  observation  are  necessary 
when  purchasing;  whereas  the  wool  sold  in  Moscow  can  better  be  relied  upon.  This 
also  applies  to  the  u camel  hair,"  "autumn,"  and  "lamb's  wools,"  which  are  like- 
wise used  for  the  manufacture  of  carpets.  This  is  the  cheapest  and  best  material 
used  at  a  reasonable  price  for  this  purpose.  The  trade  in  these  articles  is  confined 
almost  exclusively  to  Armenians  and  Tartars,  who  realize  from  their  sale,  partly  at 
Nijni  fair  and  partly  at  Moscow.  The  price  of  this  kind  of  wool  differs  according 
to  quality  and  purity."  * 

From  a  report  made  to  the  Department  by  George  Scott?  TL  S.  con- 
sul at  Odessa,  under  date  May  28,  1885?  I  extract  the  following: 

There  are  several  denominations  of  wool,  namely,  Cherromari,  coarse  long  wool ; 
Belovadsk,  coarse,  very  long  wool;  Don  wool  of  the  Cossack  territory,  short  or 
second  clip;  Line,  short  wool  of  the  Caucasus,  soft  texture  staple;  Manitch,  or  Don 
wool,  from  the  villages  along  the  river  Manitch,  of  good  length,  although  clipped  in 
the  autumn;  and  Brook- washed  wool,  autumn  shorn,  also  in  grease.  All  of  the 
above  are  sold  or  shipped  under  the  denomination  of  Donskoi  wool.    *    *  * 

The  total  quantity  of  Donskoi  wools  in  grease  bought  annually  in  this  consular 
district  amounts  to  about  400,000  poods  (2,400,000  pounds),  exclusive  of  brook-washed 
and  greasy  autumns.  *  *  *  After  going  through  the  process  of  washing  the  wool 
is  shipped  mostly  to  the  United  States  and  a  small  portion  to  France  and  England. 
The  loss  in  washing  depends  on  the  condition  of  the  wools  in  the  grease  and  the 
cleanliness  required;  it  is  about  40  to  45  per  cent. 

Russian  washed  wools  are  also  brought  to  the  ports  for  sale  under  the  denomina- 
tion Donskoi.  Those  wools  are,  the  greatest  portion,  in  foot  bales,  and  some  in  press 
boles,  washed  in  the  interior  at  Barosiliptz,  on  the  River  Coper;  at  Saritsine,  on  the 
Volga ;  in  the  Caucasus,  near  Stasoropol,  and  in  villages  on  the  river  Manitch ;  also 
near  Cherson.  In  1884  something  over  5,000  bales  were  sold  to  exporters  and 
rebaled. 

Merino  fine  wools,  grown  on  the  line  of  the  Caucasus,  near  and  along  the  river 
Kuban  and  in  the  district  of  the  Don  Cossack  territory,  form  a  great  portion  of  the 
commerce  in  Rostow  on  the  Don.    There  are  many  large  sheep  farms  kept  by  set- 


*U.  S.  Consul  Van  Riper,  Consular  Report  41,  May,  1884. 


552 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


tiers  from  the  Tauride,  who  took  their  sheep  there  during  the  Crimean  war.  The 
high  prices  paid  during  some  years  have  enticed  many  peasants  and  small  farmers  to 
rear  this  class  of  sheep,  finding  it  more  advantageous  than  rearing  common  sheep. 
Of  the  quantity  fine  merino  wool  in  the  grease  brought  to  the  ports  of  this  district 
annually  one-half  is  generally  contracted  for  at  fixed  prices  during  the  winter.  A 
large  portion  is  exported  in  the  grease  to  France,  England,  Belgium,  and  Prussia. 
The  remainder  is  sent  to  the  interior  towns  to  he  scoured  for  the  Moscow  market 
and  manufactories.    *    *  * 

The  weight  of  fleece  of  merino  wool  is,  from  ewes,  6  to  7  pounds ;  from  rams,  8  to  9 
pounds,  Russian ;  but  all  depends  on  the  winter,  the  pastures,  the  locality,  and  the 
spring  weather. 

From  a  report  made  by  Thomas  E.  Heenan,  U.  S.  consul  at  Odessa, 
in  March,  1890,  I  gather  that  the  quantity  of  Donskoi,  or  coarse 
wool,  brought  in  the  grease  to  the  washeries  in  Eostow  on  the  Don, 
in  1889,  amounted  to  nearly  10,000,000  pounds,  of  which  9,000,000 
pounds  were  sent  to  the  United  States.  This  wool  when  washed 
was  reduced  in  weight  about  one-half.  The  quantity  of  merino  wool 
brought  to  the  same  place  amounted  to  40,000,000  pounds  in  that  year. 
The  consul  reports : 

The  quantity  of  merino  wool  increases  every  year  in  Russia,  as  woolgrowers  find 
it  a  good  investment,  prices  during  the  past  four  years  ruling  very  high.  England 
takes  more  than  half  the  total  quantity  of  merino  wool  offered  for  sale  in  Russia, 
and  the  United  States  nearly  all  of  the  coarse  wool.  Merino  wools  are  never  shipped 
from  Russia  to  the  United  States. 

The  same  consul,  in  a  report  made  three  months  later,  attempted  to 
give  the  cost  of  sheep-raising  in  South  Eussia,  but  omitted  to  state 
whether  it  was  the  coarse  or  the  merino  wools  that  the  farmer  was  rais- 
ing. According  to  his  statement  the  average  size  of  the  flock  was 
about  1,200  sheep  and  the  number  of  attendants  for  such  a  flock  w^as  4, 
3  men  and  a  boy.  The  wages  of  a  man  was  $50  a  year,  and  of  the  boy 
$20,  with  food,  shelter,  and  a  part  of  their  clothes.  The  average  cost  of 
sheep  per  year  to  the  breeders  was  placed  at  2  rubles,  and  its  equiva- 
lent in  American  currency  was  $1.09,  though  I  can  not  determine  what 
rate  he  takes  for  the  ruble,  as  the  silver  value  would  by  no  means  cor- 
respond to  this  equivalent.  The  average  weight  of  a  fleece  was  9 
pounds  and  the  average  price  per  pound  was  from  10  to  12i  cents. 
From  5  to  10  per  cent  of  sheep  are  lost  annually  through  disease,  age, 
and  neglect.  The  proportion  of  lambs  is  about  20  per  cent.  Sheep 
imported  from  other  countries  change  their  fleece,  the  wool  grows 
coarser  and  loses  its  grease.  The  conditions  as  described  probably 
apply  to  the  carpet  wool,  or  Donskoi  grade. 

The  usual  quantity  of  merino  wool  found  its  way  to  this  market  during  the  past 
season,  viz,  ahout  17,460  tons ;  of  these  ahout  15,080  tons  were  bought  up  by  Russian 
and  Polish  manufacturers,  only  about  1,746  tons  being  exported  to  England,  while 
635  tons  still  remain  here  in  the  hands  of  speculators.  It  may  be  observed  that  the 
exports  of  merino  wool  are  yearly  decreasing,  owing  to  the  inability  of  exporters  to 
olfer  the  prices  the  Russian  buying  are  in  a  position  to  pay  consequent  upon  the  ever- 
increasing  denand  for  home  consumption.  The  prices  paid  were  from  4^.  to  5f</. 
per  pound,  some  of  the  higher  qualities  fetching  5£d.  per  pound  towards  the  end  of 
the  season. 


RUSSIA  (EUROPEAN  FRONTIER).    IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  OF  RAW 
WOOL,  1873-1891. 


MILLIONS 
POODS. 

1873  I 

qo 

1876  | 

1877  | 

Jfl7<9  1 

1879  1 

1880  1 

1882  1 

QO 

00 

1 

so 

30 

=0 

M 

1188S  1 

3 

S 

N 

/ 

7 

/ 

r 

\ 

\ 

1 

k 

V 

< 

s 

V 

/ 

i 

f 

/■ 

/ 

> 

r 

0 

■   '■  Exports. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OP  WOOL. 


553 


The  amount  of  Donskoi  greasy  wool  brought  to  this  market  during  the  past  year 
was  about  3,650  tons,  as  against  4,127  tons  in  1891.  The  deficiency  is  accounted  for 
by  the  fact  that  purchases  were  made  in  the  interior  to  supply  the  demand  for  the 
northern  provinces  brought  about  by  a  severe  loss  of  sheep  in  those  parts  duriug  the 
winter.  Of  the  above  quantity  about  160  tons  were  taken  for  home  consumption, 
the  remainder  being  bought  by  export  houses.  Shipments  in  the  grease  amounted 
to  about  715  tons,  exclusively  to  America;  the  remaining  quantity  being  washed 
yielded  about  1,905  tons,  which  were  likewise  exported,  principally  to  the  United 
States,  excepting  about  238  tons  shipped  partly  to  France  and  Italy  and  a  trifling 
quantity  to  Germany.  The  prices  ruling  during  the  season  were  from  3%d.  to  3f d. 
per  pound,  without  any  sudden  or  marked  changes  taking  place. 

The  quality  of  the  wool  was  somewhat  below  the  average,  the  sheep  having  suf- 
fered for  want  of  sufficient  food  during  the  winter,  owing  to  the  unsatisfactory  hay 
crop  of  the  preceding  year. 

The  quantity  of  brook-washed  autumn  and  lambs'  wool  offered  for  sale  was  about 
795  tons,  of  which  about  700  tons  were  secured  for  export  to  the  United  States,  viz, 
about  600  tons  autumns  and  100  tons  lambs,  the  remainder  being  sold  to  Russian 
manufacturers.  A  few  thousand  pounds  of  the  better  quality  lambs'  wool  were  for- 
warded to  Moscow  for  sale  instead  of  to  this  market,  owing  to  the  higher  prices 
obtainable  there.    The  prices  paid  here  were  from  b^d.  to  6d.  per  pound. 

About  160  tons  autumns  left  over  from  the*  previous  year  were  shipped  to  the 
United  States  in  the  spring.* 

Odessa:  export,  1891,  3,057  tons,  200,700  pounds;  1892,  1,944  tons,  118,252  pounds. 


Exports  of  Raw  Wool,  Ordinary,  Unwashed  (Tariff  No.  131). 


COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH  EXPORTED. 

1  ceo 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

European  frontier : 

Poods. 
141, 167 
140,  220 
97,  644 

Poods. 
281,  010 
173, 222 
163,  557 
700 
1,613 
46, 156 
7, 143 
1,240 

Poods. 
246,  463 
104,  648 
143,  778 
25,  988 
11,  901 
39,  703 
862 
8,  504 
1, 100 
959 
1,508 
702 

Poods. 
510, 458 
170,  345 
78, 281 
49,  242 
18,  923 
11,  595 
8,  537 
6,540 
2,  704 
2,  072 
1,  099 

Poods. 
328, 126 
90,  202 
45,  819 
12,  424 
15, 155 
4,  640 
901 
8,  041 
1,  837 
266 
531 

Turkey  

7,  270 
17,  646 
5,  893 
2,  516 

Greece  

713 

623 

Total  

Asiatic  frontier: 

Trance  

413,  355 
3,  837, 123 

675,  411 
6,  403,  562 

586,  205 
4,  694, 119 

859,  983 
6,  837, 129 

507,  942 
4,  263,  904 

135, 715 
1,  853 

145,  411 
15,  771 

133,970 
16,  418 
4,  991 
9,  849 
1,  882 
4, 421 

124,  815 
69,  038 
5,378 
4,  543 
1,  040 

157, 197 
14,  264 
6,  237 
161 
692 
455 

Persia  

15,  543 

26,  073 

United  Kingdom  

12, 858 

3,  997 
3,  060 

Austria-Hungary  

8 

Total  

Value  (rubles)  

166, 851 
1,  390, 184 

210, 663 
1,  452,  340 

175,  056 
1, 171,  975 

205,  467 
1,  404,  696 

180, 555 
1,  295, 969 

*Her  Britannic  Majesty's  Consul  Report,  April  15, 1893. 


554  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Exports  of  Raw  Wool,  Ordinary,  Washed  (Tariff  No.  132). 


COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH  EXPORTED. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

European  frontier : 
United.  States 

Poods. 
159, 145 

Poods. 
170, 866 
19, 150 
1,280 
11,  240 
4,767 
6, 822 

Poods. 
133,  055 
23, 150 
2,  318 
11  821 
1,  341 
18,  502 
1,370 
7,860 

Poods. 
82, 787 
12, 740 
4  550 
4  354 
3,  351 
623 

Poods. 
182, 541 
23, 523 
1  884 
1  425 
13,  943 
117 
210 

A  n  Qf.Tia.-  Him  crn  t*t7 

Italy 
Germany 

France  

824 
1, 100 
10, 174 
2, 199 
8,  695 
551 

Turkey  

2,  238 
950 
486 

Total  

Value  (rubles)  

183,  791 
2, 167, 270 

218, 570 
2, 371,  875 

199, 444 
1, 952, 191 

109, 166 
984, 050 

223,  643 
2, 032,  679 

Exports  of  Raw  Wool,  Ordinary,  Scoured  (Tariff  No.  133). 

COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH  EXPORTED. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

European  frontier : 

Poods 
71, 175 
1,  610 
25, 127 

Poods. 
136, 407 

Poods. 
286, 818 

Poods. 
88, 272 
22, 605 
21, 621 
15, 021 
10, 178 
8,  080 
751 

Poods. 
83,  930 
3, 982 
26,  523 
10, 479 
1,870 
8,341 
908 
.  11 
791 

Austria-Hungary  

38,  654 

19,  323 

3, 546 
4, 715 

26,  951 
19,  078 

16,036 

5, 941 
4,641 
1,578 
1,569 

4,  259 

652 



Total  

110, 464 
1, 155,  708 

221,  417 
2,  341, 690 

338, 101 
3,570,  210" 

166,  553 
1,  799, 132 

137, 492 
1,  703, 441 

Exports  of  Raw  Wool,  Merino,  Unwashed  (Tariff  No.  134). 

COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH  EXPORTED. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

European  frontier : 

Poods. 
296, 182 

Poods. 
483, 210 
1,158 

Poods. 
314, 369 
11, 218 

Poods. 
301,  361 
10,  895 
7,  798 

Poods. 
126,  324 

209 
2,  045 
1, 585 

380 

France   

7  350 
46,  463 
2, 605 

26,  348 
118,  865 
637 

23,  589 
7, 517 

6,  719 
6, 039 
3, 124 
967 

6,  711 

7, 371 

345 

Italy  

9,  623 

Total  

Value  (rubles)  

369,  331 
4,247,514 

637,  786 
9,  204,  626 

357,  087 
3, 100,  632 

337,  287 
2,  606,  355 

130,  888 
866,  210 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL, 
Exports,  Raw  Wool,  Merino,  Washed  (Tariff  No.  135). 


555 


COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH  EXPORTED. 

1889 

1890 

1  «Q1 
JLouL 

18 

757 

243 
190 

1,031 
13, 540 

9,  300 

650 

Value  (rubles)  

9,342 
212,  830 

14,  573 
365,  035 

767 
22, 710 

503 
13, 030 

668 
11, 950 

Exports,  Raw  Wool,  Merino,  Scoured  (Tariff  No.  136). 

COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH  EXPORTED. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

913 

550 

1,434 
388 

5,  241 

3,  553 

2,  418 
5,440 
1,190 

196 

Total  

9,961 
95,  602 

550 
11,  450 

1,  822 
33,  950 

5,  241 
80,  987 

3,  749 
72,  321 

Exports  of  Hair,  Camel,  Unwashed  (Tariff  No.  137). 

COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH  EXPORTED. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

United  Kingdom  

118,  924 

322,  890 

63, 446 

231,  464 
3,899 
2,  732 
1,216 

157,  263 
1, 610 
1,351 
1,  078 
64 
16, 808 

Germany  

1,  500 

7,431 
4,  676 

6,  669 

Turkey  

United  States  

2, 145 

Total  

120,  424 
1,  024,  090 

335,  289 
2,  621,  070 

72, 715 
578,  972 

239,  431 
1, 148,  703 

178,  241 
1, 124,  605 

Exports  of  Hair,  Camel,  Washed  (Tariff  No.  138). 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Total  

166 

3, 223 

285 
2,  800 

5, 936 
41,  559 

Value  

Wool  Raw,  all  other  (Tariff  No.  139). 

COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH  EXPORTED. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

22,  600 
7,102 

28,  099 
28,  900 

41,  523 
44,  030 

38, 472 
33,  920 
12,  777 
10,  617 
1,458 

16,  715 
27,  944 

Austria-Hungary  

6,  292 
9,409 

8, 237 

7,  571 
2, 148 

7,266 
1,  943 

Total  

Value  (rubles)  

56,  029 
321,  680 

70,  510 
444,  220 

101,  467 
557, 198 

107,  084 
551, 558 

61,  779 
281,  624 

556  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Wool  Spun  (Tariff  No.  140). 


1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Total  

696 
15, 749 

131 
3,125 

1,312 
16,135 

81 
2, 042 

99 
3,412 

Quantities  and  Values  of  Wool  and  Manufactures  of  Wool  Imported  into 
and  Exported  from  Russia  in  Europe,  1866  to  1891. 


[One  pood  equals  36-0113  pounds.    One  silver  rouble  equals  58.2  cents.] 


YEABS. 

IMPORTS. 

EXPORTS. 

Wool,  raw. 

Yalue  of  wool 
manufactures. 

Wool,  raw. 

On  q  n  "f ,i  f i  p  q 

V  Clix  \XKj\j  • 

On!iTit,i+i'pa 

U  tX  LI- 1)1  Uvo  • 

V  alues. 

Poods. 

Silver  roubles. 

Silver  roubles. 

Poods. 

Silver  roubles. 

1866 

117,  399 

5,  483,  534 

4,  219,  915 

1,  234,  451 

15,  554,  084 

1867 

196, 823 

8,  542,  695 

6, 195,  822 

762, 985 

9,  613,  615 

1868 

138,  410 

9,  759,  974 

6, 133,  355 

858, 170 

11, 424,  978 

1869 

295,  311 

11, 097,  046 

9,  019,  556 

924,  173 

7, 667,  055 

1870 

349,  653 

13,  08b,  02Z 

8,  556,  684 

89b,  282 

7,  867,  015 

1871 

380,  411 

13,  810,  629 

10, 109, 705 

974, 129 

7,  625,  760 

1872 

382,  662 

15, 161,  663 

14, 199,  542 

1, 199,  800 

13, 995,  311 

1873 

470, 441 

13,  282,  227 

12,  752,  234 

678, 183 

7,  453,  992 

1874 

536,  057 

16,  468,  323 

13,  329, 492 

1,  053,  936 

11,  357,  254 

1875 

648,  532 

19,  775,  260 

16, 120,  057 

879,  598 

8,  648,  626 

1876  

443,  367 

12,  724, 406 

12,  635,  560 

1, 179,  688 

11,  954,  458 

1877  

355, 182 

11,  526.  607 

6,  536,  367 

1,  339,  682 

22,  374,  598 

1878  

794, 561 

24,  087,  205 

10, 536,  940 

1,  093,  939 

11,  961,  230 

1879  

979, 127 

29,  694, 183 

12,  321,  290 

953,  468 

10,  937,  206 

1880  ,  

821, 754 

24,  405,  000 

12, 103,  000 

1, 441, 466 

13,  659,  000 

1881  '.  

747,  658 

24, 052,  000 

7,  711, 000 

1,  015,  862 

11,189,  400 

1882  

807,  916 

28,  717,  000 

8,  964,  000 

1,  208,  984 

12, 323, 000 

1883  

610,  000 

22,  431, 000 

6,  520,  090 

1,  800,  000 

17,  646,  000 

1884  

503, 000 

18,  607,  000 

5,  467,  000 

1,  674,  000 

15,  685,  000 

1885  

626,  000 

21,  449,  000 

4,  628, 000 

1,  433,  000 

12,  003,  000 

1886  

550,  000 

18,  555,  000 

3,  682,  000 

2,  296,  000 

20,  954,  000 

1887  

504,  000 

23,  051,  000 

2,  680,  000 

1,  760,  000 

15,  526,  000 

1888  

786,  000 

24,  571,  000 

2,  308,  000 

1, 192,  000 

12,  538,  000 

1889  

702,  000 

20,  938,  000 

3,  277,  000 

2, 168, 000 

23,  618,  000 

1890  

557,  000 

20,  686,  000 

3,  325,  000 

1,  651,  000 

14,  357,  000 

1891  

454,  000 

15, 993,  000 

3,  361,  000 

1,  816,  000 

13,  820,  000 

SPAIN. 

In  1795  the  total  exports  from  Spain  were  valued  at  480,000,000  reals 
vellon  ($25,000,000),  to  which  wool  contributed  150,000,000  reals  vellon. 
The  imports  of  wool  into  the  United  Kingdom  from  Spain  for  the  years 
1831-1840  were:* 


YEAR. 

Pounds. 

YEAR. 

Pounds. 

1831  

3,  474,  823 

2,  626,  624 

3,  339, 150 
2,  343,  915 
1,  602,  752 

1836  

2,  818, 137 
2,  244,  817 
1,814,877  1 
2, 409,  634 
1,  266, 905 

1832  

1837  

1833  

1838  

1834  

1839  

1835  

1840  

*  McGregor7 

s  Commercial  Statistics,  II, 

1,034. 

SPAIN.    IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  OF  RAW  WOOL,  1874-1891. 


MILUON 

& 

-4 

w 

6 

r 

f 

7 

-V 

6 

| 

- 

4- 

r- 

■1 

-i 

\ 

— 

f- 

— 

l 

m 

t 

1 

T 

\ 

f 

t 

- 

1 

i 

/ 

> 

2 

r 

\ 

r 

1 

Imports. 
Exports. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


557 


In  1842  Spain  sent  to  France  3,925,189  kilograms  (8,635,416  pounds), 
and  the  value  constituted  more  than  one-fifth  (22.4  per  cent)  of  the  value 
of  the  entire  imports  from  Spain.  Statistics  of  the  export  of  wools  to 
other  countries  are  wanting,  but  at  this  time  that  commodity  must 
have  formed  one  of  the  leading  staples  if  not  the  staple  in  the  Spanish 
export  trade.  The  tariff  of  1841  specifically  notices  an  element  of  com- 
petition for  "  Saxony  wool,  called  "primas  electoralis  79  was  subjected 
to  a  duty  of  40  reals  vellon  for  every  arroba  imported,  or  about  8  cents 
a  pound.  Inl859  the  exports  of  wool  were  returned  at  159,917  arrobas* 
(4,055,493  pounds)  showing  a  marked  falling  off  in  quantity.  The 
exports  since  1866  are  given  in  the  usual  table.  The  destination  of  the 
exports  of  raw  wools  in  the  two  years  1880  and  1891  are  given  in  the 
following  table.  In  the  earlier  years  a  distinction  is  made  between 
common  wool  and  fine  or  merino  wool,  a  distinction  not  retained  in  the 
latter  year.  As  showing  the  relative  importance  of  the  two  kinds,  I 
keep  separate  the  earlier  returns. 


WOOL  IN  THE  GREASE. 


COUNTRY  OF  DESTINATION. 

1* 

Common. 

*80 

Fine  or 
merino. 

1891 

Kilograms. 
11, 419 
10, 520 
3,  385,  685 
311, 737 
2,  800 
34,  658 
914, 354 

Kilograms. 

Kilograms. 

340 

12,  604 
6, 166 
41, 971 

3, 437,  059 
206, 876 

Italy  

67,  825 
3,  578,  204 

1,  201, 189 

Total  

4,  671, 173 
1.60 

1,  261,  930 
2. 60 

7,  290,  304 
1.  70 

WASHED  WOOL. 

17,  744 
80,  552 
183,  217 
400 

200 
155,  776 
188 
840 
2,  284 
9,  900 
92 

102,  296 
576 
74, 592 

26,  587 

Italy  

Total  

281,  913 
3.1 

26,  587 
5 

346, 741 
4 

If  the  returns  of  exports  in  1795  are  correct,  wool  gave  more  than  31 
per  cent  of  the  value  of  all  exports.    In  1891  the  value  of  raw  wool  rep- 


*  Anuario  Estadistico  de  Espana,  I860,  p.  323. 


558 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


resented  only  7,686,000  pesetas  out  of  a  total  of  932.245,000  pesetas; 
less  than  1  per  cent.  As  already  stated,  it  was  in  1818  Spain  lost  its 
supremacy  in  the  English  wool  markets,  and  this  must  have  been  the 
result  of  some  decay  in  the  Spanish  trade,  a  natural  consequence,  per- 
haps, of  Napoleon's  wars.  A  decisive  blow  on  the  part  of  England 
must  also  have  determined  the  decline  of  exports  in  that  particular 
direction.  Wool  was  admitted  into  England  free  of  duty  from  1787  to 
1802,  when  a  duty  of  5s.  3d.  per  cwt.  was  imposed.  In  1813  this  duty 
was  raised  to  6s.  Sd.  per  cwt.,  and  in  1819  to  56s.  per  cwt.,  or  about  12 
cents  a  pound.  This  high  rate  of  duty,  1  cent  a  pound  higher  than  is 
collected  on  unwashed  wools  of  the  first  class  under  the  United  States 
tariff  law  of  1890,  was  intended  as  a  measure  of  protection,  and  must 
have  seriously  affected  the  imports  of  Spanish  wool  already  falling 
away  in  the  face  of  German  competition. 

I  am  unable  to  find  any  estimate  of  the  number  of  sheep  and  lambs 
in  Spain. 

Quantities  and  Values  of  Wool  and  Manufactures  of  Wool  Imported  into 
and  Exported  from  Spain,  1866  to  1891. 


[One  kilogram  equals  2*20462  pounds.    One  peseta  equals  19.3  cents.] 


YEARS. 

IMPORTS. 

EXPORTS. 

Manufactures  of  wool. 

Wool.  raw. 

Quantities. 

Yalues. 

Quantities. 

Values. 

Kilograms. 

Pesetas. 

Kilograms. 

Pesetas. 

664, 000 

6,  338,  000 

2,  997,  000 

2,  390,  000 

659,  000 

5,  694,  000 

4, 132,  000 

2,  230,  000 

705,  000 

5,  878,  000 

2,  952,  000 

1,527,  000 

718,  000 

13,  001,  000 

3,  028,  000 

3,  329,  000 

948, 000 

15,  063,  000 

2,  515,000 

6,  613,  000 

L,  110,  000 

15,  945,  000 

5,  525,  000 

10, 428,  000 

800,  000 

11,  429,  000 

!    4,  331,  000 

8,  552,  000 

582,  000 

7, 799,  000 

2,  672,  000 

6, 182, 000 

995,  000 

10, 193,  000 

1,  960,  000 

3,  995,  000 

794,  000 

9,  948,  000 

4,225,000 

8, 141,  000 

1,  363, 000 

18,  938,  000 

1,  851,  000 

3, 466, 000 

1,  521,  000 

18,  965,  000 

4,  044,  000 

7,  529,  000 

1,  833,  445 

26,  536,  000 

3,  581,  000 

5, 917,  000 

1,  810,  000 

22,  812,  000 

3, 840,  000 

6,  548,  000 

1, 818,  000 

23, 197,  000 

6,  242,  000 

11,  762,  000 

2,  081,  000 

26, 454,  000 

3,  877,  000 

6,  472,  000 

2,  262,  000 

29,  831,  000 

2,  677, 000 

5,  903,  000 

1883  

2, 104,  000 

27,  525,  000 

3,  931,  000 

8,  011, 000 

1884  

2,  353,  000 

30,  844,  000 

3,  637,  000 

6,  581,  000 

2,  355,  000 

28, 934,  000 

2,  720,  000 

4, 625, 000 

2,  310,  000 

27,  606,  000 

9,  205,  000 

16, 095,  000 

1887  

2, 199,  000 

24, 938,  000 

8,  294,  000 

14, 123,  000 

1888  

2, 184,  000 

24,  711,  000 

9,  353,  000 

15,  580,  000 

1889  

2,  478,  000 

29,  839,  000 

8,  984,  000 

15,  531, 000 

1890  

2, 141,  000 

22, 449,  000 

5,  341,  000 

8,  611,  000 

1891  

2,  479,  000 

26,  286,  000 

4,  755,  000 

7,  686,  000 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


559 


SWEDEN. 

Quantities  and  Values  of  Wool  and  Manufactures  of  Wool  imported  into 

Sweden,  1873  to  1891. 


[One  kilogram  equals  2*20462  pounds.    One  krona  equals  26-8  cents.] 


YEABS. 

WOOL, 

RAW. 

MANUFACTURES  OF 

WOOL. 

Yarns. 

Other. 

Quantities. 

Values. 

Quantities. 

Values. 

Quantities. 

Values. 

Kilograms. 

Kronor. 

Kilograms. 

Kronor. 

Kilograms. 

Kronor. 

1873  

1,  691, 724 

5,  969,  000 

490,  803 

4,  303,  000 

1,  672, 545 

16.  858,  000 

1874  

1, 579,  551 

5,  573,  000 

580, 118 

3, 110,  000 

2,  038, 938 

20,  610, 000 

1875  

1, 394,  515 

4, 592,  000 

517, 776 

3,  647, 000 

1,  568,  548 

15,  760,  000 

1876  

1,  861, 739 

6, 569,  000 

607,  264 

3, 942, 000 

1,  750,  746 

17, 539,  000 

1877  

1,  848,  788 

6,  876,  000 

603, 196 

3, 128,  000 

1, 980,  543 

19,  887,  000 

1878  

857, 170 

2, 520,  000 

489,  343 

2,  597, 000 

1,  360, 807 

13,  655,  000 

1879  

911,  053 

2,  679,  000 

547, 194 

2, 655, 000 

1,  280, 993 

12,  883,  000 

1880  

1, 286,  888 

3, 784,  000 

vvl)  *JO\J 

2  836  000 

o  046  163 

90  65*3  000 

1881  

1,  620,  327 

4,  861, 000 

635,  582 

2, 463,  000 

2, 163,  024 

21,  093, 000 

1882  

1,  567,  946 

4,  705,  000 

801, 834 

3, 084,  000 

2, 088,  075 

20,  277,  000 

1883 

1, 840,  733 

5,  524,  000 

918,  461 

3, 423,  000 

2,  383, 616 

23, 196,  000 

1884  

2,  111,  675 

6,  339,  000 

1,  004,  000 

3,661,000 

2,  308,  615 

22,  400, 000 

1885  

2,  073,  596 

5,  711,  000 

1,  312,  430 

4,  762,  000 

2,  277, 5C0 

22,  053, 000 

1886  

1,  837,  883 

5,  801,  000 

1,  293, 769 

4,  619,  000 

2, 101,  631 

20,  390, 000 

1887  

1,  965,  210 

6,  202, 000 

1,  210,  313 

4, 267,  000 

1, 930,  213 

18,  730, 000 

1888  

2, 108,  834 

6,  654,  000 

1, 504,  644 

5,  075,  000 

2,  231,  734 

21,  610, 000 

1889  

2,608,092 

8,  221,  000 

1,  793, 737 

6, 412,  000 

2,  684,  745 

26,  046,  000 

1890  

2,  375, 131 

7,  492,  000 

1,  549,  253 

5,  525,  000 

2,  582,  799 

25, 087,  000 

1891  

2, 103, 339 

6,  326, 000 

1, 410,  606 

4,  818,  000 

2,  461,  929 

23, 936, 000 

SWITZERLAND. 


IMPORTS. 


YEARS. 

WOOL. 

Raw  and  combed. 

Manufactures. 

Quantities. 

Values. 

Yams. 

Other. 

Quintals. 

Francs. 

Quintals. 

Francs. 

Quintals. 

Francs. 

1885  

30,  523 

7,  396,  000 

5,802 

5,  630,  000 

31,  044 

42,  096,  000 

1886  

33, 163 

11,  620,  000 

6, 145 

4,  885,  000 

32,  484 

39,  096,  000 

1887  

37, 789 

10,  795,  000 

5, 475 

4, 159,  000 

32,  528 

39, 534,  000 

1888  

39, 174 

11,  017,  000 

6,  746 

5,  373,  000 

34,  891 

39,  800,  000 

1889  

46,  772 

14,  313,  000 

6,748 

5,  580,  000 

36, 423 

42,  001,  000 

1890  

46,  498 

13,  850,  000 

6,  358 

5, 045, 000 

36, 966 

42,  948,  000 

1891  

42,  626 

11,  351,  000 

6,421 

4,  635, 000 

39, 446 

42,  273,  000 

EXPORTS. 


1885 
1886, 
1887, 
1888, 
1889 
1890 
1891 


10,  891 

2,  064,  000 

8,  295 

7,  037,  000 

2,  521 

2, 417, 000 

11,  498 

2,  024,  000 

9,340 

7,  950,  000 

2,  356 

3,  587,  000 

12, 152 

2, 182,  000 

9,  662 

8,  537,  000 

2,  925 

4,  466,  000 

12,  710 

2,  247,  000 

11,102 

9,  252,  000 

3, 678 

4,  556,  000 

12,  736 

2,  512,  000 

12,  030 

10,  695,  000 

4,382 

6,  356,  000 

10,  808 

2,  425,  000 

12,  379 

10,  637,  000 

4,  265 

5,  660,  000 

11, 454 

2,  576,  000 

10,  952 

8,  907,  000 

4, 379 

6,  601,  000 

560 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL, 
UNITED  KINGDOM. 

Number  of  Sheep  and  Estimated  Clip  (a). 

ENGLAND  ONLY. 


Authority. 


Number  of 
sheep. 


Method  of  calculation. 


Weight  of 
clip. 


Mr.    Luccock,  wool 
merchant  (Leeds). 


Mr.  James  Hubbard 
and  Sir  George 
Goodwin  (Leeds). 


26, 148,  000 


Long  wooled   4, 153,  000 

Short  wooled   14,  854,  000 


Total  shorn   19,007,000 

Add  for  sheep  slaughtered,  1,  239,  000 
and  carrion  (long  wool), 

ditto  (short  wool)   4,  433,  000 

Lambs   1,470,000 


Pounds. 


94,  377,  000 


111,  161,  000 


UNITED  KINGDOM. 


Professor  Low  

Mr.  E.  Baines,  at 
British  Association 
(Leeds). 

Mr.  Archibald  Hamil- 
ton, Statistical  So- 
ciety's Journal, 
from  Messrs.  Hub- 
bard's tables. 

Earl  Cathcart,  in  It.  A. 
S.  E.  Journal  from 
Messrs.  Hubbards' 
tables. 

Mr.  J.  A.  Clarke,  "  R. 
A.  S.  E.  Journal," 
1878,  from  Messrs. 
Hubbard's  tables. 


Sir  James  Caird  

Helmuth  Schwartze 
&  Co.'s  wool  circu- 
lar. 

"  Bradford  Observer  " 
wool  tables. 


35,  000,  000.. 


34, 138,  000.. 
(all  ages.) 


22, 189, 184... 

(One  year 
old  and  up- 
wards only 
considered.) 
21,492,000. . . . 

(One  year 
old  and  up- 
wards only 
considered.) 


27,840,000... 
(In  1881.) 


Average  weight  per  fleece,  4£  pounds 


Pounds. 

Sheep  shorn,  yielding  . . .  124, 000,  000 
Lambs  shorn  in  certain 

counties   2,  470,  000 

Skin  and  wool   33,  482,  000 

Sheep  in  1867-'69,  weight  of  fleece 
worked  out  county  by  county,  but 
only  sheep  actually  shorn  allowed 
for. 

Sheep  in  1875-76,  worked  out  as  above ; 
average  weight  of  fleece  5|  pounds ; 
no  allowance  for  lambs  and  slaugh- 
tered sheep. 


Estimate  of  shorn  sheep: 

Average  1878-74  

Average  1874-  79  

Calculated  on  both  sheep  and  lambs 
at  fixed  weights  of  fleece  by  coun- 
ties (average  5|  pounds  per  fleece), 
and  deduction  made  from  total  of  3 
pounds  per  head  on  lambs  of  1882 
+  aggregate  decrease  of  sheep  and 
lambs  between  1881  and  1882,  which 
is  taken  to  represent  the  slaugh- 
tered sheep  of  the  year. 


157,  500,  000 
b  175,  000,  000 


159,  952,  000 


124,  000,  000 


119,  473,  000 


136,  000, 000 

157,  000,  000 
155, 000,  000 
129,  000,  000 


a  From  a  paper  on  the  Statistics  of  Agricultural  Production,  by  Maj .  P.  G.  Craigie,  Secretary  of 
the  Central  Chamber  of  Agriculture,  1883. 
615,000,000  pounds  exported. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  561 
Estimates  of  AYool  grown  ix  the  United  Kingdom  in  1893. 
[Bradford  Observer.] 


Lincoln  

East  Riding  Yorkshire  .. 

Nottingham  

Leicester  

Warwick  

Kent  

Huntingdon  

Rutland  

Northampton  

Oxford...,  

Gloucester  

Somerset  

Devon   

Cornwall  

Ireland  

Hereford  

Worcester  

Stafford  

Shropshire  

Bedford  

Berkshire  

Buckingham  

Cambridge  

Herts  

Norfolk  

Suffolk  

Essex  

Surrey  

Middlesex  

Sussex  

Hants  

Wilts  

Dorset  

Scotland  

Northumberland  

Cumberland  

Durham  

Westmoreland  

North  Riding  Yorkshire . 
West  Riding  Yorkshire. . 

Lancaster  

Derby  

Chester  

Monmouth  

Wales.  


Sheep  and  lambs  in  1892  . 
Slaughtered  


Net  clip  of  wool  in  1893. 


Sheep  and 

Weight 

Total. 

lambs. 

per  fleece. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

1,341,  672 

12,  745,  884 

493,  271 

8 

3,  946, 168 

250,  712 

1,880,  340 

369, 141 

7 

2,  583,  987 

337, 050 

7 

2.  359,  350 

1,  027,  684 

7 

7, 193, 788 

119.  229 

7 

834,  603 

91,  281 

7 

638,  967 

477,  770 

6| 

3,  224, 947 

287,  884 

61 

1,  943,  217 

408, 968 

7 

2,  862,  776 

624,  448 

7 

4,  371, 136 

995,  899 

7 

6,  971,  293 

477, 551 

7 

3,  342,  857 

4,  827,  702 

6 

28,  966,  212 

360,  535 

*f 

2,  073,  069 

208,  695 

5| 

1,199,  996 

305, 198 

$1 

1,  754,  889 

523,  689 

6 

3, 142, 134 

130,  851 

6 

785, 106 

244,  986 

6 

1,469,  916 

243,  497 

6 

1,  460,  982 

258,  574 

6 

1,  551,444 

157,  220 

6 

943, 320 

613,  418 

6 

3,  680,  508 

474, 747 

5 

2,  373,  735 

356,  977 

1,606,396 

87,  801 

4 

395, 104 

44,  215 

5 

211, 075 

515,  985 

2,321,932 

464,  904 

2,  092,  068 

626,  659 

4* 

2,  819,  965 

431, 757 

5 

2, 158,  785 

7,  513,  447 

5 

37,717,  235 

1,  042,  093 

6 

6,  256, 158 

561,  604 

6 

3,  369,  624 

249,  212 

6 

1,  495,  272 

373,  322 

6 

2,  239,  932 

743,  955 

6 

4,  463,  730 

746,  587 

6 

4,  4/9,  m 

348,  654 

6 

2,  091,  924 

224,  668 

6 

1,  348,  008 

115,  781 

H 

521,  014 

235,  062 

41 

1,  057,  779 

3,  197,  501 

11, 191,  253 

33,  562,  406 

192, 137, 100 

13,  841,  666 

3 

41,  524,  983 

150,  612, 117 

H.  Mis.  94- 


-36 


562 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


THE  LONDON  WOOL  MARKET,  1887-1893. 
[From  the  animal  circulars  of  Helmuth  Scliwartze  &  Co.] 

London,  January  11,  1887. 
The  past  year  has  witnessed  such  sudden,  strong  and  contradictory 
fluctuations  in  the  prices  of  wool  as  to  give  the  course  of  the  market 
an  air  of  artificiality.  Strong  upward  and  downward  movements  are 
not  foreign  to  the  article,  but  when  they  have  occurred  the  cause  pro- 
ducing them  has  lain  on  the  surface.  The  wave  of  prosperity  that  fol- 
lowed the  war  in  1870,  or  the  excitement  in  Amercia  1879-'80,  ade- 
quately explained  in  the  one  case  the  lasting,  in  the  other  the  tempo- 
rary rise  of  wool  and  of  many  other  commodities.  In  the  present  case 
such  an  obvious  explanation  is  wanting.  It  is  possible  to  follow  the 
movements  with  reasons  only  for  a  short  way,  to  argue  that  the  low 
level  of  values  had  stimulated  consumption,  that  the  decline  had  gone 
too  far  and  rendered  a  reaction  legitimate,  that  the  decrease  in  the 
Buenos  Ayres  clip  reported  in  spring  produced  a  strenthening  and  the 
war  rumors  and  unexpectedly  large  supplies  of  colonial  wool  at  the  end 
of  the  year  a  Aveakening  effect  upon  the  market.  But  there  is  nothing 
in  the  proportion  of  supply  and  demand,  which  in  its  entirety  was  per- 
fectly normal,  or  in  the  condition  of  the  industry,  which  from  one  end 
of  the  year  to  the  other  presented  the  same  aspect  of  full,  steady 
employment,  to  account  for  the  alternate  cold  and  hot  fits  to  which  the 
market  has  been  subject.  So  little  used  was  the  trade  to  such  trans- 
formations that  the  unexpected  and,  in  its  magnitude,  unaccountable 
rise  in  the  spring  was  in  this  country  for  some  time  regarded  as  the 
work  of  a  foreign  "ring."  This  view  was  not  founded  on  fact,  but  it 
contained  a  germ  of  truth.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  speculation 
last  year  played  a  more  prominent  part  than  is  commonly  the  case,  not 
on  the  strength  of  the  policy  of  a  few  individuals,  but  from  a  combi- 
nation of  circumstances  which  rendered  an  article,  not  as  a  rule  lend- 
ing itself  easily  to  speculative  handling,  sensitive  to  even  small  influ- 
ences. 

Between  the  day's  requirements  of  the  consumption  and  the  visible 
supplies  in  the  market  lie  the  more  immediate  supplies  represented  by 
the  stocks  in  the  hands  of  the  trade  ;  stocks  partly  absolutely  necessary, 
but  partly  speculative  and  elastic,  large  or  small  according  to  the 
amount  of  confidence  entertained  at  the  time  by  the  owner.  Even  in 
individual  cases  the  difference  between  the  "large"  and  the  "small" 
can  be  considerable;  but  where  a  whole  trade  is  concerned,  where  it  is 
swayed  simultaneously  in  the  same  direction  and  from  one  extreme  to 
the  other,  it  may  represent  a  rising  or  sinking  of  the  demand  of  vast  pro- 
portions. This  is  what  happened  last  year.  Owing  to  the  continued 
downward  course  of  the  market,  the  trade  in  all  its  branches  had  come  to 
learn  that  stocks  meant  losses,  and  had  consequently  reduced  them  to 
a  minimum.    The  ordinary  and  healthy  disposition,  moreover,  to  resist 


TABLE  SHEWING  FLUCTUATIONS  IN  THE  VALUE  OF  COLONIAL  WOOLS  DURING  THE  PAST  25  TEARS. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


563 


a  rise  and  to  see  a  source  of  profit  in  cheapness,  had  after  the  intermi- 
nable falls  become  completely  reversed ;  it  was  not  cheaper  wool  that 
the  trade  wanted  but  dearer  wool.  When,  therefore,  on  the  report  of 
a  decrease  in  the  Eiver  Plate  production  some  houses  in  France  began 
to  buy  resolutely,  this  practical  manifestation  of  confidence  proved 
contagious.  The  movement  was  not  resisted,  but  on  the  contrary  hailed 
with  universal  satisfaction.  Every  one  helped  it  on,  speculation  revived 
on  a  large  scale,  and  the  general  replenishing  of  stocks  which  ensued 
produced  apart  from  the  actual  consumption  a  wave  of  demand  which 
carried  all  before  it.  Tbe  advance  reached  lengths  which  rendered  a 
reaction  natural.  Yet  the  extent  of  the  latter,  making  all  due  allowance 
for  the  unexpectedly  heavier  supplies  of  the  last  series  and  the  influence 
of  the  political  apprehension,  is  in  the  face  of  an  excellent  business 
intelligible  only  on  the  ground  of  a  sense  ot  bewilderment.  All  specu- 
lation collapsed,  and  though  the  bulk  of  the  wools  oifered  in  Decem- 
ber was  sold,  it  passed  into  fewer  hands,  and  the  conspicuous  absten- 
tion of  many  French  buyers,  by  limiting  the  number  of  competitors, 
depressed  the  market  beyond  what  seemed  requisite. 

Though  much  of  what  was  gained  in  summer  has  been  lost  again, 
the  year  must  have  enriched  the  trade  generally.  On  a  superficial 
view  its  results  seem  to  teach  that  thorough-going  confidence  on  the 
part  of  a  few  may  achieve  much,  and  movements  to  reproduce  these 
experiences  are  being  witnessed  at  this  moment.  But  it  is  unlikely 
that  last  year's  peculiar  circumstances  will  recur,  and  if  an  improve- 
ment is  carried  it  will  probably  be  less  by  means  of  speculative  action 
than  on  the  more  solid  grounds  of  large  consumption  and  moderate 
supplies. 


London,  January  11,  1888. 
A  review  OF  the  YEAR. — In  strong  contrast  to  the  violent  fluctua- 
tions which  had  marked  the  preceding  twelve  months,  the  even  course 
of  1887  appears  singularly  uneventful.  The  year  began  under  dis- 
tinctly favorable  auspices,  and  the  thought  that  it  might  possibly  have 
in  store  a  repetition  of  the  experiences  of  1886  was  probably  present 
to  not  a  few  minds.  The  position  of  the  article  appeared  so  sound,  the 
raw  material  had  receded  to  so  low  a  level,  and  the  forthcoming  supplies 
promised  to  be  so  well  within  the  bounds  of  industrial  requirements, 
that  a  renewed  manifestation  of  elasticity  would  have  had  nothing 
unnatural  in  it.  Any  illusion  on  the  point  had,  however,  to  be  aban- 
doned, for  though  a  rise  in  the  first  series  seemed  temporarily  to  support 
sanguine  views,  the  smallness  of  the  improvement  and  its  undecided 
transient  character  showed  its  inherent  weakness  too  clearly  to  allow" 
of  any  further  expectations  being  based  upon  it.  Still,  and  despite  the 
adverse  influence  of  ever-recurrent  war  apprehensions,  a  generally 
favorable  opinion  managed  to  maintain  itself  during  the  first  three  or 


564 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


four  months,  and  this  part  of  the  year  must  have  yielded  generally 
favorable  results  to  the  trade.  After  that  confidence  waned  so  dis- 
tinctly that  whereas  at  the  beginning  of  the  year  no  solid  ground  had 
appeared  why  prices  should  not  return  to  the  high  rates  of  the  year 
before,  the  question  which  the  trade  asked  itself  in  autumn  was.  What 
should  prevent  the  market  from  falling  to  the  lowest  point  of  1886? 
The  moderate  supplies  of  the  raw  material  forbade  an  approach  to  that 
exceptional  level,  but  yarns  and  goods  came  near  it,  rendering  the  posi- 
tion of  manufacturers  for  a  time  very  difficult.  The  last  month  of  1887 
witnessed — partly  in  consequence  of  a  rise  in  other  articles  of  con- 
sumption— a  return  of  confidence,  greater  activity  in  the  trade  and  a 
moderate  improvement  in  the  prices  of  wool  and  woolen  goods,  which 
brought  the  former  back  to  the  opening  level  of  the  year,  but  left  the 
latter  still  distinctly  behind  it. 

We  thus  have  a  twelvemonth  of  mostly  indifferent  and  halting  busi- 
ness, but  with  a  good  tone  at  both  ends ;  the  opening  tone  good  as  an 
after  effect  of  the  experiences  of  the  previous  year,  the  closing  good 
because  of  the  contagious  influence  of  a  rise  of  articles  quite  uncon- 
nected with  wool;  at  both  ends  also  the  same  prices  of  the  raw  material, 
with  a  moderate  depression — say  of  5  to  10  per  cent — in  the  middle, 
and  a  range  of  values  low  throughout.  Considering  the  favorable  con- 
ditions in  which  the  trade  was  placed,  and  the  evident  signs  of  strength 
the  article  had  revealed  in  the  preceding  year,  the  result  seems  disap- 
pointing; the  more  as  the  grounds  on  which  better  expectations  had 
been  built  have  proved  sound  in  the  main.  As  had  been  assumed,  the 
stocks  have  shown  themselves  low,  the  rate  of  consumption  large,  the 
supply  stationary.  Whence,  then,  the  indifferent  result  ?  The  answer 
must,  we  believe,  be  partly  sought  in  the  injurious  influence  of  politics. 
Again  and  again  have  war  rumors  destroyed  the  reviving  confidence, 
stifled  all  healthy  speculation,  and  prevented  the  trade  from  stocking 
itself  to  a  legitimate  extent.  But  it  must  also  probably  be  admitted 
that,  as  we  pointed  out  in  our  last  annual  circular,  a  permanent  return 
of  the  value  of  wool  to  former  levels  can  not  yet  be  expected,  and  that 
however  low  present  prices  may  appear  as  compared  with  ten  or  fifteen 
years  ago,  they  are  but  in  harmony  with  the  reduced  value  of  most 
large  articles  of  consumption. 


London,  January  107  1889. 
The  past  year  has  been  fairly  satisfactory  to  both  growers  and  manu- 
facturers. Its  main  feature  is  the  absorption  of  a  rather  large  increase 
in  the  supplies  without  difficulty,  without  accumulation  of  stocks  and 
with  no  more  than  a  very  moderate,  one  may  say  legitimate,  pressure 
upon  prices.  Throughout  the  year  machinery  has  been  well  employed. 
A  partial  reduction  of  working  hours  was  indeed  reported  from  France, 
where  the  condition  of  the  industry  has  given  ground  for  complaint  for 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


565 


some  time  past.  But  taken  as  a  whole  the  rate  of  consumption  has 
been  very  large ;  the  trade  has  been  much  less  disturbed  by  political 
apprehensions  than  in  1887  and  has  for  the  most  part,  we  believe,  worked 
at  fairly  remunerative  rates. 

The  increase  in  the  colonies  amounted  to  10  per  cent,  and  though 
the  clip  in  the  Eiver  Plate  States  differed  but  little  from  that  of  1887, 
the  supplies  that  actually  reached  the  hands  of  the  trade  were  also 
about  10  per  cent  larger.  This  is  a  considerable  surplus  in  one  year. 
Yet  it  is  easy  to  exaggerate  its  importance.  A  large  expansion  of  the 
production  is  no  longer  the  standing  feature  which  it  was  in  former 
years  when  the  forward  strides  made  annually  were  indeed  incompara- 
bly greater  and  their  lowering  effect  upon  the  value  of  wool  unmis- 
takable. In  recent  times  there  has  been  no  appreciable  lowering  of 
prices  from  this  cause.  The  production  still  goes  ahead,  of  course,  but 
the  increase  is  much  smaller,  less  general,  and  more  intermittent  than 
formerly,  a  rapid  growth  in  one  season  and  one  country  being  partly 
neutralized  by  a  stationary  or  even  receding  supply  in  another  season 
and  another  country.  Hence  the  comparatively  small  pressure  exer- 
cised upon  values.  The  rate  of  consumption  is  fully  abreast  of  the 
supplies,  and  an  occasional  strong  increase  is,  as  in  the  past  year,  cleared 
with  ease. 

The  low  state  of  stocks  in  the  hands  of  the  trade  is  a  feature  which 
has  been  observed  for  some  time,  but  which  during  the  past  year  or  two 
has  come  into  view  with  increasing  clearness.  It  is  a  fruit  partly  of  a 
long  period  of  declining  prices  which  taught  the  trade  to  avoid  stocks 
as  an  almost  invariable  source  of  losses,  partly  the  result  of  the  accel- 
erated means  of  transport  and  the  quicker  transmission  of  intelligence, 
which  render  large  provisions  practically  unnecessary.  The  amount  of 
the  latter  still  varies,  of  course,  in  accordance  with  the  more  or  less  san- 
guine views  held  at  the  time,  but,  given  the  same  degree  of  confidence, 
there  is  little  doubt  but  that  the  industry  is  now  stocked  less  than  in 
former  years.  This  is  a  new  factor,  which  has  to  be  borne  in  mind  in 
every  estimate  of  the  market  and  its  chances.  In  some  measure  it  will 
cause  prices  to  follow  the  changing  conditions  of  supply  and  demand 
more  closely  and  immediately ;  but  it  may  also  in  times  of  revival  pro- 
duce precipitate  action  and  undue  excitement,  as  was  the  case  in  the 
summer  of  1886. 

The  present  range  of  prices  is  often  called  low,  and  appears  so  on  a 
comparison  with  former  years;  but  the  comparison  is  misleading.  If 
the  fall  of  wool  to  an  altogether  different  level  had  been  brought  about 
by  causes  peculiar  to  itself,  it  might  be  treated  as  a  fluctuation.  But 
there  has  been  no  overproduction — if  not  only  the  supplies  from  beyond 
the  seas,  but  the  equally  important  European  clips  be  considered — and 
there  certainly  has  been  no  limitation  in  the  range  of  purposes  to  which 
wool  is  applied.  The  causes  which  have  lowered  the  value  of  wool  are 
the  same  which  have  reduced  the  xnice  of  most  large  articles  of  con- 


566 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


sumption,  and,  whatever  they  be,  their  nature  is  not  that  of  a  passing 
influence,  but  bears  a  permanent  character  which  nothing  short  of  a 
complete  revolution  in  the  whole  scale  of  values  could  change.  It  is  a 
mistake,  consequently,  to  use  a  standard  of  comparison  which  no  longer 
exists.  We  think  that  in  estimating  the  present  position  of  prices  we 
should  go  no  further  back  than  the  year  1885,  when  the  lowering  influ- 
ences of  which  we  have  spoken  may  be  said  to  have  expended  their 
force.  Considerable  fluctuations  have  taken  place  since  1885,  so  con- 
siderable as  to  probably  mark  the  extreme  of  any  likely  changes  both 
in  an  upward  and  in  a  downward  direction.  The  present  prices  are 
equidistant  from  both  the  very  low  and  the  very  high  rates  of  1886, 
and,  judged  thus,  stand  at  a  fair  average  point. 


London,  January  1890. 

A  review  of  the  past  year  leaves  an  impression  of  great  prosperity  in 
all  branches  of  the  wool  trade.  Barely  has  there  been  a  period  marked 
by  such  an  entire  absence  of  complaints,  or  in  which  the  satisfactory 
and  profitable  nature  of  the  business  has  been  so  freely  and  generally 
acknowledged.  While  to  the  grower  the  range  of  prices  has  been  such 
as  to  recall  old  times,  the  dealer  has  been  favored  by  the  continuous 
upward  tendency  of  the  market  which  in  its  turn  again  has  in  its 
advancing  steps  been  generally  so  steady,  circumspect,  and  moderate 
as  to  never  impede  the  industry.  Of  the  returning  prosperity,  visible 
in  many  commercial  pursuits,  the  wool  trade  and  all  concerned  in  it 
have  in  fact  had  a  full  share. 

It  is  satisfactory  to  record  that  there  is  not  the  usual  reverse  of  the 
medal  to  this  favorable  account,  but  that  the  condition  of  the  industry 
is  no  less  fundamentally  sound  than  its  activity  is  profitable.  The  year 
has  not  been  wanting  in  tests  on  this  point,  the  chief  one  being  the 
increased  supply  from  the  colonies  and  the  Eiver  Plate  States.  It  will 
be  remembered  that  at  both  these  sources  the  production  in  1888  had 
shown  a  considerable  surplus,  no  less  in  fact  than  192,000  bales.  1889 
brought  a  fresh  increase  of  138,000  bales,  making  330,000  bales,  or 
nearly  20  per  cent,  in  the  course  of  two  years.  With  a  less  robust 
market  the  effect  of  this  rapid  growth  would  scarcely  have  failed  to 
have  shown  itself,  but  as  a  matter  of  fact  no  feeling  of  pressure  was 
experienced  at  any  time  of  the  year,  and  instead  of  weakness  we  have 
had,  concurrent  with  increasing  supplies,  ascending  prices.  The  truth 
is,  the  industry  has  lately  grown  quite  as  fast  as  the  production,  manu- 
facturers working  to  the  full  measure  of  their  capacity  and  continually 
adding  to  their  plant.  The  creation  of  new  and  the  enlargement  of  old 
establishments  on  the  Continent  has  been  a  conspicuous  feature  of  the 
year.  It  is  still  going  on,  and  the  full  effects  of  the  demand  it  creates 
have  still  to  be  felt. 

Another  point  in  favor  of  the  soundness  of  business  is  the  very  mod- 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


567 


erate  part  played  by  speculation.  Throughout  the  year  the  situation 
never  looked  other  than  promising,  yet,  with  everything  to  stimulate 
them,  speculators  could  never  bring  themselves  to  take  any  prominent 
share  in  the  purchases,  and  the  prices  may  be  said  to  have  always  been 
determined  in  the  most  legitimate  way  by  the  bona  fide  consumer. 

In  the  November  sales  a  wrong  estimate  of  the  requirements  of  the 
industry  led  to  a  temporary  exaggerated  rise  which  as  soon  as  its 
unjustifiable  nature  was  perceived  was  lost  again.  But  the  relapse 
which  under  more  precarious  circumstances  would  certainly  have  dis- 
concerted the  market  for  some  time  had  no  lasting  effect.  Confidence 
was  nowhere  seriously  shaken,  and  the  situation  was  considered  as 
healthy  as  before.  In  whatever  way,  in  fact,  the  soundness  of  matters 
has  been  tried  the  test  has  always  returned  the  true  ring. 

The  value  of  wool  has  gradually  risen;  it  stands  row  nearly  on  a 
level  with  September,  1886 — a  period  looked  upon  as  exceptionally 
high  in  these  later  years — and  it  bears  comparison  with  former  times. 
No  special  reason  can  be  assigned  for  this  recovery  from  among  the 
circumstances  surrounding  the  article.  Neither  has  there  been  any 
new  departure  in  the  demand  nor  a  falling  off  in  the  supplies.  The 
improvement  seems  rather  the  outcome  of  an  amelioration  of  trade  in 
general.  After  long  years  of  depression  there  is  a  reaction  for  the 
better.  The  times  are  more  peaceful,  there  is  more  confidence,  and 
while  the  necessaries  of  life  remain  cheap  the  consuming  power  of  the 
masses  has  risen.  Add  to  this  the  effects  felt  and  still  to  come  of  last 
year's  good  harvests  in  this  country,  and  the  elements  for  a  prosperous 
trade  are  given.  What  is  noticeable  in  wool  is  that,  without,  as  we 
have  shown,  any  special  reasons  of  its  own,  it  has  benefited  by  the  gen- 
eral improvement  more  than  other  great  articles  of  consumption.  Its 
value,  relatively,  is  high.  This  is  worth  bearing  in  inind,  the  sound 
X>osition  of  the  article  notwithstanding. 


London,  January  <S,  1S91. 
The  past  year  has  completely  belied  the  favorable  anticipations  under 
which  it  opened,  and  its  history  is  a  record  of  disappointment  and  of 
losses  quite  exceptional  in  their  magnitude,  and  presenting  a  striking 
contrast  to  the  unbounded  prosperity  of  the  preceding  twelve  months. 
No  particular  flaw  can  be  discovered  in  the  reasoning  which  a  year  ago 
led  the  trade  generally  to  forecast  very  different  results.  On  the  most 
important  point,  viz,  the  heavy  decrease  in  the  River  Plate  clip,  the 
predictions  of  producers,  often  so  misleading,  proved  for  once  absolutely 
correct.  The  full  estimated  deficit — 100,000  bales — was  realized,  and 
not  only  was  this  the  case,  but  the  Cape  production,  too,  fell  off  by 
20,000  bales,  while  the  greater  part  of  an  increase  in  Australia  was  neu- 
tralized by  the  delay  which  the  Australian  strikes  caused  in  the 
autumn  shipments.    Nor  can  it  be  said  that  the  strength  which  the 


568 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


market  should  have  derived  from  these  circumstances  was  in  any  way 
counterbalanced  by  unexpected  adverse  circumstances  from  without. 
The  financial  crisis  appeared  too  late  in  the  year  to  affect  prices,  the 
vast  bulk  of  supplies  having  been  sold;  and  though  it  added  to  the 
depression  in  the  small  December  sales,  it  can  hardly  be  said  to  have 
caused  it.  The  effects  of  the  McKinley  bill  might  seem  more  serious? 
but  here,  too,  on  a  balance  of  facts,  it  is  doubtful  whether  much  injury 
was  done.  For  the  tariff  increased  the  American  demand  for  raw  wool, 
and  if  it  checked  the  European  export  trade  in  goods,  it  was  the  cause 
also  of  much  anticipatory  buying  for  the  United  States  during  the  sum- 
mer months.  All  remaining  general  external  influences — undisturbed 
peace,  plentiful  harvests — should  have  told  in  favor  of  a  strong,  not  a 
weak,  market. 

The  fact,  however,  is  that  the  history  of  1890,  with  its  downward 
course  of  prices  and  its  severe  losses  in  the  face  of  an  unparalleled 
decrease  in  the  supplies  and  of  generally  favorable  circumstances,  is 
intelligible  only  if  viewed  in  the  light  of  a  reaction;  a  reaction  from 
an  undue  expansion  of  trade  in  1889,  from  the  day  and  night  activity 
of  the  industry  which  absorbed  the  largely  increased  supplies  of  that 
year  not  only  without  any  lowering  of  values,  but  with  constantly  ris- 
ing prices  and  which  at  the  end  left  all  markets  absolutely  bare  of 
stocks  and  in  apparently  the  soundest  condition.  Certainly,  the  sup- 
plies had  been  well  cleared  and  there  were  never  lighter  stocks  of  wool 
than  at  the  close  of  1889;  but  at  the  cost,  as  events  have  since  shown, 
of  heavy  stocks  of  the  the  manufactured  article,  yarns  and  goods.  No 
factor  so  completely  defies  accurate  measurement  as  this  question  of 
the  stocks  of  goods,  and  it  is  natural  that  at  a  period  of  great  prosperity, 
such  as  existed  at  the  close  of  1889,  it  should  have  been  entirely  hidden 
from  the  trade.  But  facts  assert  themselves  in  the  long  run,  and  in 
the  light  of  last  year's  events  it  is  clear  that  many  more  goods  were 
manufactured  in  1889,  than  the  actual  consumption  required,  and  that 
with  the  losses  of  1890  the  trade  has  paid  the  penalty  of  this  overpro- 
duction. 

The  industrial  activity  of  last  year  has  been  on  a  more  restricted 
scale,  partly  in  consequence  of  the  1889  legacy  of  stocks  of  goods, 
partly  of  the  necessity  imposed  by  the  supply.  Goods  to  the  extent  of 
100,000  bales  Eiver  Plate  wool  have  been  manufactured  less,  and  this 
does  not  exhaust  the  case.  There  are  short  receipts  from  Russia  and 
a  heavy  falling  off  in  the  imports  of  foreign,  Mediterranean,  etc.,  low 
wools.  It  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  the  decrease  in  the  quantity 
worked  up  by  the  European  industry  is  equivalent  to  300,000  bales 
colonial  wool;  and  not  only  has  there  been  this  enormous  reduction  in 
manufacturing,  but  the  lessened  quantity  has  passed  into  consumption 
at  lower  prices.  Unquestionably  a  more  normal  state  of  things  has 
thereby  been  brought  about  and  though  the  situation  looks  nothing- 
like  so  hopeful  as  a  year  ago,  the  probability  is  that  it  is  in  reality 
much  sounder. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


569 


London,  January  9,  1892. 

The  past  year  has  been  one  of  great  difficulty  to  the  woolen  industry, 
which  has  had  to  deal  with  enormously  increased  supplies  under  most 
unfavorable  conditions.  A  heavy  surplus  in  the  colonial  and  River 
Plate  clips  was  indeed  foreseen  from  the  outset,  and  few  probably 
entertained  very  sanguine  views  as  to  what  the  year  had  in  store  for 
them.  But  it  was  hoped  that  the  general  absence  of  all  stocks  both  of 
wools  and  woolen  goods  might  prove  an  efficient  counterpoise  to  the 
increased  supplies,  and  that  with  a  consumption  stimulated  by  a  severe 
winter  the  market  might  succeed  in  maintaining  its  level.  For  the 
first  six  months  of  the  year  this  was  indeed  what  happened,  and  it  is  not 
impossible  that  the  trade  might  have  managed  to  u  pull  through  "  had 
the  industry  been  in  a  normal  and  uncranq)ed  condition.  But  such  was 
by  no  means  the  case,  and  when  therefore  in  September  the  increase 
appeared  upon  the  market  in  proportions  surpassing  the  highest  esti- 
mates, the  result  was  a  strong  fall  and  the  reduction  of  the  value  of 
wool  to  a  very  low  level. 

Put  in  round  numbers  the  augmentation  in  the  colonial  and  River 
Plate  productions  amounted  to  306,000  and  63,000  bales  respectively, 
or  to  about  18  per  cent,  an  increase,  which,  taken  in  the  aggregate,  has 
never  been  equaled  before  quantitively,  though  proportionately  it  has 
been  surpassed.  To  meet  it  the  wool  trade  should  have  had  its  activ- 
ity free  and  unfettered  in  every  direction  instead  of  being,  as  was  the 
case,  embarrassed  at  several  points  by  serious  difficulties.  Of  these 
the  most  conspicuous  and  direct  in  its  effect  was  the  American  tariff. 
Its  importance  may  be  measured  by  the  fact  that  the  exports  of  woolen 
goods  from  England  to  the  United  States  fell  from  £4,800,000  to 
£3,000,000.  We  have  not  as  yet  the  annual  statistics  from  France  and 
Germany  ;  but  if,  as  is  probable,  their  exports  show  a  proportionate 
reduction,  the  cramping  influence  of  such  a  vast  dislocation  of  trade, 
the  difficulty  and  time  required  to  find  fresh  outlets,  and  the  losses 
involved  can  readily  be  judged.  In  some  of  the  most  important  indus- 
trial centers  of  Germany  a  third  of  the  looms  were  last  summer 
reported  as  standing  still,  mainly  from  this  cause.  And  while  thus 
limiting  on  the  one  side  the  field  for  exports,  the  American  tariff  on  the 
other  stimulated  the  American  demand  for  wool,  thereby  depressing 
the  value  of  goods  and  increasing  that  of  the  raw  material  at  the  same 
time. 

Another  circumstance  with  which  the  trade  has  had  to  contend  was 
the  superabundance  of  machinery  which  under  the  influence  of  the  good 
years  1888-'89  was  set  up  on  the  continent  and  mainly  in  Germany. 
The  trade  was  familiar  with  similar  conditions  in  1873,  when  it  took 
some  years  to  adjust  the  anomaly.  The  difficulty  which  an  overgrown 
industry  creates  lies  in  the  excessive  and  artificial  competition  it  causes 
between  manufacturers,  both  in  the  buying  of  the  raw  material  and  the 
selling  of  their  goods,  artificial  in  the  sense  that  its  end  is  not  the 


570 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


natural  one  to  feed  actual  demand,  but  simply  to  employ  machinery. 
Of  course  the  raw  material  profits  by  such  a  state  of  things  and  there 
can  be  little  doubt  that,  had  it  not  existed,  the  prices  of  wool  would 
have  fallen  still  lower  than  they  did,  but  the. unsatisfactory  position  in 
which  it  places  the  manufacturer  is  obvious. 

We  will  finally  mention — last  but  not  least — the  one  cause  of  depression 
which  on  a  review  of  the  year  must  present  itself  to  all  observers;  we 
mean  the  influence  of  the  enormous  losses  which  the  large  depreciation 
of  securities  must  have  inflicted,  in  one  shape  or  another,  upon  a  large 
portion  of  the  community.  Not  enterprise  but  retrenchment  has  been 
the  order  of  the  day,  and  the  wool  trade  has  suffered  from  it  in  common 
with  all  others. 


London,  January  .9,  1893. 

In  the  history  of  the  fluctuations  of  value  the  past  year  establishes 
a  record  in  two  respects;  it  marks  the  lowest  point  to  which  Australian 
merino  wool  has  fallen,  ever  since  it  played  a  leading  part  in  the  sup- 
plies of  the  world  and — what  is  more  significant — it  is  also  the  year  of 
the  lowest  average  level  of  values  ever  known  for  colonial  wool. 
Twenty  years  ago  wool  was  about  double  the  value  of  what  it  is  at 
present,  but  it  is  not  necessary  to  go  back  so  far  for  a  comparison, 
which  would  indeed  be  misleading  as  the  general  circumstances  at  that 
time  were  different.  The  contrast  writh  quite  recent  years  is  sufficiently 
striking.  In  1891  the  average  value  of  a  bale  of  colonial  wool  was  13 
per  cent  higher  than  last  year;  in  1890  the  difference  was  23  per  cent, 
and  in  1889  very  nearly  30  per  cent.  The  weight  of  these  comparisons 
lies  in  the  fact  that  they  do  not  deal  with  temporary  and  isolated 
extremes  of  price  fluctuations,  but  are  broad  yearly  averages.  Austra- 
lian wool  has  on  several  occasions  been  for  a  short  time  nearly  as  low 
before — Cape  and  Eiver  Plate  wool  have  even  been  lower — but  there 
have  never  been  such  low  yearly  averages.  And  this  not  only  applies 
to  colonial,  but  to  Eiver  Plate,  to  English,  to  low  foreign,  in  fact  to 
almost  every  description  of  wool  produced. 

In  looking  for  the  causes  of  this  depreciation  we  will  pass  by  the  fact 
that  wool  does  not  stand  alone  on  a  low  level,  but  that  its  fate  is  shared 
by  the  majority  of  large  articles  of  consumption,  for  many  of  which  the 
year  1892  also  marks  the  lowest  ebb  in  prices.  That  is  a  circumstance 
of  which  we  will  only  say  that  it  seems  to  stamp,  not  indeed  the  depres- 
sion in  its  extreme,  but  a  generally  moderate  range  of  value  with  a 
certain  character  of  permanency.  Of  the  more  immediate  causes  of  last 
year's  very  unfavorable  results,  several,  such  as  failures  and  a  deficient 
harvest  at  home,  cholera  on  the  Continent  and  the  tariff  legislation  and 
its  present  uncertainties  in  America,  suggest  themselves  ;  but  the  truest 
and  also  plainest  explanation  lies  probably  in  the  fact  that  the  produc- 
tion of  wool  is  still  in  the  ascendant  and  that  it  forces  the  pace  of  the 
consumption  at  the  cost  of  prices.  In  every  transaction  the  bargain  is 
with  the  buyer,  and  the  seller  in  the  abundance  of  supplies  never  has 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OP  WOOL. 


571 


a  real  chance  of  permanently  asserting  himself.  There  is  indeed 
machinery  enough  and  to  spare  to  deal  with  all  supplies,  for  in  the 
keenness  of  competition  the  tendency  of  the  industry  has  been  to 
expand  in  order  to  make  up  in  a  large  turnover  for  the  smallness  of 
profits.  But  this  is  only  substituting  an  abundance  of  goods  for  an 
abundance  of  wool  and  does  not  touch  the  ultimate  demand  which  it 
seems  can  at  present  be  stimulated  only  by  lower  prices.  We  have  had 
then,  last  year,  an  industry  not  supplied  beyond  its  capacity  and  on 
the  whole  well  employed,  but  securing,  at  best,  very  moderate  and  in 
many  cases  inadequate  results,  because  constantly  working  against  a 
falling  market.  The  expectation  of  a  turn  for  the  better,  which  the 
very  low  range  of  values  naturally  keeps  alive,  off  and  on  leads  to  a 
small  rise  being  mistaken  for  a  serious  movement,  and  the  modern  prac- 
tice of  buying  from  hand  to  mouth  emphasizes  such  a  rise  for  a  time, 
the  absence  of  stocks  compelling  many  to  join  who  would  otherwise 
wait.  But  the  ground  gained  is  almost  invariably  lost  again.  This 
has  been  characteristic  of  the  market  last  year  and  indeed  for  some 
time:  A  low  range  of  prices  interrupted  occasionally  by  spasmodic 
efforts  at  a  rise,  not  resting  on  genuine  demand,  chiefly  speculative  and 
never  outlasting  in  their  integrity  a  series  or  even  half  a  series  of  sales. 

It  need  hardly  be  said  how  seriously  the  growers  in  the  colonies  are 
affected  by  the  great  depreciation  of  their  produce,  and  how  difficult  it 
must  be  for  them  to  adjust  their  costs  of  production  and  management 
to  these  low  values.  But  it  is  not  easy  to  see  what,  in  the  present  con- 
dition of  trade,  could  bring  about  an  improvement  except  one  of  two 
things — either  a  great  increase  in  the  general  spending  power  or  a 
decided  and  unmistakable  check  to  the  growth  of  production.  Of  the 
former  alternative  there  are  at  present  few  signs,  but  the  latter  is,  we 
believe,  in  sight.  There  are  indications  that  the  expanding  power  of 
the  great  centers  of  production  is  reaching  its  limits.  The  home  clips 
in  Europe  have  long  been  stationary,  and  the  same  may  now  be  said  of 
the  production  in  the  United  States.  The  Eiver  Plate  clip  rather  fluc- 
tuates than  advances,  the  average  production  of  the  past  five  years 
being  but  5  per  cent  higher  than  that  of  the  five  preceding  years.  At 
the  Cape,  too,  little  progress  has  been  made  since  1888.  But  in  Aus- 
tralia the  production,  aided  by  a  succession  of  good  seasons,  has  risen 
in  a  striking  manner,  the  increase  in  the  number  of  sheep  being  no  less 
than  50  per  cent  in  the  short  space  of  six  years;  and  it  is  here  that  a 
check  seems  to  be  impending.  The  colonies  of  Victoria  and  New  South 
Wales  are  reported  to  be  fully  stocked — in  many  cases  overstocked.  It 
is  the  same  in  such  parts  of  Queensland  as  are  used  for  sheep-growing, 
and  though  pastoral  country  in  that  colony  is  still  unoccupied,  there  is 
.  very  small  likelihood  of  its  being  taken  up  in  the  present  state  of  prices. 
With  the  increase  in  Australia  arrested,  the  production  of  wool  gener- 
ally becomes  practically  stationary,  and  as  soon  as  that  fact  is  realized, 
some  rise  in  the  present  exceptionally  low  value  of  wool  can  scarcely 
fail  to  follow. 


572 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OP  WOOL. 


London,  January  9,  1894. 

A  review  of  the  past  year  shows  on  the  whole  unsatisfactory  and  dis- 
appointing results.  The  fine- wool  industry  has  not  prospered,  nor  has 
the  year  in  its  course  brought  the  improvement  in  values  which  had 
been  more  or  less  confidently  looked  forward  to  on  many  sides,  and 
which,  it  may  truly  be  said,  would  at  no  time  have  been  more  welcome 
in  the  colonies  than  in  this  trying  period  of  financial  difficulties. 

The  year  began  under  distinctly  favorable  conditions;  prices  were  so 
low  as  to  be  practically  safe,  the  industry  was  everywhere  well  employed, 
there  were  no  stocks  either  of  the  raw  material  or  of  goods,  and,  better 
than  all,  no  prospects  of  a  serious  increase  in  the  supplies.  A  good 
forecast  was  therefore  not  without  justification,  nor  can  it  be  said  that 
subsequent  events  have  in  any  way  belied  the  assumptions  on  which  it 
rested.  The  supplies  of  the  raw  material  have  not  only  not  exceeded 
but  have  actually  fallen  short  of  those  of  1892,  and  as  for  the  industry, 
however  unsatisfactory  the  i)ecuniary  results  in  many  branches  may 
be,  its  activity  has  on  the  whole  been  well  maintained.  If,  neverthe- 
less, the  results  have  failed  to  come  up  to  expectations,  it  is  owing  to 
factors  which  were  certainly  not  apprehended  a  twelvemonth  ago, 
namely,  the  financial  disasters  which  the  year  had  in  store. 

For  the  first  four  or  five  months  the  market  took  a  course  in  accord 
with  anticipation ;  it  slowly  gained  ground  and  moved  in  fact  in  the 
right  direction.  But  with  the  advent  of  summer,  when  the  greatest 
pressure  of  supplies  which  the  colonial  sales  now  tend  to  concentrate 
upon  the  early  part  of  the  year  was  removed,  when  the  coast  seemed 
clear  and  everything  led  to  the  belief  that  matters  would  consolidate, 
the  very  reverse  took  place;  business  received  a  distinct  check,  and 
though  the  subsequent  price  fluctuations  were  not  of  a  material  kind, 
they  yet  all  tended  to  weakness. 

The  causes  for  this  are  not  far  to  seek.  We  will  cite  the  American 
crisis  first.  It  meant  to  the  wool  trade  the  almost  complete  cessation 
during  the  last  six  months  of  all  American  demand  for  both  wool  and 
woolen  goods.  The  annual  statistics  from  the  United  States  are  not 
yet  to  hand,  and  what  quantity  or  sum  this  failure  of  demand  repre- 
sented to  the  Eurepean  industry  can  not  be  given  with  accuracy.  Pos- 
sibly it  is  not  extraordinarily  large,  as  the  first  six  months  of  the  year 
were  unaffected ;  but  even  if  it  is  less  than  is  generally  imagined  there 
can  be  no  doubt  about  its  being  sufficient  to  seriously  affect  the  general 
tone  of  the  market.  The  tariff  war  between  Eussia  and  Germany,  which 
also  broke  out  in  the  summer,  worked  in  the  same  direction.  It  consid- 
erably hampered  the  German  industry  by  closing  to  it  an  important 
outlet  and  reduced  the  volume  of  its  competition  for  the  raw  material. 
And  while  the  export  demand  thus  became  contracted  and  increasing 
quantities  of  goods  were  thrown  on  the  home  markets,  the  consuming 
power  of  the  latter  was  impaired  by  labor  disputes — here  in  England, 
notably  the  coal  strike — and  by  enormous  losses  in  investments. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


573 


We  will  shortly  allude  to  two  other  circumstances  which,  each  in  its 
way,  has  had  a  hampering  influence.  The  first  is  the  disproportion 
between  the  prices  of  wool  and  of  tops.  While  wool  has  remained 
unchanged  tops  have  in  the  course  of  the  year  experienced  marked 
declines.  The  matter  is  complicated  owing  to  the  speculative  character 
of  the  top  trade  and  the  absence  of  reliable  data  as  to  stocks,  but 
there  can  be  little  question  that  the  anomaly,  however  brought  about, 
has  been  a  very  disturbing  factor  to  spinners.  The  other  point  is  the 
fashion  which  has  favored  the  coarser  classes  of  material  at  the  expense 
of  the  finer  ones.  The  manufacturers  of  the  former  have,  of  course, 
derived  advantage  from  this,  but  for  merino  wool — and  the  prepon- 
derating colonial  interest  lies  in  fine  wool — it  has  been  an  appreciable 
drawback. 

The  development  of  business  has  thus  been  impeded  by  various 
causes — some  minor  ones  appertaining  to  the  trade  itself,  but  mostly 
and  mainly  extraneous — economical  and  financial.  There  is  little 
doubt  that  but  for  them  the  year  would  have  fulfilled  its  early  promise 
and  that  some  rise  in  values  would  have  to  be  chronicled  among  its 
results. 

For  the  past  two  or  three  months  the  new  season  in  Australia  has 
been  in  full  swing  and  a  considerable  portion  of  the  clip  has  passed 
into  consumers'  hands.  The  prices  paid  have  been  the  same  low  prices 
which  have  been  ruling  here  lately,  and,  except  that  the  general  tone 
is  firm,  nothing  in  these  colonial  transactions,  nor  in  the  state  of  the 
industry  in  Europe  or  America,  shows  so  far  any  indication  of  a  clear 
turn  for  the  better. 

The  following  gives  the  highest  and  lowest  quotations  during  the 
last  eight  years  of  some  leading  descriptions  of  wool,  the  mean  points, 
and  the  value  in  pence  per  pound  as  it  stood  on  December  31 : 


DESCRIPTION. 

Highest  point. 

Lowest  point. 

Mean 
point. 

Year. 

Value. 

Year. 

Value. 

Pence. 

Pence. 

Pence. 

1889 

13 

1886 

8 

10£ 

Australian  P.  P.,  good  average  scoured  combing  

1889 

22i 

1886 

15 

18£ 

Australian  Sydney,  average  greasy  (short)  

1889 

11 

1886 

6* 

8f 

1889 

9£ 

1886 

H 

7* 

1889 

13 

1886 

8* 

10| 

Australian  crossbred,  super  greasy  (fine)  • 

1889 

15 

1886 

10 

12* 

1889 

11* 

1886 

8* 

10 

1889 

22 

1886 

14 

18 

1889 

11* 

1886 

7 

H 

Buenos  Ayres,  good  average  greasy  combing  (35  per  cent) . 

1889 

si 

1886 

5 

6| 

1889 

6| 

1886 

4 

5§ 

1886 

9* 

1886 

8* 

Donskoi,  average  white  carding  

1886 

8£ 

1892 

6* 

7* 

East  India,  Pac  Pathan  yellow  

1889 

8* 

1886 

6i 

1889 

14* 

1892 

8| 

hi 

1889 

26 

1886 

11 

18* 

1889 

21 

1892 

12 

16* 

574 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


DESCRIPTION. 

Value  on  December  31 — 

1893 

1892 

1891 



1890 

1889 

1888 

1887 

1886 

Pence. 

Pence. 

Pence. 

Pence. 

Pence. 

Pence. 

Pence. 

Pence. 

A n a trali an  P.P.  good  average  greasy  

&k 

8| 

9 

10 

12 

m 

10 

10 

Australian  P.  P.,  good  average  scoured 

15£ 

15i 

iGi 

18 

21 

19 

18 

18 

Australian  Sydney,  average  greasy  (short) . 

7 

7 

8| 

10 

8| 

8 

8 

5| 

6 

?i 

9 

7* 

H 

®k 

Australian  New  Zealand,  super  greasy  .... 

Si 

9 

9 

n 

11* 

u 

101 

Australian  crossbred,  super  greasy  (fine)  . 

HI 

12 

12* 

13 

14* 

124 

m 

•  12 

Australian    crossbred,   average  greasy 

9| 

n 

9t 

10 

11 

9* 

Cape,  Eastern,  extra  super  snow  white  

15* 

1  Go 

18 

21 

17* 

17A 

18 

n 

7| 

8 

i§ 

11 

9 

8* 

H 

Buenos  Ayres,  good  average  greasy  comb- 

ing (35  per  cent)  

§t 

5| 

6 

7 

8i 

7i 

H 

7 

Buenos  Ayres,  average  greasy  (30  per 

*§ 

*S 

5 

5| 

6| 

6 

5i 

r.n 

Peru,  middling  

7 

71 

8A 

°2 

8 

8 

8 

7 

6| 

7 

74 

7* 

7 

7 

8* 

6| 

7 

7* 

8^ 

»i 

8 

74 

6| 

10| 

9| 

ioi 

14 

10| 

10i 

Hi 

Alpaca,  Islay  super  fleece  

1# 

l*t 

15 

22 

Hi 

12| 

12| 

Mohair,  Turkish,  fair  average  

15| 

14£ 

12| 

14 

19 

12| 

13* 

14 

Importation  of  Colonial  Wool  into  Europe  and  America  from  1860  to  1893 
with  approximate  average  value  per  bale,  (a) 

IMPORTS  PER  SEASON. 


Australa- 
sian bales. 


187,  000 
212,  000 
227,  000 
242,  000 
302,  000 
334,  000 
351, 000 
414,  000 
483,  000 
504,  000 
546,  000 
573, 000 
554, 000 
571,  000 
659, 000 
720,  000 
769,  000 
835,  000 
801, 000 
826, 000 
869,  000 


Cape 
bales. 


79,  000 
84,  000 
82,  000 
94, 000 
113,  000 
109,  000 
128, 000 
135,  000 
156,  000 
153,  000 
152, 000 
186, 000 
189,  000 
176,  000 
170, 000 
197,  000 
167, 000 
186,  000 
169,  000 
189, 000 
219, 000 


Total 
colonial 
bales. 


266,  000 
296,  000 
309,  000 
336,  000 
415,  000 
443,  000 
479,  000 
549,  000 
639,  000 
657,  000 
698, 000 
759,  000 
743,  000 
747, 000 
829,  000 
917,000 
936,  000 
1,  021,  000 
970,  000 
1,  015,  000 
1,  088,  000 


20i 

g>  Helmuth,  Schwartze  &  Co.,  wool 


Average 
value  per 
bale. 


25| 
23i 
22| 
22| 
24| 
23| 
21* 
20| 
18* 
15| 
16! 
20* 
26i 
24i 
231 
22i 
18! 
18! 


Total  value. 


6,  850, 000 
6, 882,  000 

7,  030,  000 
7,  644,  000 

10,  271,  000 

10,  521,  000 

11,  735,  000 
11,  392, 000 
11,  822,  000 

10,  348, 000 

11,  691,  000 

15,  560, 000 
19,  690,  000 
18, 115, 000 
19, 274, 000 
20, 403,  000 
17,  550,  000 
19, 144,  000 
18, 187, 000 

16,  748,  000 
22, 032,  000 

brokers. 


£7,000,000  period. 


£11,000,000  period. 


Tear  of  transition. 


►  £20,000,000  period, 


WOOL  IN  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM,  1892. 


Foreign  and  Colonial  Wools  Imported,  743, 046, 104  Lbs. 


Foreign  and  Colonial  Wools  Exported,  430,828,993  Lbs. 


Foreign  and  Colonial  Wools  Retained  for  Consumption, 
312,217,111  Lbs. 


Domestic  Clip,  153,000,000  Lbs. 


Exports  of 
Domestic 
Wool, 
17,928,100  Lbs 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


575 


Importation  of  Colonial  Wool  into  Europe  and  America  from  1860  To  1893 

WITH  APPROXIMATE  AVERAGE  VALUE  PER  BALE  (a) —Continued. 
IMPORTS  PER  SEASON— Continued. 


A  ustrala- 
sian  bales. 

Cape 
bales. 

Total 

o  a!  f\t  \  "5  *i  1 

bales. 

Average 

\  til  lit?  p~J 

bale. 

JLULct/l  \  olIU.. 



£ 

M 

1881  

957,  000 

204,  000 

1,161,000 

17£ 

20,  027,  000 

1S82  

993,  000 

197,  000 

1,  190.  000 

17i 

20,825,000 

1883  

1,054.  COO 

199,  000 

1,  253,  000 

16| 

20,  988,  000 

1884  

1, 112,  000 

191,  000 

1,  303,  000 

16 

20,  848,  000 

£20,000,000  period. 

1885  

1,  094,  000 

188,  000 

1,  282,  000 

14 

17,  948,  000 

1886  

1, 196,  000 

236,  000 

1.  432,  000 

1H 

19,  332,  000 

1887  

1,207,  000 

237,  000 

1,  444,  000 

14 

20,  216,  000 

1888  

1,  315,  000 

289, 000 

1,  604,  000 

lag 

21,  654,  000 

1889  

1,  385,  000 

310,  000 

1,695,000 

15|r 

26,  272,  000 

1890  

1,  411,  000 

288, 000 

1,  699,  000 

14| 

25,  060,  000 

1891  

1,  683,  000 

322,  000 

2,  005,  000 

27,  067,  000 

►  £26,000,000  period. 

1892  

1,  835,  000 

291, 000 

2, 126,  000 

12 

25,  512,  000 

1893  

1,  775,  000 

299, 000 

2,  074,  000 

25,  925,  000 

a  Helinnth  Schwartze  &  Co.,  wool  brokers. 

Import  Prices,  United  Kingdom. 


1878  

1879  -  

1880  

1881  

1882  

1883  

1884  

1885  

1886  

1887  

1888  

1889  

1890  

1891  

1892  

Decrease,  per  cent 


Goats' 
hair  or 
wool. 


d. 

25. 59 
17.  72 
21.  83 
17.79 
20. 41 
18. 89 
18.45 
15.91 
14.06 
10.90 
10.22 
11.  37 
10. 53 
10.  83 
10. 79 


57.8 


Sheep,  lamb, 
alpaca,  and 
the  Llama 
tribe. 


Woolen  rags. 


d.  the  pound.  \ 
13.90  ' 
13.  56  j 
13.66  | 
13.87  | 
12.27  j 
12.08  ' 
12.  09 
10.  05 
9.  08 
10.15 
9.  77 
9.  80 
10.  30 
9.36 
8.  74 


37.1 


.  the  ton. 
22.  83 
19.82 
19.88 
21.  60 
21.88 
21. 17 
21.  87 
20.  89 
20. 91 
20.97 

20.  80 

21.  36 
20.  67 
20.  78 
19.  89 


12.9 


Woolen  and 
worsted  yarn, 
Berlin  wool, 
and  yarn  for 
fancy 
purposes. 


d.  the  pound. 
40.  70 
45.  37 
40.  87 
42.  32 

42.  53 

43.  04 
43.95 
42.  33 

44.  58 
43. 18 
42. 10 
42.  27 
42.  64 
43.03 
40.  80 


Yarn  for 
weaving. 


.  the  pound. 
28.89 
29. 54 

28.  98 
29. 48 

29.  89 
30. 18 
30. 13 
29. 10 
28.  73 
28.  43 
27. 12 
27.  77 
27.19 
26.  65 
26. 50 


8.2 


576 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Export  Prices,  United  Kingdom. 


a  EARS. 

Wool, 
sheep  and 
lamb. 

Woolen 
and  worsted 
yarns. 

oioxno,  etc. 

Flannels. 

Stuffs,  etc. 

Carpets, 
etc. 

Yarn, 
alpaca,  and 
mohair, 
hair  or 
wool. 

d.thepound. 

d.thepound. 

d.the  yard. 

d.  the  yard. 

d.  the  yard, 

d.  the  yard, 

d.thepound. 

1878  

19. 

87 

30. 

07 

34. 53 

11. 

60 

9 

28 

30.  44 

1879  

14. 

39 

26. 

71 

31,89 

11. 

11 

8. 

90 

28.83 

1880  

16. 

57 

30. 

33 

32. 34 

11. 

13 

9. 
9 

15 

29  1  fi 

1881  

15. 

26 

26. 

04 

32.  55 

10 

37 

04 
65 

28. 

78 

1882  

15. 

20 

25. 

62 

34. 18 

10 

34 

9 

28. 

14 

25.45 

1883  

12. 

71 

23. 

41 

38.  30 

10. 

41 

9 

94 

28. 

24 

23.  41 

1884  

10. 

94 

23. 

78 

41.  42 

10. 

15 

9 

64 

26. 

16 

24.  82 

1885  

9. 

55 

24. 

19 

40.  23 

9. 

47 

9. 

35 

25. 

74 

23.  58 

1886  

10. 

07 

23. 

19 

39.  56 

9. 

18 

9 

25 

25. 

41 

23.  04 

1887  

11. 

25 

23. 

73 

40.  04 

9. 

14 

8. 

87 

24. 

26 

21.  29 

1888  

10. 

34 

22. 

81 

39. 56 

8. 

28 

8 

63 

24. 

76 

20.42 

1889  

10. 

70 

22. 

97 

40.  55 

8 

73 

8 

82 

25. 

24 

21.  21 

1890  

a9. 

91 

23. 

87 

(b) 

8. 

76 

m 

24. 

1*2 

21.75 

1891  

10. 

11 

22. 

6.3 

(b) 

8. 

54 

(b) 

24. 

84 

20.06 

1892  

9. 13 

21. 

74 

(b) 

8 

47 

(b) 

24. 

50 

19.  91 

a  The  classification  of  wool  was  slightly  altered  in  1890. 
b  See  next  table. 


ARTICLE. 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Woolen  tissues — 

d.  the  yard. 

d.  the  yard. 

d.  the  yard. 

58. 25 

55.99 

55. 43 

23.  53 

23.  03 

23.15 

Heavy,  narrow,  all  wool  

35.78 

37.  04 

38. 16 

19.  61 

19. 17 

19. 61 

Light,  broad,  all  wool  

32.  28 

32.  08 

31.  38 

mixed   

14.48 

14.  50 

14.81 

16. 93 

17.32 

17.82 

mixed  

8.  72 

8. 18 

8.90 

Worsted  tissues — 

52.62 

49.  70 

43.83 

36. 12 

34.  31 

32.  40 

30.31 

31.  24 

29.  81 

Worsted  stuffs— 

All  wool  

10.  67 

11.72 

11.  67 

8.  45 

8. 20 

8.  29 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  577 
Prices  of  Lincoln  wool,  half  hog,  from  1812. 


[Bradford  Observer.] 


Tear. 

Price. 

Tear. 

Price. 

Tear. 

Price. 

Tear. 

Price. 

Tear. 

Price. 

Tear. 

Price. 

Pence. 

Pence. 

Pence. 

Pence. 

Pence. 

Pence. 

1812.... 

12* 

1826... 

13 

1840... 

14 

1854... 

15* 

1868... 

17* 

1881.  . . 

121 

1813.... 

14 

1827... 

11* 

1841... 

14* 

1855... 

13 

1869... 

18* 

1882... 

Hi 

1814.... 

19 

1828... 

11 

1842... 

11 

1856... 

16 

1870... 

16f 

1883... 

10 

1815.... 

22 

1829... 

10 

1843... 

10 

1857... 

20i 

1871... 

21f 

1S84... 

10 

1816.... 

16 

1830... 

9  ' 

1844... 

11 

1858... 

15| 

1872. .. 

25§ 

1885... 

1817.... 

15 

1831... 

12 

1845. .. 

13 

1859... 

18| 

1873... 

24i 

1886... 

10 

1818.... 

22 

1832... 

13 

1846... 

13 

1860... 

1874... 

20| 

1887... 

10* 

1819  

16* 

1833 

14 

1847. 

12 

1861. 

1875. 

iqs 

1888. 

10? 

1820.... 

16i 

1834... 

15i 

1848... 

11 

1862... 

20*; 

1876... 

17| 

1889... 

11 

1821.... 

14 

1835... 

15* 

1849... 

10 

1863... 

22| 

1877... 

16* 

1890... 

11 

1822. . . . 

12 

1836... 

16 

1850... 

11 

1864... 

m 

1878... 

15 

1891... 

1823.... 

Hi 

1837... 

13* 

1851... 

12* 

1865... 

25| 

.1879... 

1892... 

% 

1824. . . . 

12 

1838... 

14 

1852... 

log- 

1866... 

23  * 

1880... 

15* 

1893... 

ioi 

1825. . . . 

1839... 

17 

1853... 

16 

1867... 

m 

Prices  of  alpaca  and  mohair,  from  1856. 

[Bradford  Observer.] 


DATE. 

Average  price 
of  alpaca. 
(Arequipa). 

Highest  and 
lowest  prices 
of  mohair. 

DATE. 

Average  price 
of  alpaca 
(Arequipa). 

Highest  and 
lowest  prices 
of  mohair. 

Tear. 

Month. 

Tear. 

Month. 

s. 

.  d.  s. 

d. 

s. 

d.  s. 

d. 

s.    d.  s. 

d. 

«!    d.    s.  d. 

1856. . . . 

Nov  

2 

6  to  2 

9 

2 

0to2 

2 

1872... 

Jan  

2 

11 

3  9 

Dec  . . . 

2 

9  2 

10 

2 

2  2 

4 

July.... 

2 

6 

3  5 

1857.... 

Feb 

June  

2 
3 

9  2 
0  3 

10 

3 

(  2 

4  2 

6 

1873*. 

Jan  

July.... 

2 
2 

9 

3  4 
3  0 

Dec   

3 

0  3 

1^ 

2 

7  2 

9 

1874... 

Jan  

2 

9 

2  11 

1858  . , . 

2 

3 

o 

6  3 

0 

July  

Jan  

2 

11 

3  9 

2 

3 

3 

0 

1875... 

2 

9 
8 

3  5 

1860. ... 

2 

3 

3 

2 

July.... 
Jan  

2 

3  10 

1861.... 

2 

3 

3 

2 

1876... 

2 

6 

3  7 

1862.... 

Jan  

2 

6 

3 

3 

1877 

2   2i  to  2 

4* 

2-9   2-11  2-6 

July .... 

2 

<M 

3 

0 

1878 

1    3i  1 

2     6  to  2  9 

1863..-. 

Jan  

3 

4 

3 

9 

1879 

14  1 

7 

£       20  21 
'(       18     2  3 

July.... 

2 

6 

3 

4 

1864.... 

2 

7 

3 

3 

c  2     3     2  11 

1880 

13 

1865.... 

2 

10 

2 

11 

cdown  to  1  9 

1866. . . . 

Jan  

3 

4 

3 

8 
8 

1881 

15 

17 

21  19 

July.... 

3 

4 

3 

1882. .. 

13 

15 

19  22* 

1867.... 

Jan  

3 

4 

3 

9 

1883 

15* 
14 

17 

20  21i 

18*  22i 

Aug...£ 

1884 

ie* 

2 

8 

2 

9 

Sept  ...5 

1885 

12* 

14* 

14  19 

1868.... 

Jan  

2 

4 

2 

5 

1886 

11 

14 

Hi  16 
12*  14i 

July  

3 

0 

3 

2 

1887 

11 

13* 

1869.... 

Jan  

2 

5  2 

7 

3 

7 

1888. . . 

10 

Hi 
24 

12  14 

July  

2 

4  2 

5 

3 

8 

1889  . . 

io| 

12i  21 

1870..-. 

2 

4 

3 

10  3 

11 

1890... 

22 

14* 
12i 

18  13i 

July  

Jan  

2 

8 

4 

1 

1891  . 

14| 

14  12 

1871.... 

2 

8 

3 

3 

1892 

11* 

13* 

15* 
16* 

12  14i 
12  18* 

June  

2 

9* 

3 

6 

1893 

H.  Mis.  94  37 


578 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Quantities  of  Wool  (Sheep,  Lamb,  and  Alpaca)  Imported  into  the  United 
Kingdom,  by  Countries,  1844  to  1860. 

[From  McCullough's  Commercial  Dictionary.] 


Years. 

Spain. 

Germany, 

V  x/jy  UXv^JOl 

lenburg, 
Hanover, 
Oldenburg, 
and  Hanse 
Towns. 

Other 
countries  of 

British  Pos- 

y  (icui  Mil  Q  1T\ 
ol/oolUlJ?5  111 

South  Af- 
rica. 

British  Pos- 
sessions  m 
the  East 
Indies. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

yio,  OOO 

Ol     O  4 <7    dO A 

Zl,  o4/,  0©4 

lo,  old,  08 1 

O    "1  AT    1  A  O 

Z,  197,  14o 

2,  765,  853 

1,  0/4,  040 

1Q   AQA  7Qfi 

lo,  4o4,  /oO 

1  / ,  000,  OIO 

o,  olz,  9Z4 

o, y /5, COD 

1   fiOfi  Ana 
1,  OZU,  4/0 

1 K    OOQ  TAC 

10,  ooo,  /00 

11,  7oo,  001 

O    AC  O    A  an 

Z,  958,  457 

4,  570,  581 

4Z4,  40o 

19   fi.7Q    Q1  A 
1Z,  O/o,  <514 

T    Ar>C  CAT 

/,  yoo,  097 

o  Ann  oao 
o,  477,  oyZ 

O    ACO    "1  A  O 

o,  Ooo,  14Z 

100,  OOO 

1  A    AOCi  1  f?1 
14,  4^y,  101 

T    AO,<  AAQ 

/,  UZ4,  USJo 

O,  49/,  ZOO 

C    AAT  /IOO 

o,  90 /,  4oo 

197  KKCk 
161 ,  000 

19  Tf^A  All 
1Z,  /OO,  Oil 

11  AIO 

11,  4oZ,  004 

5,  377,  495 

,4,  loZ,  OOO 

44U,  /0/ 

Q  1  fifi  7Q1 
y,  100,  /Ol 

Q    7AQ  OKO 

o,  /Uo,  ZOZ 

c    TAA  Fi9A 

o,  /uy,  ozy 

O    AHO  0£0 

o,  4/o,  Z0Z 

383, 150 

Q   0 1  n  OQC 

o,  Ziy,  ZOO 

1  /4    OC9    1  Kd 

14,  ZOo,  100 

K    QIC  £A1 

o,  olo,  oyl 

4,  549,  520 

1852  

233,  413 

12, 765,  253 

13,  382, 140 

6,  388, 796 

7,  880,  784 

154, 146 

11    (^Q/<  QAA 
11,  0o4,  oUU 

Oft.  Qft1    1  dd 
ZO,  oOl,  100 

n    OOl  AAQ 

/ ,  ZZ1,  44o 

in    iaa  OCA 

iz,  4ou,  ooy 

1854  

424,  300 

11,  448,  518 

14,  481,  483 

8,  223,  598 

14,  965, 191 

68,  750 

6, 128,  626 

8, 119, 408 

11,  075,  965 

14,  283,  535 

55,  090 

8,  687,  781 

14,  480,  869 

14,  305, 188 

15,  386,  578 

1857   .... 

397,  238 

6,  088,  002 

23,  802,  520 

14,  287,  828 

19,  370, 741 

1858  

110,  510 

10, 595, 186 

17, 926,  859 

16,  597,  504 

17,  333,  507 

1859  

153,  874 

19,  820,  557 

18,  659,  275 

14,  269,  343 

14,  363,  403 

1860  

1,  000,  227 

18, 438,  488 

17,  454,  604 

16,  574,  345 

20, 214, 173 

Years. 


1844. 
1845. 
1846. 
1847. 
1848. 
1849. 
1850. 
1851. 
1852. 
1853. 
1854. 
1855. 
1856. 
1857. 
1858. 
1859. 
1860. 


British 
settlements 
in  Austra- 
lia. 

South 
America. 

Other 
countries. 

Total. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

17,  602,  247 

3,  760,  063 

1,  308,  831 

65, 713,  761 

.  24,177,317 

6,  468,  338 

1,  513,  619 

76,  813,  855 

21,  789,  346 

4,  890,  273 

2,  404,  023 

65,  255, 462 

.  26,056,815 

7,  295,  550 

1,  665,  780 

62,  592,  598 

.  30,034,567 

8,  851,211 

924,  487 

70,  864,  847 

35,  879, 171 

6,  014,  525 

1,  004,  679 

76,  768,  647 

39.  018,  221 

5,  296,  648 

2,  518,  394 

74,  326,  778 

41,  810, 117 

4,  850,  048 

3,  420, 157 

83,  311,  975 

43, 197,  301 

6,  252,  689 

3,  661,  082 

93,  761,  453 

47,  076,  010 

9,  740,  032 

4,  357,  978 

119,  396, 449 

47,  489,  650 

6, 134,  334 

2,  954,  921 

106, 121,  995 

49, 142,  306 

7, 106,  708 

3,  375, 148 

99,  300,  446 

.  52,052,139 

8,  076, 317 

3, 167, 430 

116,  211, 392 

.  49,209,655 

9,  306,  886 

7,  287,  028 

129, 749, 898 

.  51,104,560 

10,  046,  381 

3, 024,  216 

126,  738,  723 

53,  700, 481 

9,  711, 172 

2,  606,  531 

133, 284,  634 

.  59,165,939 

8,  890, 940 

6,  657,  861 

148,  396,  577 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL 


579 


Quantities,  by  Countries,  and  Total  Values,  of  Wool  Imported  into  the 
United  Kingdom,  and  the  Total  Quantities  of  Foreign  Wool  Exported 
and  of  the  net  imports  from  1861  to  1892. 

[The  wool  included  in  this  table  is  that  of  the  sheep,  lamb,  alpaca,  and  the  llama  tribe.    One  pound 

sterling  equals  $4.8665.] 


IMPORTED  FROM— 


Russia. 

Ger- 
many. 

France. 

Holland 

and 
Belgium* 

Turkey  in 
Europe 
and  Asia. 

Egypt. 

British 
posses- 
sions in 
South 
Africa. 

British 
East 
Indies. 

Pounds. 

JrOUTldS . 

1  ounds. 

J.  oinids. 

1  0  HIlClS . 

/  OK  HAt S. 

JrOU7ldS . 

lround8. 

on  70n  oo \ 
zu,  <yu,  uu4 

"XA   770  971 
o4,  i  <U,  Z<  I 

ton  QOQ 

ZO,  OoU,  ooo 
Q9  3^9  709 

0<i,  OOZ,  <OZ 

Zi,  OZy,  o44 
ol,  £UO,  loU 

17  988  080 
1  /  ,  Zoo,  UOO 

IK  ^ r;^  7i/| 

i 7  oqo  Q03 
i  / ,  uyu,  ooo 

10  30=,  701 

io,  ouj,  <  u* 

1  ^  381  831 
10.  DO  JL,  Ool 

3  017  OQ'^ 
o,  Ol  / ,  vo  > 

Q  rrro  -inn 
O,  /  OO,  10U 

8  SOI    1 09 
o,  oul,  lOi 

Q  7^  oi  D 

18  07fi  980 
IO,  O  /  O,  ZOO 

18  030  880 
j  o,  oou,  oou 

90  Ififi  017 
<iU,  lOO,  Ol  / 

10  880  80 r> 
-LO,  OOU,  OUO 

90  990  093 

90  91Q  000 
40,  uuu 

3fi  190  7^0 

OU,  JL4U,  /  OU 

35  QQ3  579 
oo,  ooo,  o  i  ^ 

31  307  882 

Orr,  OU  1  ,  OOi 

32  785  271 

Q79  7^5 

10  101  C\C\i 

iy,  loi,  uui 

17  Or»Q  AC\A 

1 1 ,  ooy, 4U4 

90  070  111 
ZU,  O / U,  111 

9fl  19^  3f;s: 
»^o,  OOO 

17  lO^i  017 
J.  1 ,  1UO,  Ol  / 

95  070  QOQ 
40,  u  /  y,  yoy 

1 5  931  090 

J-O,  40'±,  U<SU 

17  009  119 
-L  / ,  UU4,  44Z 

18  7Q0  57Q 
J.O,  i  yu,  Ota 

11  113  118 

18  917  0/18 

y,  i  oo.  oiu 

7  loo  QAC\ 
I ,  loo,  o4U 

11    J 09  JQO 
11,  4UZ,  4oU 

4  197  777 

^  81 1  09'} 

o,  oiJ ,  yzo 

7  308  809 
< ,  oUo,  OUZ 

1   IO?;  8Qrr 

^tuo,  ouy 

8  1 39  190 



fi  fi03  fi£Q 

A  800  lr>fi 

16. 322  73  J 

7  018  fi77 

19  793  0^0 

J.4,  1  <iO,  UOU 

5  75Q  009 

O,    1  OO,  UUiJ 

^  240  01  fi 

Uj  L,rk\J^  U1U 

3  693  4  07 

11  038  111 

J-l,  UOO,  J-Ttt- 

5  015  370 

O,  UiO,  O  1  a 

35,  619,  568 

18  1Q3  800 

J-O,  ^frOO,  ouu 

11  108  503 

J-l,  i  UO,  OUO 

O  9Q1  098 

1  557  165 

2  240  858 

8,  234,  491 

OOO,  u^t) 

42  057  187 

19,  362,  908 

11  Q30  1^1 

11,  you,  4oi 

7  163  005 

9   9Q1    17 A 

5  036  972 

1  809  i8fi 

1  Q00  079 

42  232,  672 

19  197  531 

1  ^  Oftj.  fill 

1  518  900 

3  915  254 

5  561  091 

9  pi"-  7fiQ 

4,  £rk  t  ,  i  UO 

44, 112,  213 

22  819  98Q 
4*jj  oxy,  4oy 

io  qiQ  if;i 

Q  371  n;49 

1  675  5*>7 

6  060  206 

6  959, 146 

3  569  808 

42, 158,  317 

91  4^3  817 

19  Q90  018 

JLii,  i76u,  UOO 

Q  ^17  4r>0 

9  qrje;  810 

4  305  246 

7,  213,  624 

4,  438, 143 

41,  607,  778 

21   r^fifi  074. 

O,  UijU,  <  ou 

2  054  159 

4  970  063 

11,  245,  867 

ooo,  ooo 

40,  955,  948 

27  039  795 

1 ^  091  Q9Q 
jlo,  y.-it,  o^y 

o,  oou,  uvo 

6  345  "SOI 

VJ,  fj7tM?  0\J  L 

6  436  515 

2  725  596 

45  926  294 

22  20*> 

20,  082,  340 

7, 173,  932 

9,  057,  016 

7,  838,  971 

12,  431,  611 

2,  817,  342 

51,  385,  839 

29, 135,  049 

15,794,  697 

2,  263,  651 

3,  Oil,  134 

5, 133,  227 

6,  718,  782 

1,  986,  796 

49,  530,  875 

22,  215,  223 

17,  537,  760 

2,  727, 703 

4,  830,  383 

5, 919,  727 

9,  399,  575 

1,  486,  819 

53,  876, 065 

26,  923,  704 

28, 148, 121 

4,  335,  436 

5,  337,  996 

5,  716,132 

8,  689,  970 

2,  698,  842 

48, 870,  981 

24,  822, 130 

22,  099,  967 

1,  690,  331 

5,  585,  672 

4,  664,  701 

10,  377,  542 

2,  087,  369 

51,  334,  652 

24,  799,  268 

29,  649,  386 

1,  886,  954 

7,  621,  322 

5,  268,  013 

11, 112,  489 

2,  375,  614 

47,  013,  467 

25,  697, 174 

29,  721,  582 

3,  287,  788 

11,  464, 460 

6, 196,  977 

17,  965,  ]24 

3,  838,  228 

61,  257,  406 

34,  596,  693 

27, 754, 188 

3,  766,  550 

10,  234,  513 

5,  778, 891 

20, 130,  920 

5, 174, 973 

65,  312, 497 

33,  783,  574 

24,  626,  644 

3,  887,  736 

14,  098,  202 

5,  953,  845 

17,  700,  718 

3,  601, 420 

83,  647, 956 

34,  438,  026 

44,  242,  452 

5, 190,  082 

24,  531,  311 

14, 105, 482 

21,  312, 123 

3, 456,  350 

90, 189, 138 

35,  598,  921 

24,  785,  500 

6,  733,  552 

10,  873,  788 

6,  697,  46o" 

17,458,  657 

2,  298,  243 

87,  221, 926 

34,  238,  586 

38,  382, 854 

4,  751, 067 

12,  270,  828 

6,  013,  549 

17,  817,  973 

1, 515,  298 

96,  662,  069 

36,  503,  864 

24,  403, 157 

5,  570,  720 

17,  060,  677 

6,  298,  436 

22,  774,  764 

1,570,915 

82,  071, 288 

37,  608,  257 

580  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Quantities  of  Wool,  by  Countries,  with  their  Total  Values,  etc. — Continued. 


YEARS. 

IMPORTED  FROM 

TOTAL IMFORTED. 

Total  ex- 
ported 
(foreign 
and  co  lo- 
nial) . 

Net  im- 
ports. 

Australasia. 

South 
America. 

All   r»+Vi  or 

countries. 

Quantities. 

Values. 

Pounds. 

P o  wiids . 

Pownds. 

a  OUTldS. 

& 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

18G1  

cq   Kftft  999 
OO,  DUD,  ZZZ 

19  3M  777 
1Z,  OOl,  4  4  4 

4,  069,  565 

1/17  179  811 
14  4 ,  1  4  Z,  oil 

O  717  fiSft 

y,  « i  / ,  ooo 

54,  377, 104 

92,  795,  737 

1862  

71    3QQ  G/19 

/ 1,  ooy,  o4Z 

19  OO/l   01  P» 
1Z,  004,  yio 

7,  518,  974 

171  013  179 
14  4,  y4o,  4/  ii 

1 1   773  013 
LI,  i  lo,  y4>> 

48,  076,  499 

123,866,  973 

1863  

77  173  AAR 
1  4 ,  1  4o,  440 

18  918  181 
lo,  Z40,  lol 

6,  787,  309 

177  377  ftftl 

14  4,  04  4  ,  004 

1 1    881  ^79 
11, O04, OlZ 

63,  932,  929 

113,  444,  735 

1864  

QQ  037  A  S.Q 

yy, Uo i , 4oy 

1 0  309  039 

5,  718, 122 

900  473  Oi^ 

iiUU,  4(0,  UiO 

1 K  ^03  183 
IO,  OUO,  40o 

55,  933,  739 

150,  539,  306 

1865  

TOO  731  9ft1 

iuy,  /  o4,  zo  l 

1  7  807  8^3 

1 4 ,  OO 1  ,  OOO 

3,  610,  209 

919   90ft  717 
£X£,  iuU,  4  "±  4 

11  030  4  30 
14,  tlOU,  4oU 

82,  444,  930 

129,  761,  817 

1806  

113  773  (\QA 
llo,  / 4 o, 094 

91    "*  ^9  977 
Z  1 ,  i  •>_ ,  Z  1  1 

6,  893,  089 

90Q   V\9,  08Q 

.soy,  ooo,  u©y 

17  ^ri0  871 
1 4 ,  OOU,  O  4 1 

66,  573,  488 

172,  785,  201 

1867  

133  10ft  17ft 
loo,  1UO,  1  i  O 

91    ^81  981 
Zl,  ool ,  ZOI 

6,  366,  494 

933  703  18  1 
^SOO,  4  WO,  lol 

1ft  1 78  031 
10,  1  4  O,  Uo4 

90,  832,  584 

142,  870,  600 

1868  

1  ^  71^  AOQ 
100,  4  40,  4yy 

15  025  719 

6, 109,  286 

9K9  711  iF,r; 
wO~,  4  ^rt,  lOO 

1^  190  1Q8 
IO,  jllAj.  4.'0 

105,  070,  311 

147,  673,  844 

1869  

1  ^8   177  QftO 
J  00,  444,  you 

1ft  117  O'M 

i.o,  Hi,  yoi 

5,  561,  652 

9^8  Ifil  OQQ 
ZOO,  401,  ooy 

1 4   ftOft  71ft 
i+,  oyo,  4  40 

116,  608,  305 

141,  853,  384 

1870  

17^  081  /197 
14  0,  UOl,  4Z4 

1 9  ftQ3  777 

iz,  oyo,  1 1 1 

7,  835,  275 

903  9^0  1QQ 

zoo,  zoo,  4yy 

i  k  qi  9  f;ob 
1  0,  OlZ,  ooo 

92,  542,  384 

170,  708, 115 

1871  

189  710  f\07 
lOZ,  4  1U,  OO  4 

1 O   99Q  (Oft 

iy,  zzy,  iuo 

11,  616, 136 

393  030  9QQ 
o^o,  uou,  zyy 

17  090  03Q 

1 4 ,  yzo,  ooy 

134,  866,  304 

188, 169, 995 

173  901  719 

1  4  O,  ZU1,  4  1Z 

99  Q18  808 

zz,  yio,  ooo 

12, 115,  992 

30fi  37Q  Oft  1 
ouu,  o/y,  uoi 

1 8  ^93  3^0 

10,  OiiO,  OOU 

137,  511,  247 

168.  868,  417 

1873  

180  ftftl  Qlfi 
lOO,  004,  y40 

91    0Q0  9ft9 

zi,  uyy,  jOj 

12,  7(58,  448 

318  030  77Q 
OXO,  UOU,  4  4  y 

10  1=141  078 
iy,  041,  o  t  o 

123,  246, 172 

194,790,  607 

1874  

99fi  383  ft31 
ZZO,  OOi),  Ool 

1/1    878  018 
14,  o4o,  yio 

9,  723,  696 

314  470  807 
044,  4  4  U,  oy  4 

91    1 1 0  1 81 
Zl,  1  IO,  104 

144,  294,  663 

200, 176,  234 

1875  

938  ft31    71  ft 
Zoo,  Ool,  4 10 

11   Q^l  397 
11,  yo4,  OZ  1 

11,  867,  306 

3*1^  00^  ^78 
OUO,  UUO,  O  4  o 

93  137  113 
Zo^4o  4 ,  41o 

172,  075,  439 

192, 990, 139 

1876  

9ft3  80Q  1 ^7 

zoo,  ooy,  io  i 

1  1  f*13 

11,  O4o,  OOi> 

8,  446,  222 

3Q0  O^^  7^0 

93  037  80Q 

zo,  oo  4 ,  ouy 

173,  020,  372 

217, 035,  387 

1877  

981   917  1Q0 

zoi,  Z4 1 ,  iyu 

if;  qf;9  qoi 

lo,  OO  — ,  OUJ. 

9,  425, 544 

40Q  Q4Q  1 Q8 
4uo,  jia,  iao 

91  Pift7  31'"> 
Zi4,  oU  1  ,  O  1  — 

187,  418,  627 

222, 530,  571 

1878  

97ft  179  1Q3 
Z/0,  1  4Z,  iyo 

1 1   9^Q  7?;i 

ii,  zoy,  1 04 

9,  974,  632 

3QQ  41Q  43?; 

oyy,  44y,  4oo 

93  198  931 
Zo,  IZo,  Zo4 

199,  286,  544 

200, 162,  891 

1879  

987  831  801 
Zo I , 5oJ , ou4 

1 9  807  0^7 
IZ,  oO  4 ,  OO  i 

6,  939,  691 

417  110  OQQ 
4i  4 ,  nu,  uyy 

93  Piftl  004 
Zo,  004,  U04 

243,  386,  008 

173,  724,  091 

1880  :: 

300  090  O^il 
OUU,  OZO,  OJ4 

10  989  90ft 

12,  623,  003 

4fi3  ^08  Q03 
4uo,  ouo,  yuo 

90  37^  107 
ZO,  o  4  0,  4U  4 

237,  408,  589 

226, 100,  374 

1881  

QOQ  t'fje:  of;,-; 

ozy,  uoo,  ooo 

K    QHO  1G9 
O,  O  4  O,  .1  Vlj 

7,  948,  303 

4.^0  141  73^ 

40U,  141,   4  OO 

90  01 1  091 

£U,  Ul  1,  \JLi-i 

265,  583,  927 

184,  557,  808 

1882  

31^  783  780 
OiO,  4  OO,  4oO 

10  879  <V?1 

It.    O  4  — ,  O^Jl 

9,  627, 014 

488  Q8^  (\?\7 
400,  yoo,  UO  4 

9J   QQ-ri  071 

Z4 ,  yyo,  0/4 

263,  965,  744 

225,  019,  313 

1883  

3f\1    ft8^  000 
oOl,  OoO,  OUO 

7  004, 219 

8,  577,  346 

40^  Q4fi  77Q 

4oO,  J4U,  4  4  y 

91  0^3  139 

Z4,  yoo,  loz 

277,  234,  084 

218,  712,  695 

1884  

381,403,669 

15,  362,  870 

6,  220, 620 

526,  526,  661 

26,  517,  920 

276,  919,  073 

249,  607,  588 

1885  

356,  055,  791 

12,  868,  622 

6, 138,  758 

505,  687,  590 

21, 177,  688 

267,  501,  675 

238, 185,  915 

1886  

401,  425,  430 

16,  976,  066 

9, 741,  241 

596,  470,  995 

22,  565,  040 

312,  006,  380 

284,  464,  615 

383,  506,  395 

13,  288,  801 

9, 193,  359 

577,  924,  661 

24,  452,  021 

319,  202,  968 

258,  721,  693 

1888  

427,  974,  038 

13,  611, 178 

9,  728,  212 

639,  267,  975 

26,  030, 131 

339,  075,  483 

300, 192,  492 

1889  

431,  303,  391 

16,  343,  005 

14,  630,  802 

700,  903,  057 

28,  614,  737 

363,  647,  360 

337,  255,  697 

1890  

418,  771,  604 

11, 173,  692 

12,775, 117 

633,  028, 131 

27, 158,  762 

340,  712,  303 

292,  315,  828 

1891  

477,  727,  486 

12,  858,  985 

15,  510,  097 

720,  014,  070 

28,  078,  042 

384,  224,  656 

335,  789,  414 

1892  

513,  405,  793 

17,  566,  967 

14,  715, 130 

743,  046, 104 

27,  059,  379 

430,  828,  993 

312,  217,  111 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


581 


Total  Quantities  and  Values  of  Manufactures  of  Wool  Imported  into 
the  United  Kingdom  from  1861  to  1892. 


[One  pound  sterling  equals  $4.8665.] 


Yeatis. 

• 

TVoolen  rags. 

WOOLEN  AND  ^ 

Berlin  wool  and  yarn 
used  for  fancy  * 
purposes. 

VORSTED  YARNS. 

For  weaving. 

All  other 
maim- 
fo  ctures 
of  wool. 

Total  value 
of  the  im- 
ports of 
manufac- 
tures of 
wool. 

Tons. 

£ 

Pounds. 

£ 

Pounds. 

£ 

£ 

£ 

1861  

10,  653 

336, 107 

214,  217 

58,  910 

1,  362,  874 

306,  648 

1,  419,  336 

2, 121,  001 

13, 109 

437,  056 

193,  098 

53, 103 

2,  051,  603 

461,  611 

1,  574,  281 

2,  526,  051 

1863  

15,  417 

551,  824 

213,  528 

58,  723 

4,  312,  857 

970,  394 

1, 813, 894 

3,  394,  835 

1864  

15,  642 

642,  907 

174, 653 

48,  031 

4,  479,  984 

1,  008,  004 

1,  849,  550 

3,  548,  492 

1865  

14, 585 

565,  861 

211,  244 

58,  092 

4, 180,  846 

940,  692 

1,  891, 104 

3, 455,  749 

15,  797 

530,  947 

287,  367 

79,  028 

6,  997,  889 

1,  574,  527 

2,  036,  671 

4,  221, 173 

1867  

14,  542 

395,  801 

303,  918 

73, 902 

5,  514,  947 

1, 089,  350 

2,  405,  600 

3,  964,  653 

1868  

15, 922 

370, 412 

387, 255 

87, 133 

8,  950,  692 

1,  566,  371 

2,  373,  366 

4,  397,  282 

1869  

16,  699 

373,  322 

434, 897 

97,  855 

9,  587,  631 

1,  677,  834 

2,  534,  523 

4,  683,  534 

1870  

17,  210 

400,  326 

611, 013 

123,  984 

9,  683,  402 

1,  511, 170 

3,  362,  o5o 

5,  398, 136 

1871  

24,  219 

498, 754 

464, 058 

81,  883 

11,  665,  465 

1,  097,  289 

4,  637,  625 

6,  315,  551 

1872  

29,  302 

534, 329 

423,  563 

83,  010 

11,  706,  427 

1,  382,  084 

4,  038,  666 

6,  038,  089 

1873  

24,  827 

468,  556 

325,  259 

59, 194 

13, 169,  662 

1,  496,  463 

o  o  a  a  c±pc\ 

J,  o4o,  o02 

5,  870,  875 

1874  

25,  581 

547,  399 

533, 320 

107,  471 

13, 131,  850 

1,  494,  945 

3,  973,  811 

6,  123,  626 

1875  

25,  415 

599,  402 

727,  214 

145, 049 

11,  700,  928 

1,  327,  887 

4    o AO  orcrr 

4,  308,  3o7 

6,  380,  695 

1876  - 

28,  847 

660,  260 

841,  878 

162, 387 

12,  909,  902 

1,  538,  496 

4,  920,  711 

7,  281,  854 

1877  

33,  408 

760, 256 

976,  044 

190,  369 

12,  948,  662 

1,  540,  239 

5,  235,  948 

7,  726,  812 

1878  

32,  376 

739, 137 

1,  028,  550 

204, 428 

11,  343,  339 

1,  365,  431 

C    HO  A    rr  A  O 

5,  934,  748 

8,  243,  744 

1879  

33, 309 

660,  046 

887,  233 

167, 719 

10,  022, 139 

1,  233,  402 

r    dorr    />rr  r 

5, 637, 675 

7,  698,  842 

1880  

41,  266 

820,  366 

752,  700 

128, 176 

14, 194,  979 

1,  713,  959 

7,  649,  778 

10,  312,  279 

1881  

35,  265 

761,  591 

663, 922 

117,  080 

10,  068,  329 

1,  236,  737 

5,  985,  863 

8, 101,  271 

1882  

37,  511 

820,  616 

938, 819 

166,  373 

12,731,339 

1,585,  325 

5,  982, 449 

8,  554,  763 

1883  

35,  767 

757, 277 

951, 221 

170,  593 

14,  558,  567 

1,  831,  010 

6,  251,  281 

9,  010, 161 

1884  

31,  022 

678,  525 

1, 094,  620 

200, 440 

13,  341,  685 

1,  675,  019 

6,  831,  737 

9,  385,  721 

1885  

32,  642 

681,  995 

1,  255,  425 

221,  412 

14,  632,  053 

1,  774,  399 

7,  374,  808 

10,  052,  614 

1886  

30,  526 

638,274 

1,  420,  393 

263,  820 

18,  620,  957 

2,  228,  715 

8,  067,  776 

11, 198, 585 

1887  

31,  670 

664, 122 

1, 188,  556 

213,  842 

16,  088, 197 

1,  905, 566 

7,  711, 227 

10,  494,  757 

1888  

31,643 

658,  229 

1,176,067 

206,  313 

16,  517,044 

1,  866,  534 

8,  803,  348 

11,531,424 

1889  

31,  335 

669,  438 

1,  244,  985 

219,  287 

19,  051,  354 

2,  204, 156 

9,  784,  068 

12,  876,  949 

1890  

34,  659 

716, 379 

1,  235,  931 

219,  567 

15, 144,  054 

1,715,  494 

9,  321,  930 

11,973, 370 

1891  

37,  037 

769,  734 

1,  308.  854 

234, 677 

14,  712, 167 

1,633,901 

9,  669, 179 

12,  307, 491 

1892  

25,  232 

501,  807 

1, 397, 143 

237,  515 

15, 293,  809 

1,  688, 790 

9,  839, 524 

12, 267,  636 

582  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Imports  of  Wools  and  Hair  into  the  United  Kingdom. 


QUANTITIES. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  FROM 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

WHICH  IMPORTED. 

Wool: 

Alpaca,  vicuna,  and  llama — 

Pounds. 

P6unds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

112  980 

109  Pin 

1UZ,  U4U 

101    P.  1ft 

30,  888 

6, 160 

Q  QP.9  PI  1 

o,  yoz,  on 

4,  010,  UoO 

3  114  336 

Q  QQ7  499 
0,  yy  /  ,  4ZZ 

A  ACQ 

4,  UOy.  Z4D 

oz/,  z±y 

OA  7  Q99 

t\R4  PHP 

/I9Q  9nn 

"4Zo,  ZUU 

PiQ7  C7Q 
Oo/,  0/0 

Other  foreign  countries 

3,  572 

29,  212 

15, 100 

4,  324,  290 

4,  891,  570 

3,  791,  922 

4,  543,  362 

4.791,901 

Goat's  hair  or  wool: 

o4 / , oyz 

OOA  QAA 

004,  oUU 

970.  A R9 

A1  PAfl 

191    Q1 9 

58,  220 

30,  091 

47,  230 

36,  477 

42,  760 

ZoZ,  U4U 

236  247 

118  694 

468,  551 

138, 522 

303,  225 

192,  024 

114, 715 

51, 670 

8,  010,  060 

8,  911,  894 

4, 120,  222 

6, 496, 115 

7,  774,  541 

32,  970 

23,  960 

55,  000 

685,  956 

875,  671 

906,  822 

1,  040, 119 

504, 901 

TT-»-.i+/*/l  Q  +  o  f  f-i  o 

70,  300 

44,  720 

97,  410 

79,  072 

96,  401 

206,  719 

93, 124 

39,  346 

9,  252 

Total  from  foreign. . . 

10,524,  499 

10, 774, 457 

5,  977,  332 

0   "1  a  A  nee 

8, 100,  755 

8,  865,  901 

British  Possessions  in  ooutn 

Africa — 

Cape  of  Good  Hope  

£  10,289,278 

8,  969, 108 

8,  923,  531 

<    9,  415,  782 

9,  020,  932 

*       767, 970 

692.  588 

British  East  Indies- 

Bombay   

f  1,221,552 

1, 198, 140 

\    1, 148, 158 

1, 191,  352 

968,  860 

I  

750 

Madras  

j 

i          4, 810 

Other  British  Possessions  . 

19,  603 

56,  656 

10,  591 

9,  678 

4,  952 

Total  BritishJPossessions  - 

11    a  tin  c\ r>  a 

11,  457,  039 

10,  217,  lib 

r\    AAO  AQO 

y,  yuz,  i)oz 

11     iin  r>AO 

11,  41y,  <9z 

1  A    A1  *7  OfiO 

11),  917,  ooz 

Total  

21, 981,  538 

20,  991,  573 

15, 880,  314 

19,  520,  547 

19,  783,  263 

Sheep  or  lamb's : 

24,  626,  644 

44,  242, 452 

24,  785, 500 

38,  382,  854 

24, 403, 157 

Denmark  

1,  344,  986 

1,  268,  484 

1, 459,  355 

1,710,  991 

2, 182,318 

Germany  

3,  884,  712 

5, 185,  582 

6,  620,  572 

4,  648, 427 

5,  379, 104 

Netherlands  

2, 102,  543 

1,  682,  685 

609, 103 

735, 029 

926,  659 

3,  851,  090 

12, 422,  797 

6,  088,  363 

5, 278,  520 

5,  371, 777 

14,  067,  314 

24,  531, 311 

10,  873,  788 

12,  270,  828 

17,  054,  517 

2,  548,  951 

2, 193,  695 

1,  556,  813 

1,  414, 862 

1, 716,  534 

1,  210,  235 

1,  754,  350 

983, 598 

262, 458 

581, 298 

188,  923 

767,  789 

570,  330 

557,  621 

369, 900 

Austrian  territories  

53,  724 

121,  800 

32,  040 

200,  485 

17,  700,  718 

21,  312, 123 

17, 458,  657 

17,805, 113 

22,  774, 764 

3,  601, 420 

3,  456,  350 

2,  298,  243 

1,  515,  298 

1,  570,  915 

Morocco  

2,  071,  607 

2, 552,  596 

2,  654, 110 

2,  279, 143 

2,  333, 810 

218, 912 

1, 127,  734 

92, 136 

283,  239 

1, 194,  795 

721,  618 

2, 194,  763 

2,  370,  603 

4, 018,  957 

2,  907, 146 

170, 240 

456,  888 

849, 880 

716,827 

558,  073 

463,  344 

196,  830 

175, 000 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  583 
Imports  of  Wools  and  Hair  into  the  United  Kingdom — Continued. 


VALUES. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  FROM 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

WHICH  IMPORTED. 

Wool: 

Alpaca,  vicuna,  and  llama— 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

6  601 

5  441 

8  488 

1  959 

308 

ICG,  808 

236, 732 

190,  703 

193  864 

187,  275 

11  285 

15  430 

30  694 

21  429 

Other  foreign  countries 

161 

705 

762 

Total  

180,  213 

252,  867 

227,  998 

221,  496 

220,  060 

Goat  s  nair  or  wool : 

15,  434 

8,  370 

8,  918 

1  576 

3  495 

2,094 

438 

1,059 

1,  509 

1,651 

3  474 

4  263 

3  885 

2  755 

2  101 

France  

6,  592 

3,357 

9, 187 

7,011 

2, 157 

2,859 

413,  875 

jqq  nan 

400,  you 

obU, Z4o 

411, 178 

1  966 

1  372 

1  460 

China  

23,  373 

29,  240 

31,517 

36,  820 

17,  813 

United  States  

3, 786 

1,420 

2,  238 

3,789 

2  357 

6  803 

2  842 

935 

249 

Total  from  foreign . . . 

473,  844 

542,  851 

287, 637 

415,053 

445,  265 

•  • 

JSritisfi  I  ossessions  in  ooutJi 

 _  :  

Africa — 

Cape  of  Good  Hope  

I       454, 353 
y 

438,  305 

402, 844 

(       426, 624 
*         32, 822 

406,  876 
30,  076 

British  East  Indies — 

1 

f          6, 025 
I 

6,  840 

\          6, 903 

11,  293 

5,  747 

15 

Madras  

) 

[  160 

Other  British  Possessions  . 

824 

1,947 

510 

474 

214 

JLotal British  P ossessions- 

451  545 

409  101 

ark  1  n"» 
400,  i  y)o 

444  021 

Total  

935,  924 

994,  396 

696,  738 

881, 158 

889,  286 

Sheep  or  lamb's : 

817,  205 

1,437,  870 

817,  551 

1,  240,  613 

724,  910 

Denmark  

48, 271 

47, 647 

57, 160 

61,  480 

75,  006 

167,  772 

209, 544 

262,  381 

167,  549 

191,  475 

Netherlands  

94,  248 

82,  210 

25, 443 

28,  863 

40,  412 

Belgium  

177, 042 

564,  622 

284,  008 

243, 030 

262,  858 

516, 157 

983, 648 

414,  505 

440, 888 

582, 192 

Portugal  

107, 391 

103,  249 

76, 939 

65,  283 

75, 177 

Spain  

32,  836 

54,  543 

27, 174 

6,  758 

15,  393 

Italy 

5  737 

24  262 

17  890 

15  431 

10  978 

Austrian  territories  . . . 

2,'  075 

4,  692 

1, 126 

7, 108 

Turkey  

517,  325 

628,  025 

504,  940 

511, 406 

609, 652 

Egypt  

113, 419 

101,  268 

67,  884 

48,  611 

51,911 

76,  747 

90,  405 

98,  883 

84,  592 

88, 138 

Persia  

20,  665 

29,  531 

3, 450 

8,  823 

33, 701 

China  

19,  821 

66,  859 

75,  018 

123,  715 

93, 168 

4,965 

United  States  

14,  569 

34,  878 

22, 186 

19,  059 

13, 219 

5,  600 

5,250 

584  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Imports  of  Wools  and  Hair  into  the  United  Kingdom — Continued* 

QUANTITIES— Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  FROM 
WHICH  IMPORTED. 


Wool— Continued . 

Sheep  or  lamb's — Cont'd. 

Peru  

Chile  

Brazil  

Uruguay  

Argentine  Republic  . . 
Other  foreigu  


Total  foreign...... 

BritishPossessions  in  South 
Africa — 

Cape  of  Good  Hope  . . 

Natal  

Aden  

British  East  Indies — 

Bombay  

Bengal  

Straits  Settlements.. 

Other  

Australasia — 

West  Australia  

South  Australia  

Victoria  

New  South  "Wales... 

Queensland  

Tasmania  

New  Zealand  

British  North  America. . 

Falkland  Islands  

Other  


Total  British  Possessions 
Total  


Other  kinds  and  flocks : 

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France   

China  

United  States  

Other  


Total  

British  Possessions. 

Total  


1888 


Pounds. 
1,  703,  280 
1.  757, 112 


2, 115,  648 
1,  326,  067 
127,  875 


1889 


Pounds. 
2,  509,  454 
1,  235,  897 
127, 443 
889,  386 
4,  717,  653 
227, 478 


85,  680,  2G7 


83,  647,  956 
129,  400 


34,  438,  026 


7, 141, 109 
40, 122,  813 
106,  581,  056 
149,  539,  681 
35,  725, 427 
4,  625,  800 
84,  238, 152 
398, 447 
2,  353,  059 
322,  542 


549,  263,  418 


634,  943,  685 


431,726 
104,  290 
981, 207 
1,  098,  551 
191,  000 
103, 577 
13, 140 


2,  923,  491 
50,  822 


2,  974,  313 


135,  371,  702 


90, 189, 138 
88, 870 


35,  598,  921 


7,  973,  479 
42, 814,  220 

91,  367,  360 
152,  267, 520 

38,  050,  268 
6, 432,  000 

92,  059,  544 
735, 935 

1,  991,  702 
1,  070,  828 


560,  639,  785 


696,  011,  487 


196,  232 
77,  032 
1,  020,  360 
856,  362 
9,  883 
104,  350 
617,  776 


2,  881, 995 
55,  461 


2, 937,  456 


1890 


Pounds. 
2, 139,  000 
2,  208,  084 
167,  600 
573,  099 
2,  347,  626 
325,  986 


86,  931, 433 


87,  221,  926 


34,  238,  586 


11, 328,  780 
35,  625,  588 
98,  300,  002 
127,  402,  559 
44, 141,  456 
6,  271, 131 
95,  632,  598 


1,  977, 400 
164,  750 


542,  304,  77G 


629,  236,  209 


272,  359 
95, 109 
529,  312 
1, 105,  438 
49,  941 
126,  009 
100,  363 


2,  278,  531 
33, 448 


2,311,979 


1891 


Pounds. 
2,  627,  055 
1,  571,  980 


302,  426 
3,  716,  074 
554, 314 


100,  890,  577 


96,  662, 069 
60, 168 

32,  823,  788 


2,  699,  773 
980,  303 

8,  015,  000 

49,  221,  000 
92,  653,  966 

165,  465,  000 

50,  592,  000 
6,  932,  520 

104,  848,  000 


3,  553,  972 
72,  572 


614,  580, 131 


715, 470,  708 


285,  986 
68,976 
200,  495 
933,  061 
213,  320 
95,  792 
112,  273 


1,  909,  903 
25, 313 


1,  935,  216 


1892 


Pounds. 

2,  378, 100 

3,  694, 280 
185,  532 
522,240 

6,  014,490 
39,201 


102,409,221 


63, 028,792 
19, 042,496 


34, 335, 181 
1, 104,  511 
1,  845,  647 
322, 918 

6, 420,  836 
44,  625,  340 
99,  785,  836 
181,  836,  921 
69,  863, 100 
6, 135,  360 
104,  738,400 


2,698,729 
57,  915 


635,  841,982 


738,  251,  203 


543, 147 
63, 681 
311,  336 
799, 636 


126,  210 
42,  662 


1,  886,  672 
32,  824 


1,  919, 496 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  585 
Imports  of  Wools  and  Hair  into  the  United  Kingdom — Continued. 

VALUES— Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  FROM 
WHICH  IMPORTED. 


Wool— Continued. 

Sheep  or  lamb's— Cont'd. 

Peru  

Chile  

Brazil  

Uruguay   

Argentine  Republic  . . . 

Other  foreign  

Total  foreign  

British  Possessions  in  South 
Africa — 

Cape  of  Good  Hope  

Natal  

Aden  

British  East  Indies — 

Bombay  

Bengal  

Straits  Settlements  

Other  

Australasia — 

West  Australia  

South  Australia  

Victoria  

New  South  Wales  

Queensland  

Tasmania  

New  Zealand  

British  North  America  

Falkland  Islands  

Other  


TotalBritish  Possessions 

Total  

Other  kinds  and  flocks : 

Germany   

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France   

China  

United  States  

Other  

Total  *  

British  Possessions  

Total  


1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

£ 

£ 

£ 

55,  374 

88,  473 

81, 530 

88,  727 

72,  526 

37,  003 

71,479 

47,  402 

114, 275 

2,  933 
28,  765 

4,476 
14,  583 

4,  606 
15, 341 

62, 903 

11, 822 

50,  214 

175,  772 

69,  813 

130,  281 

17j,  7yy 

4, 625 

8,  597 

10,  864 

12,  785 

1,  366 

2,  952,  713 

4,  804,  796 

3,  009,  283 

3,  369,  826 

3,  259,  318 

I    3, 481,  232 

3,  875,  794 

3,  745,  666 

3,  916,  452 

c    2,  552, 337 
I       662, 308 

5,267 

3, 682 

2,  220 
f  960,102 

984, 109 

29,  852 
57,  560 
4,  905 

■       979, 291 

"1     AOC  OI70 

1,  025,  372 

1     A"1  A    1  AO 

1,  010,  108 

93,  942 
25,  819 

265, 180 

309,  578 

449,  756 

282,  791 

189, 107 

1,  442,  202 

1,  624,  293 

1,  410,  728 

1,  751,  989 

1,  427, 925 

4,  971,  504 

4,  418,  382 

4,  930, 739 

4, 181,  763 

4,  218,  627 

6,  434,  987 

6,  425,  056 

5,  796, 529 

6,  612,  224 

6,  574, 896 

1, 447,  840 

1,  575,  029 

1, 947, 163 

2,  016,  277 

2,  537,  363 

201,  431 

280,  048 

296, 478 

290,  740 

237,  683 

3,  579,  440 

3, 910, 492 

4,  275,  086 

4,  244,  772 

4,  026,  577 

7,  853 
69,  446 

22,  371 
59, 628 

53,  878 

104, 933 

75, 119 

11,  532 

27,  349 

5,  350 

2,  696 

1,  633 

22,  897,  205 

23,  557,  074 

23,  921,  481 

24,  486,  720 

23,  580,  001 

25,  849,  918 

28,  361,  870 

26, 930,  764 

27,  856,  546 

26,  839,  319 

10, 102 

6,  811 

10,  754 

11,  550 

10,  680 

6,  986 

8,219 

8, 169 

7,520 

7,  430 

38,  662 

41, 994 

40, 761 

19, 279 

30,  910 

87,  303 

56,  237 

84,  084 

60,  812 

52,  551 

6,  300 
4,  089 

285 

1,170 

2, 533 

7,  582 
1,924 

3,115 

1,871 

67 

15, 152 

2,  508 

4,  231 

810 

153,  509 

131,  813 

149,  979 

112, 898 

104,  252 

650 

1,026 

567 

544 

169 

154, 159 

132,  839 

150,  546 

113, 442 

104,  421 

586  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOt 

Imports  of  Wool  and  Hair  into  the  United  Kingdom— Continued. 


QUANTITIES— Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  FROM 
WHICH  IMPORTED. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Yarn: 

For  fancy  purposes — 

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France   

Other   

Pounds. 
922,  512 
178,  370 
40,  624 
34,  561 

Pounds. 
863, 636 
125, 269 
127,  015 
128,615 
450 

Pounds. 
930,  662 
135;  805 
161,  872 
7,  578 
14 

Pounds. 
1,  045, 843 
157, 274 
69,  583 
36, 154 

Pounds. 
1,  013,  657 
236,  901 
120,  203 
26, 102 
280 

Total  

For  weaving — 

Netherlands 
Belgium 
France 
Other  foreign 

Total  

Unenumerated — 

Germany  

Netherlands  

1, 176,  067 

1,  244,  985 

1,  235,  931 

1,  308,  854 

1,  397, 143 

301,  323 
197,  276 
13,  210,  053 
2,  775,  370 
33,  022 

357,  694 
157,  366 
14,  604,  209 
3,932,025 
60 

585,  797 
147.  079 
11,709,887 
2  694  811 
6  480 

680,  978 
123,  022 
11,955,  861 
]  952  015 
291 

787,  702 
117,  751 
11,  933,  322 
2,  453, 272 
1,  762 

16,  517,  044 

19,  051,  354 

15, 144,-  054 

14,  712, 167 

15,  293,  809 

231,  309 
307 
13, 608 
27,  730 
130 

173, 479 

126,  349 

96,  232 

5, 772 

39,  200 

17, 787 

France  , 

15,  212 
2,  594 

2,  578 

Other  

928 

2,  664 

3,084 

Total  foreign  

British  possessions  

273,  084 

Art* 
4Z4 



191.  285 

166, 477 

116,  683 
560 

11, 434 
220 

Total  

Woolen  manufactures — 
Of  goats'  wool  or  hair- 

273,  508 

191,  285 

166,  477 

117,  243 

11,  654 

Total  foreign  .  . 

1 

British  possessions  

 .  :: 

Total  British 

I 

Cloths- 
Germany   

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France   

Other  foreign  

Total  foreign  

British  possessions  

Total  

Stuffs— 

Yards. 

382,  661 
1,275,  942 
611,  310 
57,  015 
4, 186 

Yards. 

340,  044 
1, 405,  685 
520, 166 
25,  484 
1,595 

Yards. 

273, 107 
1,511,432 
464, 882 
9, 138 
7,  416 

Yards. 

375,  299 
1,  493,  660 
646,  278 
19,  668 
1,797 

Yards. 

194, 081 
1,  662,  542 
313,  229 
16,  272 
8, 116 

2,  331, 114 
4,996 

2,  292,  974 
579 

2,  265,  975 
2,  540 

2,  536,  702 
2,  706 

2, 194,  240 
22,  569 

2,  336, 110 

2,  293,  553 

2,  268,  515 

2,  539,  408 

2,  216,  809 

1,  725,  393 
4,  759,  820 
2, 051,  324 

1,  267,  014 
5, 969,  647 
1, 905,  737 

1,  916,  754 
4,  812,  028 
1,  860,  255 

2,  382,  275 
6,  082,  897 
2,  803, 640 

2, 421, 130 
5,921,864 
2,  947, 129 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  587 
Imports  of  Wool  and  Hair  into  the  United  Kingdom— Continued. 


VALUES— Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  FROM 
WHICH  IMPORTED. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Yarn: 

For  fancy  purposes- 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

165,  657 

166,  262 

177,  547 

191,  713 

181,  895 

Netherlands   

28,  230 

18,  960 

19,  330 

24,  455 

31,  664 

7,  664 

15,  983 

21,  755 

13,  062 

20,  602 

4,  762 

18, 052 

930 

5,447 

3,  330 

30 

5 

24 

Total  

206,  313 

219,  287 

219,  507 

234,  677 

237,  515 

For  weaving- 

Germany   

30,  296 

33, 107 

58, 260 

66,  893 

73, 562 

Netherlands  

18,  597 

14. 129 

14,  423 

11,797 

11,  308 

Belgium  

1,383, 124 

1,  531,  795 

1,242,  399 

1,  254,  881 

1,  236,  894 

431,  328 

625, 109 

399, 952 

300,  303 

366,  865 

Other  foreign  

3,189 

16 

460 

27 

161 

Total 

1,  856,  534 

2,  204, 156 

1,  715,  494 

1,633,901 

1,  688,  790 

Unenumerated — 

25,  866 

19, 189 

15,  455 

10, 957 

660 

Netherlands  

17 

739 

2  000 

1  426 

France 

2,  705 

1,  035 

170 

United  States  

14 

129 

Other 

79 

204 

101 

Total  foreign  .... 

29  341 

17  534 

12  587 

931 

British  possessions  

35 

48 

20 

 ,  

Total  

29,  376 



20,  353 

17, 534 

12,  635 

951 

Woolen  manufactures  r 

Of  goats'  wool  or  hair — 

Netherlands  

104,  691 

125,  916 

135,  396 

123,  356 

115,  609 

Other  foreign  

6,  245 

193 

193 

532 

8,696 

Total  foreign  

110,936 

126, 109 

135,  589 

123,  888 

124,  305 

British  possessions 

73 

British.  East  Indies  .... 

11,024 

13,  651 

5,068 

4,  224 

4,  541 

Total  British  

11, 024 

13, 724 

5,  068 

4,224 

.4,541 

Total  

121,  960 

139,  833 

140, 657 

128, 112 

128,  846 

Cloths- 

Germany   

67,  688 

58, 747 

43, 465 

45,  829 

28,  506 

900.  Ofi1 

241,  416 

iio,  yyo 

9Q1    QA ^ 

Zol,  bio 

Belgium 

108  911 

94  733 

79  323 

1 00  9^0 

56  476 

France 

5,  962 

4  041 

1  017 

3  618 

1  906 

Other  foreign 

382 

395 

901 

365 

875 

Total  foreign  

392,  024 

388, 923 

366, 122 

394, 037 

369,  608 

British  possessions  

218 

144 

305 

323 

878 

Total  

392,  242 

389,  067 

366, 427 

394,  360 

370,  486 

Stuffs — 

Germany  

179,  022 

113, 940 

158,  272 

204,  710 

211,  308 

432.  355 

552, 427 

444, 152 

557,  099 

549,  665 

174,  030 

164, 419 

157,  740 

227, 997 

251, 056 

588  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Imports  of  Wool  and  Hair  into  the  United  Kingdom — Continued. 


QUANTITIES — Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  FROM 
WHICH  IMPORTED. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Woolen  manufactures— Cont'd. 
Stuffs — Continued. 

France   

United  States  

Yards. 
55,  721, 126 
50,  473 
4,  566 

Yards. 
67,  022,  428 
36, 100 
212 

Yards. 
59,  674,  990 
326,  722 
2,  673 

Yards. 
60,  356,  914 
44,  067 

Yards. 
58, 821, 585 

Other  foreign  

17,  540 

,                  Total  foreign  —  . 

Total  

Unenumerated — 

04,  olZ,  i 

6,  920 

4  O,  ZUl,  lOO 

1,  780 

Oo,  DUo, 

7, 100 

/ 1,  ooy,  i\)5 
12,  379 

7U,  129,  248 
4,  257 

64,  319,  628 

76,  202,  918 

68,  600,  522 

71,682, 172 

70. 133,  505 

Netherlands  

Total  foreign  

 1  

Other  British  posses- 

Total  British 

Total  

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  589 
Imports  of  Wool  and  Hair  into  the  United  Kingdom — Continued. 


VALUES  —Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  FROM 
WHICH  IMPORTED. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Woolen  manufactures— Cont'd. 
Stuffs— Continued. 

France   

United  States  

£ 

4,  874,308 
2, 190 
100 

£ 

5,  867,  420 
1,414 
16 

£ 

5,  303,  598 
7,  699 
202 

£ 

5,  174, 104 
999 

£ 

5,  003, 164 

Other  foreign  

697 

Total  foreign  

British  possessions  

Unenimierated  — 

Netherlands  

France   

Turkey  

Persia  

5,  6G2,  005 
495 

6,  699,  636 
141 

6,  071,  663 
1,  081 

6, 164,  945 
1,  041 

6,  015,  890 
142 

5,  602,  500 

6,  699,  777 

6,  072,  744 

D,  J.DO,  VOO 

b,  OIo,  032 

444,  668 
1, 139,  642 
193,  698 
708,  329 
178,  654 
1,939 
8,  964 
10,  323 

401, 785 
1,  233,  043 
218,  612 
546, 824 
214,  262 
3,412 
4,  452 
4,  783 

468,  684 
1,  230,  598 
206,  734 
720,793 
180,  735 
4,997 
3, 100 
4,  606 

516,  665 
1,462,872 
255, 944 
653, 970 
157,  331 

534,  669 
1,  925,  080 
180, 153 
596,  758 
152,  763 

United  States  

Total  foreign  .... 

Channel  Island  

British  East  Indies  

Other  British  posses- 
Total  British 
possessions  

Total  

6,  040 

8,  038 

2,  813 
9,  266 

2,  686,  217 

2,  627, 173 

2,  820,  247 

3,  060,  860 

3,  401,  502 

60, 545 
1,844 

2,374 
64, 478 

1, 199 

1,912 
59,  664 

936 

2,  030 
43,  985 

1,958 

1,  820 
48,  920 

764 

62,  389 

68,  051 

62,  512 

47, 973 

51,  504 

2,  748,  606 

2,  695,  224 

2,  882,  759 

3, 108,  833 

3, 453,  006 

590  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Quantities  and  Values  of  Domestic  Wool  and  Manufactures 


[One  pound  ster- 


Years. 

Wool  (sheep's  and 
lambs'). 

Yarns,  woolen  and 
worsted. 

MANUFACTURES 

Cloths,  coatings,  etc., 
unmixed  and  mixed. 

Pounds. 

£ 

Pounds. 

£ 

Yards. 

£ 

1  am 

15,  715,  288 

1, 143,  358 

26,  492,  256 

3,  325,  688 

24,  371,  340 

2,  998,  465 

1869 

10,  200,  544 

756,  310 

27,  067,  837 

3,  662,  555 

34,  972,  0o6 

4,  425, 122 

1  CfV> 

8,  230,  214 

688, 300 

31,  660,  220 

4,  870,  393 

27, 762, 256 

3,  964,  910 

1  ft(\A 

7,  320,  299 

673,  446 

30,  866,  795 

5, 183,  229 

29,  615,  556 

4,  533,  519 

1865 

9,  056,  942 

901, 660 

30, 425,  734 

5, 110,  474 

25,  615,  689 

4,  023,  954 

I860 

9,  732,  683 

895,  356 

26,  577,  694 

4,  547,  043 

32,  514,  358 

5,  303,  602 

1867 

8,  862, 197 

775,  834 

36,  952,  474 

5,  739,  340 

31,189,  209 

5,  327,  375 

1808 

9,  510,  881 

736, 035 

42,  799,  410 

6,  203, 174 

24,  622,  230 

3,  760,  961 

18(31 

12,  410,225 

922, 159 

37, 185,  740 

5,  538,  295 

28,  218, 489 

4,  275,  858 

1870 

9, 101,405 

580,  570 

35,  536,  848 

4,  994,  249 

32,  404,  719 

4,  749, 165 

1871 

11,  957,  282 

828, 799 

43,  725,  577 

6, 100,  727 

35, 583,  697 

5,  563,  037 

187-> 

7,  605, 146 

629,  275 

39,  734,  924 

6,110,138 

40,  734,  224 

6,  991,  718 

1873 

7,  034,  735 

620,  848 

34,  744,  507 

5,  393,  493 

38,  633,  833 

6,  599,  635 

1874 

10,  077,  619 

920, 415 

34,  981,  008 

5,  558,  560 

40,  331,  686 

6,  642,  222 

1875 

10,  536,  523 

928,  264 

31,  723,  627 

5,  099,  307 

42,  058,  354 

6,  850,  203 

1876 

9,  817,  249 

757,  832 

30,  854, 160 

4,  417,  241 

40,  479,  373 

6,  451,  410 

1877 

9,  548,  999 

705, 610 

26, 972,  536 

3, 609, 456 

44, 125,  206 

6,  567,  806 

1878 

6,  618,  200 

547, 823 

31, 189,600 

3,  908,  322 

43,  529,  800 

6,  263, 107 

1879 

15,  703,  900 

941,  278 

33,  378,  500 

3,  714,  230 

46,  258,  900 

6, 145,  773 

1880 

17, 197,  300 

1.187,113 

26,  464,  300 

3,  344,  740 

50,  000,  200 

6,  736,  721 

1881 

14,  068,  900 

894,  366 

29,  731, 400 

3,  225,  696 

55,  679,  400 

7,  552,  654 

1882 

13,  84G,  400 

876,  944 

31,  832,  700 

3,  398,  645 

54, 129,  600 

7,  708,  798 

1883 

19,  443, 100 

1,029,  999 

33,  488,  500 

3,  266,  488 

46,  068,  500 

7,  351,483 

1884 

18, 128,  800 

826, 185 

39,  272, 100 

3,  890,  425 

45,  959, 100 

7,  931,  839 

1885  

23,  459,  500 

933,  612 

43,  491,  600 

4,  382,  898 

45,  954,  500 

7,  702,  485 

188G  

22,  225,  200 

932,  704 

45,  650,  000 

4, 410,  826 

51,  241, 000 

8, 445,  837 

1887  

19,  557,  700 

916,  782 

40, 153, 100 

3,  969,  616 

56, 158,  000 

9,  369,  825 

1888  

23,  588,  200 

1,  016,  070 

42,  630,  500 

4,  051,  980 

58,  567,  900 

9,  653.  336 

1889  

21,  768, 400 

970,  750 

45,  360,  000 

4, 341, 514 

62, 767,  000 

10,  604,  249 

1890  

19,  495, 100 

805,  296 

41, 082, 800 

4,  086,  458 

84,  042,  000 

11, 126,  082 

1891  

16,  727,  800 

704, 860 

41,  438,  800 

3,  910,  651 

80,  973,  500 

10,452,393 

1892  

17, 928, 100 

681,  720 

44,  820,  200 

4,  059, 778 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  591 
of  Wool  Exported  from  the  United  Kingdom,  1861  to  1892. 


ling  equals  $4.8665-1 


OF  WOOL. 

Total  value 

Flannels,  blankets, 
carpeting,  and 
baizes. 

Stuffs,  unmixed  and 
mixed. 

Carpets  and  drug 
gets. 

All 
other. 

Total  value 
of  the  ex- 
ports of 
manufac- 
tures of 
wool. 

of  the  ex- 
ports ot 
wool  and 
manufac- 
tures of 
wool. 

Yards. 

£ 

Yards. 

£ 

Yards. 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

13,  403,  882 

1,  031,  455 

100  fiAQ 

ooo,  o(Jo 

D,  121,  olo 

4,  067,  351 

cao  cro 

508,  052 

458,898 

14,  444,  774 

15,  588, 132 

17,  874,  264 

1,  388,  592 

-i  AO   rrr,  r    a  AO 

108, / /5, 408 

ft   001  non 

5,  881,  789 

5, 378,  562 

671,  215 

805,  228 

16, 834,  501 

17,  590,  811 

17,  311,  400 

1,  413,  399 

i ook  i a o 

loo, 835, 142 

Q    00£i  nrrr 

o,  mo,  957 

r»    OCT  AAO 

b,  257,  992 

810,  783 

993,  998 

20,  390, 440 

21,  078,  740 

18, 128,  421 

1,  504,  384 

-t  on    OAK    A  AO 

lo  / ,  oUO,  44o 

1  A    QAA  KOI 

1U,  oUO,  521 

C    AAO  OOO 

5,  992,  832 

8bl,  499 

869, 166 

23,  752,  318 

24,  425,  764 

14,  769,  397 

1,  203, 127 

OOO    A^70    1  A  O 

233,  0/8,  142 

1  O    OfJA  C07 

13,  300,  527 

5, 743, 090 

861,  453 

692,  354 

25, 251,  889 

26, 153,  549 

14,  488,  240 

1, 161,  615 

oot   orrr    a  i  a 

227,  275,  414 

"1  O    OA  A     f\r  A 

13,  294,  059 

7,  600,  511 

1,  217,  682 

853, 223 

26,  377,  224 

27,  272,  580 

11, 126,  055 

859,  519 

OAA     A  Lid  CiCid 

200,  400,  U9b 

1 O    1  A  A  AAO 

12,  144,  998 

6,  673,  951 

1, 101,  986 

723,  039 

25,  896,  257 

26,  672,  091 

12,  727,  805 

963,  866 

224,  3o7,  4b4 

13,  07o,  773 

7,  417,  009 

1,  099,  882 

680,  906 

25,  784,  562 

26,  520,  597 

14,  925,  716 

1,  099,  299 

OCA    A£JO    AO  A 

250,  002,  934 

15, 130, 340 

9,  656,  404 

1,  466,  758 

696,  978 

28,  207,  528 

29, 129,  687 

14,  985,  389 

1,  078,  983 

OOK    AO/J  Cf\A 

23o,  93b,  b04 

1  O    700  CTAO 

13, 788, /98 

9,  374, 173 

1,  393,  279 

654,  728 

26,  659,  202 

27,  239,  772 

14,  091,  282 

1,  030,  302 

307,  235,  042 

17,  953,  209 

10,  957,  453 

1,  648,  411 

987,  426 

33,  283, 112 

34,  111,  911 

15,  022, 122 

1, 104,  835 

O  A  A     C\flO  QOC\ 

344,  908,  689 

20,  905, 163 

11,  815,  900 

1,  916,  774 

1,  464,  783 

38, 493, 411 

39, 122,  686 

14, 447,  313 

1,  089,  864 

282,  884,  692 

14,  277,  382 

9,  921, 100 

1,  597,  383 

1,  785,  614 

30, 743, 371 

31,  364,  219 

16,  004,  436 

1,  318,  007 

C\P>-i     IOC     A0 1 

201, 135,  081 

11,  888,  072 

9,  208,  271 

1,  480,  892 

1,  471,  759 

28,  359,  512 

29,  279,  927 

16, 109,  787 

1,  239,  637 

251,  845,  549 

11, 159,  914 

7,  522,  660 

1, 159,  979 

1,  249,  592 

26,  758,  632 

27,  686,  896 

13,  902,  304 

1,  014,  886 

221,  561,  999 

9, 141,  605 

6,  298,  479 

911,  873 

1,  083,  704 

23,  020,  719 

23,  778,  551 

16,  058,  604 

1, 176,  377 

i a  a   nnn  ao  a 

194,  /77,  034 

r?    P70C     A  1  A 

7,  725,  414 

6,  454,  449 

847,  763 

1,  025,  843 

20,  952,  659 

21,  658,  269 

15,  237,  700 

1,  070,  209 

1  AO     A QO  OAA 

192,  4o2,  800 

7,  443,  203 

£*     /?  A/"»  OAA 

b,  b2b,  200 

840,  419 

1, 110,  267 

20,  635,  587 

21, 183,  410 

11,  663,  700 

806,  093 

186,  646, 100 

6,  921,  532 

6,  6  6,  000 

803,  233 

1, 184,  535 

19,  575,  396 

20,  516,  674 

13,  086,  500 

897,  088 

189,  940,  700 

7,  241, 156 

9,  328,  300 

1, 133,  545 

1,  256,  667 

20,  609,  917 

21,  797,  030 

15,  378,  200 

972, 459 

192, 106, 100 

7,  237,  504 

9,  711,  200 

1, 164,  438 

1,  201,  701 

21,  354,  452 

22,  248,  8.18 

17, 317,  700 

1,  091,  718 

182.  444,  500 

7,  332,  099 

11,  318,  700 

1,  326,  975 

1,309,044 

22,167,  279 

23,  044,  223 

13,  572,  000 

837,  824 

185,  565,  400 

7,  687,  834 

10,  699,  300 

1,  258,  892 

1, 179,  542 

21,  582,  063 

22,  612,  062 

15,  653, 600 

911,711 

217,121,200 

8,  718,  326 

11,  540,  800 

1,258, 109 

1,  316,  576 

24,  026,  986 

24,  853, 171 

17, 182,  300 

936,  653 

198,  764, 100 

7,  741, 145 

11,  082,  500 

1, 188,  482 

1,  278,  288 

23,  229,  951 

24, 163,  563 

18, 112,  300 

942, 453 

198,  601,800 

7,  652, 183 

11,  646,  600 

1,  232,  950 

1,  464,  922 

24, 149, 171 

OK    AOI  QHZ. 

25,  Ool,  875 

18,  856,  600 

963,  815 

200,  983.  500 

7,  424, 515 

12,  946,  700 

1,  308,  767 

1,  528,  040 

24,  564,  578 

25,  481,  360 

24,  210,  000 

1,  093,  825 

176,  880,  000 

6,  358,  866 

11,  900,  600 

1,  227,  523 

1,  659, 122 

24,  044,  652 

25,  060,  722 

23,  379,  400 

1,134,  932 

178,  041,  700 

6,  546,  636 

12,  090,  000 

1.  271,  506 

1,767,  569 

25,  666,  406 

26,  637, 156 

21,383,000 

1,  097, 124 

145,  078, 700 

5,  250,  650 

10,  787, 100 

1, 115,  091 

1,  829,  535 

24,  504,  940 

25,  310,  236 

18,  669, 500 

965, 905 

119,  692,  700 

4,  323, 529 

10,  537,  800 

1,  090,  705 

1,  614, 108 

22,  357,  291 

23,  062, 151 

9,  366,  600 

956, 142 

592  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Exports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of  (the  Produce  and  Manu 


QUANTITIES. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Wool: 

Sheep  and  lambs'  (British,  raw  or 
undressed)— 

Sweden  and  Norway  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France  

United  States  

Other  foreign  

Total  foreign  

... 

Pounds. 
742,  600 
461,  900 

480,  000 
568, 100 
2,  223,  200 
14,  311, 400 
85,  200 

Pounds. 
199,  400 
539,  300 

a  aor  cnn 

828, 500 
454,  700 
2, 079,  600 
12,  307, 200 
306,  900 

Pounds. 
124,  700 
145,  000 

0,  olO,  OUU 

1,  308,  600 
297,  300 

2, 180,  300 
11,481,500 
154,  000 

Pounds. 

711,  600 

206,  300 
2,  704,  000 
1,  758,  400 

184,  700 
1,  851,  600 
8,  596,  900 

155,  500 

Pounds. 

874,  600 

296,  900 
2,  922, 100 
1,  825,  000 

350,  300 
1,  925, 100 
9,  058,  700 

242,  400 

23,  376,  600 

21, 142,  400 

19,  007,  000 

16, 169,  000 

17, 495, 100 

46,  400 
512,  400 

,  ... 

Total  

Foreign,  dressed  in  the  United 
Kingdom — 
Russia  

211,  600 

626,  000 

488, 100 

A  OO  (\i\f\ 

4oo,  UUU 

23,  588,  200 

21,  768, 400 

19,495, 100 

16,  727,  800 

17, 928, 100 

1,  518,  300 
694,  000 

4,  965, 100 
854,  400 

2,  357,  500 
321,  300 
219, 600 
382, 100 
168,  800 

4,  025,  300 
103,  500 
120, 100 

1,  497,  500 
724,  300 

6, 344,  000 
1, 167,  300 

2,  738,  300 
553,  300 
444,  000 
382,  600 
137,  000 

5,  960,  000 
85,  900 
141,  300 

I 

Netherlands  

'  | 

France  

Italy  

Au  stria-  Hun  gary  

United  States  

Brazil  

Other  foreign  

Total  foreign  

15,  730,  000 

20, 175,  500 

Dominion  of  Canada  

53, 000 

253, 000 

Total  ....... 

15,  783,  000 

20,  428, 500 

Flocks  and  rag  wool — 

Russia  

Sweden  and  Norway  

Germany  

Belgium  

France   

Portugal  

1,  392,  500 

2,  321,  300 
313,  400 

9,  607,  800 
510,  200 
1,  768,  900 
2, 156,  400 
194, 400 
118, 900 
145, 200 
40, 600 

1,  265,  700 

2,  858,  800 
558,  300 

12,  483,  300 
679,  900 
2, 054, 400 
1,  834, 400 
294,  600 
65, 400 
147,  900 
126, 100 

719,  800 
2,  535,  400 

407, 200 
8,  940,  900 

558,  200 

834,  500 
1,  403,  000 

396,  200 

565,  000 
2,  334,  600 
368,  900 
8,  261,  600 
314,  400 
618, 100 
803, 100 
262,  900 

378,  900 
2,  026,  900 
324,  800 
9,  091,  000 
344,  500 
819,  000 
659, 200 
311,  700 

55,  900 
83,  300 

British  North  America  

Total  

145,  900 

225,  900 

18, 569,  600 

22,  368,  800 

15,  934, 400 

13, 674,  500 

14, 181,  900 

259,  200 
14,  600 

139,  900 
22,  000 

106,  300 
29,  700 

64, 000 
25,  600 

40,  700 
16,  200 

18,  843,  400 

22,  530,  700 

16,  070,  400 

13,  764, 100 

14,  238,  800 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  593 

FACTURES  OF  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM),  FROM  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM. 


VALUES. 


ARTICLES  AND   COUNTRIES  TO 

WHICH 

1888 

1889 

1890 

189  J 

1892 

Wool: 

Sbcep  and  lambs'  (British, 

raw  or 

undressed) — 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

45,  373 

12,  983 

7,  296 

43, 457 

54,  527 

Sweden  and  Norway . . . 

25,  578 

30,  791 

8,781 

11,747 

15,  912 

250,  054 

254,  931 

169,  474 

136,  556 

126,  288 

23,  318 

40, 334 

63,  629 

84,  oes 

72,  334 

Belgium 

26,  674 

20,  873 

15,  686 

9  536 

10,  loo 

100, 194 

95, 197 

103,  701 

90,  547 

89,  278 

United  States  

525,  825 

470, 104 

405,  330 

291,  753 

272,  958 

Other  foreign  

5,  901 

18,  623 

7,  226 

9,  998 

13, 617 

Total  foreign 

1,  005,  917 

943,  836 

781, 123 

677, 659 

660,  097 

 1  1  

2, 166 

British  North  America 

10, 153 

26,  914 

24, 173 

25,  035 

21,  623 

Total..  

1,  016,  070 

970,  750 

805,  296 

704, 860 

681, 720 

Foreign,  dressed  in  the 

United 

Kingdom — 

Russia..  _   

102,  551 

106,  328 

Sweden  and  Norway  

48,  079 

54,  878 

314. 282 

415,  672 

52,  879 

80  320 

149,  790 

182,  360 

20,  042 

37,  838 

20,  428 

37.  993 

Italy  

24  051 

26.  973 

13,  723 

12, 113 

United  States  

246,  805 

383,  917 

11,128 

10,  814 

Other  foreign  

9,  402 

11,158 

Total  foreign  

1,  013,  loO 

1,  360,  364 

2,  518 

12,  370 

Total  

1,  015,  678 

1,  372,  734 

Flocks  and  rag  wool — 

17,  805 

18,  426 

15,  976 

12,  032 

7,  971 

Sweden  and  Norway. . . 

58,  068 

74,  605 

66,  724 

64, 257 

51,  967 

5,  893 

11,  640 

9,  280 

9, 139 

7,  805 

224,  341 

299,  673 

234,  485 

213,  065 

225,  017 

Netherlands  

12,  501. 

16,  073 

14, 220 

8,  686 

8,  083 

29,  416 

40,  594 

16,  986 

14,  442 

15,  981 

France  

33,  139 

31,  505 

28,  752 

17,  567 

11,  809 

4,915 

7,  948 

11,  313 

7,  725 

9. 197 

Italy  

3,  388 

2,  001 

2,  964 

7,486 

1,675 

1,  215 

3,518 

3,067 

4,  655 

5,  707 

393,  645 

513,  469 

402,  478 

351,  568 

343,  537 

British  North  America 

4,560 

2,  563 

3,  537 

1,  573 

1, 114 

Other  British,  possessions  

273 

426 

502 

560 

267 

Total  

398,  478 

516.  458 

406,  517 

353,  701 

344, 918 

B,  Mis,  94— -38 


594  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Exports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of  (the  Produce  and  Manufac 


QUANTITIES— Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 

1888 

1880 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Wool-  Continued. 
Noils— 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 
1,  338, 400 

852, 900 
62,  700 
3,  735,  800 

697, 000 
1,  330,  000 

334,  700 

344,  000 
1,  426,  200 
54,  900 

Pounds. 

1,  036,  600 

1,  006,  400 
71,  400 

4,  820,  900 
860,  700 

1,729,300 
501,  200 
481,  600 

Pounds. 

725,  500 
817, 100 
64,  800 

6,  045,  300 
845,  800 

1,  790,  000 
304,  500 
356,  700 

79,  800 

147, 400 

| 

10, 176,  600 

10,  587,  900 

11,  097, 100 

British,  possessions  (Canada)  . . 

 L-  

58, 100 

20,  500 

15, 100 

10,  234,  700 

10,  608,  400 

11, 112,  200 

"Waste — 

- 

427,  800 
304, 000 
87, 000 
565,  000 
82,  200 
18,  800 
66,  900 

270,  400 
573, 500 
145,  200 
687,  200 
237, 100] 

219,  300 
471,  500 
153,  600 
1,290,  200 
685,  600 
32,  500 
72,  900 
374, 600 

114,  600 
271,  900 
56,  600 
46, 100 

Italy  

789,  800 
30,  300 

53,  800 

2,  371,  800 

2,  402,  600 

3,  354, 000 

25,  800 

81,200 

73,  200 

2,  397,  600 

2,  483,  800 

3, 427,  200 

Combed  or  carded  and  tops- 

58,  400 
188,  900 
115,  700 

4.  537,  700 
285,  000 
717,  300 
370,  300 
514, 200 
124, 800 

1,  645, 800 
91, 000 
166,  500 

38,  700 
176,  800 
239,  000 
3,  714,  500 
180,  700 
690,  900 
275, 400 
723,  300 
132,  200 

67, 400 
488, 600 

287,  200 
5,  436,  200 

235,  700 
972, 800 

288,  900 
1, 106,  600 

246,  200 
132,  000 
119, 800 
110,  300 

Denmark   

Netherlands  

Belgium  

Italy  

United  States  

Brazil  

107,  700 

152,  200 

Other  foreign  

Total  foreign  

8,  815,  600 

6,  431,  400 

9,  491,  700 

200,  400 

15,  800 

82, 600 

9,  016,  000 

6, 447,  200 

9,  574,  300 

===== 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

TUBES  OF  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM),  FROM  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM — Continued. 

VALUES — Continued. 


595 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 


"Wool— Continued . 
Noils — 

Russia  

Sweden  and  Norway . 

Denmark  

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France  

Italy  

United  States  

Other  foreign  

Total  foreign  .. 


British  possessions  (Canada) 
Total  


Waste- 
Sweden  and  Norway  

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France  

Portugal  

Spain  

Italy  

United  States  

Other  foreign  

Total  foreign  

British  possessions  (Canada) . 

Total  


1888 


Combed  or  carded  and  tops- 
Russia  

Sweden  and  Norway  

Denmark  

Germany  

Netherlands  

•  Belgium  

France  

Spain  

Italy  

United  States  

Brazil  

Other  foreign  

Total  foreign  

British  possessions  

Total  


18S0 


£ 
97, 
60. 

4, 
242. 
43, 
88, 
24, 
23, 
54, 

4, 


213 
456 
536 
139 
571 
669 
692 
967 
564 


644, 084 


2,  229 


646,  313 


14,  449 

14, 350 
4,  391 

13, 781 
3,  413 
1,  025 
3,640 


60.  361 
1,  306 


116.716 
1,458 


118, 174 


4,  547 
15, 825 

7,  570 
321, 411 
22,  441 
55, 171 
31,  078 
41,  542 

9,255 
75,  628 
10, 558 
16,  321 


611,  347 


is:)1 


£ 

£ 

74,  502 

46.  938 

72,  694 

51.  505 

5.  003 

4,012 

303, 855 

337, 747 

55.  005 

49,  723 

108,  256 

99,  924 

24,  738 

13, 836 

31,  926 

21,933 

6.218 


682, 197 


1,260 


683.  457 


13, 206 
31, 053 

8,  606 
18,913 

8,  989 


6, 408 
16,  949 

1,866 
2.  430 


1  OS.  420 


3,  691 


112,111 


3, 499 

13,  632 

14,  536 
249,  906 

11,  831 
50,  662 
22, 428 
57,  604 
9,  891 


11,  326 

12,  390 


457,  705 


14,  231 


625,  578 


846 


458,  551 


596  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Exports  of  Wool  and  Manufactures  of  (the  Produce  and  Manufac 


QUANTITIES— Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 

1888 

18S9 

1890 

1891 

1892 

TV^oolen  and  worsted  manufactures : 

Woolen  yarn  (carded) — 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

A 3  fiftft 

4o,  ouu 

1  93  flftft 

14o,  uuu 

89,  900 

75. 100 

Sweden  and  Norway  

41,  800 

70, 000 

71,  500 

67,  600 

59, 500 

85,  400 

126,  500 

64,  000 

26,  500 

19,  700 

Germany  

433, 800 

569,  800 

446,  200 

351, 100 

320, 000 

Netherlands  

177,  000 

148,  800 

62,  900 

31,  200 

11,  200 

Belgium  

189,  000 

91,  200 

72, 600 

93,  800 

106,200 

"1  r.  O  OAA 

153,  800 

73, 500 

258,  800 

371,  800 

241,  300 

225, 000 

251,  500 

84,  200 

32, 100 

11,200 

124,  600 

200, 600 

267, 100 

204,  80C 

234,  000 

i  \  7  j  fin  ft 

1,4/4,  UUU 

1    fili  Oftft 
1,  044,  UUU 

1    A 17  Oftft 
1,  41  /  ,  4UU 

1   OKA  flftft 
1,  404,  UUU 

1    ftft3  Iftft 
1,  UUo,  IUU 

Australasia  

74, 400 

34,  000 

94,  200 

77,  200 

63, 000 

53,  800 

71, 100 

42,  500 

65,  800 

64,  200 

Other  British  Possessions  

31,  700 

12,  600 

18, 800 

27,  800 

14,  400 

Total  

1,  633,  900 

1,762,  600 

1,  572,  700 

1,  424,  800 

1, 144,  700 

Worsted  yarn  (combed) — 

1    170  Iftft 
1,  4/y,  4UU 

1   1^3  9ftfl 
JL,  40D,  4UU 

1   99ft  Qftft 
1,  __U,  OUU 

1   ftlQ  7ftft 

i,  uiy,  /uu 

1   1 OK  1  ftfl 
1,  140,  IUU 

9  77U  flftft 

4,  /  /y,  uuu 

3  93d.  Iftft 
O,  4o4,  IUU 

9  71  ft  Oftft 

4,  /  lo,  yuu 

9  79ft  3ftft 
4,  /4U,  oUU 

9  737  7/lft 
4,  /o/,  /UU 

1     A  O  C  Oftft 

l,  4o0,  uuu 

1   11  K  flftft 
J ,  410,  UUU 

1    /13Q  Qftft 

i,  4oo,  yuu 

1    f\0'\  Qftft 
1,  04o,  oUU 

1    1^79  Kf\(\ 
1,  0/4.  OUU 

19,  841,  800 

22,  270,  800 

19,  642,  600 

19,  590,  500 

22,  630,  200 

8,  578, 100 

8,  584, 100 

7,  542,  900 

7, 491,  300 

7,  035, 700 

1,  436, 100 

1,383  000 

1,  593,  900 

2, 132,  600 

3, 015,  000 

2,  755,  200 

2,  479, 400 

2,  385,  500 

3,  018,  500 

3,  052,  000 

Italy  

445, 500 

650,  600 

694,  200 

731,  900 

794,  000 

326,  000 

445,  400 

676,  200 

568,  800 

667,  300 

GA*>  *7AA 

80o,  7UU 

810, 700 

oUO,  OUU 

4/0, OUU 

917  /Iftft 
41  /,  4UU 

Other  foreign  

255, 400 

228, 200 

276,  000 

226,  200 

352,  700 

ac\  i3f?  i fift 
4U,  loO,  1UU 

aO  QKA  ^ftft 
44,  y04,  OUU 

3Q  QG^  Iftft 

oo,  yyo,  4uu 

30  900  1  fill 

oy,  4yy,  iuu 

13  1QQ  Rftft 

40,  iyy,  uuu 

209,  500 

97,  600 

92,  300 

205,  900 

96, 100 

Australasia  

444,  900 

383,  000 

?34,  700 

381, 100 

225,  000 

British  North  America  

166.  200 

121,  600 

53,  900 

94,  400 

122, 600 

Other  British  possessions  

39, 900 

40,  700 

33,  800 

33,  500 

32,  200 

Total  

40,  996,  600 



43,  597,  400 

39,  510, 100 

40,  014,  000 

43,  675,  500 

i  am,  alpaca,  and  monair — 

_-  . 

1  A  A  «AA 
144,  OUU 

lift  OAft 

iiy,  yuu 

07c  o.'in 

331, 500 

311  Qftft 

•  044,  yuu 

O    OIK    A  AA 

4,  815,  400 

A    AAA  l?AA 

4,  009,  oUO 

o  Aon  a  (\f\ 
o,  UoO,  4UU 

A    ftkS  AAA 

4,  uoo,  yuu 

K  one  nflft 
O,  oUO,  UUU 

5,  301,  200 

5,  839,  600 

1,  997.  400 

1,740,  400 

1,  746,  300 

1,  205,  800 

919.  900 

328,  000 

533,  800 

494,  200 

1,  270,  200 

1,  490,  200 

1.  185,  100 

L,  128,  500 

1,  391,  000 

56,  300 

187,  900 

324,  500 

284, 100 

295.  800 

154,  700 

189,  700 

196.500 

234, 800 

217, 700 

105, 100 

88,  900 

108,  700 

97.  700 

96,  300 

189,  900 

406,  400 

239,  700 

115, 100 

122,  200 

68,  200 

78,  700 

48, 600 

49, 100 

97,  300 

Total  foreign  

11,  311, 400 

13,  330,  800 

7,  789,  800 

8,  570,  900 

10,  111,  700 

8,  500 

12,  700 

4,  200 

5, 100 

5, 100 

11,319,  900 

13,  343,  500 

7,  794,  000 

8,  576,  000 

10, 116,  800 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  597 

TURES  OF  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM)  FROM  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM — Continued. 


VALUE  S»-Contin  ued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 

18SS 

IS  81) 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures : 

Woolen  yarn  (carded) — 

£ 

£ 

£ 

5,  309 

14,  365 

11,043 

9.  623 

3  58? 

5  902 

5  935 

5, 117 

Denmark  

7,  852 

10, 738 

5,  880 

2,  553 

2,  078 

51.  378 

66,  875 

55,719 

43,  249 

35,  529 

18,  773 

18.  529 

8,  815 

4,  151 

1,683 

Belgium  

19,811 

11, 168 

8,  61 5 

9.  651 

11,  705 

France  

20.  592 

10,  901 

44,  490 

69,  538 

45,  419 

TTni+Afl  dto+oa 

24  509 

23  406 

9  527 

4  171 

1,  47^ 

Other  foreign  

12,  723 

20,  676 

27,  962 

21,  313 

21, 167 

1G4,  594 

182,  560 

177, 986 

169,  924 

124, 170 

Australasia  

8,  369 

3,597 

12,  579 

10, 124 

7,  200 

British  North  America  

6,  575 

8,  974 

5,  227 

7,  752 

8,  263 

Other  British  possessions  

3,095 

1,301 

1,941 

2,  669 

1,636 

Total 

182,  633 

196,  432 

197,  733 

190,  469 

141,  269 

Worsted  yarn  (combed) — 

147,  888 

153, 411 

136,  786 

106,  8ft0 

113, 484 

Sweden  and  Norway  

236,  672 

280,  214 

247,  614 

236, 431 

234, 155 

129,  373 

127,  012 

134, 353 

137, 115 

136,  638 

1  885,  933 

2  105  '>'}() 

1  8Q^  11 Q 

1  788  542 

1  qqpj  r^qo 

J. j  *70«J}  OVO 

792,  673 

808,  266 

730,  920 

693,  287 

633, 707 

Belgium  

131,  821 

134, 725 

161, 539 

199, 839 

280,  057 

France   

254,  629 

236,  449 

245,  946 

290,  771 

285,  446 

Italy  

39,  492 

59,  879 

68,  736 

68,  496 

74, 107 

Austria-Hungary  

29,  314 

40,  906 

65,  311 

51,  096 

.      57, 127 

93, 064 

95, 671 

104,  891 

33,  693 

13,329 

fit.  ll£*T*  *fVkT*P10Ml 

27  979 

25  039 

31  717 

24  535 

47  638 

3,  768,  838 

4,  066,  802 

3, 822,  932 

3,  630,  695 

3,  861,  281 

Hongkong   

19,  905 

8,947 

9,  381 

20,  275 

8,  781 

56,  378 

50,  017 

45,  002 

52, 548 

29,889 

British  North  America  

19,  453 

15, 166 

7,  718 

12, 917 

15, 116 

Other  British  possessions  

4,773 

4, 150 

3,  692 

3,  747 

3,442 

Total  

3,  869,  347 

4, 145,  082 

3,  888,  725 

3,  720, 182 

3,  918,  509 

Tarn,  alpaca,  and  mohair — 

18,  450 

14,  509 

37, 291 

43, 728 

41,  645 

252,  430 

314, 957 

347,  648 

399,  530 

519, 175 

39, 604 

310  756 

401,  Oozt 

224  754 

56,  552 

56,  619 

53,  910 

78,  724 

66,  877 

France  

205,  528 

243,  246 

205,  974 

163,  073 

177, 655 

Spain  

6,  908 

20, 105 

34,  830 

27,  890 

28, 976 

Italy  

16, 374 

18, 956 

22,  027 

23,  089 

19,  312 

Austria- Hungary  

11,  356 

10, 447 

62,  842 

11,  300 

11,  037 

United  States  

27,  210 

53,  702 

32.  958 

17, 181 

16,  994 

Other  foreign  

5,  668 

6,  261 

6,  846 

6, 147 

8,  365 

Total  foreign  

962,  482 

1,  .178, 406 

1,  065,  042 

1,  022,  346 

1, 114,  790 

British  Possessions  

528 

991 

797 

1, 118 

763 

Total  

963, 010 

1, 179,  397 

1,  065,  839 

1,  023,  464 

1, 115,  553 

598 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Exports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of  (the  Produce  and  Manufac 

QUANTITIES— Continued. 


ARTICLES   AND    COUNTRIES   TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 


Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures — 
Continued. 
Yarn,  liair  or  wool  not  otherwise 
enumerated — 

Sweden  and  Norway  

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France   

Other  foreign  - 


Total  foreign  . 
British  Possessions. 
Total  


Coatings,  duffels,  etc.,  all  wool— 

Kussia  

Sweden  and  Norway  

Denmark  

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France  

Portugal,  Azores,  and  Madeira. 

Spain  and  Canaries  

Italy  

Austria- Hungary  

Greece  

Turkey  I  

Egypt  

Morocco  

China  

Japan   

United  States  

West  Indies  (other  than  British) 

Mexico  

Colombia  

Peru  

Chile  

Brazil  

Uruguay  

Argentine  Republic  

Other  foreign  

Total  foreign  


British  South  Africa  

British  India  

Hongkong  

Australasia  

British  North  America  

British  West  Indies  and  Brit- 
ish Guiana  

Other  British  Possessions  


1888 


Pounds. 


Yards. 
27, 800 
74,  300 
76,  200 

1,  360,  700 
309,  600 
754,  800 

3,  586, 400 

116,  900 
264,  900 
531,700 

63, 800 
21,  300 
60,  800 
21,  900 
25, 100 
527,  300 
301, 500 

2,  069,  600 

38,  200 
25,  700 
42,  000 
41,  300 
200,  800 

117,  700 
106,  600 
565, 100 

94,  400 


11,  426,  400 


Total  British  Possessions 
Total  


177, 900 
616,  700 
365, 200 
1,  869,  700 
755, 700 

144, 800 
125,  400 


1889 


Pounds. 


Yards. 
69,  400 
91,  500 
76,  900 
1,  038,  200 
240,  500 
673,  800 
1, 495,  600 

102,  900 
216,  900 
739,  500 

46,  800 
34,  300 

103,  000 

31,  400 
28, 100 

517,  900 
314,  500 
1,  990,  900 
23,  200 
78,  400 
40,  900 

32,  700 
217, 400 
104, 200 
164,  600 
743,  800 
124,  400 


1800 


Pounds. 

41,  200 
1,  090,  900 
3, 566, 800 
373,  900 
18, 800 
52,  700 


5, 144,  300 


21,  300 


5, 165,  600 


Yards. 


1891 


Pounds. 
62,  600 
982,  900 
3,  582,  600 
308,  500 
38, 400 
17, 000 


4,  992,  000 


17,  700 


5,  009,  700 


Yards. 


9,  341,  700 


4,  015,  400 


15,  441,  800 


244, 800 
564,  700 
136,  600 
1,  639,  900 
690,  900 

116,  400 
128, 100 


3,  521, 400 


12,  863, 100 


1892 


Pounds. 
72,  600 
798,  300 
3,  288,  600 
332, 700 
8,  800 
47,  000 


4,  548,  000 


1,  500 


4,  549,  500 


Yards. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  599 


TURE  OF  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM),  FROM  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM — Continued. 

VALUES — Continued . 


ARTICLES  AND   COUNTRIES   TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

W  oolcn  and  "worsted  manufactures — 
Continued.. 
Yarn,  hair,  or  wool,  not  otherwise 
enumerated — 

£ 

£ 

£ 

1, 197 
23, 448 
72,  275 
7,  652 
1,  330 
1,678 

£ 

1,  379 
26,  067 
73, 535 
6, 471 
3, 115 
556 

£ 

1,  637 

23,  111 
66, 412 
7,  235 
1,  023 
1,683 

Other  foreign  

107, 580 

111  123 

101  101 

1,058 

758 

77 

Total  

108, 638 

111,  881 

101, 178 

o  -f  i  t~i  era    A h "fifYil 0    c^^r*      oil  Trrrv/V! 
V>U<tl  11 J 1;",  CLUlltJlCJ,  CLO.,  till  vv  uui— • 

Russia  

9,  959 
20, 447 

17,  870 
388,  933 

83,  964 
195,  546 
813,  224 
37, 189 
82,  014 
131,  796 
17, 162 
5,  669 
12,  711 
7,519 
5,229 
49,  429 
50, 081 
535,  028 
8,  041 
8, 520 
7,860 
8,  496 
56,  407 
30,  330 
33, 118 
174,  850 

18,  484  • 

19,  574 
25,  760 

19,  262 
294,  933 

60,  331 
162,  705 
411,  076 
32, 429 
68,  731 
179,  053 
13,196 
9,^75 
19, 142 
6, 947 
5,  555 
44, 744 
48,  351 
515,  510 

5,  668 
21, 039 

7,295 

6,  682 
59, 137 
27, 168 
49, 062 

225, 517 

20,  895 

—  

T  ^  (111  TV1  '1  "l'l/" 

rj-prm  Q  n  vr 

"R  a!  fri  n  m 

"Pfkftvn  0"q1      A  7firPQ    O  rwl  TVT  Q  <1  Al'  VO 

Italy 

A.ustria-11 unwary 

Greece  

Turkey 

Fcrvnf, 

Phinfl, 

TTnitpd  Sta.ffs 

W  est  Indies  (other  tlian  British) 
JtTexico 

Peru  

Chile  

Brazil  

Uruguay   

Argentine  Republic  

Other  foreign  

Total  foreign  



2,  809,  876 

2,  359,  237 

29, 492 
94,  243 
33,  702 
320, 694 
150, 307 

15,  377 
20,765 

40,  766 
79,  867 
14, 235 

278.  255 
140, 185 

16,  613 
23,  603 



Australasia  

British  North  America  

British  West  Indies  and  Brit- 
ish Guiana  

Other  British  Possessions  

Total  British  Possessions 
Total  

664, 580 
3, 474,  456 

593,  524 

2,  952,  761 

600  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Exports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of  (the  Produce  and  Manufac 

QUANTITIES— Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND   COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 


Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures — 
Continued. 
Coatings,  duffels,  etc.,  of  wool 
mixed  with  other  materials — 

Sweden  and  Norway  

Denmark  

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France  

Spain  and  Canaries  

Italy  

Austria-Hungary  

Greece  

Roumania  

Turkey  

China  

Japan  

United  States  

West  Indies  (other  than  British) 

Colombia  

Peru  

Chile  

Brazil  

Uruguay   

Argentine  Republic  

Other  foreign  

Total  foreign  

British  South  Africa  

British  India  

Straits  Settlements  

Hongkong  

Australasia  

British  North  America  

British  Westlndies  and  British 

Guiana  

Other  British  Possessions  

Total  British  Possessions  

Total  

Stuffs  : 

Sweden  and  Norway  

Denmark  

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France   

Portugal,  Azores,  and  Madeira 

Spain  and  Canaries  

Italy  

Greece  

Roumania  


1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Yards. 
245,  300 

288,  800 

1,  089,  500 
1,186,  200 

2,  291,  900 
6,  G63, 100 

206,  300 
668,  300 
103,  300 
152, 100 
135,  000 
668,  000 
84,  700 
235,  300 
3, 197, 100 
101  100 
82,  700 
74,  800 

289,  900 
1  484,  600 

508, 000 
915,  600 
309, 900 

Yards. 
318, 100 
321,  900 
537,  900 
965,  700 

1,  303,  000 

5,  612,  800 
159, 600 
651, 100 
111,  900 
153,  800 
150,  900 

1,  061, 100 
81,  200 
246,  900 

1,  046,  200 
103  inn 

103,  400 
130,  900 
315,  000 
384,  700 
380,  000 
1,  129.  800 
418.  600 

Yards. 

Yards. 

Yards. 

1  • 

• 

19,  981,  500 

15,  687,  600 

113,  600 

1  Qnn 

J.,  ZOO,  oUU 

89,  900 
92,  800 
868,  400 
1,  639, 100 

251, 000 
188,  800 

87, 100 
Q7Q  a nn 

34, 500 
49,  000 
551,  700 
1,  381,  000 

221,  200 
180,  200 

4,  509,  400 

3,  478, 100 

24,  490,  900 

19, 165,  700 

450,  400 
154, 500 

2,  006,  700 
796,  700 

2,  238,  200 
951,  800 
168,  600 
304  000 
862, 200 
598,  800 
200,  500 

504,  200 
139, 100 

1,  458,  500 
601,  900 

1,  677,  900 

1, 172, 100 
207,  000 
346,  800 

1,318,  200 
411,000 
570,  900 

 1 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

TURE  OF  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM),  FROM  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM — Continued. 

VALUES— Continued. 


601 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 


18S8 


Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures- 
Continued. 
Coatings,  duffels,   etc.,   of  wool 

mixed  with  other  materials—  £ 

Sweden  and  Norway  |  29,  668 

Denmark  I  29,820 

Germany   130,  750 

Netherlands   128,  768 

Belgium   226,  954 

France   653, 204 

Spain  and  Canaries   30,  838 

Italy   76,  706 

Austria-Hungary   13,  667 

Greece   19,869 

Roumania   12, 140 

Turkey   72,  258 

China   8,  772 

Japan   16,614 

United  States   566,311 

West  Indies  (other  than  British)  11,  737 

Colombia   10,  489 

Peru   8, 159 

Chile   35.  302 

Brazil  |  49,739 

Uruguay   61, 140 

Argentine  Kepublic   125,  784 

Other  foreign   40,186 

Total  foreign   8,358,875 

British  South  Africa    13,  565 

British  India   86,  642 

Straits  Settlements   5,  675 

Hongkong   7,338 

Australasia   79,124 

British  North  America   215,  336 

British  West  Indies  and  British 

Guiana   21,  504 

Other  British  Possessions   18,  602 


Total  British  Possessions . 


Total  . 


Stuffs— 

Sweden  and  Norway  

Denmark  

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France  

Portugal,  Azores,  and  Madeira. 

Spain  and  Canaries  

Italy  

Greece  

Roumania  


447,  786 


2,  806,  661 


219 
311 
109 
676 
394 
636 
162 
061 
342 
524 
237 


1889 


£ 
35, 
35, 
58, 
98, 

111, 

490, 
22, 
«7, 
12, 
17, 
14, 

105, 
8, 
14, 

174, 
8, 
11, 
14, 
35, 
36, 
42, 

130, 
44, 


301 
259 
293 
342 
082 
950 
714 
170 
571 
963 
972 
599 
602 
228 
481 
824 
086 
331 
021 
535 
313 
259 
890 


1,  590,  786 


7,  955 
60,  434 
2,  304 
3, 920 
51,  598 
186,  413 

18,  662 
14,  327 


1890 


345,  613 


1 , 936,  399 


24,  788 
6,  237 
52,  574 
21, 140 
73. 247 
66,  291 
8, 119 

14,  010 
56,  562 

15,  416 
17,  784 


1891 


1892 


602  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Exports  of  Wool,  a^d  Manufactures  of  (the  Produce  and  Manufac 

QUANTITIES— Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND    COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 


"Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures- 
Continued. 
Stuffs—  Continued. 

Turkey  

Western  Africa  (foreign)  

Java  

China  

Japan   

United  States  

Foreign  West  Indies  

Mexico  

Central  America  

Colombia  

Venezuela  

Ecuador  

Peru  

Chile  

Brazil  

Uruguay   

Argentine  Republic  

Other  foreign  countries  

Total  to  foreign  countries 

British  South  Africa  

British  India  

Straits  Settlements  

Hongkong  

Australasia  

British  North  America  

British  West  Indies  and  Brit- 
ish Guiana  

Other  British  Possessions  


Total  to  British  Posses- 


sions 


Total . 


Woolen  tissues : 

Heavy,  broad,  all  wool — 

Russia  

Sweden  and  Norway  

Denmark  

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France   

Portugal,  Azores,  and  Ma- 
deira  

Spain  and  Canaries  

Italy  

Austria-Hungary  

Greece  

Turkey  

Morocco  

Japan   

United  States  


1888 


Yards. 
I*,  019, 400 

131,  600 

209  300 
1,  033,  900 

797,  200 
3, 284,  700 

392,  300 

1,  501,  200 
236,  800 
355, 100 
244, 400 
292,  200 
898, 100 

1, 113,  000 

2,  083, 700 
520,  600 

1,  371,  200 
442,  600 


24, 657,  700 


1,941,300 
2,"  103,  500 
241, 700 
979,  000 
11,483,  800 
4,  829,  500 

596,  700 
495, 500 


22,  671 ,  000 


47,  328,  700 


1889 


Yards. 

1,573,  000 
154,  700 
245,  900 
682, 600 
463,  500 

2, 137,  300 
267,  300 

1,  047,  300 
136,  600 
339,  800 
282, 800 
176,  600 
602,  000 

1, 198,  900 

1,  547,  900 
299,  300 

1, 169,  300 
351,  600 


21,  084,  000 


1890 


Yards. 


1891 


Yards. 


1892 


Yards. 


1,  344,  900 
1,  481,  900 
142,  500 
610, 400 
6,  361,  400 
4,  930,  200 

692,  500 
478,  300 


16,  042, 100 


37, 126, 100 


25,  300 
76,  300 
68,  500 
1,035,  500 
293,  900 
967, 100 
1,069,  800 

54,  300 
126,  300 
709,  900 
115, 100 

37,  300 
169, 100 

28,  900 
124,  300 
1,319,  900 


40,  000 
81,  200 
83,  900 
,  065,  900 
259, 300 
,  316,  600 
,  197, 700 

43,  000 
102,  600 
670, 100 

61, 400 

64,  500 
145,  200 

64,  900 
101,  500 
,  336,  200 


16, 900 
78,  700 
104,  800 
1, 155,  200 
224,  200 
1,  204,  500 
1,  001,  900 

13,  900 
139,  000 
469,  400 

55,  000 

54,  500 
115, 100 

41,  800 
121, 100 
1,336, 100 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OP  WOOL. 


603 


TURE  OF  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM),  FROM  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM — Continued. 

VALUES— Continued. 


1890 

1891 

1892 

£ 

£ 

£ 

ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES   TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 


Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures- 
Continued. 
Stuffs— Continued. 

Turkey  

Western  Africa  (foreign)   

Java  

China  

Japan   

United  States  

Foreign  West  Indies  

Mexico  

Central  America  

Colombia  

Venezuela  

Ecuador   

Peru  

Chile  

Brazil  

Uruguay   

Argentine  Republic   

Other  foreign  countries  

Total  to  foreign  countries 

British  South  Africa  

British  India  

Straits  Settlements  

Hongkong  

Australasia  

British  North  America  

British  West  Indies  and  Brit- 
ish Guiana  

Other  British  Possessions  


1888 


Total  to  British  Posses- 
sions   

Total  

Woolen  tissues : 

Heavy,  broad,  all  wool : 

Russia  

Sweden  and  Norway  

Denmark  

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

Erance  

Portugal,  Azores,  and  Ma- 
deira  

Spain  and  Canaries  

Italy   ... 

Austria- Hungary  

Greece  

Turkey  

Morocco  

Japan  

United  States  


£ 

46,  450 
4,  515 
7,310 

47, 140 

30,  817 
172, 158 

18,  355 

29,  522 
8,  929 

18,  275 
18, 133 
25,  736 
91, 846 
49,  577 
93,  712 

30,  679 
61, 456 
24, 973 


1889 


1,158,  254 


69,  530 
92,  598 
10,  104 
53,  025 
412,  226 
173, 864 

26,  065 
23,  558 


860,  970 


2,  019,  224 


£ 

60,  965 
5,  322 
8,  058 
27,  938 
19, 478 
106,  257 
12,  846 
22,  781 
5,  381 
25,  398 
22,  051 
22,  919 
59,038 
86,  892 
69, 168 
15,  723 
48,  013 
14, 532 


988, 928 


53,  009 
69,  477 
5,  959 

30,  712 
263,  384 
170,  473 

31,  829 
20,  991 


645,  834 


1,  634.  762 


10,  384 
19,  877 
16, 431 
301,599 
82,  579 
243,  569 
270,  792 

14,  916 
43,  455 
170,  506 
37,  332 
9,  714 
29,  072 
6,  029 
21,  099 
375, 455 


17,  312 

21,  024 

18,  822 
299, 053 

71,  365 
329, 541 
313,  684 

12,  796 
35,  327 

154, 448 
21, 202 
16,  019 
25,  726 
10,  270 
18,  585 

347,  229 


604 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Exports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of  (the  Produce  and  Manufac 

QU  ANTITIES— Continued 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 


Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures- 
Continued. 
Woolen  tissues — Continued. 

Heavy,  broad,  all  wool— Cont'd 
West  Indies  (other  than 

British)   

Mexico  

Colombia  

Venezuela  

Ecuador   

Peru  

Chile  

Brazil  

Uruguay   

Argentine  Republic  

Other  foreign  


1888 


Yards. 


1889 


Tarda. 


Total  foreign  . 


British  South  Africa  

British  India  

Australasia  

British  North  America  

British  West  Indies  and 

British  Guiana  

Other  British  Possessions . . 
Tot  al  British  Posses- 
sions  


Total  

Heavy,  broad,  mixed — 
Sweden  and  Norway 

Denmark  

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

Trance  

Spain  and  Canaries  . . 

Italy  

Austria-Hungary  

Greece  

Roumania  

Turkey  

Japan  

United  States  

West  Indies  (other 

British)  

Mexico  

Central  America  

Colombia  

Peru  

Chile  

Brazil  

Uruguay   

Argentine  Republic. . 
Other  foreign  


than 


1890 


1891 


Tards. 

49,  300 

59,  400 

49, 600 

59, 400 

77, 100 
232,  900 
435, 900 
178,  800 

89,  000 
253,  600 

82,700 

7,  789,  200  I    8,  292,  500 


1892 


Tards. 
32.  800 
57, 900 
51,  800 
58,  600 
82,  500 
275,000  | 
509,700  : 
214,  600  | 
39,000  ! 
190,200  ' 
146,400  ! 


47,  700 
326,  400 
456,  600 
337,  600 

40,  000 
57,  400 


36,  300 
407,  300 
379, 700 
308.  600 

j 

i 

32,200  j 
63,300  | 


376, 100 
272,  300 
415,100 
393,  600 
1, 198, 900 
3,  833,  500 
70,  200 
317, 700 
131,  900 
223,  400 
168, 600 
t,  539,  000 
294,  600 
733,300 

123,  500 
57,  600 
38,  400 
85, 000 
187,  500 
419,900  I 
682,  600 
342,  700 
926,  700 
258,  600 


Total  foreign  !  j  13,  090,  700 


328,  700 
303,  200 
636,  600 
539,  300 
1,  526,  800 
3,  510,  800 
71, 100 
258, 800 
99,  500 
276,  600 
419,  300 
1,  376,  300 
86,  400 
418, 400 

113,  000 
121,  300 
55,  000 
75,  700 
201, 100 
233, 400 
753,  200 
219,  200 
689,  400 
290,  500 


12,  603,  600 


Tards. 
21,  600 
45,  600 
44,  900 
13,  200 
69, 100 
249,  500 
829,  400 
175,  400 
48,  400 
428,  900 
130,  900 


8, 189,  000 


40,900 
256,  900 
284, 100 
382,  900 

32,  000 
54, 600 


1,  265,  706  j    1,  227,  400  j     1,  051 , 400 


9,054,900  !    9,519,900  i  9,240,400 


275, 400 
340,  900 
679,  400 
641,000 

1,  494,  900 

2,  990,  700 

63, 400 
185, 100 

82,  900 
171,  300 
242,  900 
951,700 
200,  700 
275,  200 

93,  500 
76,  000 
35,  600 
69,  300 
81,  300 
639, 400 
897, 500 
329,  900 
991,  30 
264,  3000 


12,  073,  600 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


605 


TURE  OF  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM),  FROM  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM — Continued. 

VALUES— Continued . 


ARTICLES  ANT)  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 


Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures — 
Continued. 
Woolen  tissues— Continued. 

Hea  vy,  broad,  all  wool  —Cont'd. 
West  Indies  (other  than 

British)  

Mexico  

Colombia  

Venezuela  

Ecuador  ,  

Peru  

Chile  

Brazil  

Uruguay   

Argentine  Republic  

Other  foreign  

Total  foreign  


British  South  Africa  

British  India  

Australasia  

British  North  America  

British  West  Indies  and 

British  Guiana  

Other  British  Possessions. . 
Total  British  Posses- 
sions   


Total  

Heavy,  broad,  mixed — 

Sweden  and  Norway  

Denmark  

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France  

Spain  and  Canaries  

Italy  

Austria-Hungary  

Greece  

Roumania  

Turkey  

Japan   

United  States  

West  Indies  (other  than 

British)  

Mexico  

Central  America  

Colombia  

Peru  

Chile  

Brazil  

Uruguay   

Argentine  Republic  

Qther  foreign  ............. 


1888 


$9ta]  foreign , 


1889 


1890 


£ 

8,  487 

15,  079 
8, 482 
8, 183 

10,  941 
31,  484 
73, 165 
26,  041 
25,  057 
63,  940 

16,  656 


1,  940,  324 


10,  024 
50, 136 
92, 544 
85, 186 

6,  805 
12,  740 


257, 435 


2, 197,  759 


39,  688 
29,  214 
45,  503 
37,  447 

112,717 

361, 127 
10, 163 
32,  722 
15, 171 
21, 102 
15, 157 

148,  065 
24,  330 

109, 465 

9,  945 
5,049 
4, 173 
9,  644 
18,  822 
40, 238 
55, 226 
36,  674 
91, 178 
24,  355 

1~  297^175 


1891 


£ 

6, 447 
14,  029 

8, 990 

9,  981 
10,  642 
33,  330 
69,  699 
38, 416 

7, 930 
40,  606 
35,  525 


1,  987,  998 


7,915 
55, 761 
73, 635 
76,  467 

5, 159 
13,  946 


232,  883 


2,  220,  881 


34, 156 
30, 280 
64, 142 
52,  587 
147, 103 
340, 449 
8,746 
28, 362 
10, 430 
28,  011 
37,  304 
133,  365 
9,  039 
62,  250 

10,  700 
8,912 
5,  431 
8,  742 

19,  438 
21,575 
61,855 

20,  621 
55,  605 
27,  009 


1,  226, 112 


1892 


3,765 
11, 704 
8,  583 
1,898 
9, 128 
28,  556 
124, 491 
27, 131 
10,  293 
92, 817 
30,  049 


1,  917,  472 


8,  231 
38,  989 
56,  325 
94,  656 

5, 884 
12,  759 


216,  844 


2, 134,  316 


26,  994 
31,  659 
76,  434 
65,  341 
148,  691 
291, 194 
10,  784 
19, 198 
8,  751 
17,  087 
23, 104 
89,  341 
15,  194 
33,  623 

7,  647 

5,  543 
4,  307 

6,  785 
7,836 

52,  538 
68,  635 
31,  467 
87, 467 
25, 891 


1, 155,  511 


606  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL, 

Exports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of  (the  Produce  and  Manufac 


QUANTITIES— Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 

loou 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures— 
Continued. 

"W<-»nlf»Ti  t,i«i<in aq__ OoTitinnpd 

VV  UOlvJli  tJOOUvo"^\JUU till  ucu# 

Heavy,  broad,  mixed — Cont'd. 

Yards. 

Yards. 

Yards. 

51, 800 
1,  067, 100 
210  600 
735,  900 

184, 100 
110,  500 

Yards. 

27, 500 
1,  066,  900 

IRQ  700 

816,  700 

102,  600 
127,200 

Yards. 

23,  900 
685,  600 

992,  500 

67, 500 
68,  700 

British  West  Indies  and 

Other  British  Possessions  . 
Total  British  Posses- 

2,  360,  000 

2,  330,  600 

2,  019,  500 

Total   

15,  450,  700 

14,  934, 200 

14, 093, 100 

Heavy,  narrow,  all  wool — 

77,  900 
33,  900 
96,  600 
73, 300 
20,  500 
12,  800 

223, 400 
11,  800 

248, 100 

52, 100 
22,  700 
46, 500 
31  300 
27, 100 
10,  000 

243, 300 
10,  700 

139,  900 

42,  200 
18, 200 
27,  900 
23,  900 
18,  200 
15,  700 

214,  800 
9,  200 

147,  300 

798,  300 

583, 600 

517, 400 

101  900 
62, 800 
504,  600 
137,  300 
58,  200 

102  700 
88,  000 
562, 700 
107, 000 
28,  800 

106,  700 
37,  200 
337,  400 
155, 100 
22,  900 

British  North  America  

Other  British  Possessions  . 

Total  British  Posses- 

864,  800 

889, 200 

659,  300 

Total   

■ 

1, 663, 100 

1,  472,  800 

1, 176,  700 

Heavy,  narrow,  mixed — 

■ 

65,  300 
37,  700 

101  400 
46,  600 
59, 100 
61,  700 
52,100 

201, 100 

12,  900 
57,  600 

64,  900 
64,  300 
29,  200 

29, 900 

182, 100 

120, 100 

Total  foreign  

British  South  Africa  

625, 000 

340, 500 

220,  500 



76  900 
105, 400 
234, 300 
96,  700 
38, 100 

43  300 
66,  600 
335, 100 
104,  000 
10, 100 

Qfi  Q00 

30,  900 
185, 100 
84,  500 
9, 000 

British  North  America . 
Other  British  Possessions  . 

Total  British  Posses- 

551,  400 

559, 100 

346,  400 

Total   

1, 176,  400 

899,  600 

566,  900 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  607 

TURE  OF  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM),  FROM  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM— Continued. 


VALUES— Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures — 
Continued. 
W  oolen  tissues — Continued. 

Heavy,  broad,  mixed— Cont'd. 

£ 

£ 

3,803 
69,  559 
24,  745 
96,  533 

14, 468 

8,800 

£ 

3,  303 
66,  827 
19,  921 
99,  259 

8,  758 
8,  777 

£ 

3,  182 
46,  403 
19,  389 
124, 719 

5,  092 
4,915 

British  North  America  

British  West  Indies  and 

Other  British  Possessions  - 
Total  British  Posses- 

217,  908 

206,  845 

203,  700 

Total 



1, 515,  083 

1.432,  967 

1,  359, 211 

l_r onTTr     a n^r aw    nil  wnnl  

-LLt  it  V  \  ,  XitlllUW  •  cLll  WUul  

15,  560 
6, 159 

14,  310 

12, 443 
3,  550 
2,  279 

45,  238 
2,  369 

32,  739 

10,  260 

3,  558 
7,835 

4,  816 

5,  427 

1,  654 
46,  964 

2,  569 
27,  786 

7,  881 

2,  830 
4,  247 

O,  oOt 

3,  486 
2, 419 

43, 027 
2,  343 
24, 485 

134,  647 

110,  869 

96, 075 

14,  555 
6, 962 
64,  091 
21, 462 
6,  200 

13,  898 
9,  852 
71,  981 
16,  544 
4, 131 

lo,  1  lo 
4, 108 

46,  585 
23,  339 
3,  279 

British  North  America  

Other  British  Possessions  . 

Total  British  Posses- 

113,  270 

116, 406 

91,  029 

Total 

247,  917 

227,  275 

187, 104 

K  1  f.rl  V  V)  -LLctl  1  U  YV  ,  1U1ALU. 

3,091 
2,  938 
8, 143 
3,318 
6,  707 
5,402 
4, 266 
15, 131 

1,  343 
4,  085 

Turkey  

3, 166 
5,439 
2,  551 

United  States  

Chile  

3,  619 

13,  264 

9,  549 

48, 996 

24,  420 

18,  596 

5,  628 

6,  255 
21,236 
11,  229 

2, 760 

2,  945 
3, 787 
29,  292 
10, 587 
808 

2, 724 
2,244 
15,  278 
6,  782 
692 

British  North  America  .... 

Other  British  Possessions  . 

Total  British  Posses- 

47, 108 

47, 419 

27,  720 

Total   

96, 104 

71,  839 

46,  316 

608  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Exports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of  (the  Produce  and  Manufac 


QUANTITIES— Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures — 
Continued. 
Woolen  tissues — Continued. 
Light,  broad,  all  wool — 

Sweden  and  Norway  

Yards. 

Yards. 

Yardt,. 
22,  200 
160,  200 

53,  900 
232,  400 
245, 400 

35,  600 

54,  700 
213, 600 

59,  800 
801, 300 

75,  300 
684,  700 

85,  000 

98  100 
151,  200 
238, 400 

47, 100 
115,  500 
277, 300 

Yards. 
27,  200 
300,  400 
157,  700 
411, 600 
400, 100 

37,  000 

78, 600 
207,  800 

40,  700 
934,  800 

29,  700 
793,  600 
132,  300 

06  000 
274,  200 
619,  500 

23,  000 

78,  300 
321,  900 

Yards. 

25,  400 
426,  000 

98,  300 
404,  000 
293,  500 

11,  200 

64,  600 
195,  600 

41,900 
1,074,  800 

34,  900 
738,  200 

95,  900 
162  900 
693,  400 
640,  300 

21,  800 
154,  000 
212,  900 

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France  

Portugal,  Azores,  and  Ma- 

Spain  and  Canaries  

Italy  

Turkey  

Japan  

United  States  

Colombia  

Chile  

Total  foreign  

3,  651,  700 

4, 964,  400 

5,  389,  600 

135,  500 
314,  800 
461,  800 

UOO,  OUu 

153,  300 

31, 200 
83,  700 

186,  200 
324,  500 
451,  500 
i  on 

295,  300 

37,  300 
56,  300 

157,  300 
297, 100 
300,  900 

71 fi  000 
1  1  u,  uuu 

336,  300 

42, 400 
32, 900 

British  North  America  

British  West  Indies  and 

Other  British  Possessions 
Total  British  Posses- 

1,  813,  600 

2, 117,  200 

1,  882,  900 

5,  465,  300 

7,  081,  600 

7,  272,  500 

Light,  broad,  mixed — 

Sweden  and  Nor  way  

Germany  

120, 000 
181,  700 
172, 100 
1,  000,  200 
1,  325, 100 
59,  300 
289,  200 
251,  900 
411, 100 
229,  600 
85,  200 
584,  500 

123,  000 
129, 100 

W7|W 

64,  200 
228, 600 
141,  300 
937,  300 
1,430, 400 
52,  200 
163,  800 
198,  500 
334, 900 
148,  000 
110,  900 
310,  800 

69,  700 
179,  200 

UMQ9 

77,  700 
317,  900 
249,  000 
778,  500 
1,  265,  000 

56, 100 

92,  800 
86, 400 

277,  800 
159,  200 
88,  000 
276, 400 

93,  300 
107,  500 

Netherlands  

Belgium   

France    

Spain  and  Canaries  

Italy  

Greece  

West  Indies  (other  than 
British)  ,  

J^trM.MfFffMMfffi-flti 

fffftiffifffi 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  Wool,. 


609 


TURE  OF  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM),   FROM  THE  UNITED   Kl X( i DOM — Colli  i  11  lied. 

VALUES — Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 


Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures — 
Continued. 
Woolen  tissues— Continued. 
Light,  broad,  all  wool — 

Sweden  and  Norway  

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

Prance  

Portugal,  Azores,  and  Ma- 
deira  

Spain  and  Canaries  

Italy  

Turkey   

China  

Japan   

United  States  

Colombia  

Peru  

Chile  

Brazil  

Uruguay   

Argentine  Republic  

Other  foreign  

Total  foreign  


1888 


1SS0 


1Si)0 


£ 

4,085 
39, 575 
12,981 
34, 183 
45, 095 

8,  356 
17,  043 

41,  003 
9, 145 

66, 178 
13,  756 
133,  877 

9,  064 
13,  463 
21,  477 
25,411 
10,  847 
25,  715 

42,  585 


573, 839 


British  South  Africa  

British  East  Indies  

Hongkong  

Australasia  

British  North  America  

British  West  Indies  and 

British  Guiana  

Other  British  Possessions 


Total  British  Posses- 
sions  


Total  . 


11,  042 
30,215 
37,  852 
48,  869 
18,  768 

4,  039 
10,  522 


Light,  broad,  mixed — 

Sweden  and  Norway  

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France  

Spain  and  Canaries  

Italy  

Greece  

Turkey  

Java  

China  

United  States  

West  Indies  (other  than 

British)  

Colombia  

Peru  

H.  Mis.  94 — 


161,  307 


735, 146 


7,  820 
16,  013 

8,  267 
48,  761 
81,  972 

4,520 
13, 589 
10,  508 
21, 054 
10, 177 

6,  246 
45, 418 

8,722  ! 
8,546  j 
9,392 


1S91 


£ 

5,696 
66,  991 
30,  447 

65,  194 

69, 862 

8,  730 
23,  557 
43,  696 

8, 441 
79, 123 

4,  650 
141,  498 
15, 411 
12,  406 
37,  649 

66,  321 
4,  770 

17,  584 
55, 149 


757, 175 


12,  243 
32,  704 
36,  497 
63,  856 
31,  587 

4,877 
7,  745 


189,  509 


946,  684 


4,428 

16,  385 
10,  029 
47,  965 
86,  880 

3,  316 
9,740 

10,  236 

17,  933 
6, 867 
9,115 

25,  541 

4,  807 
12,  729 

8, 885 


1892 


5,  566 
85, 734 
17,  795 
66,  853 
66,  616 

3, 020 
18, 464 
40, 433 

6,  644 
88,  077 

4,  088 
124,  268 
10,  676 
17,  593 
90,  268 
56,  786 

3,  797 
30,  888 
44,  379 


781,945 

10,  946 
29,  488 
22,  489 
58,  434 
37,  824 

5, 186 
4,536 


168, 903 


950,  848 


5,  161 
23,  304 
17,  898 
48,  776 
78,  757 

5,  209 

4,  839 

5,  979 
16,  682 

7,  590 
4, 490 
20,  468 

5,907 
8, 110 
4, 512 


-39 


610 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Exports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of  (the  Produce  and  Manufac 

QUANTITIES— Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 


Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures — 
Continued. 
"Woolen  tissues — Continued. 

Light,  broad,  mixed — Cont'd. 

Chile  

Brazil  

Uruguay   

Argentine  Republic  

Other  foreign  


Total  foreign  . 


1888 


Yards. 


1889 


Yards. 


British  South  Africa  

Mauritius  

British  East  Indies  

Hongkong  

Australasia  

British  North  America  

British  West  Indies  and 

British  Guiana  

Other  British  Possessions  . 

Total  British  Possessions 


Total . 


Light,  narrow,  all  wool — 

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France  

Spain  and  Canaries  

Italy  

Turkey  

China  

Japan  

United  States  

Chile  

Brazil  

Uruguay   

Argentine  Republic  

Other  foreign  

Total  foreign  

British  South  Africa  

British  East  Indies  

Australasia  

British  North  America  

British  West  Indies  and 

British  Guiana  

Other  British  Possessions . 


Total  British  Possessions 

Total  

Light,  narrow,  mixed — 


Sweden  and  Norway . 
Germany  


1890 


Yards. 
291,600 
291,  400 
243, 500 
378,  700 
689, 100 


6,  973,  900 


171,  800 
36,  300 
912,  400 
187,  600 
424, 100 
356, 400 

150,  500 
130,  200 


2,  369, 300 
9,  343, 200 


78,  900 
30, 500 
82, 600 

153, 200 
34, 400 
42,  200 
52,  900 

721,200 
65,  000 

273, 100 
55, 600 

229,  500 
20, 600 
24, 100 

222,  600 


,  086,  400 


181,  400 
230, 900 
964, 500 
270,  800 

66, 200 
293,  200 


2,  007,  000 


4,  093,  400 


150,  700 

327, 900 


1891 


Yards. 
279,  700 
317,  700 
117, 700 
433,  600 
639, 600 


6,  269,  800 


94, 500 
33,  600 
1, 129,  300 
332,  800 
548,  800 
352,  300 

97,  600 
96,  200 


2,  685, 100 


8,  954,  900 


90, 400 
17, 800 
77, 100 
77, 300 
24, 900 
40,  000 
45, 800 

788, 200 
30,  000 

282, 100 
24,  500 

325, 800 
8,800 
15, 000 

193,  800 


2,  041, 500 


119,  400 

356,  800 
909, 100 
312,  600 

36,  200 
63,  600 


1,  797,  700 


3,  839,  200 


90,  800 
424, 000 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  611 

TGRE  OF  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM),  FROM  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM— Continued. 


VALUES— Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 

1888 

1890 

1891 

1892 

"Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures — 
Continued. 
Woolen  tissues — Continued. 

Light,  broad,  mixed — Cont'd. 
Chile  

£ 

£ 

£ 

25,  232 
18,  377 
18,  232 
23, 430 
40, 804 

£ 

23,  368 
20,  285 
6,  938 
24, 750 
33, 729 

£ 

34,  376 
39, 109 
18,  973 
38, 923 
30, 208 

Other  foreign  

Total  foreign  

427, 080 

383, 926 

419,  271 

7,  826 
1,860 
48,  532 
12, 137 
21  316 
27,  828 

9, 410 
7,108 

5, 181 
1,748 
61,  768 
19,  775 
28,  856 
26,  200 

7,292 
6,  412 

5,  845 
1,453 
50,  949 
10,  025 
23,  413 
26,  763 

4,284 

2, 150 

Mauritius  

Hongkong  

* 

Australasia  

British  North  America 

xsritisn  west  Indies  and 
British  Guiana  

urner  .British  Possessions  . 
Total  British  Possessions 
Total  

136,  517 

157, 232 

124, 882 

_ 

563, 597 

541, 158 

544, 153 

Light,  narrow,  all  wool — 

 == 

9,  718 
4,555 
7,  849 

25,  335 
4, 554 
4, 140 
2, 684 

28,  727 
3,  778 

33,  655 
2,  520 

11,  698 
2, 334 
3, 811 

15, 130 

11, 004 
2, 938 
5,542 

11, 261 
•  5,280 
5,852 
3,  698 

31, 246 
2,  619 

38,  320 
2, 045 

14, 129 
1, 463 
1,  874 

16,  819 

13, 501 
1,322 

3,  989 
7,  527 

4,  756 

5,  799 
1,  923 

24, 022 
2, 329 

31, 169 
3,  722 

15, 330 
1,530 
5,282 

15,  314 

United  States  

Chile  

1 

160, 488 

154,  090 

137,  515 

British  South  Africa  

1 

10,  026 
15, 450 
66,  577 
17,  698 

5, 308 
13, 233 

7, 155 
19, 728 
65,  342 
24,  567 

2, 956 
3,170 

5,  369 
10,  581 
43, 627 
28, 672 

3, 158 
6, 162 

British  North  America  

British  West  Indies  and 
British  Guiana 

Other  British  Possessions 

Total  British  Possessions 
Total  

l 

128, 292 

122, 918 

97, 569 

288,780 

277,  008 

235, 084 

Light,  narrow,  mixed — 

5, 310 
12, 066 

3,104 
24, 989 

1,  202 
24, 323 

 ["'. 

612  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

.Exports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of  (the  Produce  and  Manufac 

QUANTITIES— Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 


Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures— 
Continued. 
Woolen  tissues — Continued. 

Light,  narrow,  mixed— Cont'd 

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France  

Spain  and  Canaries  

Italy  

Greece  

Roumania  

Turkey  

China  

Japan  

United  States  

West  Indies  (other  than 

British)  

Mexico  

Colombia  

Peru  

Chile  

Brazil  

Uruguay  

Argentine  Republic  

Other  foreign  


1888 


Yards. 


1889 


Yards. 


Total  foreign  

British  South  Africa  

British  East  Indies  

Australasia  

British  North  America  . . . 
British  West  Indies  and 

British  Guiana  

Other  British  Possessions 

Total  British  Possessions 

Total  


1890 

1891 

1892 

Yards. 

Yards. 

Yards. 

141,900 

107,  400 

104,  200 

502,  600 

277,  200 

158,  000 

247,  800 

186,  400 

142, 400 

128, 100 

66;  300 

37, 400 

140,  300 

42,  300 

49,  000 

226,  300 

186,  800 

105,  500 

234,  500 

328,  000 

172,  600 

348,  500 

310,  700 

217,  700 

134,  300 

117,  200 

50,  300 

72,  600 

93, 100 

88,  400 

522,  000 

290, 400 

106,  700 

Worsted  fabrics — 

Coatings,  duffels,  etc. : 

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France  

Spain  and  Canaries  . 

Italy  

Turkey  

Japan  

United  States  

Peru  

Chile  

Brazil  

Uruguay  

Argentine  Republic. 
Other  foreign]  


427,  300 
143,  200 
401,  700 

3, 747, 500 
127, 300 
638, 600 
154, 100 
145,  300 

8,  238,  600 
62, 200 
102, 300 
151, 000 
178, 000 
341, 100 
319,  900 


Total  foreign  . 


15, 178, 100    26, 534, 200 


1,  226, 200 
547, 900 

1, 370,  600 

7,  567,  200 
341, 400 

1,  319,  000 
204,  800 
162,  200 
11, 144,  800 
55,  800 
207,  300 
276,  800 
355,  300 

1,  043,  000 
711, 900 


100,  800 
270,  600 
52,  300 
73, 100 
370,  500 
368,  000 
244,  400 
200,  900 
554,  900 


5, 413,  000 


520,  400 
386,  800 
,  731,  900 
,  713, 400 

317,  800 
155,  300 


4,  825,  600 


10,  238,  600 


46,  000 
251,  600 

55,  300 

83, 600 
362,  500 
410,  200 
105,  000 

85, 300 
555, 400 


4,  475, 500 


316, 500 
398,  900 
1, 749,  700 
1,  709, 400 

181, 900 
380, 100 


4,  736.  500 


58,  000 
50,  400 
41,  300 
147, 000 
355, 100 
428,  600 
184,  700 
180,  900 
220,  400 


3,  355, 800 


324, 400 
575,  700 
973,  900 
1,  368,  600 

221,  600 
133, 500 


9, 212,  000 


3, 497, 700 
6, 853,  500 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


613 


TURE  OF  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM),  FROM  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM — Continued. 

VALUES— Con  tin  ned. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 


Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures — 
Continued. 
"Woolen  tissues — Continued. 

Light,  narrow,  mixed— Cont'd. 

[Netherlands  

Belgium  

France  

Spain  and  Canaries  

Italy  

Greece  , 

Roumania  

Turkey  

China  

Japan  

United  States  

West  Indies  (other  than 

British)  

Mexico  

Colombia  

Peru  

Chile  

Brazil  

Uruguay   

Argentine  Republic  ...  

Other  foreign  


1888 


1889 


Total  foreign  

British  South  Africa  

British  East  Indies  

Australasia  

British  North  America  

British  West  Indies  and 

British  Guiana  

Other  British  Possessions  . 

Total  British  Possessions 

Total  


Worsted  fabrics- 
Coatings,  duffels,  etc. : 

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France  

Spain  and  Canaries . 

Italy  

Turkey  

Japan  

United  States  

Peru  

Chile  

Brazil  _  

Uruguay   

Argentine  Republic 
Other  foreign  

Total  foreign  . . 


102,  822 
26,  628 
70,  652 

689, 418 
22,  309 

130,  977 
15, 316 
22,  924 
1,  504,  521 
9, 142 
24, 987 
26, 026 

•  29,  394 
74,  238 
54,  484 


2,  803, 838 


1890 


291, 130 
108,  756 
263, 108 
1, 436,  791 
66, 975 
249, 395 
26, 103 
20, 637 
2,  084, 899 
9,  951 
47,  515 
50,  284 
59, 276 
189,  037 
132, 175 


4. 176 
14,  949 
14, 233 
5, 152 
5,  444 
7, 130 
4, 474 
11, 174 

5,  402 
3,666 

28,  722 

3,  644 

6,  818 
2, 142 
3,929 
8, 805 

16, 718 
5, 581 
9,  818 

19,  748 


199, 10s 


17,  275 
15, 824 
62, 683 
57, 815 

14,  025 
5,  206 


172,  828 


371, 929 


1891 


2,  917 
7,859 

12, 674 
2,  852 
2, 106 
5, 813 
7,  215 

11,020 
4,  739 
4, 083 

10,  659 

2,  530 
4,  559 
2,  635 
2,  629 
6, 031 

16,  221 
1,779 
2, 861 

17,  763 


157, 038 


13,  265 

14,  634 
57,  087 
50,  771 

7,  605 
13, 591 


156,  953 


313, 991 


5,  036,  035 


1892 


3  493 
4,902 
10, 435 

2,  254 
2, 140 
3,790 
4,  621 
8, 028 
1,879 

3,  359 
3,731 

2,301 
1,  330 
1,875 
3, 139 
7,557 
17,  849 
3,  797 
6, 241 
8,  918 


127, 164 


10, 695 
20, 162 
38, 490 
43, 348 

9, 698 
4,695 


127, 088 


254,  252 


614 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Exports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of  (the  Produce  and  Manufac 
QUANTITIES-Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 


1888 


1889 


1890 


1891 


1892 


Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures— 
Continued. 
Worsted  fabrics— Continued. 

Coatings,  duffels,  etc. — Cont'd. 

British  South  Africa  

British  East  Indies  

Australasia  

British  North  America  

British  West  Indies  and 

British  Guiana  

Other  British  Possessions  . 

Total  British  Possessions 

Total  

Stuffs— 

Sweden  and  Norway  

Denmark  

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France   

Portugal,  Azores,  and  Ma- 
deira  

Spain  and  Canaries  

Italy  

Austria-Hungary  

Greece  

Pouniania  

Turkey  

Java  

China  

Japan   

United  States  

West  Indies  (other  than 
British)  

Mexico  

Ecuador  

Peru  

Chile  

Brazil  

Uruguay   

Argentine  Republic  

Other  foreign  

Total  foreign  

Malta  

British  South  Africa  

British  India  

Straits  Settlements  

Hongkong  

Australasia  

British  North  America  

British  West  Indies  and 
British  Guiana  

Other  British  Possessions . . 
Total  British  Posses- 
sions   

Total  


Yards. 
41, 200 
185, 000 
1, 675, 500 
1, 432,  800 

47, 100 
75, 500 


Yards. 
99, 400 
200, 100 
1,  566,  400 
2, 165, 100 

114, 900 
58, 100 


Yards. 


Yards. 


Yards. 


3, 457, 100 


4, 204,  000 


18, 635, 200 


30,  738,  200 


1,  380,  800 
458,  000 
1,  247,  000 
6,  695, 000 
5,  316, 500 
10, 409,  800 

1,  389, 100 

1,  845, 400 
3,  473,  800 

228,  500 
883,  700 
512, 400 

2,  807, 700 
844, 400 

13, 182,  000 
5, 990,  900 
34, 280,  000 


1,  644, 400 
386,  400 
1, 437, 800 

6,  417,  600 
5,  323,  700 

11, 040, 100 

1, 613,  400 
2, 039,  300 

7,  713, 200 
246,  800 
610,  000 
676,  200 

3, 177,  700 
559,  200 
11,  647, 900 

7, 127, 300 
43,  551,  500 


3, 
2, 
1, 
2, 
1, 
104, 


360, 
833, 
278, 
971, 
677, 
307, 
153, 
564, 
575, 


500 
200 
500 
300 
200 
200 
900 
400 
800 


900 
800 
900 
200 
000 
200 
900 
000 
800 


228, 
534, 
961, 
599, 
787, 
775, 
,  516, 

377, 
104, 


000 
300 
600 
000 
700 
700 
100 
000 

500 
400 


118, 630,  200 


151, 
158, 
113, 
452, 
409, 
932, 
364, 

513, 
189, 


300 
500 
100 
500 
700 
800 
400 

600 
500 


24,  884,  300 


22, 285, 400 


129,  551, 300 


140,  915,  600 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OP  WOOL. 


615 


TURF  OF  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM),  FROM  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM— Continued. 

VALUES— Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 


Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures- 
Continued. 
Worsted  fabrics — Continued. 

Coatings,  duffels,  etc. — Cont'd. 

British  South  Africa  

British  East  Indies  

Australasia  

British  North  America  . . . 
British  West  Indies  and 

British  Guiana  

Other  British  Possessions 

Total  British  Possessions 

Total  

Stuffs— 

Sweden  and  Norway  

Denmark  

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France   

Portugal,  Azores,  and  Ma- 
deira   

Spain  and  Canaries  

Italy  

Austria-Hungary  

Greece  

Boumania  

Turkey  

Java  

China  

Japan   

United  States  

West  ludies  (other  than 
British)  

Mexico  

Ecuador  ,  

Peru  

Chile  

Brazil  

Uruguay  

Argentine  Kepublic  

Other  foreign  , 

"    Total  foreign  

Malta  

British  South  Africa  

British  India  

Straits  Settlements  

Hongkong  , 

Australasia  

British  North  America  . .  - 

British  West  Indies  and 
British  Guiana   

Other  British  Possessions . 
Total  British  Posses- 
sions   

Total  


1888 


£ 

6,917 
22,  496 
306,  801 
219,  049 

5,  763 
7,  355 

568, 381 


1889 


£ 

36,  306 
24,  280 
279, 578 
335,  312 

16, 459 
7, 119 


3,  372,  219 


44,  034 
17, 146 
37,  834 
230, 711 
183, 431 
390, 434 

38, 868 
54, 271 
93, 461 
9, 166 
26, 863 
12,  867 
81,  774 
21, 532 
510,  334 
200, 116 
1,  242,  797 

11, 547 
15,  036 
8,  925 
21, 227 
66,  909 
62, 160 
29, 180 
68, 164 
41, 338 


3,  520, 125 


6, 826 
16,  333 
32,  778 
21,  645 
209,  533 
245, 636 
269, 588 

13, 739 
3, 439 


819,  517 


4,  339,  642 


679,  054 


5, 715, 089 


55, 691 

16,  000 
55, 463 

233,  837 
200, 404 
478, 648 

44, 745 
73, 027 
199,  567 
11,  792 
17, 107 

17,  787 
90, 239 
14, 640 

423, 763 
256,  260 
1,  645, 212 

14, 792 
18,165 
4,  737 
20, 737 
64,  672 
53,  061 
31, 429 
73, 533 
44,  081 


1890  1891 


1892 


4, 159,  389 


4, 323 
41,436 
43,  270 
15,  313 
114. 123 
204, 780 
305, 512 

17,312 
6, 416 


752, 485 


4,  911,  874 


616 


WOOL  AMI)  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Exports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of  (the  Produce  and  Manufac 

QUANTITIES— Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 


Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures- 
Continued. 
Worsted  fabrics — Continued. 
Coatings,  broad,  all  wool — 

Sweden  and  Norway  

Denmark  

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France  

Portugal,  Azores,  and  Ma- 
deira  

Spain  and  Canaries  

Italy  

Austria  Hungary  

Turkey  

Japan  

United  States  

West  Indies  (other  than 
British)  

Peru  

Chile  

Brazil  

Uruguay  

Argentine  Republic  

Other  foreign  „  

Total  foreign  


1.888 


Yards 


1889 


Jar  (Ik. 


1890 


British  South  Africa  

British  East  Indies  

Australasia  

British  North  America  

British  West  Indies  and 

British  Guiana. 
Other  British  Possessions. . 


Yards. 
28,  000 
32,  800 
641,  800 
191,  700 
541,  500 
1,  520, 100 

45, 400 
108. 100 
1,  046,  400 
113,  800 
67,  200 
102, 400 
7,  462,  400 

32, 900 
39,  900 
105,  300 
214,  900 
53,  300 
217,  500 
186,  300 


1891 


12,  751,  700 


Total  British  Posses- 
sions  


48,  400 
207,  500 
746,  400 
364,  400 

51,  500 
33.  000 


1892 


Yards. 
52,  800 
36,  600 
631, 400 
150,  000 
451,  400 
1,260, 400 

46,  900  j 
108,000  j 

1,082,600  j 
81,900  | 
89,400  I 
60,800  ' 

5, 579,  700 

22,  900 
47, 300 
82,  600 
325,  200 
28,  300 
274,  900 
311,  300 


10,  724,400 


57,  000 
249,  800 
1, 126, 800 
537,  600 

53,  200 
57,  200 


1,451,  200 


Total  I  14, 

Coating,  broad,  mixed- 
Germany   

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France  

Spain  and  Canaries  

Italy  

Austria- Hungary  

Greece  

Turkey  

Japan  

United  States  

Chile  

Brazil  

Uruguay  

Argentine  Republic  

Other  foreign  : 

Total  foreign  


202,  900 


85,  400 
411, 500 
274,  500 
704, 200 
51,800 
186,  200 
44,  700 
50, 100 
97,  600 
50,  000 
016,  300 
50,  000 
109,  500 
201,  000 
302,  500 
156,  800 


2,  071,  600 


12,  796,  000 


3,  852, 100 


135, 700 
512,  700 
234, 000 
559,  400 
58,  700 
133,  800 

39,  800 

40,  900 
101,  400 

50,  700 
506,  600 

36,  300 
124, 100 

73,  600 
273, 200 
191,  600 


3,  072,  500 


Yards. 
43,  600 
41, 400 
615,  200 
123,  400 
444,  800 
1, 146,  600 


115,  000 
1,111,  000 
80, 100 
107, 400 
110,  900 
10, 180, 500 

19,  600 
37,  500 
380,  900 
277, 100 
89, 400 
833, 000 
279,  900 


16,  037,  300 


68,  000 
224,  600 
781,  900 
589, 900 

62, 100 
42, 000 


1,  768,  500 


17,  805,  800 


86,  500 
345,  300 
103,  700 
484,  300 
49, 100 
85,  300 
43,  800 
83,  60u 
203,  800 
72,  900 
345,  400 
94,  800 
121, 500 
105, 100 
412,  400 
138,  300 


2.  775,  800 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  617 
tuke  of  the  United  Kingdom),  from  the  United  Kingdom— Continued. 


VALUES— Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 

1888 

1889 

1800 

1891 

1892 

>\  oolon  and  'worsted  manut  net  nivs 
Con  tin  tied . 
A\  orsted  fabrics — Continued. 
Coatings,  broad,  all  wool — 

i 

(5.  835 
7,  234 

158, 233 
45, 773 

121, 059 

I  £ 

12,  400 
7,  625 
164, 448 
35, 036 
93,  258 
354,  016 

12, 270 
26,  005 
209,  446 
22,  912 
16, 495 
10, 636 
1, 014,  705 

5,206 
10,  509 
21,  908 
63, 337 

7, 032 
56, 194 
70,  663 

9,  950 
8,  915 
159,  705 
26, 364 
87,  915 
311, 226 

410, 404 

ii,  to 

25,  848 
219, 576 
30,  881 
11, 905 
21,  566 
1,518,418 

7,  213 

8,  397 
23,  335 
47,  526 
16,  501 
50,  684 
44, 437 

Portugal,  Azores,  and  Ma- 

27,  589 
197, 151 
21, 055 
21,  543 
15,  529 
1,  609, 921 

4,338 
7,  323 
80, 855 
. 48, 601 
18,  796 
163,  697 
62,  551 

Italv   

Austria- TTnnsfflrv  i  

Turkey  

United  States  

"West  Indies  (other  than 
British)  

1 

Pern   

Chile  1  

Brazil    1  

Uruguay    

Argentine  Republic  

Other  foreign  

Total  foreign  

British  South  Africa  

British  East  Indies  

—  

2,  787,  676 

2,  214, 101 

2, 883, 024 

10,  960 
35, 589 
180,  563 
81, 274 

10, 136 
7,  712 

12,  557 
40,  020 
249,  503 
113, 626 

10, 016 
9,  927 

15,  236 
36,  060 
179,  874 
119, 084 

11, 681 
6, 911 

Australasia  

British  North  America 
British  West  Indies  and 
British  Guiana  

Other  British  Possessions 
Total  British  Posses- 
sions   



326,  234 

435,  649 

368, 846 

Total  

 .  

3, 113,  910 

2,  649,  750 

3,  251, 870 

Coating,  broad,  mixed- 
German  v  

16, 152 
46, 139 
31,  779 
157,290 
8,  348 
23,  306 
5, 784 
4, 565 
9, 818 
5,820 
171,  748 
6,  639 
14,497 
22, 149 
36,  833 
19,  058 

18, 301 
55,  083 

24,  204 
134,  382 

8,  668 

21,  521 
4,434 
4,  090 

10,  050 
4,306 

76, 430 
4,#062 

14,*921 
7,  921 

25,  612 

22,  723 

12,  694 
37, 164 
12,  636 
117,  231 

7, 180 
12,  366 

4, 846 

9,  327 
21, 426 

6, 966 
45, 153 
10, 817 
12, 733 
11, 499 
33, 331 
16,310 

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France  

i 

Italy  

Austria-Hungary  

• 

Japan  

United  States   

Chile  

Brazil  

 1 

............ 

Total  foreign  

579, 925 

436,  708 

371, 679 

618 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Exports  of  Wool  and  Manufactures  of  (the  Produce  and  Manufac 

QUANTITIES— Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
F,vpr>T?TTrr) 

Ej    i:  v  '  1 1  i.  x  ^  i  '  • 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures — 
Continued. 
Worsted  fabrics — Continued. 

Coatings,  broad, mixed — Cont'd. 

Yards. 

Yards. 

Yards. 
24, 100 
162, 400 
171,  000 
757,  900 

44,  500 

34, 500 

Yards. 
33, 400 
223,  500 
341,000 
737,  500 

43, 800 

23,  800 

Yards. 
24, 900 
209,  500 
367, 200 
799, 900 

46, 200 
21, 600 

"Rrit.iftTi  North  A-mfvrir.fl  

....  

British  West  Indies  and  ! 

Othftr  Rritiah  Possessions  :    

Total  British  Posses  - 

1, 194, 400 

1, 403,  000 

1, 469,  300 

Total  

5, 046, 500 

4, 475,  500 

4, 245, 100 

Coatings,  narrow,  all  wool — 

82, 300 
16,  300 
33, 100 
1, 442,  400 
73,  500 
79, 200 
23, 400 
574, 100 
27,  000 
98, 400 

33, 000 

34,700 

17,  500 
1,194, 700 
27,  800 
44,  500 

14, 800 
1,  393,  200 
30,  700 
46,  400 

Italy  

464,  600 

518, 400 
28, 500 
97, 400 

126,  900 

! 

2,  449,  700 

1,  909,  000 

2, 164, 100 

17, 400 

65, 600 
396,  700 
165,  400 

41, 300 

28, 100 
70, 800 
584,  000 
250,  600 
30, 200 

37,  900 
109,  300 
401, 400 
301,  400 

21,  200 

British  North  America   .  . . 

Other  British  Possessions  . 
Total  British  Possessions 
Totax  

1 

 !  

686,  400 

963,  700 

871, 200 

'  

3, 136, 100 

3, 035,  300 

Coatings,  narrow,  mixed— 
Germanv  

■■; - 

97,  400 
3, 284,  400 
207,  900 

86, 100 

45, 100 
263,  700 

21, 500 
223,  000 

243, 500 
3, 138,  000 
153, 500 
61, 100 

207, 500 
2, 841,200 
46, 700 
26,  800 

Swain  and  Canaries  !  

Italy  

75,  200 

112, 100 

Argentine  Republic  

147, 100 

133,  000 

Total  foreign  

4,  229,100 

3,  818,  400 

3, 367,  300 

British  South  Africa  

20,  200 
80,  100 
247,  500 
318, 900 

26,  200 
34,  300 

33,  900 
56,  000 
469,  300 
287, 500 

23,  300 
5, 200 

36,  800 
25,  800 
330,  300 
405,  000 

38, 600 
8, 000 

Bri   ih  East  Indies  

British  North  America  . 

British  West  Indies  aod 

Other  British  Possessions 

Total  British  Possessions 

727,  200 

875,  200 

844,  500 

4, 956,  300 

4,  693,  600 

4, 211,  800 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


619 


TURE  OF  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM),  FROM  THE  UNITED   KINGDOM— Continued. 

VALUES— Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 


Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures- 
Continued. 
Worsted  fabrics— Continued. 

Coatings,  broad,  mixed—  Cont'd 

British  South  Africa  

British  East  Indies  

Australasia  

British  North  America  

British  West  Indies  and 

British  Guiana  

Other  British  Possessions  . 

Total  British  Posses- 


1888 


Total . 


Coatings,  narrow,  all  wool- 
Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France   

Spain  and  Canaries  

Italy  

Japan   

United  States  

Argentine  Republic  

Other  foreign  


Total  foreign  

British  South  Africa  

British  East  Indies  

Australasia  

British  North  America  

Other  British  Possessions  . 

Total  British  Possessions 


Total . 


Coatings,  narrow,  mixed- 
Germany   

France  

Spain  and  Canaries  

Italy  

Japan  

United  States  

Argentine  Republic  

Other  foreign  


Total  foreign  

British  South  Africa  

British  East  Indies  

Australasia...  

British  North  America  

British  West  Indies  and 

British  Guiana  

Other  British  Possessions. . 


Total  British  Possessions 
Total  


1889 


181)0 


3,  751 
14, 469 
29, 189 
123, 336 

5, 447 
3,  361 


179,  553 


759,  478 


15, 824 
2, 912 
5,  390 
289,  627 

13,  748 

13,  632 
2,911 

118,  436 
3,867 

14,  729 


481,  076 


2, 451 
7, 517 
56, 039 
24, 195 
4,  973 


95, 175 


576,  251 


18,473 
433, 691 
26,  240 
10,  810 

3,738 
36,  646 

2, 017 
14, 465 


546,  080 


2,  309 
4,  641 
27,  018 
41, 742 

2,  506 
1,  669 


79,  885 


625,  965 


1891 


4, 273 
20, 033 
56, 374 
115,461 

4, 437 
2,598 


203, 176 


639,  884 


6,  314 


2,  694 
231,  498 
5, 087 
8,  998 


89, 195 


17,  758 


361,  544 


3,219 
7, 960 
78, 320 
32,  384 
3,  838 


125,  721 


487,  265 


46,  201 

426,  237 
19, 383 
6, 694 


9,749 
10, 344 


518,  608 


2,  279 

3,  866 
49, 836 
33, 526 

2,411 
457 


92,  375 


610, 983 


620 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Exports  or  Wool  and  Manufactures  of  (the  Produce  and  Manufac 

QUANTITIES— Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 


1888 


1889 


1890 


1891 


1892 


Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures — 
Continued. 
Worsted  stuffs,  dress  goods,  lin- 
ings— 
Bastings,  etc.,  all  wool- 
Sweden  and  Norway  

Denmark  

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium   

France  

Italy  

Turkey  

China  

Japan   

United  States  

Chile  

Brazil  

Other  foreign  


Yards. 


Yards. 


Yards. 
71, 100 
38, 000 
52, 400 
149,  300 
273, 200 
764, 400 
273,  300 
104,  300 
6,  808, 100 
553,  900 
948, 700 
50,  800 
97, 300 
350,  000 


Yards. 
85,  300 
34, 200 
38,  000 
122,  200 

131,  600 
506,  800 

90,  300 

132,  900 
6,  791,  200 

169,  800 
1,  349,  000 
53, 300 
71, 900 
415,  800 


Total  foreign  

British  South  Africa  

British  East  Indies  

Hongkong  

Australasia  

British  North  America  . . . 
Other  British  Possessions 


Total  British  Possessions 


Total . 


Mixed — 

Sweden  and  Norway  

Denmark  

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France  

Portugal,  Azores,  and  Ma- 
deira  

Spain  and  Canaries  

Italy  

Austria-  Hun  gary  

Greece  

Itoumania  

Turkey  

Java  

China  

Japan  

United  States  

West  Indies  (other  than 
British)  

Mexico  

Central  America  

Colombia  

Venezuela  , 


10, 534,  800 


9,  992,  300 


217,  700 
335,100 
2,141,600 
1,  804, 400 
298, 100 
80, 100 


256,  900 
351,  000 
2,  394,  300 
2,  007, 900 
786,  300 
81,  000 


4,  877,  000 


5,  877, 400 


.  15,411,800 


15,  869, 700 


1, 430, 200 
273, 800 

1,  956,  400 
6,  616, 100 

5,  005, 000 
9,  479,  400 

1,095, 800 

2,  293,  600 

6,  839,  600 
293,  200 
762,  200 
574, 300 

3,  019,  200 
785, 800 

4, 935, 100 
8, 100, 400 
48, 910, 500 

855, 000 
1,  219, 200 
196,  000 
234, 900 
353, 000 


1, 369, 700 
284,  900 
1, 885, 100 
5, 705, 100 

4,  885,  300 
8, 336,  600 

1, 109, 000 

2,  405, 800 
5. 464, 400 

201, 000 
933,  500 
914, 800 

3,  542, 100 
1, 370, 100 

5,  834,  200 

6,  953, 500 
24, 590,  500 

553,  200 
839, 100 
287, 100 
254,  200 
276,  500 


Yards. 
78, 700 
35, 100 
19,  000 
124,  200 
142, 600 
341,  200 
107,  600 
134, 800 

5,  934,  300 
198,  000 

1,  543, 500 
141, 300 
106, 200 
507, 400 


9,  413,  900 


275, 400 
333,  900 
2,  334,  200 
1,  866,  700 
1,019, 400 
118,  200 


5,  947,  800 


15,  361,  700 


1, 422, 400 
397,  800 
1,  492,  400 
4, 882,  000 

4,  911,300 
6,  980,  600 

149, 000 
2, 185,  200 
3,  868,  000 
93, 400 

890, 100 

699, 400 
3, 534, 000 

781, 800 

5,  371,  600 
5,  047,  900 

26,  481,  300 

452.  300 
868,  800 
200,  200 
210,  700 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


621 


TURK  OF  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM),  FROM  THE  UNITED   KINGDOM — Continued. 

VALUES— Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 

Woolen  and  worsted  manufactu res- 
Continued. 
Worsted  stuffs,  dress  goods,  lin- 
ings— 
Lastings,  etc.,  all  wool — 

Sweden  and  Norway  

Denmark  

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  . .  

France  

Italy  

Turkey  -  

China  

Japan  

United  States  

Chile  

Brazil  

Other  foreign  


1888 


1889 


1890 


Total  foreign  

British  Sonth  Africa  

British  East  Indies  

Hongkong  

Australasia  

British  North  America  . . . 
Other  British  Possessions 

Total  British  Possessions 

Total  


£ 

3, 900 
2, 197 
3, 758 
9, 379 
14, 687 
35,  052 
11,  293 
4,  692 
251, 182 
23, 643 
62, 017 
2,  495 
4,296 
16,  912 


445, 503 


Mixed — 

Sweden  and  Norway  

Denmark  

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France  

Portugal,  Azores,  and  Ma- 
deira   

Spain  and  Canaries  

Italy  

Austria-Hungary  

Greece  

Roumania  

Turkey  

Java  

China  

Japan  

United  States  

West  Indies  (other  than 
British)  

Mexico  

Central  America  

Colombia  

Venezuela  ,  


11,  388 
17,  247 
79, 849 
108,  934 
17, 188 
5,  036 


239, 642 
685, 145 


50,  547 
10,  384 
71,  647 
240, 725 
185,  551 
410,  937 

31, 323 
68, 203 
177, 922 

14,  256 
21,  598 

15,  562 
86, 114 
20,103 

188,  066 
307,  695 
, 841, 809 


1891 


£ 

4,  610 
2,  391 
3,788 
8,  099 
8,361 

26,  599 
6,115 
7,  679 
263, 673 
7, 175 

89,  720 
2, 759 
4,  226 

24, 225 


459, 420 


14,420 
18,  012 
95,  701 
131, 154 
51, 050 
5, 046 


315,  383 
774, 803 


51,997 
11, 797 
65, 181 
212,  719 
176, 427 
366, 694 

31,  619 
76, 185 
147, 670 
8,  224 
26,  346 
26,  264 
105,  056 
35,  899 
217, 750 
255,  383 
857, 187 


23,  211 

16,  949 

13, 157 

20, 991 

17,  218 

18, 192 

5,  246 

9, 453 

5,923 

6,  609 

7, 163 

5, 765 

8, 762 

6,530 

1892 


4,566 
2, 289 
1,472 
7,  768 
9,  003 
21,  027 
6,  542 

6,  819 
225,  206 

10, 013 
103, 713 

7,  377 
6,947 

28,  587 


441,  329 


16, 172 
17, 256 
77, 936 
120,  282 
66,  566 
7,560 


305,  772 


747, 101 


48, 073 
14,  913 
54, 672 
188, 367 
192, 503 
326, 791 

3,  833 
71,  587 
113, 103 
6, 130 
28, 735 
19, 456 
103,  799 
22,  332 
198, 951 
167, 395 
912, 441 


622  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Exports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of  (the  Produce  and  Manufac 


QUANTITIES-Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

"WTz-wrvlckYl      O  T~l  /I     TX7T»7"«l^',Afl    Tit  ti  Till  fn.O  tillTAS— 
V>  OOJ 1  11     diUtiL     TV  \J±  O  Lvyll   111 <l  -LI  111  CXV^  V HI  \j o 

/^rkTrf  lTin  &{\ 
\j\Jll  bill  UCUi 

TVorsted  stuffs   dress  °"ood8,  lin- 
ings— Con  tinned . 

"M"i  -v-prl  PoTiti  n  n  p,f  I 

Yards. 

Yards. 

Yards. 
187, 300 
791  100 
1,  784,  700 
1, 958, 100 
1, 031,  600 
1,  373,  000 
724, 800 

Yards. 
191, 700 

<OD,  4UU 

628,  600 
1,486,200 
289,  000 
798,  400 
.     658, 700 

Yards. 

332,  500 

Do/,  OUU 

1, 934, 800 
1,  797, 700 

476,  700 
1, 792, 100 

558, 300 

Chile  -  

113,  079,  300 

82, 814,  700 

78,  399,  900 

British  South  Africa  

929, 400 
1,  273, 600 
263, 600 

1  7ftO 

3, 433, 000 
8,  250, 800 

606,  500 
368,  000 

1,  004, 500 
2, 133,  300 
353,  700 
9  t&t\  enn 

<£,  0<£0,  OUU 

5, 128, 600 
9, 014, 300 

453, 900 
394,  200 

1, 061, 500 
2, 465,  200 
333,  000 

9  R09  1AA 
<£,  DU^,  1UU 

3, 391, 400 
8, 816,  000 

435, 600 
425, 800 

Australasia  

British  North  America  

British  "West  Indies  and 
British  Guiana  

Other  British  Possessions 
Total  British  Possessions 
Total  

16,  587,  600 

21, 008, 300 

19, 530, 600 

129,  666,  900 

103,823,000  |  97,930,500 

Damasks,  tapestry  and  other  furni- 
ture stuffs— 

54,  900 
28,  900 
25, 500 

55, 300 
40, 100 
30, 200 

23, 600 
34,  300 
32,  200 

Australasia  

Other  British  Possessions 

Total  

109,  300 

125, 600 

90, 100 

Wool  and  mohair  plushes — 

United  States  

68,  500 
26,  300 
1 0.  500 

18, 100 
53,  900 
23. 900 

54,  500 
25,  500 

Total  

105,  300 

95,  900 

80, 000 

Flannels- 
United  States  

74, 300 
82, 900 

251, 300 
•    3, 135,  600 
63, 100 

543, 200 

DU,  oUU 

94,  000 
314,  500 
3,  709,  900 
83,  200 
462,  700 

32,400 
62,  000 

643, 000 
2,  637, 100 
36, 300 

594,  600 

28, 900 
65, 400 
149, 600 
391,  800 

34, 300 
77, 400 
330, 400 
225, 600 
111,  000 
422, 900 

Other  foreign  

Total  foreign  

British  South  Africa  

British  North  America  

British  "West  Indies  and  Brit- 

536, 400 

4, 150, 400 

4, 714, 600 

4,  005, 400 

1, 172, 100 

1,  201,  600 

730,  800 
1, 416,  700 

174,  600 
8,  689,  900 
1,  039,  800 

648,  600 

755, 400 
1, 132, 000 

144, 300 
6, 731, 300 
1, 186, 900 

624, 800 

727, 300 
1,  260, 700 
99,  300 
5, 930, 100 

729, 200 

626, 100 

661, 900 
1,  344,  500 
88,  500 
6,  751,  300 

759, 500 

612, 500 

619, 500 
1, 059.  500 
66, 200 
4, 744,200 

920, 700 

837, 900 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


623 


TURE  OF  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM),  FROM  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM — Continued. 

VALUES — Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 


Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures — 
Continued. 
"Worsted  stnff,  dress  goods,  lin- 
ings—Continued. 
Mixed — Continued. 

Ecuador  

Peru  

Chile  

Brazil  

Uruguay  

Argentine  Republic  

Other  foreign  


1888 


1889 


Total  foreign  

British  South  Africa  

British  India  

Straits  Settlements  

Hongkong  

Australasia  

British  North  America  

British  West  Indies  and 

British  Guiana  

Other  British  Possessions  - 

Total  British  Possessions 


Total  

Damasks,  tapestry,  and  other  fu- 
ture stuffs— 

Foreign  countries  

Australasia  

Other  British  Possessions . 


Total . 


Wool  and  mohair  plushes- 
United  States  

Other  foreign  

British  Possessions  

Total  


Flannels- 
Belgium   

China  

Japan  

United  States  

Argentine  Republic  . 
Other  foreign  

Total  foreign  . . 


5,643 
5,  008 
11, 611 

108,  646 
5,  514 
23,  274 


159, 696 


British  South  Africa  

British  East  Indies  

Hongkong  

Australasia  

British  North  America  

British  West  Indies  and  Brit- 
ish Guiana  , 


25,  525 
45, 560 
5,  718 
290, 592 
34,  944 

18, 148 


3,  201 
5.  517 

13,  761 
145, 435 
3,937 

24, 612 


1890 


£ 

5, 842 
22, 615 
42, 794 
60,  442 
29,  923 
38, 198 
22,  818 


4,  029,  893 


32,  304 
48, 979 
10, 098 
53, 420 
131, 188 
230, 619 

17, 498 
11, 506 


535, 612 


4, 565,  505 


1891 


5,  077 
20,  718 
16,  656 
46, 138 

9,  257 
24,  298 
21, 083 


2,  872, 938 


34, 714 
75, 961 
12, 168 
89, 430 
193, 131 
242,  756 

14,  923 
12, 705 


675.  788 


3,  548,  726 


5,472 
5, 181 
3, 083 


13,  736 


5, 918 

5, 556 
3,351 


14, 825 


12,  878 
5, 693 
1, 856 


20,  427 


196, 463 


1,394 
3,  507 

29, 306 
104, 307 
1, 442 

26,  788 


166,  744 


28, 105 
40, 779 
4,424  i 
224, 629 
40, 923 

19, 250 


25,  961 
46,  206 
4,  206 
200, 145 
25, 045 

18, 630 


4,427 
8, 628 
4, 828 


17,  883 


1, 707 
3, 772 
7, 126 
16, 259 


25,  393 


54,  257 


23,  625 
52, 268 

3,  007 
228, 566 

24,  303 

17, 373 


1892 


& 

7, 074 

15, 031 
45,  777 
55,  447 
15, 015 
55,  916 
17,  677 


2,  728,  055 


38, 313 
85, 046 
12,  091 
89,  208 
147,  770 
252,  635 

14, 164 
14, 176 


653, 403 


3,  381, 458 


%  619 
4,794 

2,  567 


10, 980 


8,304 
4, 669 


12, 973 


2, 188 
3, 639 

14, 674 
8, 506 
3,952 

20,  330 


53,  289 


22, 059 
42, 809 
2,  920 
157,  593 
30,  970 

23,637 


624 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL 


Exports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of  (the  Produce  and  Manufac 

QUANTITIES  -Continued . 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

EXPORTED. 

Woolen  find,  worsted,  manufactures — 

Continued. 

Flannels— Continued. 

Yards 

Yards. 

Yards. 

Yards. 

Yards. 

Other  British  Possessions  

187,600 

192.  800 

190,  300 

309,  300 

146,  700 

Total  British  Possessions 

12,  888,  000 

10,  767,  500 

9,  563,  000 

10,  527,  500 

8,  394,  700 

Total 

17, 038, 400 

15,  482, 100 

13,  568,  400 

11  699  fiOO 

Q  ^Qfi  300 

Q  TYlilt         TWit"   Vk**ill<T   T*  11  (TCI  

Vy'ttl           tt>,  J-IO  l>    UtJII^    1  ll^jO  

199, 100 

218,  100 

194, 100 

149.  900 

1'1'J  ^00 

npTniiflvii' 

100,  400 

107, 900 

92,  900 

80,  400 

104  200 

Grermanv 

227, 200 

242,  800 

263,  400 

257, 500 

191,  100 

447,  300 

504,  200 

484, 500 

446,  700 

*i0r)  800 

Bel°  iuni 

42G,  500 

281,  000 

294,  500 

299,  300 

290,  400 

France 

1,  610, 100 

1,  307,  600 

1,  280,  000 

1,  333,  700 

1,  217  500 

Portugal 

128,  800 

173, 900 

128,  200 

116, 300 

18,  900 

586,  700 

608,  000 

649,  300 

665,  200 

577,  600 

Italy 

207, 600 

237,  700 

184,  200 

177, 100 

137,  600 

Roumania 

55,  800 

55,  800 

65, 600 

102,  200 

68,  900 

Turkey 

186,  800 

192,  400 

266,  300 

207, 100 

243,  600 

Eo"\TTlt, 

155,  600 

114, 100 

163,  400 

212, 100 

192,  200 

Japan  . 

106,  300 

116,  400 

104.  500 

113,  500 

44,  900 

United  States  

917, 900 

990,  700 

I',  065,  900 

768, 900 

752,  300 

Mexico  

125, 100 

123,  800 

161, 400 

206,  300 

114,000 

Peru  

103,  300 

94,  700 

123, 100 

104, 100 

130,  900 

Chile  

380, 300 

492,  800 

398,  200 

230,  500 

739,  500 

Uruguay   

152,  500 

210, 400 

208,  700 

34. 500 

•  21,100 

686,  600 

904, 700 

305, 600 

204,  800 

167, 000 

Other  foreign  

250,  300 

275,  600 

374, 100 

333,  500 

236, 300 

Total  foreign  

7,  060,  200 

7,  252,  600 

6,  807,  900 

6,  043,  600 

5,  886,  000 

British  South  Africa  

102,  900 

153,  700 

150,  700 

139,  300 

154,  400 

87  500 

JU,  uuv 

290  200 

1 90  1 00 

10Q  OOO 

Australasia  

2, 411,  900 

1,  943,  200 

1,  658,  800 

1,  942, 400 

1,  042,  200 

British  North  vYmerica 

2, 172, 600 

2,  577, 100 

1, 926,  600 

2,  216,  200 

2, 118,  200 

Other  British  Possessions 

65,  500 

66,  800 

72,  900 

76,  200 

57,  600 

Total  British  Possessions 

4,  840,  400 

4,  837,  400 

3,  929,  200 

4,  494,  200 

3, 480,  600 

Total  

11,900.  600 

12, 090,  000 

10,  737, 100 

10,  537,  800 

9,  366,  600 

Blankets  

Pair, 

Pairs . 

Pairs . 

Pairs 

Fairs. 

2, 623 

2,  066 

2,  610 

2,  085 

Turkey 

6,  302 

9,  327 

7, 429 

3,  833 

"Rcrvnt 

5,  624 

3,  207 

5,  729 

4.  486 

8, 435 

13, 777 

7  461 

6  498 

6  273 

12  293 

9,  200 

3  605 

12  569 

8  357 

China 

22, 978 

3,576 

15, 056 

13, 467 

11,  996 

254  647 

OOl; 

128  801 

279  fifil 

39,  254 

32, 988 

55,  541 

80,  425 

38, 659 

17, 123 

15, 737 

27,  372 

37, 468 

20,  666 

Chile  

35, 922 

59, 254 

34,  711 

.  60,535 

66,  352 

92,  081 

79, 495 

62,  081 

92, 467 

89,  730 

Uruguay  .*  

18,  242 

25, 934 

29, 354 

11, 118 

10, 754 

42,  712 

41,890 

53,  568 

29,  857 

20,  505 

Other  foreign  

78,  586 

67,  094 

57,  424 

70, 651 

43,  056 

619,  462 

742, 473 

660,  561 

558, 381 

610, 362 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  625 


TURK  OF  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM),  FROM  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM— Continued. 

VALUES— Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures- 



Continued. 

Flannels — Continued. 

So 

it 

Other  British  Possessions  

7,  391 

8, 495 

8,  459 

12,  943 

5,  384 

Total  BritishPossessions 

427,  878 

366,  605 

328,  652 

362,  085 

285,  372 

Total  

587, 574 

563,  068 

495,  396 

416, 342 

338,  661 

Carpets,  not  being  rugs — 



 T  

21  868 

24  410 

20  847 

17  130 

15  300 

14  709 

14  608 

12  348 

11  518 

13  781 

•50,  L6v 

*iQ  9A7 
•>0,  wO/ 

i>0,  iJOO 

**7  i",70 

27  ^91 

f»f*  Q7S 

OO,  ViO 

62,  545 

01,  (oD 

54,  208 

01,  Ol i 

1Q  R71 
4o,  0  1 1 

•Jo,  054 

or.  KKO 
OO,  OOZ 

Q9  0^7 

o yo/ 

39  078 

198 

J-£0,  ^iJO 

108  442 

99  571 

107  614 

96  610 

12  834 

16  689 

13,  464 

12  404 

2  917 

7QQ 

K~l  Q71 
01,  oil 

56  384 

49,  663 

21  703 

lo,  <6i»l 

16  894 

13  729 

4, 960 

4,  916 

O,  OoO 

9  868 

16  197 

16  504 

21  012 

')Q  054 

20  590 

•Egypt  

13  798 

10  843 

15  442 

21  041 

16  472 

8  245 

8  803 

9  213 

8  736 

3,  002 

United  States  

135,  445 

164,  787 

160,  673 

127, 141 

118,  583 

13,  210 

10,  768 

16,  374 

20,  651 

12,  234 

Peru  

9, 889 

9,  675 

11, 4.99 

10,  336 

11,975 

Chile  

39,  778 

51, 551 

43,  996 

22,  390 

69, 062 

Uruguay   

19,  261 

27,  617 

23, 417 

5,  057 

2,  056 

Argentine  Republic  

85,  934 

Ul,  720 

39,  308 

25, 615 

18, 335 

22,  582 

25, 143 

35,  792 

31,  872 

22, 810 

Total  foreign  

759, 437 

817,  532 

732,  447 

649,  449 

614, 492 

10, 362 

16,  409 

15,  938 

14,  509 

16,  704 

9,  566 

10,  289 

13,  533 

12,  325 

11, 419 

Australasia  

254, 679 

199,  275 

174, 525 

203, 534 

106, 191 

186,  969 

221, 275 

171, 860 

203,  995 

201,  661 

6,  510 

6,  726 

6,  788 

6,  893 

5,  675 

Total  British  Possessions 

468,  086 

453,  974 

382,  644 

441,  256 

341,  650 

Total  

1,  227,  523 

1,  271,  506 

1,115,  091 

1,  090,  705 

956, 142 

Blankets — 

2,  260 
2,  869 
1, 468 

2,  010 
3, 676 
1,  985 

2,  735 

2  008 

1,  445 

2,  747 

Tnrkev :     

2,  053 
1,  671 

Egypt  

2,944 

Western  Africa  (other  than 

British)  

2,  707 
1,  857 

1,  710 
945 

2, 136 

1  636 
1,  989 

2,  481 

2,  623 

5, 881 

1,  732 

6, 167 

5,  495 

4, 157 

67,  741 

LIU,  Dyo 

c\n  QAA 
95,  8UU 

44,  692 

ol,  IM4 

Central  America  

13,  579 

10,  988 

18,  890 

26, 348 

12,  974 

Colombia  

5,  224 

5, 151 

8,  035 

10,300 

6,  335 

Chile  

9,  417 

16,  092 

9,  850 

16,  441 

17, 717 

23, 564 

23,  540 

15, 231 

29,  335 

26,  705 

Uruguay  

8,  373 

9, 648 

10,  391 

4,  298 

3,671 

Argentine  Republic  

15, 896 

15, 348 

16,  096 

8, 478 

5,  364 

28, 139 

21,310 

18, 296 

22, 525 

12,  960 

Total  foreign  

183,  239 

225,  668 

209,082 

179, 130 

180,  742 

H.  Mis,  94  40 


626  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Exports  of  Wool  and  Manufactures  of  (the  Produce  and  Makufac 

QUANTITIES— Continued 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 

1888 



1880 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures — 

Continued. 

Blankets — Continued. 

Pairs. 

Pairs. 

Pairs. 

Pairs. 

Pairs. 

British  South  Africa  

169,  753 

160,  012 

216,  416 

149,  992 

134,  358 

British  East  Indies  

72,  845 

57,  521 

87, 485 

74, 974 

67,  665 

Straits  Settlements 

74,  297 

54,  875 

65,  799 

53,  592 

23  507 

Hongkong  

63,  657 

31,  528 

48, 949 

45,  393 

43,463 

375, 997 

479, 915 

414, 996 

452,  792 

343,  066 

British  North  America  

39, 485 

35, 015 

30, 196 

26,  342 

30, 350 

British  West  Indies  and  Brit- 

9,  782 

10, 229 

17, 022 

18, 449 

19,  967 

Other  British  Possessions  

9,  048 

7,  888 

11,  503 

14,  062 

7,  765 

Total  British  Possessions 

814,  864 

836,  983 

892,  366 

835,  596 

670, 168 

Total  

1, 434,  326 

1,  579,  456 

1, 552,  927 

1, 393,  977 

1,  280,  530 

Shawls — 

Number. 

Number. 

Number. 

Number. 

Number. 

19,  295 

53,  908 

40,  459 

France  

14,  029 

12,  882 

13, 697 

12, 528 

5,  677 

Spain  and  Canaries 

11,  213 

13,  262 

11,  324 

7,  058 

6,  983 

Turkey  

10, 917 

23, 307 

12,  274 

40,  004 

27, 128 

United  States  

190,  366 

165,  647 

124,  692 

85, 417 

62,  976 

Colombia  

58, 151 

65, 085 

39,  019 

42,  246 

27,  411 

Uruguay  

24, 018 

15,  059 

22,  652 

6,  613 

4,  767 

.Argentine  Republic  

20, 158 

25,  729 

13,  039 

5,  887 

Other  foreign  

101,  071 

92,  960 

113, 443 

119,  265 

47,  532 

Total  foreign  

429,  923 

413,  931 

369,  435 

367, 039 

228,  820 

British  South  Africa  

65,  399 

96,  299 

123,  020 

95,  315 

114, 431 

British  East  Indies  

476,  349 

520,  068 

496, 424 

279,  360 

297, 844 

31, 131 

34,  780 

OO  AOfl 

oo,  Uov 

31,  585 

41), 

British  North  America  

68,  027 

78,  628 

45,  571 

51, 820 

74,  111 

Other  British  Possessions  

51,  660 

33, 228 

45,  963 

73, 952 

26,  402 

Total  British  Possessions 

692,  566 

763,  003 

744, 058 

532, 032 

539,  053 

Total  . . . 

1, 122,  489 

1, 176,  934 

1, 113, 493 

899,  071 

767,  873 

Rugs,  coverlets,  or  wrappers — 

13,  909 

13, 573 

14,  404 

9, 381 

22, 119 

18,  672 

23,  560 

19,  831 

20,  348 

35,  606 

35,  584 

43,  729 

33,  957 

ZJ,  v  to 

34,  405 

33,  575 

39, 375 

38, 980 

oo  nno 
Zo,  UUo 

49,  818 

43, 090 

55,  919 

48,  653 

52, 235 

Prance  

132,  977 

149,  008 

147,  848 

146,  786 

1 OO  070 

70,  824 

69,  336 

49,  898 

61,  390 

69, 937 

Italy  

69,  944 

95, 230 

79, 042 

94,  544 

81,  008 

9, 075 

11,  308 

13,  098 

9,  492 

O  lie: 

18,  058 

36, 178 

68, 472 

14,  641 

1  i ,  i  O  i 

15  136 

19  063 

20  566 

31,  000 

22,  065 

Japan  

22,  767 

47, 635 

52,  620 

29, 184 

26,  922 

United  States  

202, 041 

68,  840 

37,  630 

16,  313 

21, 184 

Brazil  

134,  351 

125, 427 

1 39,  754 

191,  863 

179, 876 

Uruguay  

36, 013 

27,  056 

33,  994 

16,  890 

12,  469 

59, 428 

•88,  548 

47,  013 

15, 171 

13,  256 

Other  foreign  

85,  201 

100,  022 

114,  464 

118,  252 

91,  447 

997,  763 

982,  481 

980,  555 

901,  351 

805, 783 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  627 


TURE  OF  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM),  FROM  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM— Continued. 

VALUES— Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 

1888 

1889 



1890 

1891 

1892 

Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures — 

Continued. 

Blankets — Continued. 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

'British  South  Africa  

72,  695 

77, 064 

115, 263 

81, 192 

70,  807 

1 9  363 

14  611 

AO,  OVif 

22  100 

17  r;i7 

23, 873 

15,  832 

20,  464 

18, 695 

8, 163 

36,  950 

18,  937 

33,  660 

30,  588 

25,  471 

148,  930 

200, 257 

177,  977 

196,  467 

139, 792 

British  North  America  

15,  049 

14, 113 

13, 119 

12,  013 

12,  512 

British  West  Indies  and  Brit- 

2,  978 

2, 543 

4,  626 

4,  682 

5, 199 

Other  British  Possessions  

3, 174 

2,  839 

4, 228 

4,  696 

2,  625 

Total  Briti  sh  Possession  s 

323,  012 

346, 196 

392,  646 

370,  433 

282,  086 

Total 

506,  251 

571, 864 

601,  728 

549,  563 

462,  828 

Sha  wis — 

2,712 

6, 251 

4,  562 

3  056 

3  099 

3  248 

2  595 

1  024 

Spain  and  Canaries  

1,966 

2,352 

1,  983 

1,  573 

1,210 

Turkey  

1,408 

2,545 

2,  278 

4, 266 

2,  806 

United  States.  

74,  864 

71,  579 

47,  555 

36,  567 

27,  958 

7,  396 

9,  718 

7,  230 

8, 174 

4,  771 

Uruguay  

10, 402 

6, 127 

11,  322 

3, 157 

1,971 

Argentine  Republic  

7,469 

9, 991 

4,  916 

1, 651 

Other  foreign  

17, 905 

18, 425 

22, 921 

20, 254 

10,  024 

Total  foreign  

124, 466 

123, 836 

104, 165 

82,  837 

55, 977 

British  South  Africa  

13,  637 

19,  585 

26,  952 

20,  371 

22, 883 

British  East  Indies  

41, 257 

48, 251 

34,  575 

31, 169 

31,  377 

Australasia  

5, 282 

6,114 

6,  558 

5,434 

4,677 

17, 179 

20,  017 

11, 161 

13,  259 

16,  742 

5,  479 

4, 426 

6,  073 

7,970 

3,179 

Total  British  Possessions 

82,  834 

98, 393 

85,  319 

78, 203 

78,  858 

Total  

207,  300 

222  229 

189, 484 

161,  040 

134, 835 

Hugs,  coverlets,  or  wrappers — 

5, 090 

4, 532 

4,  920 

3,795 

9, 836 

8,  357 

10,  641 

8,  796 

8,  826 

12,  741 

14, 183 

14,  863 

12, 764 

7, 590 

8, 342 

9, 277 

10, 430 

9,  681 

6,  719 

12,  579 

12,  667 

14,  228 

12,  291 

11,  980 

France  

54, 575 

52, 016 

50, 452 

44,  671 

41,  471 

Spain  and  Canaries  

11, 095 

10,  211 

8, 686 

10,  019 

11, 400 

Italy  

14, 453 

16, 768 

14, 435 

16, 416 

12,  893 

Austria-Hungary  

4,187 

5, 291 

6,  294 

4,  802 

1,628 

Portuguese  Africa 

3  613 

7, 334 

Q  Q1/I 

o,  yi4 

4,  303 

4,  612 

6, 485 

7, 843 

9, 932 

7,469 

Japan  

5, 495 

10,  403 

14,  216 

8,  284 

8,  497 

United  States  

39,  600 

27, 390 

17,  965 

8,488 

8,  673 

24, 195 

17,  856 

22, 579 

28,  577 

24,  201 

9,  220 

6, 143 

6,  879 

3, 566 

2, 435 

Argentine  Republic  

15, 802 

19, 177 

10, 282 

3,  317 

2, 468 

Other  foreign  

24,  059 

26,  420 

30, 469 

32,  252 

23,  740 

Total  foreign   

254,  404 

255, 068 

258, 758 

222,  690 

188, 088 

628 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Exports  of  Wool  and  Manufactures  of  (the  Produce  and  Manufac 

QUANTITIES— Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 


"Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures — 
Continued. 
Rugs,  coverlets,  or  wrappers — Con 
tinued. 

British  South  Africa  

British  East  Indies  

Hongkong   

Australasia  

British  North  America  

Other  British  Possessions  


Total  British  Possessions  

Total  


Hosiery — 

Sweden  and  Norway  

Denmark  

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

Trance  

Spain  and  Canaries  

Italy  

Greece  

Turkey  

Japan  

United  States  

Chile  

Argentine  Republic  

Other  foreign  

Total  foreign  

British  South  Africa  

British  East  Indies  

Australasia  

British  North  America  

British  West  Indies  and  Guiana 
Other  British  Possessions  

Total  British  Possessions  

Total  


1888 


Number. 
575, 471 
109,  075 
13,  478 
138,  749 
19, 867 
5, 494 


862, 134 


1,859,  897 


1889 


Number. 
567,  508 
147,  512 
11,837 
1 32,  586 
14, 076 
7,  060 


880,  579 


1,  863,  060 


1890 


Number. 
706,  309 
141, 113 
'  11, 115 
126, 154 
12,  977 
7,  608 


1. 005,  276 


1,  985,  831 


1891 


Number. 
475, 125 
105,  955 
10,  343 
165, 367 
18, 181 
13,  799 


1892 


Number. 
517, 123 
118,  064 
7, 502 
123,  478 
19, 175 
11, 109 


788,770  j  796.451 


1, 690, 121 


1,  602,  234 


Small  wares,  and  manufactures  of 
wool  or  worsted,  unenuiuerated— 

Russia  

Sweden  and  Norway  

Germany  

Netherlands  

Belgium  

France  

Spain  and  Canaries  

United  States  

Other  foreign  

Total  foreign  , ... 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  629 

TURE  OF  TILE  UNITED  KINGDOM),  FROM  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM— Continued. 


VALUES— Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures — 

Continued. 

Rugs,  coverlets,  or  wrappers — Con- 

tinued. 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

140, 626 

141, 979 

192,  936 

130,  352 

129, 410 

18, 430 

21  841 

9ft  JQ9 

91  *\QQ 

9Q  9AQ 

4, 715 

4,147 

3, 946 

3, 590 

2,  558 

43,  S33 

39, 179 

38, 371 

46, 864 

32, 987 

5, 465 

4,265 

4, 637 

6, 767 

5, 559 

1, 402 

1, 680 

1, 750 

3,300 

2, 446 

Total  British  Possessions  

213, 971 

213, 091 

268, 122 

212, 472 

196,  209 

468, 375 

468, 159 

526,  880 

435, 162 

384,  297 

Hosiery — 

6,745 

10, 898 

9, 028 

7,  808 

6, 787 

Denmark  .................. 

7,493 

7, 922 

6, 856 

7,  541 

8,  576 

Germany  

24, 424 

25, 990 

26, 057 

25,  879 

19, 246 

12,  765 

10, 601 

8, 021 

5, 043 

3, 859 

22,  474 

19, 173 

26,  851 

20,  233 

11,  961 

France  

11, 686 

20, 460 

22,  247 

20,  843 

17,  643 

6, 849 

10,  732 

8, 438 

8, 056 

7,  693 

Italy  

10, 943 

8,  536 

6, 800 

5,  693 

5,  017 

7, 127 

6,  548 

7, 903 

6, 257 

3, 857 

15,  639 

22, 429 

30, 013 

24, 990 

22, 143 

Japan  

6,  990 

9,  548 

11,960 

7,  706 

3, 985 

United  States  

178,  533 

219, 304 

238, 084 

144,  236 

109, 338 

Chile  

6,  783 

9,710 

7, 515 

4, 576 

10,  833 

13, 720 

13, 274 

10, 888 

3,421 

6,  035 

26, 940 

34,  897 

34, 749 

27, 001 

22, 098 

Total  foreign  

359,  111 

430,  022 

455, 410 

319, 283 

259,  071 

British  South  Africa  

27,  552 

45,  936 

47, 714 

39, 196 

42, 881 

22  296 

22, 109 

24  402 

31  055 

31  307 

Australasia  -  

179, 872 

204,  959 

228, 104 

278,  231 

241,  026 

British  North  America  . 

152, 497 

165, 174 

140, 197 

138,  574 

151, 440 

British  West  Indies  and  Guiana 

6, 585 

6, 791 

5,  914 

4, 666 

4, 851 

Other  British  Possessions  

9,893 

10, 611 

11,  939 

10, 631 

9, 064 

Total  British  Possessions  

398,  695 

455, 580 

458, 270 

502,  353 

480, 569 

757,  806 

885,  602 

913,  680 

821, 636 

739, 640 

Small  wares,  and  manufactures  of 

wool  or  worsted,  unenumerated  

Russia 

4,  598 

7, 501 

9, 316 

9,  569 

12, 859 

Sweden  and  Norway  

10, 447 

9, 593 

10, 408 

10,  809 

14,  734 

11, 108 

6, 751 

7, 258 

9,358 

7, 166 

"NTtfi'f'.Ti  fiT*1  q  n  f\ q 

3  372 

2  923 

2  517 

2, 164 

2. 444 

4,051 

3,  573 

3,058 

3, 687 

2, 907 

8,  685 

8,  671 

11,721 

13, 021 

7,  600 

Spain  and  Canaries  

4, 023 

3,983 

2, 701 

3,  024 

3,  805 

31, 296 

24, 233 

25, 649 

15, 199 

16, 235 

31, 700 

28, 071 

25, 921 

26, 292 

23,  681 

Total  foreign  

109, 280  j 

95,  299 

98, 549 

93, 123 

91,431 

630  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL, 

Exports  of  Wool,  and  Manufactures  of  (the  Produce  and  Manufac 


QUANTITIES— Con  tinned. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Woolen  and  worsted  manufactures — 
Continued. 
Small  wares,  and  manufactures  of 
wooJ,orworsted,unenumerated — 
Continued . 

Yards. 

Yards. 

Yards. 

Yards. 

x  aras. 





'  "t 

Other  British  Possessions  



Total  British  Possessions  

 !  '  

Total  

WOOL   AND   MAN  UF AOTT  U  LS   ofr    WOOL,  631 
TURE  OF  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM),  FROM  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM  -Continued* 


VALUES— Continued. 


ARTICLES  AND  COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH 
EXPORTED. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

WruYlfn  anfl   "w^m'Q'f-.Pil  m ati n far tn TP4_ 

>  >  V'U  Iv;  11   aLHl     WUIOICU    1 M  txll  U  1  cX  v.- 1;  11 1  v~v3 

Continued. 

Olliclll   v\  tilcS,    dJLLU  UlaUUlal/ldlro  111 

wool,  or  worsted,  unenumerated — 

Continued. 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

3.  792 

3,461 

5,  009 

2,  867 

2, 249 

39,  088 

30,  914 

39,  700 

37,  344 

23,  590 

7,530 

4,  696 

8,147 

9, 964 

6,  412 

20,  095 

18,  042 

15,  586 

19,  621 

17,  992 

British  North  America  

40,  443 

34,  356 

26,  824 

25,  897 

25, 529 

Other  British  Possessions  

5,  413 

4,  811 

5, 676 

7,454 

5,  690 

Total  British  Possessions  

Total  

110, 361 

96,  280 

100,  942 

103, 147 

81,  462 

225, 641 

191,  579 

199,  491 

196,  270 

172, 893 

THE  EAST. 


It  is  in  dealing  with  the  statistics  of  Eastern  countries  the  greatest 
difficulty  is  encountered  of  securing  even  an  approximation  to  a  correct 
estimate  of  the  number  of  sheep  and  their  product  in  wool..  From  the 
English  consular  reports  I  have  prepared  a  statement  of  exports  so  far 
as  they  are  given.  ISo  attempt  has  been  made  to  reduce  the  weights 
to  a  common  unit,  as  there  is  no  guide  for  so  doing,  no  common  denom- 
inator for  bales,  packages,  and  bundles,  all  of  which  terms  are  employed. 
This  compilation  will  be  found  in  the  appended  tables.  I  have  sup- 
plemented  it  by  a  summary  of  certain  reports,  submitted  to  the  Depart- 
ment of  State  by  U.  S.  consular  representatives  in  Eastern  countries  in 
the  year  1891.  The  subject  is  of  interest  from  the  standpoint  of  the 
wool  manufacturers  of  this  country,  because  of  the  important  contribu- 
tion s  of  wools  of  the  third  class,  derived  from  these  countries.  In  1893 
more  than  one-fourth  of  the  total  importations  of  that  class  were 
obtained  from  the  two  countries,  China  and  Turkey  in  Asia,  and  it  is 
very  probable  the  imports  assigned  to  other  countries  were  in  reality 
produced  in  these  or  neighboring  lands.  I  shall  begin  with  the  largest 
of  the  contributors,  China. 


CHINA. 

Consul-General  Leonard  reported  February  1, 1891,  that  the  bulk  of 
what  is  commercially  known  as  China  wool  comes  from  Mongolia.  The 
flocks  vary  in  size  from  500  to  2,000  head,  and  the  wool  comes  to  the 
market  as  ball,  loose,  rope  and  lamb's  wool.  Generally  the  wool  is 
gathered  by  shearing;  but  in  ball  wool,  which  comes  from  Chi-li,  the 
wool  is  combed  with  wide  combs  from  the  backs  of  the  sheep  and 
afterwards  twisted  up  into  balls.  Eope  wool  is  so  called  because  it  is 
made  up  in  coils  in  the  interior  for  transportation  to  seaboard.  A  bale 
weighs  about  150  pounds  avoirdupois.  Until  within  a  few  years  the 
exportation  of  wool  from  China  was  trifling.    The  following  table  shows 

635 


f>36  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

the  amount  exported  in  piculs  of  133£  pounds  avoirdupois  each  from 
Shanghai  during  the  years  1880  to  1890: 


YEARS. 

Piculs. 

Pounds. 

1880   

5, 923  *43 

789, 790 

1881   

7, 277  -51 

970,  334 

1882   

8,  699  -17 

1, 159, 889 

1883  

13, 742  -54 

1,  829, 005 

19, 889  -63 

2, 651,  950 

3885  

24,  344  -88 

3, 245, 984 

1886  

26,  065  -81 

3, 475,  441 

1887  

38,  570  -14 

5, 142,  685 

1888  

49,  950  -19 

6,  660,  025 

1889  

73,  906  -49 

9,  854, 199 

1890  

•  80,143-91 

30,  685,855 

From  the  British  Statistical  Abstract  I  take  the  following  figures, 
showing  the  imports  from  all  China,  exclusive  of  Hongkong. 


CHINA,  EXCLUSIVE  OF  HONGKONG. 


Exports  raw  wool. 

Imports 

Average* 

YEARS. 

manufac- 

value of 

tures  of 

Haikwan 

Quantity. 

Value. 

wool. 

tael. 

Piculs. 

JS.  taels. 

H.  taels. 

$.  d. 

1881  

5, 986 

39,  000 

5, 854, 000 

5  eh 

1882   

22, 755 

199,  000 

4,  496, 000 

5  8£ 

1883   

33, 825 

275, 000 

3,  893, 000 

5  7± 

1884  

34,  799 

269,  000 

3, 710,  000 

5  7 

1885  

43,  005 

328, 000 

4,  824,  000 

5  3* 

1886   

48,  360 

454, 000 

5,  631, 000 

5  0£ 

1887   

56,  261 

460,  000 

5,  425,  000 

4  10i 

1888   

81,  789 

654, 000 

5,  098, 000 

4  8£- 

1889  

102, 182 

934, 000 

3,  975,  000 

4  8| 

1890   

98,  739 

853,  000 

3,  643, 000 

5  21 

1891  

135,  363 

1, 112,  000 

4, 695, 000 

4  14 

I  should  not  omit  to  revert  to  the  great  and  growing  importance  of  the  trade  in 
sheeps'  wool  from  northern  China,  described  above.  It  is  evident  that  this  commerce 
may  well  assume  huge  dimensions  and  become  one  of  the  principal  exports  of  Man- 
churia and  Mongolia. 

On  this  subject  Her  Majesty's  consul  at  Tientsin* says  that  every  year  wool  is  col- 
lected from  more  and  more  remote  regions  from  Mongolia,  the  province  of  Kansuh, 
and  northern  Thibet.  It  is  all  brought  to  the  town  of  Kuei  Hwa  Cheng,  the  great 
entrepot  for  wool,  where  it  is  repacked  and  dispatched  to  Tientsin. 

The  difficulties  of  transport  are  great ;  sometimes,  when  camels  are  scarce,  wool 
has  to  be  left  at  Kuei  Hwa  Cheng  for  six  months,  waiting  for  the  next  season,  when 
camels  can  be  obtained. 

The  natives  up-country  exercise  no  care  in  sorting  or  packing  the  wool ;  dirt  and 
sand  are  willfully  mixed  into  the  strands ;  and,  although  the  foreign  merchants  at 
Tientsin,  who  buy  by  weight,  deduct  for  all  the  dirt  thrown  out  by  the  cleaning 
machines,  still  the  practice  continues,  and  a  large  quantity  of  sand  is  transported  in 
the  wool  from  distant  localities  to  Tientsin,  at  a  cost  of  something  like  15s.  per  cwt. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


637 


In  sorting  out  the  sheeps'  and  goats'  wool  a  small  lump  is  occasionally  found  of 
exceeding  fine  quality,  which  would  command  a  high  price  if  it  could  be  obtained 
in  any  quantity ;  but  the  first  hands  who  collect  the  wool  in  the  remote  west  have, 
not  yet  found  it  worth  their  while  to  separate  the  different  sorts. 

Some  years  ago  half  a  dozen  merino  rams  were  sent  no  to  Mongolia.  It  speaks 
much  for  the  expertness  of  the  New  York  customs  officials  that  in  due  course  they 
detected  the  improvement  in  the  wool,  and  made  inquiries  as  to  whether  merino 
wool  was  exported  from  Tientsin. 

It  might  have  been  expected  that  the  carpets  made  locally  of  sheeps'  and  camels' 
wool  would  be  more  largely  exported  than  is  actually  the  case.  The  cheapest  qual- 
ity cost  about  4tf.  per  square  foot. 

There  are  no  regular  factories,  the  makers  work  in  their  own  houses,  and  it  is 
seldom  that  more  than  one  carpet  is  made  at  once. 

Left  to  themselves  the  Chinese  work  in  the  same  groove,  and  make  no  attempt  to 
improve,  but  under  foreign  supervision  much  better  work  could  be  turned  out. 
With  artistic  designs,  fast  colors,  and  a  neater  finish,  there  is  little  doubt  that  a 
very  superior  article  could  be  produced,  and  with  such  cheap  materials  and  labor  it- 
seems  as  if  a  profitable  trade  could  be  developed,  (a) 


JAPAN. 

Quantities  and  Values  of  Wool  and  Manufactures  of  Wool  Imported  into 

Japan,  1868  to  1892. 


[One  catty  equals  1,333  pounds.   One  yen  equals  99.7  cents.] 


YEARS. 

Wool. 

Woolen  yarn. 

Alpacas. 

Balzarine. 

Catties. 

Yen. 

Catties. 

Ten. 

Yards. 

Yen. 

Yards. 

Yen. 

1 



1871  

1872  

1873  





1874  

427 
84 
3,892 

560 
1,384 
1,203 
5,  866 

1,  345 
7,  531 
5,  212 

2,  601 
16, 154 
76, 575 

260,  244 
145,  493 
224,151 
443,  624 
164,  547 
453, 353 

497. 79 
149. 48 
4,  790. 25 
878. 75 

1,  448. 08 
1,231. 45 

3,  639. 15 

2,  022. 30 

4,  043.  06 
2, 993.  94 
2, 322.  58 

10,  218.  37 
60, 831. 11 
255,  301.  63 
165, 294. 58 
256, 112.  31 
494, 316. 19 
168, 384.  60 
427,  992.  83 

44, 162 

92, 136 
65,  339 
38, 321 
112, 913 
71, 857 
205,  002 
2,  374 
804 
10, 083 
11, 700 
14,  553 
17,  859 
18, 578 
20,  923 
11,  229 
13,  247 
4,  622 
9,  855 

8,  931.  72 
15,  774.  07 

11,  745.  30 
7,  098.  41 

26,  840.  56 

12,  643.  61 
26,  551. 18 

598.  32 
217. 00 

1,  516.  79 

2,  531.  22 
2, 167.  68 
2,658  79 

L875  

1876  

1877  

1878  

1879  

1880  

1881  

1882  

1883  

273, 16S 
153, 691 
255,  238 
500, 339 
689,  267 

866,  364 
658, 819 

867,  652 
490, 075 
843, 233 

89,  845. 48 
42,  518.  58 
75,  385. 18 
100,  001.58 
189, 899.  02 
300,  368.  61 
302,  085. 48 
369,  913. 96 
206,  547. 50 
302,  501, 64 

68,  265 
130,  942 
20, 190 

7, 384. 12 
12,  555.  22 
1, 900.  81 

1884  

18&5  

1886  

1887  

3, 198. 18 
4, 322. 05 
3,  562.  25 
2,  503.  97 
980.  51 
2,  591.07 

1888  

1889  

2,  895 
38,  536 

361.  87 
5, 532.  00 

1890  

1891  

1892  

51,216 

6,  351.  09 

%  a  British  Consular  Report,  No.  1280. 


638 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Quantities  and  Values  of  Wool  and  Manufactures  of  Wool  Imported  into 

Japan,  etc. — Continued. 


1868. 
1869. 
1870. 
1871. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1889. 
1890. 
1891. 
1892. 


Blankets. 


Catties. 
328, 453 
837, 886 
225,  283 
251,  307 
636, 108 
672, 462 
183, 135 
740, 137 
247,  701 
960,  727 
758, 152 
379,  754 
593,  502 
523,  979 
462,  436 
620, 140 
633, 003 
484, 337 
922, 364 
1, 489, 894 
1,  085, 095 
1, 414, 589 
1, 128, 396 
500,  331 
981, 249 


Yen. 
172v258.  52 
557,  853. 12 

91, 447. 10 
117, 560.  57 
272,  679. 48 
414, 149. 45 

90, 392.  69 
359, 004. 56 
127, 611. 86 
460,  206. 94 
339,  682.  69 
175, 413. 49 
284, 775.  74 
231,  861. 06 
210, 136.  92 
278,  868.  55 
279, 824.  64 
207, 871. 42 
362,  883. 51 
581,631. 75 
543, 663. 04 
725,  336. 54 
572,  227. 45 
251,743.  88 
528,  973.  36 


Buntings. 


Yards. 


2, 376 
20, 445 
50,  800 
49, 012 
55,  720 
70, 282 
20, 177 
53,  965 
35, 776 
96,  924 
19,  701 
37, 006 
46,  740 
46,  333 
33, 758 
21,881 
20, 709 
27, 130 

164,  764 
46, 180 
42,  689 

142, 357 
41,  098 
35, 468 


Yen. 
1, 138. 86 
171. 30 
2,  886.  00 
14, 223. 06 
18, 181.  55 
8, 903.  52 
11,  805. 76 

5,  319. 17 

6,  775. 95 
4, 356. 53 

10, 498. 24 

2,  089.  74 
4, 016. 77 
4, 495. 05 
4,  443. 06 

3,  262. 07 
2,  217. 65 
1, 880. 75 
2,  924.  25 

15, 037. 98 
5, 482. 22 
5, 204. 40 

15,  840. 01 

4,  389. 17 
4, 175.  53 


Camlets. 


Yards. 
1,  348, 990 
1,  845,  688 
525, 788 
167, 882 
174,  955 

132,  603 

133,  939 
205,  610 

52,  873 
90,  283 
101, 061 
23,  217 
65,  690 
58,  807 
36,  808 
29,  768 
18,687 
18, 631 
29,  663 
32, 165 
26,  682 
52,  579 
12,  929 
47, 188 
42, 168 


Yen. 
403, 924. 42 
546,  039.  86 
151, 160. 14 
55, 489. 62 
48, 128. 98 
46,  599.  09 
34,  863. 43 
56, 397. 46 
13,  719. 45 

24,  827.  25 

25,  942.  99 
6, 181.  06 

18,  066.  48 
13, 799. 78 
7, 790.  31 
5, 872.  25 
3,  365.  48 
3,  637.  85 
5, 550.  52 
6, 067.  07 
5, 410.  41 
10, 139. 47 
2,  682.  54 
8, 469.  93 
7, 929. 24 


Camlet  cords. 


Yards. 


146,  875 
3,586 
19,  545 
40, 352 
30,  536 


23, 477 
39,  701 
98,  216 
7,  592 
29, 102 
22, 905 
10, 546 


27, 100 
4, 454 
6, 112 
9, 497 


Yen. 


32,  636. 93 
789.  00 
3, 238.  24 
7, 118. 08 
4, 182.  57 


2, 994.  50 
5,  080.  07 
11, 996.  07 
1, 189. 45 
3, 812. 32 
2,  883.  52 
2,  017. 52 


4,  073. 19 
574. 17 
787.44 

1,  984.  92 


1869 . . 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1872.. 
1873.. 
1874.. 
1875.. 
1876.. 
1877.. 
1878.. 
1879.. 
1880.. 
1881.. 
1882.. 
1883.. 
1884.. 
1885.. 
1886.. 
1887.. 
1888.. 
1889.'. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1892.. 


China  figures. 


Yards. 


Yen. 


255,  694 

24,  284.  05 

83, 013 

7, 915. 91 

5, 930 

639. 03 

3, 000 

323.  37 

70, 058 

6,  786. 42 

99,  519 

12, 049. 82 

50, 471 

5,  994. 50 

48,  570 

5,  948.  07 

9,  097 

1,  060. 66 

38, 310 

4, 851.  51 

Flannels. 


Yards. 
39, 551 
14, 260 
28,  223 
30, 163 
317, 670 
731, 465 
108, 072 
180,  372 
133, 315 
459,  897 
622,  320 
126,  971 
100,  489 
216, 426 
375, 017 
343, 645 
633,  775 
1, 079,  354 
1,  237,  572 
1,  321,  946 
1,  814,  247 
3, 434, 115 
3,  079, 465 
1,  388,  078 
3, 380,  202 


Yen. 

10,745. 45 
5, 498.  01 
8, 098.  62 
8,  513.  66 
105,  324. 24 
224,  031.  99 
30,  229. 04 
45, 694.  70 
39, 896. 11 
130,  578.  04 
170,  982. 59 
34, 357.  53 
28, 348.  03 
60,  316.  77 
105,  784.  93 
94,  582.  61 
172,  587.  69 
287, 181. 72 
318, 180. 47 
323,  779.  50 
549, 356. 53 
1,  029,  985.  92 
927,  562. 46 
406,  859.  98 
1,  073,  742. 89 


Italian  cloths. 


Yards. 
13,  820 


106,  542 
24,758 


585, 435 
205, 448 
818, 881 
774,  676 
2, 097,  966 

1,  520, 397 

3,  089,  258 
4,355,  706 

2,  671, 966 
2,  676, 351 
4, 749,  796 
2, 480,  938 

4,  453,  409 

4,  811, 162 

5,  255,  875 

6,  782, 216 
5, 943,  055 

7,  265,  466 
8, 103,  839 
4,  526,  748 


Yen. 
2, 785. 61 


42, 616.  65 
17, 759. 48 


155, 
50, 
214, 
188, 
496, 
339, 
651. 
891, 
531, 
573, 
995, 
450, 
828, 
857, 
921, 
1,  485, 
1, 378, 
1,  686, 
1,846, 
1,  062, 


615.  62 
694. 81 
480.  04 
081. 29 
813.  66 
929. 16 
429.  02 
827.  08 
494.  60 
091.  05 
337.  77 
055.  26 
037.  07 
662. 10 
059.  09 
851.  65 
641.  74 
328. 42 
571. 75 


Lastings. 


Yards. 
22, 062 


Yen. 
7, 738. 02 


665,  714 
13, 720 


303, 835 
384,  496 
653,  832 
527, 417 
541, 579 
646,  681 
201,  747 
220, 540 

56, 986 
9, 159 
105,  698 
120, 192 

66, 452 
144,  651 
111,  199 

60,  799 

60,  946 


109,  839.  23 
4,  646.  00 


59, 684. 52 
90, 306.  75 
137,109.63 
103, 024. 83 
89, 153.  36 
122,  433. 74 

46,  949.  26 

47,  732. 12 
12,  336.  32 

2, 557.  01 
26, 623.  29 

28,  742.  31 
19,  305.  81 
38,  021. 88 

29,  646.  68 
15, 122.  82 
16, 157. 91 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


639 


Quantities  and  Values  of  Wool  and  Manufactures  of  Wool  Imported  into 

Japan,  etc. — Continued. 


YEARS. 

Long  ells. 

Lusters. 

Mousseline  de  Laine. 

Orleans. 

Yards. 

Yen. 

Yards. 

Yen. 

Yards. 

Yen. 

Yards. 

Yen. 

1868   

54,  560 

14,880.  50 

347, 460 

73.  278.  40 

881,  210 

142, 525.  60 

1869   

55,  081 

19, 176.  65 

1870   

162,  707 

65,  539.  55 

1871     . . . 

126, 180 

46, 435.  80 

1872  

172,  931 

53,  262. 13 

4, 495,  344 

887,  932.  05 

1873  

63,  733 

20, 108, 04 

705,  302 

127,  671.  20 

5,  053, 427 

1,  076, 443. 

86 

224,  565 

37,  774.10 

1874  

61,576 

19,  819.  61 

114, 918 

19,  540. 11 

4,  752,  524 

981,  237. 

17 

1,  910, 404 

338,  525.  02 

1875 

53, 736 

16, 116,  20 

398,  029 

67,  219. 28 

10, 197, 172 

2,  393, 157. 

56 

3, 988,  434 

671, 925. 34 

1876  

72, 138 

25,  549.  71 

361,  518 

55,  567.  70 

10, 8V19,  785 

2,  263,  273. 

43 

1,  553, 662 

244,  634. 14 

1877  

78, 219 

27,  917.  21 

444, 428 

69,  326.  06 

11,  901, 189 

2,373,  621. 

20 

1,  297,  829 

196, 118. 15 

1878  

63, 564 

22,  872. 96 

274, 339 

39,  349.  66 

13,  626, 117 

2,  693,  766. 

90 

2,  086,  376 

277,  062.  31 

1879  

85,  599 

28,  010, 86 

242, 893 

30,  488.  89 

17,  301,  218 

3, 126,  042. 

55 

2,  974,  302 

369,  859. 45 

1880  

63,  358 

21,  291. 44 

176,  362 

18,  884.  42 

20,  946,  299 

3, 478,  056. 

83 

1,  448,  032 

173,  337.  90 

1881  

82,  955 

28,  946,  86 

348,  885 

41, 679. 19 

15,  863, 192 

2, 709, 341. 

11 

1,  382, 183 

145, 671.  93 

1882  

56,  495 

15,  985.  78 

38, 448 

3, 953. 98 

8,  873,  846 

1, 221, 784. 

80 

746, 908 

75, 297. 32 

1883...... 

36,  615 

9,  604. 58 

54,  352 

5, 397.  60 

11,  297,560 

1,  618,  072. 

40 

358, 932 

34,  820. 13 

1884  

59, 158 

15,  600. 46 

101,  427 

10,  271.  33 

14,  607,  355 

1,  839,  997. 

61 

338,  362 

33,  658.  76 

1885  

36,  951 

9,  785. 61 

151,  852 

14,  958.  67 

7, 802,  765 

906,  616. 

92 

341,703 

32,  650. 36 

1886...... 

72, 986 

19,  746. 29 

40,  077 

3, 476.  22 

7,  911, 824 

830, 773. 

53 

255, 168 

20,  451.  92 

1887...... 

88,  275 

24,  368.  68 

77, 208 

8,  221. 81 

9, 587,  308 

1, 126,  675. 

23 

418, 438 

39,  024.  89 

62, 187 

15,  830. 40 

44, 204 

5, 172. 69 

16, 047, 310 

2, 364,  092 

45 

349,  853 

39,  320. 39 

1889.... 

99,  637 

25,  840.  25 

50, 403 

6,  367.  90 

13.  918, 284 

1,  979,  344. 

30 

294, 012 

31, 919. 87 

1890  

92,  309 

22,  572. 96 

81, 424 

8,  931. 33 

19, 342, 501 

2, 784, 393 

26 

244, 112 

27,  680. 40 

1891  

59,  868 

14,  035.  63 

4,  905 

576. 47 

14, 323, 831 

1,  891,  883 

87 

152, 943 

15,  266. 95 

1892  

60,  383 

14,  761. 17 

4,  627 

605. 98 

18,  009, 643 

2, 448,  899 

73 

177, 231 

20, 151. 33 

YEARS. 

Serges. 

Yards. 

Yen. 

1868.... 

1869.... 

1872.... 

1873.... 

1874.... 

13,  912. 75 

1875.... 

662 

128. 70 

1876. . . . 

1,412 

750.  49 

1877.... 

31, 791 

14,  830.  73 

1878.... 

64,  325 

26, 388. 85 

1879. . . . 

66, 065 

34, 007. 34 

1880.... 

52, 837 

27, 036. 39 

1881---. 

32,  217 

12,  825. 12 

1882.... 

34, 711 

19, 291.  S8 

1883.... 

85, 137 

40, 176.  04 

1884.... 

59,  047 

23. 415. 12 

J885.... 

60,  571 

26, 143. 86 

1886.... 

57, 160 

21,  809. 91 

1887.... 

90,  040 

38,  714. 60 

1888.... 

173,  87Q 

82, 185. 43 

1889.... 

145, 830 

86,  832.  42 

1890.... 

109,  541 

63, 446.  56 

1891.... 

80,883 

58, 922.  09 

1892.... 

87,  056 

62, 556. 15 

Spanish  stripes, 


Yards. 

Yen. 

10, 657 

4,  200. 

S8 

3,473 

2,  778.  66 

8, 038 

18,  690. 

14 

10, 136 

29,  660.  73 

7, 036 

6, 148. 14 

3,163 

2, 467. 

70 

9, 486 

6, 622. 

81 

10, 161 

7,  387. 

79 

22, 521 

1,  365. 

04 

12,  287 

9, 645. 

GO 

25,  694 

18,  974. 

74 

3, 112 

2, 742. 

35 

10,  459 

7, 705. 

18 

8,  807 

5,  879. 

22 

7,  248 

5,  748. 

99 

5,  625 

3,  997. 

70 

2,582 

1, 866. 

59 

6,  371 

3,  814. 

72 

5, 007 

2, 719. 

30 

4,910 

3,  212. 

83 

4,441 

2,  861. 

58 

10, 109 

5,  527. 

89 

4,  039 

2, 823- 

33 

3,  319 

2, 234. 

48 

5, 492 

3,  215. 

51 

Traveling 
rugs. 


No. 


Yen. 


8,199 
11, 548 

7,  649 
16, 517 
43, 624 


11, 350.  91 
23, 054. 35 
19,  611. 52 
34, 532. 23 
74,  563. 40 


25,543  45,900.02 


Woolen  cloths. 


Yards. 
194, 049 
461, 156 
437, 237 
436.  574 
1, 261,  868 
1,  038, 158 
84, 102 
1, 845,  247 
1, 970, 407 
490, 738 
503,  393 
157, 447 
143, 224 
75,  329 
157, 469 
169,  834 
377, 171 
364,  763 
620,  557 
1, 449,  089 
967,  509 
450,  047 
743,  648 
401,  375 
627,  067 


Yen. 
235,  344.93 
606, 171. 25 
646,  306. 18 
840,  039. 02 
036, 480. 47 
320, 895. 77 
112, 886. 79 
530,  868. 19 
594,  600. 90 
684, 936. 13 
702,  653. 31 
212, 109. 05 
188, 484.  03 
89,  234. 63 
181, 881. 34 
192, 120.  69 
467,  641.  79 
391, 904. 64 
615,  573.96 
,  402, 809.  26 
041,539.  33 
606,  322. 97 
901, 130. 25 
432, 000. 60 
640, 417. 13 


Woolen  cloths, 
in  part  of  wool. 


Yards. 


Yen. 


197, 
170, 
192, 
505, 
1,  075, 
448, 
521, 
382, 
137, 
413, 


68. 

82, 
198, 
501, 
225, 
195, 
155, 

64, 
196, 


577.  99 
072.  03 
439. 61 
547. 20 
927.  78 
263.  56 
824.  53 
198.  36 
945.  85 
618.  05 


640 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Quantities  and  Values  of  Wool  and  Manufactures  of  Wool  Imported  into 

Japan,  etc. — Continued. 


Woolen 
damasks. 


Woolen  piece  goods, 
unenumerated. 


Woolon  and  cotton 
mixtures,  unenu- 
merated. 


Total  wool 
and  manfg.  of. 


1868. 
1869. 
1870. 
1871. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877., 
1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882., 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888! 
1889. 
1890. 
1891. 
1892. 


Yards. 


Yen. 


162 
78 


20 
72 
198 
153 
1,  721 
1,113 
1,452 
1,339 
9,  398 
22,  374 
24,  572 
3,533 
7,  574 
18,  479 
21,  725 


158.  57 
20.  00 


25.  02 
11.47 
120,  60 
88.  46 
1,132.  65! 
701.  34l 
981.  29[ 
698.  07 
3,819. 55 
9, 158. 14 
8,  233. 94| 
2, 049. 45! 
3,  401,  68| 
9, 153.  67 
6,  690.  34 


Yards. 
418,  778 
656, 413 

2,  218, 176 
3, 190, 117 

3,  992,  804 
841, 192 
791, 146 

1,  312,  759 
633, 617 
318,  646 
134,  662 
284, 157 
239,  251 
378,  053 
53,  435 
31,114 
15, 154 
29,  655 
11,  581 
55,  778 
117,  580 
14, 413 
13,888 
5,  352 
7,  025 


Yen. 
127,  723, 
478,  558, 
628, 144. 
952,  996. 
,  768, 766. 
322,  829. 
191,513 
319,  518. 
103,  061. 
81,  553. 
47, 587. 
42,  643. 
38,  231 
61, 071. 
9, 119. 
7,  287. 
9, 765. 
7, 955. 
3, 958. 
22,  585. 
29, 326. 
5,  213. 
5, 369. 
2, 269. 
3,  015. 


Yards 
4, 172,  822 
2, 135,  797 

5,  302,  766 

6,  507,  729 
5,  332,  921 

10,  726,  032 
5, 145, 329 
6, 504,  681 
2, 179,  061 
1,  907, 493 
3,  084, 153 
07  2,486,776 
21  2,789,814 
96|  2,493,992 
58  1,725,486 


34 


212,  925 
127,  306 
253,  513 
184, 212 
232,  085 
332, 949 
131,  516 
242, 417 
99,  862 
235, 850 


Yen. 
923, 834. 47 
696,  611. 32 
132,  707.  72 
920, 297. 28 
292,  364. 99 
608,  041. 16 
304,  370.  90 
399, 857. 97 
472, 480.  23 
631,  923.  34 
873,  484.  05 
639,  550. 06 
774,  639.  38 
511,  225.  07 
353,  891. 01 
65,  859. 99 
*40,  043. 15 
75,  872.  78 
55,  037.  35 
53,  837.  57 
93,  040.  73 

33,  795. 67 
74,  244. 42 

34,  074. 41 
85,  595. 13 


TURKEY  IN  ASIA. 

From  Turkey  in  Asia,  the  United  States  imported  in  1893, 13.316,009 
pounds  of  wools  of  class  three,  valued  at  $1,202,852,  In  March,  1891, 
the  United  States  Consul-General,  at  Constantinople,  Mr.  Z.  P.  Sweeney, 
made  a  report  on  sheep  and  wool  in  Asiatic  Turkey,  from  which  I  take 
the  following  extracts: 

SHEEP  DISTRICTS. 

The  whole  of  Asiatic  Turkey  may  be  considered  as  a  wool-growing  country, 
because  every  province  of  Asia  Minor  produces  this  article  to  a  great  extent.  It  is 
interesting  to  note  that  the  quantity  produced  in  every  district  seems  to  depend 
largely  on  the  habits,  character,  and  civilization  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  respective 
provinces.  Thus  the  greatest  exportation  of  wool  in  Turkey  in  Asia,  according  to 
the  official  statistics,  is  made  from  Mesopotamia,  where  the  inhabitants  are  all 
nomads  and  have  no  other  occupation  than  taking  care  of  very  numerous  flocks  of 
sheep  and  migrating  during  the  whole  year  from  one  region  to  another,  according 
to  the  climate  and  foraging  conditions  of  the  country. 

FLOCKS. 

Flocks  of  sheep  are  not  at  all  as  numerous  in  western  and  northern  Asia  Minor  as 
in  the  valleys  of  the  Euphrates  and  Tigris.    This  is,  of  course,  due  to  the  fact  that 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


641 


in  those  parts  of  Anatolia  the  inhabitants  are  much  more  occupied  in  cultivating  the 
country  than  traveling  all  the  year  round  with  their  tents  and  flocks  of  sheep.  A 
relatively  higher  degree  of  civilization  and  less  nomad  life  doubtlessly  prevail  among 
the  people  of  Anatolia  than  those  of  the  desert  regions  of  Mesopotamia. 

WOOL  CLASSIFICATION. 

Another  important  point  which  is  generally  worth  noticing  in  Asia  Minor  is  that 
the  quality  of  the  wool  in  each  district  seems  to  be  influenced  by  the  climatic  and 
topographical  conditions  of  the  country.  Thus  the  wool  of  the  flocks  of  sheep  of 
the  plains  of  Mesopotamia,  and  which  belong  to  the  Arabs  (these  people  inhabit  the 
whole  of  the  valley  of  the  southern  Tigris  and  are  divided  into  achirets,  or  tribes, 
to  whom  belong  the  flocks  of  sheep),  and  which  pass  the  winter  outside,  owing  to 
the  mild  climate  of  the  country,  is  of  much  finer  and  cleaner  quality  than  the  wool 
of  the  flocks  of  the  north,  viz,  of  the  province  of  Koordistan,  where  the  severe 
winter  obliges  shepherds  to  keep  their  sheep  under  peculiar  roofs,  which  are  called 
aghel  in  Turkish,  and  are  always  inadequate  to  cover  the  numerous  animals,  which 
very  often  lie  in  dirt,  and  thus  the  wool  is  deteriorated  to  a  great  extent. 

WOOL- WASHING. 

If  we  continue  our  examination  by  comparing  the  different  samples  of  wool,  we 
find  that  it  is  cleaner  wherever  there  are  several  small  rivers  which  the  animals 
could  cross.  Wool  is  free  from  dust  when  the  flocks  live  in  mountainous  regions. 
There  is,  for  example,  a  far  greater  amount  of  dust  in  the  goats'  wool  coming  from 
the  plains  lying  east  of  Konieh,  or  Iconium,  than  in  that  coming  from  Angora  and 
other  regions  which  are  mountainous. 

BREEDS  OF  SHEEP. 

With  regard  to  the  different  families  of  sheep  in  Asia  Minor,  it  must  be  pointed 
out  that  there  are  actually  very  few  differences  among  the  races  of  various  districts, 
and  these  differences  can  be  divided  principally  into  two  distinct  classes.  First,  the 
flocks  of  Anatolia  (excluding  Mesopotamia)  belong,  generally,  to  the  family  known 
in  Asia  Minor  as  "  Caraman."  *  V  *  Second,  the  other  principal  family  is  tha* 
of  Mesopotamia,  but  the  sheep  belonging  to  the  same  differ  essentially,  according  to 
the  different  regions,  and  no  general  name  is  given  to  it.  "  Karadi  "  or  "  Karakash," 
"Awassi,"  "Mendelli,"  "Kerkouk,"  and  "Djaff"  are  the  names  given  to  the  differ- 
ent qualities  of  wool  produced  in  Mesopotamia.  The  fact  is  that  the  flocks  in  Meso- 
potamia have  been  crossed  with  Persian  sheep,  of  which  they  maintain  the  principal 
element  in  their  blood. 

EXPORTS. 

It  is  reported  that  35,000  bales  are  exported  yearly  from  the  whole  district  of 
Mesopotamia,  and  the  greatest  proportion  of  this  quantity  goes  to  the  United 
States. 

VILAYET  OF  ANGORA,  (a) 
*****## 

BrfJeds. — All  the  flocks  of  the  Angora  vilayet,  about  500  in  number,  belong  to 
the  well-known  Caraman  breed,  which  in  many  respects  resembles  the  crossbreed. 

Exports.— Out  of  the  total  production  of  1,835,547  okes  (&)  during  1890,  only  one- 
third  of  the  clip  of  the  Angora  district  and  half  of  the  total  clip  of  the  districts 
of  Kerch ehir  and  Yoozgat  have  been  forwarded  to  foreign  countries,  whilst  the 
remainder,  together  with  the  whole  production  of  the  district  of  Cesarea,  has 

a  Comprising  the  districts  of  Angora,  Kerchehir,  and  Yoozgat. 
b  1  oke=2.8  pounds. 

H.  Mis.  94  41 


642 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


been  appropriated  for  local  consumption.  On  the  whole,  the  exports  from  this 
vilayet  are  decreasing,  local  consumption  increasing  every  year,  especially  for  the 
manufacture  of  carpets. 

Domestic  use. — The  quantity  of  the  clip  retained  for  local  and  domestic  manu- 
facture is  used  in  making  curtains,  canvases,  carpets,  rugs,  covers,  stockings,  bags, 
and  coarse  overcoats. 

Washing  and  shearing. — In  this  vilayet  the  wool  is  never  washed  on  the  backs 
of  the  sheep,  but  only  after  being  sheared  for  the  local  use,  so  that  it  stands  about 
50  per  cent  of  the  original  weight. 

As  regards  exportation,  we  must  state  that*  washing  is  practiced,  comparatively, 
only  on  a  very  small  scale,  because  it  does  not  pay  the  exporters. 

Exports  to  the  United  States. — Nearly  all  the  washed  wool  for  export  from 
this  country  is  forwarded  to  the  United  States,  the  proportion  in  this  case  being 
about  60  per  cent  of  the  original  weight.    *    *  * 

Clip. — Each  male  sheep  of  this  vilayetis  estimated  to  give  annually  If  okes  of 
wool,  whilst  the  females  give  only  okes.  It  is  estimated  that  both  males  and 
females  exist  in  equal  numbers  in  the  flocks.  About  100,000  sheep  are  sent  from  this 
vilayet  to  Constantinople,  Smyrna,  and  Brusa  for  consumption,  and  an  equal  num- 
ber are  killed  for  local  demand,  annually. 

Shearing. — The  male  sheep  are  sheared  in  the  province  from  the  15th  to  the  30th 
of  April  and  the  females  only  towards  the  end  of  May.  During  the  year  1890, 
besides  the  1,835,547  okes,  there  were  also  100,000  okes  of  wool  sheared  from  the 
skins,  as  well  as  the  autumn  clip  of  350,000  okes. 


Number  of  Sheep  and  Production  of  Wool  in  the  Various  Districts  of  the 
Vilayet  of  Angora  in  1889  and  1890. 


NAME  OF  DISTRICT. 

Number  of  sheep. 

Production  of  wool. 

1889 

1890 

1889 

1890 

472,  742 
185,  093 
224, 377 
132, 169 

625,  840 
184,  781 
273, 157 
140,  421 

Okes. 
709, 113 
277,  639 
33C,  565 
198,  253 

Okes. 
938,  010 
277, 171 
409,  735 
210,  631 

Total  

1,  014,  381 

1,  223,  699 

1,  521,  570 

1,  835,  547 

VILAYETS  OF  BASSOBAH,  BAGDAD,  AND  MOSUL,  (a) 

Sheep  and  wool. — The  statistics  of  the  above  three  vilayets,  or  provinces,  give  a 
total  of  3,600,628  sheep  for  1888,  and  4,204,851  sheep  for  1889,  respectively.  It  must 
be  observed  that  these  figures,  although  drawn  from  official  reports,  cannot  be  relied 
upon,  because  the  official  reports  are  based  upon  the  taxes  collected  for  every  head 
of  sheep,  and  as  there  are  many  nomad  tribes  who  escape  paying  the  tax  by  crossing 
the  frontier  into  Persia  when  the  collectors  of  the  tax  arrive  and  returning  as  soon 
as  the  officials  have  left,  it  is  believed  that  the  correct  amount  for  the  year  1889  is 
6,000,000  sheep  for  the  three  vilayets  mentioned. 

From  the  aforementioned  vilayets  34,800  bales  of  wrool  were  exported  in  1888  and 
36,800  bales  in  1889,  the  net  weight  of  each  bale  ranging  from  115  to  120  okes. 

Bbeeds. — The  principal  family  of  sheep  living  in  the  provinces  of  Bassorah  and 
Bagdad  is  that  of  "  Chipal."  The  main  feature  of  this  particular  breed  is  that  the 
wool  is  rather  finer  than  the  other  kinds  exported  from  Mesopotamia,  the  only  draw- 
back being  the  great  proportion  of  colors  existing  in  their  wool.  Only  a^out  20  per 
cent  of  the  flocks  contain  white  sheep,  the  remainder  being  black,  gray,  fawn,  and 


a  Comprising  the  districts  of  Bassorah,  Amara,  Kerbela,  Bagdad,  Suleyinanie.  Kerkok,  and  Mosul. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


643 


brown.  The  Chipal  breed  is  very. common  in  these  two  provinces.  Koughly  speak- 
ing, 80  per  cent  of  the  sheep  of  this  region  belong  to  this  breed,  the  remainder  to  the 
Karakash  breed,  the  wool  of  which  is  used  for  the  manufacture  of  carpets,  whilst  the 
Chipal  wool,  known  in  the  United  States  as  "  genuine  Bagdad,"  is  used  in  the  manu- 
facture of  clothing. 

In  the  province  of  Mosul  the  predominant  breed  of  sheep  is  that  of  the  vilayet  of 
Diarbekir,  viz,  the  Arab  breed,  the  wool  of  which  is  known  in  the  United  States  as 
"Awasi ; "  the  other  breed  is  the  Karakash,  already  mentioned.  The  Arab,  or  Awasi, 
sheep  are  met  with  in  the  desert  of  Mesopotamia,  whilst  the  Karakash  sheep  gener- 
erally  live  near  the  high,  mountainous  region  of  the  frontier,  because,  their  wool 
being  much  heavier  than  the  Awasi  sheep,  they  can  not  bear  the  excessive  heat  of 
the  desert,  which  they  frequent  during  the  winter  season. 

Variety  of  wool. — It  is  interesting  to  note  that  the  climate  influences  to  a  great 
extent  the  distribution  of  the  different  herds  of  sheep  in  this  region ;  for  instance, 
the  more  we  get  to  the  south  the  wool  becomes  finer  and  finer,  changing  from  the 
Karakash  to  the  Awasi,  and  from  this  last  to  the  finest  of  all,  the  Chepal  or  Bagdad 
wool,  which  grows  in  the  warmest  districts  of  Asia  Minor.  In  the  same  way  the 
nearer  we  approach  to  the  eastern  and  mountainous  regions  the  wool  grows  coarser 
and  coarser,  so  that  the  sheep  found  in  the  mountainous  regions  of  Persia  bear  a  wool 
which  is  heavier  than  the  usual  Karakash  and  is  distinguished  from  this  wool  by  the 
name  of  "  Persian  Karakash." 

Exports. — Before  the  opening  of  the  Suez  Canal  the  wool  of  these  districts  was 
sent  to  Aleppo  and  thence  to  Marseilles,  which  was  the  principal  market  for  them. 
Lately,  however,  there  has  been  a  large  trade  with  the  United  States,  whereto  large 
quantities  are  now  being  shipped  direct  from  the  Persian  Gulf. 

Exports  from  these  districts  are  increasing  every  year,  as  local  consumption  is 
diminishing  on  account  of  the  importation  of  European  stuffs,  which  are  growing- 
more  and  more  into  favor  and  replace  local  manufactures. 

Twenty-three  thousand  and  seventy-five  bales  of  wool  were  shipped  to  London 
direct  from  the  Persian  Gulf  in  1889  and  22,400  bales  in  1890,  and  were  mostly  con- 
sumed for  the  home  trade  in  England,  only  a  small  part  being  shipped  to  the  United 
States.    *    *  * 

Washing, — In  the  vilayets  of  Bagdad  and  Bassorah  the  sheep,  before  being  sheared, 
are  washed  to  a  certain  extent  in  the  rivers,  whilst  in  the  vilayet  of  Mosul  the  wool 
is  only  washed  after  it  is  sheared,  so  that  it  shows  about  75  to  80  per  cent  of  the 
original  weight. 

Wool  classification. — The  wool  of  the  vilayet  of  Mosul  is  generally  of  the  Kara- 
kash breed,  whilst  in  Bagdad  and  Bassorah  wool  is  of  the  Chipal  breed.  The  pro- 
portion of  these  different  qualities  in  the  total  exports  of  36,800  bales  for  1889  is  as 
follows : 

Chipal  breed,  50  per  cent,  of  which  80  per  cent  was  colored  and  20  per  cent  white; 
Awasi,  30  per  cent,  of  which  80  per  cent  was  white  and  20  per  cent  colored;  Kara- 
kash, 20  per  cent,  of  which  80  per  cent  was  white  and  20  per  cent  colored. 


644 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Number  of  Sheep  In  each  Vilayet  for  1888  and  1889. 


DISTRICTS. 

Vilayet  of  Bagdad : 

Bagdad  

.  Hille  

Kerbela..-  

Imperial  farms,  excluded  from  the  official  lists  . . . 
Mosque  of  Kadrie,  excluded  from  the  official  lists 

Total  

Vilayet  of  Bassorah : 

Bassorah  

Muntefik  

Amara  

Imperial  farms,  excluded  from  official  lists  

Total  

Vilayet  of  Mosul : 

Mosul  

Kerkook  

Suleymanie  

Imperial  farms,  excluded  from  official  lists  

Total  •  


1888 

Number. 
1,  096,  033 
221,  816 
102, 156 
299,  951 
29, 131 


1,  749,  087 


30, 131 
500,  934 
213,  816 

81,000 


825,  881 


462,  660 
329,  516 
170,  484 
63,  000 


1,  025,  660 


VILAYET  OF  DIARBEKIR.  (a) 

Shearing  and  washing. — The  Arab  sheep,  before  being  sheared,  are  always  con- 
ducted through  rivers,  which  clean  them  to  a  certain  extent,  and  the  weight  of  the 
wool  diminishes  about  8  to  9  per  cent. 

Karakash  wool  is  never  washed  when  on  the  back  of  the  sheep,  but  only  after 
shearing,  losing  in  washing  from  25  to  35  per  cent. 

Arab  wool  very  often  is  washed  a  second  time  after  being  sheared. 

Domestic  use. — About  150,000  okes  are  used  for  the  same  purposes  as  in  the  other 
vilayets. 

Mohair  goats  and  sheep. — According  to  the  official  reports  there  were  in  this 
vilayet  in  1889  1,084,000  sheep,  191,000  mohair  goats,  and  799,000  black-haired  goats. 

For  the  year  1890  there  were  1,053,000  sheep,  186,000  mohair  goats,  and  751,000 
black-haired  goats.  About  2,000,000  black  goats  and  sheep  are  killed  in  the  vilayet 
every  year  and  sent  away  for  consumption. 

Clip. — The  total  clip  of  this  vilayet  is  estimated  to  be  about  1,200,000  okes,  com- 
posed of  three  distict  qualities,  viz,  40  per  cent  is  the  well-known  Karadi,  or  Kara- 
kash, quality  (the  breed  of  sheep  which  produce  this  particular  quality  is  known 
in  Asia  Minor  under  the  name  of  "Kurdestan,"  and  the  wool  is  called  "Kurd" 
wool) ;  30  per  cent  is  composed  of  a  particularly  fine  wool  called  Arab,  or  Awasi, 
wool,  the  finest  production  of  the  province ;  the  remaining  30  per  cent  is  the  poorest 
of  the  whole  production,  which  comes  from  all  parts  of  the  province. 

Breeds. — The  Arab  sheep  are  found  to  the  south  of  Mardin,  where  they  remain 
winter  and  summer,  whilst  the  Karakash  sheep  emigrate  in  summer  to  higher  regions 
towards  the  north  of  Mardin,  near  Diarbekir,  because  they  can  not  support  the 
excessive  heat  of  the  desert,  their  wool  being  much  heavier  than  that  of  the  Arab 
sheep. 

To  the  south  of  Diarbekir,  in  the  desert  region  which  lies  between  Aleppo  and  Mosul, 
there  are  about  6,000  tents  of  nomad  tribes  which  are  constantly  moving  about  and 


a  Comprising  the  districts  of  Diarbekir,  Mardin,  and  Djizire. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  645 


whose  sheep  are  not  included  in  any  of  the  official  lists.  Some  of  these  tribes  do  not 
pay  any  tax  at  all,  and  others  pay  only  insignificant  sums  as  compared  with  the  num- 
ber of  sheep  they  possess,  which  is  estimated  at  more  than  300,000  head,  with  a  wool 
production  of  about  350,000  okes.  This  wool  is  sold  by  the  tribes  as  they  go  on  their 
journey  through  the  different  provinces. 

VILAYET  OF  KASTAMOONEE.  (a) 

Breeds  and  wool. — The  flocks  of  sheep  in  this  vilayet  also  belong  to  the  Cara- 
mania  breeds,  there  being  little  difference  between  the  respective  clips  of  tlife  vari- 
ous districts.  The  wool  exported  from  the  districts  ot  Kankaree  and  Boli  is  the  finest 
of  nil,  being  full  growth  and  fine  in  quality. 

Clip. — The  total  clip  may  be  estimated  in  round  numbers  at  600,000  okes  for  the 
whole  province,  of  which  100,000  okes  only  are  exported,  whilst  the  remainder  is 
appropriated  for  local  consumption  for  the  same  purpose  as  in  the  province  of  Angora. 

Shearing  and  washing. — The  above  exports  include  10,000  okes  of  wool  exported 
on  sheepskins  forwarded  without  being  sheared  to  foreign  counties.  The  wool  is 
exported  from  this  vilayet  in  its  greasy  state,  and  it  is  only  washed  for  local  use  so 
as  to  lose  about  half  the  original  weight  of  the  sheared  wool. 

Mohair  goats. — There  are  in  this  province  about  554,840  mohair  goats. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  number  of  sheep  in  each  district  of  the  vilayet 
of  Kastamoonee  in  1890: 


Kastamoonee   169,  704 

Kankaree   122,406 

Boli   149,  601 

Sinope   65,265 

Total   506,976 


vilayet  of  konieh,  or  iconium.  (h) 

Number  of  Sheep  and  Exports  of  Wool  in  each  District  of  the  Vilayet  of 

Konieh  in  1890. 


DISTEICTS. 

Exports 
of  wool. 

Number 
of  sheep. 

Okes. 

318, 945 
150, 570 
70,  950 
66,  375 
178,  600 

495, 800 
171, 800 
98,  400 
59,  000 
195,  Q00 

Teke  

Nigdeh   

Total  

785,  440 

1,  020, 000 

Wool. — The  total  clip  in  this  province  is  more  than  1,500,000  okes,  785,440  okes  of 
which  are  exported. 

Sheep. — Roughly  speaking,  the  sheep  are  pretty  evenly  divided,  half  being  males 
and  half  females.  A  male  sheep  yields  yearly  about  2  okes  of  wool,  whilst  the  female 
yields  not  more  than  1*5  okes  per  head.  The  average  yield  is  about  1*5  okes  per  sheep 
per  year.    *    *  * 

Wool  classification. — There  is  but  very  little  difference  of  quality  between  the 
wool  of  the  vilayet  of  Konieh  and  that  of  Angora.  This  last  name  is  given  in  Europe 
and  America  to  Konieh  wool,  and  in  the  United  States  all  wool  coming  from  western 
Asia  Minor  passes  for  Angora  wool.    *    *  * 

a  Comprisirfg  the  districts  of  Kastamoonee,  Kankaree,  Boli,  and  Sinope. 

b  Comprising  the  district  of  Konieh,  Teke,  H amid  (or  Sparta),  Bordour,  and  Nigdeh. 


646 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


SHEEP  AND  WOOL  IN  SYRIA,  (a) 

The  Beirut  consular  district  is  divided  into  five  vilayets,  or  provinces,  viz:  (1) 
Adana,  with  the  city  of  Adana  as  capital  and  Mersine  as  its  seaport;  (2)  Aleppo,  of 
which  the  city  of  the  same  name  is  the  capital  and  Alexandretta  the  principal  sea- 
port; (3)  Beirut,  with  Beirut  city  as  capital  of  the  vilayet  and  principal  seaport; 
(4)  Mount  Lebanon;  and  (5)  Syria  proper.  Beirut  city  is  also  the  port  for  Mount 
Lebanon  and  for  the  villayet  of  Syria,  of  which  latter  Damascus  is  the  capital,  the 
ports  of  minor  importance  being  Tripoli,  Sidon,  Acca,  and  Haifa,  all  in  the  Beirut 
vilayet.  These  provinces,  with  the  exception  of  the  vilayet  of  Adana,  compose 
what  is  geographically  designated  as  Syria. 

The  vilayet  of  Beirut,  with  Mount  Lebanon,  and  notably  the  vilayet  of  Aleppo 
and  adjacent  countries  and  the  vilayet  of  Syria,  are  the  most  important  wool-grow- 
ing provinces  within  this  consular  district,  as  will  be  noticed  from  the  following 
separate  reports : 

VILAYETS  OF  BEIRUT  AND  MOUNT  LEBANON. 

The  area  of  the  Beirut  vilayet,  according  to  statistics  furnished  by  the  engineer 
of  the  vilayet,  is  4,971,000  hectares  (12,283,341  acres),  and  that  of  Mount  Lebanon, 
based  upon  information  furnished  by  the  Lebanon  government,  is  600,000  hectares 
(1,482,600  acres). 

The  number  of  sheep  constituting  a  flock  varies  in  every  locality,  but  on  an  aver- 
age it  is  composed  of  from  50  to  1,000  sheep.  The  total  number  of  sheep  in  the 
Beirut  vilayet  and  Mount  Lebanon  was  estimated  at  580,000  in  1890,  exclusive  of 
something  like  200,000  or  300,000  head  imported  from  the  vilayets  of  Erzerum  and 
Mosul  for  slaughter. 

There  are  two  varieties  or  breeds  of  sheep  in  this  province,  known  as  "Awassy  " 
and  "Moor,"  respectively.  The  former  is  distinguished  from  the  latter  by  its  long 
and  straight  wool,  both  white  and  black,  and  forms  by  far  the  largest  proportion  of 
the  sheep  raised;  the  other  produces  a  reddish  brown  and  shaggy  wool.  The  Moor 
sheep  is  mainly  kept  for  domestic  purposes,  notably  in  Mount  Lebanon,  and,  when 
fattened,  furnishes  an  excellent  food  during  the  winter  months.    *  * 

The  average  annual  quantity  of  wool  grown  within  the  Beirut  vilayet  and  Mount 
Lebanon  is  estimated  at  about  2,000,000  pounds.  By  far  the  largest  portion  of  this 
amount  is  exported  to  the  United  States,  the  balance  being  shipped  to  Europe  (France 
and  England)  or  used  for  local  consumption. 

The  principal  ports  of  export  are  Beirut  and  Tripoli. 

The  annual  cost  of  keeping  a  sheep  is  variously  estimated  at  from  58  to  89  cents,  or 
an  average  of  73.5  cents. 

The  weight  of  each  fleece  varies  from  3  to  7  pounds.  The  average  price  breeders 
receive  per  pound  of  wool  is  from  7  to  8  cents.  Every  80  to  100  sheep  are  watched 
over'by  one  shepherd,  whose  wages  run  from  18  to  25  cents  daily,  or  an  average  of 
21  cents. 

In  many  districts  sheep  need  no  shelter  in  the  vilayet  of  Beirut.  In  Mount  Leb- 
anon, however,  they  have  to  be  housed  at  night  during  the  short  winter  months. 
The  loss  of  sheep  and  lambs  by  exposure  or  neglect  is  very  small,  but  in  times  when 
diseases  prevail  the  losses  are  severe.    *    *  * 

VILAYET  OF  SYRIA,  (a) 

Sheep  are  kept  and  wool  is  grown  in  every  nmtessarrifiate  and  caiinak annate  in 
this  vilayet,  but  notably  in  the  districts  of  Joulan,  Jebel-Druze,  Balka,  Hauran, 
Horns,  and  Hamah. 

The  total  area  of  the  province  of  Syria  is  4,856,000  hectares  (11,999,176  acres). 

a  From  material  partly  furnished  by  United  States  Consular  Agent  Nasif  Meshaka, 
of  Damascus. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


647 


The  breed  of  sheep  kept  for  wool-growing  and  breeding  purposes  in  this  vilayet  is 
called  "  Ghanain-El-Abiad"  or  "  Awassi"  (white  sheep) ;  in  some  places  it  is  known 
as  "  Ghanam-El-Shakra."  Five  per  cent  of  its  wool  is  of  a  reddish  and  black  color, 
the  rest,  as  the  name  of  the  sheep  indicates,  being  white.  There  is  another  variety  of 
sheep  known  in  Syria  as  "  Moor,"  already  spoken  of  in  the  Beirut  report.  It  is 
imported  from  Erzernm  for  slaughter. 

The  number  of  sheep  usually  kept  in  flocks  varies  greatly  ;  100,  however,  is  the 
average  number  generally  watched  over  by  one  shepherd. 

The  exact  total  number  of  sheep  in  this  vilayet  it  is  not  possible  to  ascertain. 
There  is,  however,  a  tax  imposed  on  goats  and  sheep  of  3£  piasters  per  head  (15.4 
cents),  which  produced  the  sum  total  of  5,257,134  piasters  ($221,313.90)  in  the  year 
1890.  It  is  estimated  that  two-thirds  of  this  amount  had  been  levied  upon  sheep; 
this  would  give  a  total  of  1,001,359  sheep  for  the  vilayet  of  Syria.     *   *  * 

Wool  is  gathered  in  fleeces,  each  fleece  being  carefully  rolled  up  separately.  The 
weight  of  a  fleece  is  from  3  to  7  pounds  in  a  good  season;  in  a  poor  year  it  does  not 
exceed  4  pounds.    *    *  * 

The  different  local  designations  of  the  wool  grown  in  this  province  are  the  follow- 
ing: (1)  The  "Nouaimi,"  or  "  Joulani,"  raised  by  a  tribe  inhabiting  the  Julan  dis- 
trict; (2)  the  "Belkawi,"  named  after  the  locality  known  as  Balka;  (3)  the  "Jabali," 
grown  in  Jabel-Druze,  in  the  mutessarrifiate  of  Hauran;  and  (4)  the  "Khaldi," 
raised  by  the  tribe  called  Beni  Kkalid,  inhabiting  the  mutessarrifiate  of  Hamah.  The 
"Nouaimi"  is  superior  in  quality  to  the  rest  of  the  wool  grown  in  this  vilayet. 

The  general  commercial  name  under  which  all  these  various  kinds  of  wool  are  known 
is  "Soury,"  or  Syrian,  and  the  principal  markets  in  which  the  same  is  warehoused, 
bought,  sold,  and  prepared  for  export  are  the  cities  of  Horns,  Hamah,  and  Damascus, 
in  this  vilayet,  the  ports  of  export  being  Tripoli  and  Beirut,  in  the,  Beirut  vilayet. 

The  greater  part  of  all  the  wool  exported  to  the  United  States  is  unwashed.  When 
washed  it  is  generally  shipped  to  either  Marseilles  or  Leghorn.  *  * 

VILAYET  OF  ALEPPO,  {d) 

The  vilayet  of  Aleppo  is  one  of  the  provinces  in  Syria  in  which  sheep  are  raised 
on  a  considerable  scale. 

The  district  of  Aleppo,  more  properly  speaking  the  mutessarrifiates  of  Orfa  and 
Deir-el-Zor  (the  latter  has  lately  been  detached  from  the  administration  of  the 
vilayet  of  Aleppo),  are  the  localities  where  the  raising  of  sheep  and  growing  of  wool 
acquire  the  greatest  importance. 

In  the  mutessarrifiate  of  Marash  and  in  the  caimakamiates  of  Aintab,  Antioch, 
Killis,  Harem,  Djesser-el-Shoghr,  and  their  dependencies  sheep  are  also  kept;  but 
their  number  is  limited,  the  peasants  of  these  districts  being  farmers  rather  than 
shepherds. 

The  area  of  these  vast  tracts  of  land  can  only  be  determined  geographically;  they 
are  uncultivated  and  inhabited  only  by  Bedouins,  i.  e.,  insubordinate  Arabic  nomadic 
tribes,  who  traverse  their  entire  extent,  a  part  of  which  only  belongs  to  the  vilayet 
of  Aleppo.  These  nomads  shift  from  place  to  place  in  search  of  pastures,  wintering 
under  the  open  sky  in  the  warmest  regions  and  seeking  the  localities  offering  the 
best  pasturage  for  their  flocks. 

In  the  colder  districts  of  Marash,  Aintab,  Antioch,  Killis,  Harem,  Djesser-el-Shogr, 
Idlep,  etc.,  sheep  are  kept  in  caves  during  the  winter,  and  are  fed  on  a  mixture  of 
hay  and  straw. 

The  number  of  sheep  which  usually  compose  a  flock  varies  greatly.  Each  family 
forms,  out  of  the  sheep  they  possess,  one  or  more  flocks,  watched  over  by  members 
of  the  family.  Eighty  to  100  sheep  are  generally  confided  to  one  person ;  sometimes 
more.  Sheep  intended  for  slaughter  march  in  flocks  of  from  1,000  to  2,000  and  even 
3,000,  with  one  shepherd  for  every  100  sheep. 

a  Prepared  from  material  furnished  by  United  States  Consular  Agent  F.  Poche, 
of  Aleppo. 


648* 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


The  total  number  of  sheep  which  graze  in  the  vilayet  of  Aleppo  from  spring  till 
autumn,  coming  from  Irak-Arabi  and  from  the  desert  of  Syria,  is  estimated  by  the 
provincial  authorities  at  2,500,000  in  round  numbers.  The  mortality  in  the  year 
1888-'89  has  reduced  this  number  to  about  2,000,000,  divided  principally  among  the 
following  tribes :  Hadidi,  Anezi,  El-Weldeh,  Beni-Said,  Ghayar,  Ewlad-Ali,  Garamta, 
Aboo-Dibish,  Aboo-Kemal,  Aboo  Leil,  El-Mawali,  El-Saab,  Aboo-Halahel,  Beni- 
Haled,  Beni-Zed,  El-Omerat,  El-Majadmeh,  El-Shaher,  El-Neim,  Aboo-Hassan,  El- 
Baghara,  El-Meshahdeh,  Beni-Tai,  and  others  less  important.  * 

All  the  sheep  raised  by  these  tribes  belong  to  the  breed  called  "Awas,"  originally 
from  Bagdad,  which,  in  crossing  with  other  races,  have  lost  the  original  fineness, 
but  gained  in  the  length  of  their  wool.  The  best  wools  as  regards  fineness  are  those 
coming  from  sheep  raised  by  the  tribes  called  El-Tayawi,  and  El-Neim,  who  take 
greater  care  of  their  flocks  and  give  them,  two  months  after  the  shearing  and  several 
weeks  apart,  two  or  three  sulphate  baths,  and  also  administer  to  them  small  doses 
of  sulphur  internally.  By  this  treatment  the  sheep  seem  to  enjoy  immunities  from 
the  skin  diseases  which  influence  the  beauty  of  wool. 

Next  to  the  wool  grown  by  these  two  tribes,  which  is  limited  in  quantity,  comes 
that  of  the  Hadidi.  The  wool  that  the  tribes  Anezi  grow,  though  a  more  brilliant 
white  than  that  of  the  Hadidi,  is  of  inferior  fiber.  *  * 

The  wool  from  the  Aleppo  vilayet  is  mostly  exported,  either  washed  or  unwashed, 
to  the  United  States  and  to  Europe,  a  large  portion  going  to  Marseilles,  whence  it 
is  again  in  part  reexported  to  the  United  States.    *    *  * 

The  wools  grown  in  the  vilayet  of  Aleppo  are  divided  into  seven  principal  classes : 
(1)  The  wool  called  "  Hadidi,"  which  embraces  not  only  the  wool  grown  on  sheep 
raised  by  this  tribe,  but  comprises  also  all  that  produced  by  the  different  tribes 
above  mentioned;  (2)  the  wool  called  "  Anezi;"  (3)  "Deir-El-Zor ;  "  (.4)  "Fellahi." 
These  four  categories  are  sold  in  the  city  of  Aleppo,  and  three  of  them  are  known  in 
Marseilles  under  the  name  of  "  unwashed  Persian  wool,"  the  fourth,  or  "Fellahi," 
being  designated  as  "red  Persian  unwashed."  When  washed,  they  are  known 
under  the  commercial  name  of  "Aleppo  washed  wools."  Classes  5,  6,  and  7  are 
called,  respectively,  "Arabi,"  "Barazi."  and  "Milli."  The  latter  is  by  far  the 
coarsest  of  these  seven  categories, while  "Arabi"  is  superior  even  to  "Hadidi,"  and 
is  known  in  the  market  of  Marseilles  under  the  denomination  of  u  unwashed  Orfa." 
All  three  grades  are  usually  to  be  found  warehoused  in  the  city  of  Orfa,  in  this  vila- 
yet. 

Besides  the  varieties  enumerated,  wools  coming  from  the  Mardin  district  are  also 
sold  in  the  markets  of  this  province.  Mardin  is  a  city  in  the  vilayet  of  Diarbekir, 
adjacent  to  the  vilayet  of  Aleppo,  a  considerable  distance  northeast  of  the  city  of 
Aleppo,  but  not  far  from  Orfa.  They  comprise  three  categories  of  wool,  viz,  the 
"Awas,"the  "  Caracash,"  and  the  "  Kurdes."  The  first  of  the  three  is  generally 
washed  on  the  sheep's  back  by  forcing  the  sheep  to  pass  once  or  oftener  through  a 
stream  of  water.  By  this  system,  followed  by  that  of  the  washing  of  the  fleece  at 
Aleppo  before  marketing,  a  result  of  between  60  and  70  per  cent  is  obtained.  The 
<e  Caracash"  wool  is  also  washed  by  the  same  process,  only  less  thoroughly.  The 
Kurdish  wool  arriving  at  Aleppo  is  sold  and  exported  unwashed.    *    *  .  * 

The  quantity  of  wool  annually  exported  is  estimated  at  about  2,200,000  kilo- 
grams (4,850,670  pounds)  and  divided  among  the  following  countries : 

Pounds. 

United  States   297,  655 

France   3,  527,  760 

Turkey   540,188 

Italy  {   330,728 

England  ..•   154,339 

Total   4,850,670 

The  wools  exported  to  Turkey  are  generally  sent  to  Smyrna  and  there  mixed  with 
the  different  varieties  of  that  locality.    They  are  reexported  to  the  United  States. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


649 


VILAYET  OF  ADANA  (ASIA  MINOR). (a) 

Properly  speaking,  most  of  the  sheep  kept  in  this  province  for  wool-growing  pur- 
poses come  in  flocks  from  the  adjoining  vilayet  of  Caramania  for  pasture  and  pass  the 
winter  mostly  in  the  districts  known  as  the  mutes-sarrifiates  of  Selefkeh  and  Adana. 
The  total  area  is  roughly  estimated  at  40,000  square  kilometers  (9,884,000  acres.) 

The  flocks  usually  number  from  200  to  300  sheep,  watched  over  by  two  shepherds, 
and  the  best  estimate  of  the  total  number  of  sheep  is  about  250,000.    *    *  * 

The  wool  grown  in  this  province  is  not  made  into  fabrics  or  cloths,  but  is  wholly 
exported,  principally  to  Marseilles,  whence  it  is  reexported  to  the  United  States; 
a  small  quantity  is  also  shipped  to  Smyrna  and  Constantinople. 

The  commercial  names  of  the  Adana  wool  proper,  produced  by  sheep  kept  on  the 
plain  of  Yiireli,  are:  (1)  "  Melemendji,"  70  per  cent  of  which  is  white  and  30  per  cent 
black;  (2)  "  Karakayoli,"  75  per  cent  being  black  and  25  per  cent  white;   and  (3) 

Kosserauli,"  of  which  90  per  cent  is  black  and  only  10  per  cent  white. 

In  quality  it  ranges  in  the  order  given,  and  the  name  or  breed  of  the  sheep  which 
produces  it  is  called  "  Caramania.77 

The  total  quantity  of  wool  produced  in  this  district  is  estimated  at  350,000  to 
500,000  pounds,  and  the  average  weight  of  a  fleece  is  from  6  to  8  pounds.  To  this 
500,000  pounds  must  be  added  about  750,000  to  1,000,000  pounds  of  wool  coming  into 
this  province  from  the  adjacent  vilayet  of  Caramania,  which  is  sold  in  Mersine  for 
export  under  the  commercial  designations  of  "Cesarea"  and  "Komah"  wools. 
About  85  to  90  per  cent  of  these  wools  are  of  a  yellowish  or  dirty  white  color,  the  rest 
being  black.  *  *  *— Erhard  Bissinger,  United  States  Consulate,  Beirut,  April  16, 1891. 

Consul  Jewett,  in  January,  1891,  reported  the  following  table,  show- 
ing the  number  of  sheep  and  goats  in  the  province  of  Sivas: 


NAME  OF  KAZA. 


Sivas   

Azizieh. ...... 

Kotchkir  

Gurun  

Hafik  

Darend6  

Divrik  

Tounus  

Yildiz-eUe  

Tokat   

Zielleh  

Erbaa  

Niksar  

Amasia  

Ladik  

Khansa  

Marsivan  

Renpru  

Gu  mush  

Osmanjik  

Med j  id  Eiisu  . 
Karahizzar . . . 

Harmidie  

Sonsheri  

Koilahizzar. . . 
Alijura  

Total . . . 


Sheep. 


707, 
141, 
696, 
32, 
72, 
10, 
30, 
76, 
73, 
71) 
24, 
52, 
32, 
46, 
7, 
10, 
13, 
19, 
19, 
16, 
18, 
19, 
40, 
31, 
16, 
15, 


946 
530 
690 
715 
327 
556 
725 
841 
873 
551 
666 
726 
190 
570 
991 
139 
535 
571 
592 
939 
674 
641 
100 
003 
810 
360 


Goats. 


1,  071,  265 


38, 536 

66,  684 
75,393' 
11,  295 
77,  631 

6,  535 
41,  466 
25,  850 
,  46,  049 
90,  216 
62, 498 
36,  525 
19, 834 

67,  434 
6,  690 

17,  579 
10, 766 
27,  791 
21, 501 
21,  711 
48,  938 
25, 378 

25,  950 

26,  405 
31,  681 
34,  221 


965,  055 


Mohair 
goats. 


6,  618 
1,  302 


3,  061 
60 


11,860 
4,  959 
2,  708 
8,  097 
106 
78 
8,  884 
53 
15 
1,770 
1,020 
793 
7, 136 
2,  489 


61,  010 


a  Prepared  from  material  furnished  by  Acting  United  States 
Keuu;  of  Mersine. 


Consular  Agent  A. 


650 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Vice-Consul  Clark,  of  Jerusalem,  reports  the  total  number  of  sheep 
in  the  three  provinces  of  his  jurisdiction  to  be  as  follows: 

Gaza,  2,000;  Nabloos,  3,000;  and  Hebron,  5,000.  All  are  of  the  same 
kind,  called  the  Barbary  broad-tailed  sheep.  The  clip  of  1889  was 
about  350  cantars  (210,000  pounds),  while  that  of  the  year  1890  was 
about  300  cantars  (180,000  pounds).  The  whole  of  the  wool  is  shipped, 
to  Smyrna,  and  what  is  exported  is  never  washed,  being  mixed  with 
better  qualities  of  Asiatic  wool. 

TURKEY. 


Exports  of  Raw  Wool  from  Turkey. 


PROVINCE. 

1891 

1892 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Pounds. 

£ 

Pounds. 

£ 

Bagdad  (a)  

90,  000 

254,  700 

120,  400 

321,056 

33,  535 

286,  056 

27,  705 

221,  640 

Salonika  

.  p,wt .  - 

5,  300 

4, 100 

f!  aval  la          . .     

3,  722 

3,850 

 pounds . . 

900,  000 

18,  000 

950,  000 

19,  000 

Prevessa  

.  do.... 

180, 000 

2,  900 

150,  00C 

2, 600 

Beyrout  

 bales . . 

4,  300 

47,  300 

3,  500 

38,  000 

Damascus  

 do.... 

3,865 

24, 000 

4,  375 

27,  700 

Scutari  (6)  

 quintal.. 

1,754 

13, 117 

1,415 

7,  696 

Aleppo  

2,  798 

138,  565 

3, 118 

143,  954 

Adana  

 do.... 

648 

31,  000 

758 

30,  000 

Jaffa  

422,  400 

4,  300 

380,  000 

5,  550 

5,  000 

11,  600 

7,  000 

18,  000 

c  .. .do.. . 

740 

850 

210 

235 

(  ...do... 

680 

1,740 

400 

1,000 

a  Export  to  Europe  and  America.  b  Includes  wool  and  hair. 

c  The  first  line  represents  the  Anatolian  trade.    The  second,  the  Persian  transit  trade. 


Turkey,  export  in  1890  estimated  at  15,081,066  kilograms.  The 
export  from  Constantinople  alone  in  1891  is  given  at  1,879,486  kilo- 
grams. 

PERSIA. 


Exports  of  Raw  Wool  from  Persia,  (a) 


PROVINCE. 

1891 

1892 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Pounds. 

£ 

Pounds. 

£ 

7,  606 

14, 551 

4,618 

6, 122 

300 

857 

950 

17,  812 

Bunderabbas  

15, 158 

19,  973 

20,  000 

25,  000 

1,  079 

5,  579 

2,506 

14,  536 

450 

1, 125 

350 

794 

a  From  English  consular  reports. 

h  The  quantities  in  1891  are  given  in  packages;  in  1892  in  bundles. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


651 


EGYPT. 

Official  registers  show  the  number  of  sheep  in  each  province  in 
Egypt  to  be  as  follows : 


PROVINCE. 


Lower  Egypt : 

Kalioubieh  

Sharkieh  

Dahkaleyeh  

Grharbeeyeh  

Henoofeeyeh  

Behera   

Canal  Mahmoodeeyeli 
Upper  Egypt: 

Gheezeh  


Imports  and  Exports. 


YEARS. 

Imports  of 
wool  man- 
factures. 

Exports  of 
raw  wool. 

YEARS. 

Imports  of 
wool  man- 
factures. 

Exports  of 
raw  wool. 

1879   

LEgyptian. 
185,  200 
29o,  946 
255, 032 
139, 953 
244, 492 
300, 478 
349,  435 

L  Egyptian. 
47,  624 
55,  287 
50, 489 
45,  383 
79,  740 
51, 862 
55,  624 

1886   

LEgyptian. 
187,  967 
202,  882 
240, 544 
176,  735 
218, 137 
313,  688 

LEgyptian. 
65,  868 
68,  340 
57,  783 
63, 214 
52,  514 
35, 740 

1880   

1887   

1881  

1888   

1882  ....  

1889   

1883   

1890   

1884  

1891  

1885   

Number 
of  sheep. 


37,  024 
87, 328 
71,  982 

116,  537 
78,  005 

100, 504 
56 

68,  926 


Upper  Egypt— Continued. 

Beni-Souef  

Fayoom  

Minieh  

Assioot  , 

Girgeh  , 

Keneh  

Esneh   

Total  


Number 
of  sheep. 


37, 454 
28, 600 
36, 013 
135,  775 
161,237 
61, 106 
20, 130 


1,  040,  577 


An  English  consular  report  gives  the  exports  of  wool  from  Alexandria 
in  1891  at  1,780,433  pounds,  valued  at  £36,632;  in  1892  at  1,676,974 
pounds,  valued  at  £35,009. 


MOROCCO. 


Exports  of  Wool  from  Morocco. 


PROVINCE. 

1891 

1892 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Tangier  

 cwt.. 

126 

442 

80 

247 

Leraiche  

 do... 

6,  506 

15,  615 

6,537 

16,  996 

 do... 

8,  795 

26,  371 

5,  631 

15,  858 

Mogodor  

(  (a)  tons  . . 

203 

11, 368 

117 

5, 850 

((6). ..dp,,. 

22 

792 

63 

2,  520 

Saffi  

9,  391 

32, 870 

11,260 

36,  600 

((a). .do  .. 

3,936 

19,  680 

836 

3, 344 

\(b). .do  .. 

14, 878 

29,  756 

7,  071 

14, 142 

(  (a)  ..do  .. 

2,  445 

7, 340 

2,  335 

7,  010 

( (b). .do  .. 

31,290 

80,  968 

25,  700 

51, 400 

a  Washed  wool. 


b  Wool  in  the  grease. 


652 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
REGENCY  OF  TUNIS. 


EXPORTS 

1891 

1892 

 :  

£ 

£ 

^fl  w  wools  

12, 858 

7,  790 

BRITISH  INDIA. 

EXPORTS. 


1SG9 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 


RAW  WOOL. 


Quantity. 


Pounds. 
20,  392,  634 
13,  327,  836 

19,  432,  838 
24,  250,  904 

20,  821,  652 

20,  981, 198 

21,  443, 135 
24, 138,  636 
24,  588, 131 
23,612,983 

27,  791,684 

28,  666,  852 


Value. 


£ 

641,  803 
472,  614 
670,  647 
906,  698 
861,  626 
966,  832 

965,  919 
1, 109,  740 
1, 102, 913 

966,  845 
1,109,  702 
1, 187, 799 


Manu- 
factures. 


£ 

304,  357 
255,  395 
148,  7G4 
198, 106 
353,  585 
229,  502 
211, 516 
217, 202 
232,  274 
223,  324 
202,  289 
162,  229 


1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 


RAW  WOOL. 

Manu- 

Quantity. 

Value. 

factures. 

Pounds. 

£ 

£ 

25,  748, 121 

1, 170,  624 

230,  601 

26,  757,  352 

1,  012,  246 

227,  692 

26,  380,  327 

1,  002,  833 

183,  348 

25,235, 180 

983, 002 

156,  509 

25,  530, 173 

993,  869 

150, 823 

31,  328,  347 

1,206, 113 

116,  980 

33,  749, 121 

1,  342,  S07 

131,945 

35,  084, 143 

1,  494,  837 

169,  728 

35, 1 17,  816 

1,588,280 

149, 498 

38,  272, 528 

1,  779, 164 

176, 150 

34, 133,  059 

1,  593,  003 

169,  286 

35,  655, 479 

1,644,703 

173,  090 

IMPORTS. 


YEARS. 

RAW 

WOOL. 

MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Piece  goods. 

Shawls. 

Value. 

Pounds. 

Tens  of  rupees. 

Yards. 

Number. 

Tens  of  rupees. 

1880-81  

2,  775,  554 

72,  343 

11,  254, 429 

499,  896 

1,  299, 130 

1881-82  

2,  990,  077 

75, 435 

8,  850,  816 

395,  622 

1,121,232 

1882-83  

2,  781, 257 

68, 931 

6,  932,  779 

349,  764 

984,  873 

1883-84  

2,  526,  942 

65, 137 

9,  316, 192 

591, 425 

1,  217, 053 

1884-85  

2,  591, 421 

61,  821 

10,  700, 128 

461,  069 

1,  234,  340 

1885-86  

3,  095,  026 

77,  722 

11,  223,  258 

616,  782 

1,  391, 861 

1886-87  

3, 170,  582 

80,  757 

12, 133,  627 

740,  787 

1,  528,  865 

1887-88  

•     3,  475,  085 

93,  410 

13,  806,  388 

515,  372 

1,  715,  755 

1888-89  

4,  500,  219 

124,  883 

11,  864,  523 

663, 984 

1,  561,  950 

1889-90  

5, 100,  556 

136,  744 

10,  215,  322 

901,  511 

1,  455, 235 

1890-91  

4,  236,  826 

115,  615 

13, 110, 184 

1,  085,  727 

1,  818,  213 

1891-92  

4,  345,  439 

118,  204 

13,  838,  518 

796,  718 

1,  762,  031 

Sheep  and  Goats. 


ADMINISTRATION. 


North  West  Provinces  . 

Ondh  

Punjab  

Lower  Burma.  

Upper  Burma  

Assam  

Ajmere  


1889-90.  1891-92. 


4,211,895 
1,  698,  556 
6,  551, 180 
31, 773 
18,  353 


.192,  239 


4, 133,  578 
1, 802,  040 
6, 402,  215 
34,  030 
33,  454 
199,  315 
312,  870 


ADMINISTRATION. 


Coorg  

Madras  

Bombay  

Berar  

Pargana  Manipur. 


1889-90.  1891! 


12,  063, 471 
3, 198,  209 
478,  618 


4,  182 
12,  209, 791 
3,  324, 585 
518, 837 
259 


Total  1  28,  452, 162  i  28.  975, 156 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


653 


CEYLON. 


Number  of  Sheep. 


YEARS. 

dumber. 

YEARS. 

1ST  umber. 

YEARS. 

Number. 

1878  

73,  226 
70, 120 
62,316 
60,  607 
59,  743 

1883  

68,  672 
53,  757 
46,  634 
58,  514 
75,  065 

1 

1888  

108,  396 
75,  373 
80,  726 
87,  391 
87,  028 

1879  

1884  

1889  

1880  

1S85  

1890  

1881  

1886  

1891  

1882  

1887  

1892  

NATAL. 

Quantities  and  Valu.es  of  Manufactures  of  Wool  Imported  into  and  of 
Wool  Exported  from  Natal,  1875  to  1892. 


IMPORTS. 

EXPORTS. 

TEARS. 

Manufactures  of  wool. 

Wool,  raw. 

Blankets. 

Other  manufactures. 

Pairs. 

£ 

Yards. 

£ 

Pounds. 

£ 

1875  

42,  852 

27,  664 

270, 456 

19,  961 

8, 109, 447 

389,  285 

63,  261 

38,  481 

98, 164 

9,  632 

8,  550, 177 

366,  280 

1877  

32,  252 

16,  818 

152,  063 

13,418 

10,  012,  356 

383,  019 

1878  

72,  358 

37, 10.1 

207, 515 

16,  368 

12,  077,  966 

429, 657 

1879  

119,  872 

61,  902 

389,  702 

19,  972 

12,  029, 216 

415,  890 

1880  

176, 116 

106, 461 

356,  035 

23,  310 

15,  283,  049 

529,  321 

1881  

86,  974 

43, 949 

152.  697 

10,  842 

12,  578, 781 

*  450,  938 

1882  

131, 212 

73, 183 

361, 103 

21,  011 

14,  056, 126 

481,  449 

1883  

74,  390 

43,  031 

317,  654 

19,  345 

15,  826,  915 

519, 161. 

1884  

74,  660 

35, 147 

428, 164 

21,  863 

17,  330,  981 

523,  377 

1885  

82,  784 

39, 119 

369,  583 

28,  587 

17, 906,  044 

472, 142 

1886  

66,  359 

28,  549 

231,  800 

12,  930 

21,  763,  051 

533,  365 

1887  

.172,  360 

71,  653 

497:  111 

22,  446 

22,  250,  834 

601, 071 

244,  965 

109,  912 

751, 365 

29,  210 

28,  982,  247 

745, 749 

1889  

339,  557 

99,  244 

848,  698 

29,  855 

29, 489,716 

752, 182 

1890  

280.  054 

107,  294 

694, 164 

24,  751 

26,  780,  221 

725, 118 

1891  

194,  804 

80,  367 

359, 147 

15. 997 

27,  688,  314 

761, 560 

1892  

216,  361 

81,  575 

429,  089 

17,  415 

20,  887, 888 

583, 385 

Number  of  Sheep. 


YEARS. 

Number. 

YEARS. 

Number. 

YEARS. 

Number. 

1878  

467,  685 
486,  223 
401, 156 
441.  079 
455,  341 

1883  

452, 055 
560,  632 
535, 482 
676, 437 
484,  288 

1888  

609,  805 
652,  506 
943, 117 
959, 246 

1879  

1884  

1889  

1880  

1885  

1890  

1881  

1886  

1891  

1882  

1887  

654 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


CAPE  OF  GOOD  HOPE. 

Number  of  Sheep. 


YEAES. 

Number. 

I 

YEARS. 

Number. 

YEARS. 

Number. 

1887  

13, 073, 192 
13, 177,  285 

1  1889  

13,  953, 445 
13,  202,  779 

1891  

a  16,  706, 106 
16,  793,  855 

1888  

1890  

|  1892  

a  Census  . of  1891. 

Values  of  Manufactures  of  Wool  Imported  into,  and  the  Quantities  and 
Values  of  Wool  Exported  from,  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  1875  to  1892, 
inclusive. 


IMPORTS. 

EXPORTS. 

YEARS. 

Manufact- 

ures of 

Wool,  raw. 

wool. 

£. 

Pounds. 

£. 

1875   

266,  867 

40,  339,  674 

2,  855,  899 

1876   

225,  563 

34,  861,  339 

2,  278,  942 

1877   

163,  813 

36,  020,  571 

2,  232,  755 

1878   

198,  521 

32,127,167 

1,  888,  928 

1879   

279,  456 

40,  087,  593 

2, 156,  609 

1880   

308,  627 

42,  467, 962 

2,  429,  360 

1881  

312,  090 

42,  770, 244 

2, 181,  937 

1882   

394,  657 

41,  689, 119 

2,  062, 180 

1883  

181,  850 

38, 029, 495 

1,  992, 745 

1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 


Manufact- 
ures of 
wool. 


140,  722 
150,  638 
118, 098 
164,  454 
216,  625 
262,  724 
367,916 
303, 449 
293, 611 


Wool,  raw. 


Pounds. 
37,  270,  615 
34, 432,  562 
47,  454, 153 
44,  758,  295 
66,  353,  699 
68, 107^541 
65,  655  917 
75,  520,  701 
70,  335, 193 


£. 

1,  745,193 
1,  426, 108 
1,  580,  609 

1,  674,  931 
2, 181,510 

2,  251,  375 
2, 196,  040 
2,  264,  498 
2,  029,  093 


SOUTH  AMERICA,  MEXICO,  WEST 
INDIES,  AND  AUSTRALASIA. 


655 


MEXICO. 


Value  of  Wool  Exported. 


1882-  '83 

1883-  '84 

1884-  '85 

1885-  '86 
188G-'87 


Piastres. 


306 
43, 148 
171,  859 
220,  071 
169,  324 


1887-  '88 

1888-  '89 

1889-  '90 

1890-  '91 

1891-  92 


Piastres. 


12,  518 
90,  567 
26,  826 
30 
56 


ARGENTINE  REPUBLIC. 

Number  of  Sheep  and  Quantity  of  Wool  Product  in  the  Argentine  Repub- 
lic, 1857  to  1887. 


Number  of 
sheep. 


15,  989.  405 
17,  796,  897 
17,  524, 174 

16,  262,  827 
25, 733,  489 
25.  560,  848 
35,  258,  038 
38.  617, 466 
51.  650. 184 
50.  820.  526 
59,  638,  071 

58,  463.  728 

59,  677,  986 
61,  704, 827 
67,  288,  850 
86,  800, 195 


Product  of 
wool. 


Kilograms. 
18,  387,  810 
20,  466,  432 
20, 152,  800 
18,  702,  252 
29,  593,  512 
31,  694, 970 
38.  246, 742 
44,  410,  086 
59,  397,  716 
58, 443,  602 
65,  583,  782 

67,  233,  285 

68,  651,  649 
70,  960,  551 
77,  290, 178 
99,  820,  828 


1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 


Number  of 
sheep. 


Kilograms. 

78,  636,  440 

90,  431,  905 

75,  324,  508 

86,  623, 184 

85, 188,  297 

97,  978.  041 

83,  841,  674 

69, 417,  924 

91,418,  696 

105, 131,  500 

76, 909,  312 

88,  445.  708 

86.  505,  596 

99.  481.  436 

91, 582,  206 

105,  519,  536 

98,  380, 474 

113, 137,  475 

104,  252,  680 

119,  890, 580 

111.  196.  488 

127,  875,  961 

107,  384, 540 

123,  492,  220 

120,  578,  023 

138,  664,  725 

124,  087,  767 

142,  700, 936 

103,  413,  817 

118, 925,  889 

The  Argentine  Eepublic  levies  an  export  duty  on  wool  of  4  per  cent 
ad  valorem,  reestablished  in  January,  1891,  for  revenue  purposes. 
H.  Mis.  94  42.  657 


658  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Official  Return  of  Exports  of  Wool  and  Sheepskins,  (a) 


YEARS. 

UNWASHED  WOOL. 

UNWASHED 

SHEEPSKINS. 

AMOUNT  OF 
WOOL  ON 

SHEEP- 
SKINS. (6) 

TOTAL. 

Quintals,  (c) 

English 
pounds. 

Quintals. 

English 
pounds. 

English 
pounds. 

English 
pounds. 

1866   

1, 176, 505 

119, 144,  661 

226,  289 

22,  916,  286 

18,  333,  029 

137,  477,  690 

1867  

1,  380, 412 

139,  794,  323 

299,  832 

30,  363, 987 

24,  291, 190 

164,  085,  513 

Kilos,  d 

1868  

1869  e  

1,  353,  327 

137,  053, 426 

30, 137,  883 

66,  441,  977 

53, 153,  582 

190, 207,  008 

Kilos. 

1870  

65,  704,  224 

144.  851,  532 

26,  427, 383 

58,  261, 808 

46,  609,  447 

191,  460,  979 

1871  

71,  564,  980 

157,  772, 154 

20,  854,  506 

45,  975,  844 

36,  780,  675 

194,  552,  829 

1872  

92,  426, 137 

203,  762,  661 

33, 177,  246 

73, 142,  556 

58,  514,  045 

*262,  276,706 

1873  

83,  733,  245 

184,  598,  311 

25, 175,  055 

55,  500,  926 

44, 400,  741 

228,  999, 052 

1874  

80,  206,  652 

176,  823,  584 

24,  502,  558 

54,  018,  339 

43,  214,  671 

220,  038,  255 

1875  .- 

90,  720,  408 

200,  002,  211 

29,  524,  642 

65, 090, 026 

52,  072, 021 

252,  074,  232 

1876  

89,  259, 122 

196,  780,  660 

27,  597, 973 

60,  842,  491 

48,  673,  993 

245,  454,  653 

1877  

97,  310,  463 

214,  530,  646 

27,  849,  009 

61,  396,  087 

49, 116,  870 

263,  647,  516 

1878  

81,  708, 196 

180, 133,  889 

27,  848,  592 

61,  395,  006 

49, 116,  005 

229,  249,  894 

1879  

91,  951,  094 

202,  715,  382 

25,  088,  878 

55,  310,  940 

44,  248,  752 

246,  964, 134 

97, 145,  801 

214, 167,  633 

29,  077,187 

64,  103,  566 

51,  282,  853 

265,  450,  486 

1881  

103,  876,  955 

229,007,135 

22,  339,  591 

49,  249,  862 

39,  399,  890 

268,  407,  025 

1 882  

111,  009,  796 

244,  732, 196 

22,  353,  021 

49,  279,  470 

39,  423,  576 

284, 155,  772 

1883  

118,  403,  668 

261,  032,  726 

26,  564,  619 

58,  564,  359 

46,  851,  487 

307,  884,  213 

1884  

114, 344, 648 

252,  084,  211 

24,  938,  623 

54,  979,  688 

43, 983,  750 

296,067,961 

128,  393,  000 

283,  055, 000 

31,  336,  000 

64,  083,  000 

55,  266,  400 

338,  321,  400 

1886  

132, 130,  000 

291,  294,  000 

35,  312,  000 

77,  851,  000 

62,  280,  800 

353,  574,  800 

1887  

109, 164,  000 

240,  663,  000 

30,  447,  000 

67, 123,  000 

53,-  698,  400 

294,  361,  400 

1888  

131,  743,  000 

290,  441,  000 

28, 054,  000 

61,  848,  000 

49,  478,  400 

339,  919,  400 

1889  

141,  769,  000 

312,  544,  000 

36,  376,  000 

80, 195,  000 

64, 156,  000 

376,  700,  000 

1890/  

102,  550,  000 

226,  082,  000 

18,  522,  000 

40,  834,  000 

32, 667,  200 

258,  749,  200 

a  From  North's  Wool  Book. 

b  It  is  estimated  that  in  unwashed  sheepskins  the  wool  is  80  per  cent  of  the  weight. 

c  Argentine  quintal  is  101*27  pounds.  e  Figures  for  1869  are  wanting. 

d Kilo  is  2*2046  pounds.  /Nine  months. 


Exports  of  Wool  and  Sheepskins. 


YEARS. 

WOOL. 

SHEEPSKINS. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Tons. 

Dollars. 

Tons. 

Dollars. 

1881  

103, 876 

31,  446, 495 

32, 339 

4,  639,  437 

111, 009 

29,  978, 960 

22, 353 

4,  231,  718 

1883  

118,  403 

29,  600,  918 

26,  564 

5,  035,  886 

114,  344 

32,  005,  819 

24, 938 

5,  484,  952 

1885  

128,  393 

35,  950,  111 

31,  336 

6,  267,  377 

1886  

132, 130 

31,  711,  604 

35,  312 

6,  350,  731 

1887  

109, 164 

52,  749,  315 

30,  447 

6,  698,  408 

1888  

131, 743 

44,  858,  606 

28,  054 

5,  610,  923 

126,  806 

48,  820,  510 

18, 185 

5,  440,  622 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


659 


It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  increase  in  the  shipments,  if  it  can  be  called  an 
increase,  is  not  of  sufficient  importance  to  be  entitled  to  consideration.  If  there  is, 
likewise,  some  increase  in  the  official  value  of  the  wool,  it  is  only  an  apparent 
increase,  owing  to  the  fact  that  it  is  now  stated  in  Argentine  currency  instead  of 
gold. 

Wool  exports. — The  following  table  shows  the  countries  to  which  the  sheep- 
skins and  wool  clip  of  1888  were  shipped: 


WOOL,  UNWASHED. 

SHEEPSKINS. 

COUNTRIES. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

yalue. 

Kilograms. 

Dollars. 

Kilograms. 

Dollars. 

30,  335,  537 

10,  328,  569 

1, 745, 907 

349, 181 

31,  044,  581 

10,  570,  680 

1,  086,  349 

217,  270 

152,  437 

51,  905 

10,  640 

2,128 

2,  332,  467 

794,  205 

15,  053 

3,011 

57,  927,161 

19,  724, 198 

19,  831,  471 

3,  966,  294 

1,461,392 

497, 604 

1,  934,  865 

386,  973 

3, 190,  977 

1,  086,  528 

2, 290,  750 

458, 150 

330; 590 

112,  566 

483,  442 

96,  688 

4,  970, 197 

1,  692,  266 

656, 139 

131,  228 

Total  

131,  743,  339 

44,  858,  606 

28,  054,  616 

5,  610, 923 

It  will  be  borne  in  mind  that  this  wool  was  all  shipped  in  the  dirt — one-third 
being  wool  and  two-thirds  of  it  being  dirt;  so  that,  when  figured  down  to  hardpan, 
the  product  of  the  Argentine  Republic  for  1888,  with  its  70,000,000  of  sheep,  was 
only  98,807,505  pounds  of  washed  wool,  a  much  smaller  amount  than  this  country 
has  hitherto  been  receiving  credit  for.  Indeed,  as  a  wool-producing  country,  these 
figures  place  the  Argentine  Republic  below  the  United  States;  since,  according  to 
our  census  of  1880,  our  product  of  washed  wool  from  40,000,000  of  sheep  was  155,- 
681,951  pounds.  In  other  words,  while  the  Argentine  sheep  yield  an  average  of  1| 
pounds  of  clear  wool  to  the  fleece,  those  of  the  United  States  yield  almost  4  pounds 
to  the  fleece. 

The  wool  shipped  to  the  United  States,  as  given  in  the  foregoing  table,  was  ex- 
clusively the  Cordova  carpet  wool,  it  being  the  only  class  that  it  is  possible  to  send 
to  our  market  at  a  profit  under  our  present  tariff  laws. — U.  S.  Consul  E.  L.  Baker, 
December  22,  1889. 

•  WOOL  INDUSTRY. 

For  many  years  to  come,  the  leading  industry  of  the  Argentine  Republic  must 
continue  to  be  the  raising  of  sheep  and  the  production  of  wool.  The  history  of  sheep- 
farming  dates  back  to  1550,  when  the  Merinos  were  introduced  from  Spain ;  but  it 
received  no  attention  whatever  from  the  early  settlers  of  the  country.  Even  as  late 
as  1840  sheep  were  of  no  value  in  a  commercial  point  of  view.  They  were  allowed 
the  run  of  the  pampas  as  a  cheap,  but  not  a  desirable,  article  of  food.  The  wool  was 
not  worth  the  expense  of  carting  it  to  town,  and  it  was  often  used  for  litter. 

The  first  great  impulse  was  given  to  the  industry  about  thirty-five  years  ago, 
when  a  few  Scotch  and  Irish  sheep-farmers,  seeing  the  wonderful  possibilities  which 
the  Argentine  Republic  possessed  for  growing  sheep,  began  to  improve  the  stock  by 
the  importation  of  the  finer  Negretti  and  Ram  breed. 

In  1852  the  number  of  sheep  in  the  entire  Republic  was  5,500,000;  but  with  the 
refinement  of  the  wool  a  foreign  market  sprang  up,  and  in  1860  the  number  had 
increased  to  14,000,000.  Then  followed  our  civil  war,  which  caused  an  unprecedent- 
ed demand  for  foreign  wools  and  sent  the  price  up  to  fabulous  figures.  Everybody 


660 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


that  could  raise  money  enough  to  buy  a  flock  of  sheep  went  into  the  business,  and 
in  1867. the  number  of  sheep  was  estimated  to  be  40,072,312.  In  1877  it  had  reached 
48,498,688  and  in  1888  it  was  66,701,097,  according  to  the  official  estimates.  The 
great  seat  of  the  wool  industry  is  the  province  of  Buenos  Ayres,  the  rich,  succulent, 
grasses  of  whose  boundless  pampas  afford  natural  pasturage  to  the  foot  of  the  Andes ; 
but  the  other  provinces  have  all  a  few  sheep.  The  following  table  shows  the  num- 
ber of  sheep  in  each  province  and  territory : 


PROVINCES  AND  TERRITORIES. 


Provinces : 

Buenos  Ayres  

Santa  Fe  ■ 

Entre  Eios  

Corrientes  ■ 

Cordova   

San  Luis  

Mendoza  

San  Juan  

La  Eioja  

Cataniarca  

Santiago  

Tucuman  -  

Salta  

Jujuy  

Territories : 

Missiones  

Formosa  

Chaco  

Pampa  

Rio  Negro  

Terra  del  Fuego  j 

Total   24, 


Native. 


980,  544 
004, 255 
458,  614 
373, 845 
355, 030 
241,  827 
113,  468 
57,  902 
57,  386 
152,  438 
781,  951 
43,  390 
243,  089 
617, 803 

4, 086 
143 
3,  751 
600,  292 
232, 120 
280 


322,  214 


Mixed. 


38,  224,  204 
1,  973, 127 
442,  509 
237, 197 


8,  368 
3, 103 
500 


13,  606 


132 


1,  044,  305 
55,  820 


42, 002,  871 


Pure  blood 


353, 002 


43 


462 
1,667 
40 


25,  796 
2 


381,  012 


Total. 


51,  557,  750 
2,  977,  382 
4,  901, 123 
611,085 
2,  355,  030 
241, 827 
122, 298 
62,  670 
57,  932 
152,  438 
781,  951 
43,  390 
256,  895 
617, 803 

4,  218 
143 

3,  751 
1,  670,  393 
287, 940 
282 


66,  701,  097 


There  are  no  inconsiderable  numbers  of  sheep,  also,  in  the  territories  of  Chuput, 
Santa  Cruz,  and  Neuquen,  but  they  were  not  included  in  the  last  census  of  1887. 

There  also  47,738  llamas  in  the  province  of  Jujuy  employed  as  beasts  of  burden, 
while  the  number  of  guanacos,  vacunas,  and  alpacas,  as  they  roam  wild  over  the 
far  pampas  and  mountain  slopes,  can  not  even  be  estimated. 

It  appears  from  the  foregoing  returns  that  in  the  province  of  Buenos  Ayres  there 
are  171  sheep  per  square  kilometer  and  in  the  entire  Republic  22  per  square  kilo- 
meter. The  average  weight  of  ewes  is  20  to  25  kilograms  and  of  rams  and  wethers 
30  to  35  kilograms. 

Tho  number  of  sheep  in  the  Argentine  Republic  is  equal  to  17,787  per  1,000  inhab- 
itants. 

Value  of  sheep. — The  value  of  the  sheep  in  the  Argentine  Republic  is  thus 
stated  by  Sr.  Carrasco,  director  of  the  census : 

Native  sheep  J   $36,  067,  750 

Mixed  breeds   104,  846,  082 

Pure  blood   6,319,870 

Total   147,233,702 

Condition  of  the  industry. — It  would  seem  from  the  foregoing  figures  that  the 
sheep  industry  of  this  country  is  not  quite  so  flourishing  as  it  was  a  few  years  ago. 
Relatively,  since  the  agricultural  resources  began  their  development,  it  is  not  so 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


661 


important  as  it  lias  been;  but  it  is  not  possible  to  say  if  there  lias  been  any  retro- 
grade, as  the  returns  of  sheep  are  only  based  on  estimates  and  calculations,  and  every 
person  who  undertakes  to  publish  statistics  makes  use  of  such  figures  as  he  may 
have  at  hand. 

Thus,  Mr.  Mulhall,  in  his  Handbook  of  the  River  Plate,  estimated  the  number 
of  sheep  in  1884  at  70,896,000;  while  the  President,  in  his  last  message  in  1888,  four 
years  later,  put  the  number  at  70,453,665;  and  now  Sr.  Carrasco  places  the  number 
at  66,701,097,  nearly  4,000,000  less.  While  the  industry  may  not  actually  be  on  the 
decliue,  there  are  several  reasons  which  would  indicate  that  there  is  a  temporary 
decrease  in  the  actual  number.  In  the  first  place,  the  losses  from  floods,  foot  rot, 
and  starvation  for  the  last  two  or  three  years  are  estimated  by  many  millions;  and, 
in  the  second  place,  there  is  now  a  steady  market  in  Europe  for  mutton  carcasses. 
But  even  so  the  Argentine  Republic  has  a  larger  number  of  sheep  than  any  other 
country  in  the  world,  Australia  following  with  58,052,180  and  the  United  States  with 
48,322,331.  Sr.  Carrasco  puts  the  value  of  the  flocks  at  $144,233,702,  while  Mr.  Mul- 
hall estimates  it  at  only  $136,000,000,  about  $10,000,000  less;  and  he  distributes  the 
industry  among  the  different  nationalities  as  follows:  Argentines,  $73,000,000;  Irish, 
$30,000,000;  Scotch,  $7,000,000;  Basques,  $20,000,000;  total,  $136,000,000. 

Wool  clip  compared  with  other  countries. — The  wool  clip  of  the  country 
bears  a  very  small  proportion  to  the  number  of  sheep.  This  is  seen  from  the  estimate 
of  the  world's  clip  for  1886: 


COUNTRIES. 

Number  of 
sheep. 

Total  wool 
clip. 

Clip  per 
sheep. 

Pounds. . 

Pounds. 

69,  000,  000 

261,  000,  000 

3-8 

Australia  

66,  000,  000 

390,  000,  000 

5-8 

United  States  

48,  000,  000 

210,  000,  000 

4-2 

"  11,  000,  000 

52,  000,  000 

4-7 

194,  665,  000 

665, 000, 000 

3*4 

19,  000,  000 

76,  000,  000 

4 

From  this  it  will  be  seen  that  the  yield  is  3*8  pounds  of  "dirty,"  or  unwashed, 
wool;  and,  by  being  always  thus  shipped  in  the  grease,  River  Plate  wool  suffers  more 
from  shrinkage  than  either  Australia  or  Cape  Town,  as  the  net  results  are  as  follows : 


COUNTRIES. 

Shrinkage. 

Net  yield. 

Per  cent. 
65 
44 
30 

Pounds. 

91,  000,  000 
220,  000,  000 

36,  000,  000 

I  have  heretofore  called  the  attention  of  the  Department  to  this  fact,  and  stated 
that,  as  a  wool-producing  country,  "  these  figures,  according  to  our  census  of  1880, 
place  the  Argentine  Republic  really  below  the  United  States  in  clean  yield." 


662 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Value  of  annual  ytkld.-^Iu  regard  to  the  value  of  the  wool  clip,  including 
fleeces  and  sheepskins,  I  have  no  way  of  reaching  it  except  by  taking  the  tables  of 
exports.    The  following  are  the  figures  of  the  last  ten  years: 


YEARS. 

WOOL. 

SHEEPSKINS. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Yalue. 

Tons. 

Dollars. 

Tons. 

Dollars. 

103,  876 

31,446,  495 

32,  339 

4,  639,  437 

1882  

111,  009 

29,  978,  960 

22,  353 

4,  231,  718 

118,  403 

29,  600,  918 

26,  564 

5,  035, 886 

1884  

114,  344 

32,  005,  819 

24,  938 

5,  484,  952 

1885  

128,  393 

35,  950,  111 

31,  336 

6,  267,  377 

1886  

132, 130 

31,  711,  604 

35, 312 

6,  350.  731 

1887  

109, 164 

52,  749,  315 

30,  447 

6,  698,  408 

1888  

131, 743 

44,  858,  606 

28,  054 

5,610,  923 

1889  

141,  769 

56,  709,  774 

36,  376 

11,  386,  593 

1890  (9  months)  . 

102,  550 

70,  447,  903 

18,  522 

9,  426,  559 

It  is  necessary  to  state  that  the  values  for  the  last  four  years  are  stated  in  paper 
currency,  which  now  is  only  worth  about  40  cents  to  the  dollar. 


To  what  countries  exported. — The  countries  to  which  the  wool  clip  of  1889  was 
exported  will  appear  from  the  following  table : 


WOOL  (UNWASHED). 

SHEEPSKINS. 

COUNTRIES. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Yalue. 

Tons. 

Dollars. 

Tons. 

Dollars. 

34,  295 

13,718,318 

1,240 

*388, 176 

30,  578 

12,  231,  472 

1,114 

348,  718 

11 

4,424 

11 

4,  713 

53 

16,  604 

United  States  

5, 106 

2, 042,  506 

61,  244 

24,  497,  670 

27,  715 

8,  674,  931 

Italy  

1,615 

646,  269 

3,  010 

942,  305 

14 

5,  952 

Portugal  

21 

8,  462 

Great  Britain  

4,  796 

1,  918,  426 

2,  014 

630, 477 

1,672 

668,  884 

943 

295,  268 

2,  406 

962,  678 

287 

90, 114 

Total  

141,  769 

56,  709,  774 

36,  376 

11,  386,  593 

The  wool  included  in  the  foregoing  returns  was  all  fine  clothing  varieties  except 
that  Avhich  was  shipped  to  the  United  States.  The  latter  was  carpet  wool,  raised 
ftom  "criolla"  sheep  in  the  upper  provinces  and  shipped  from  the  port  of  Rosario  to 
Boston. 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Extorts  of  Raw  Wool. 


COUNTIES. 


Germany  

Belgium  

Spain  

United  States. .. 

France  

Italy  

Portugal  

jReino  Unirto  . . . 

Uruguay  

Other  countries 

Total  .... 


QUANTITY. 


1891 


Kilos. 
28,  529,  915 
34,  292,  339 
174, 416 
5,  781, 150 
58, 449,  965 
2,121,351 
12,  487 
2,  253,  322 
1,  005,  148 
5,  985,  745 


138,  605,  838 


1892 

Kilos. 
4.">,  0-16, 135 
29,  288,  538 
470,  287 

5,  226,  381 
56,  857,  525 

2, 959,  883 


3,  882,  776 
616,  551 
10,  346,  959 


154,  635,  035 


1891 


Dollars. 

7,  988,  376 
9,  601,  855 
48,  836 
1,618,722 
16,  365,  990 
593, 978 
3,496 
630,  930 
281,  441 
1,  676,  011 


1892 


Dollars. 
12, 912,  885 
8,  360,  689 
140,  333 

1,  538,  313 
16, 257,  884 

868, 194 

1, 110,  478 
170, 038 

2,  966,  346 


38,809,635  i  44,326,060 


URUGUAY. 

Exports  of  Wool  from  Uruguay. 


COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH  EXPORTED. 

1891 

1892 

Kilograms. 

Dollars. 

Kilograms. 

Dollars. 

9,  984,  871 

3,155,921 

7,  000,  664 

1,  895.  338 

7, 133,  241 

2,306,180 

8,  629,  020 

2,  252,  836 

Germany  

3,  607,  050 

1, 155, 164 

3,  079,  779 

838,  722 

3,  525,  233 

1,  075,  759 

5, 186,  887 

1,358,  758 

037,  026 

198,714 

2,  157,  526 

543,177 

623, 145 

192,  466 

141,  843 

36,  820 

139,  627 

45, 857 

121, 192 

33,  934 

127,  069 

38,  824 

1,  597,  810 

446,  233 

Italy  

128, 109 

36,  267 

23,  598 

5,  899 

4,  678 

1,  540 

29,  891 

7,  673 

Chile  

3,  621 

905 

25,  910,  051 

8,  206,  692 

27,  971,831 

7,  420,  290 

In  1890  Mr.  B.  Lorenzo  Hill  presented  certain  estimates  on  the  wool 
interests  of  Uruguay  to  U.  S.  Consul  Hill  at  Montevideo.  The  num- 
ber of  sheep  in  October,  1889,  was  estimated  at  12,000,000,  or  30  per 
cent  less  than  1888.  The  wool  clip  was  estimated  at  42,000,000  pounds^ 
of  the  qualities  of  Merino  and  English,  and  their  cross  called  Mestizo. 
The  value  of  the  clip  was  17  cents  a  pound  on  the  average.  It  was 
exported  to  France,  Germany,  England,  and  a  small  quantity  to  the 
United  States.  The  average  yield  of  wool  per  sheep  is  about  3|  pounds. 
The  percentage  of  dirt  and  grease  in  wool  is  from  25  to  30  per  cent. 
The  grade  of  wool  has  been  improving  very  considerably  the  last  few 
years.  Foreign  sheep  are  being  introduced,  not  extensively,  but  stead- 
ily. The  wool  inclines  to  Merino,  English,  or  Lincoln,  and  the  Downs, 
and  their  cross. 


664 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


PERU. 

Exports  of  Wool,  1892. 


Molendo : 

Alpaca  wool,  first  class 
Alpaca  wool,  inferior  . . 

Wool,  vicuna  

Wool,  sheep's  


Quantity. 


Kilograms. 
1,  480,  934 
620,  020 
2,  763 
1,  246,  434 


Value. 


Soles. 
888,  500 
202, 180 
4,805 
496,  446 


CHILE. 

Exports  of  Wool,  1892. 


Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Tons. 

£ 

j 

Tons. 

£ 

1,  772 

71,  906  . 

1,941 

68,  795 

BRAZIL. 

Exports  of  Wool,  1892. 


Quantity. 

Value. 

Bales. 

£ 

525 

2,  082 

JAMAICA. 

Imports  for  Home  Consumption  of  Woolen  Manufactures,  1892.  a 


Years. 

Value. 

Years. 

Value. 

Years. 

Value. 

1877  

£ 

33,  900 
29,  414 
22,  976 
21,  792 
20,  213 

1882  

£ 

18,  253 
16,  770 
15,  759 
24,  911 
18, 182 

1887  

£ 

19, 165 
28,  400 
24,  492 
44, 156 
26,  819 

1878  

1883  

1888  

1884  

.1889  

1880  .... 

1885  

1890-'91  

1881  

1891-92  

a  From  1877  to  1884,  imports  for  consumption;  from  1885  to  1892,  total  imports;  from  1877  to  1890-  91, 
the  year  ended  September  30 ;  from  1890-'91  to  1891-'92,  March  31. 


MAURITIUS. 


Imports  of  Woolen  Manufactures. 


YEARS. 

Value. 

Years. 

Value. 

Years. 

Value. 

1877  

£ 

28,  503 
33, 045 
27,  329 
30,  249 
27,  043 

1882  

£ 

46,  867 
45,759 
36,  032 

21,  333 

22,  762 

18S7  

£ 

30,  957 

34,  386 
36,  436 

35,  827 
29,  339 

1878  

1883  

1888  

1879  

1884  

1889  

1880  

1885  

1890  

1881  

1886  

1891  

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


665 


AUSTRALIA. 

Number  of  Sheep  in  Australia,  1854-1892. 


NVw  South 
Wales  (a). 


144, 119 
602.  499 
736,  323 
139, 162 
581,  762 
162,  671 
119, 163 
615,  054 
145,  651 
790,  969 
271,  520 
132,  511 
562, 155 
909,  574 
080,  625 
989,  923 
308,  585 
278,  697 
560,  048 
501,  506 
872,  882 
382,  536 
503,  388 
521,  662 
479,  484 
062,  910 
398, 121 
591,  946 
114,  814 
915,  510 
660,  321 
820,  906 
169,  304 
965, 152 
503, 469 
106,  768 
986,  431 
831,  416 
445,  289 


Victoria  (a) 


5,  332,  007 
4,  577,  872 
4,  641,  548 

4,  766,  022 

5,  578, 413 
5,  794, 127 

5,  780,  896 

6,  239,  258 
6,  764,  851 
7, 115,  943 
8,  406,  234 
8,  835,  380 

8,  833, 139 

9,  532,  811 
9,  756,  819 
9,  923,  663 

10,  761,  887 
10,  002,  381 

10,  575, 219 

11,  323,  080 
11,  221,  036 
11,  749,  532 

11,  278,  893 
10, 117,  867 

9,  379,  276 
8,  651,  775 
10,  360,  285 
10,  267,  265 
10, 174, 246 
10,  739,  021 
10,  637,  412 
10,  681,  837 
10,  700,  403 
10,  623,  985 
10,  818,  575 
10,  882,  231 

12,  736, 143 
12,  928,  428 
12,  965,  306 


South  Aus- 
tralia (a). 


1,  768,  724 


1,  962.  460 

2,  075,  805 
3, 108,  501 


2,  824,  811 

3,  038,  356 
3,  431.  000 
3,  891,  642 
4, 106,  230 
3,  779,  308 

3,  911,  610 

4,  477,  445 
4,  987,  024 
4,  436,  955 
4,  400,  655 
4,  412,  055 

4,  900,  687 

5,  017,  419 
6, 120,  211 
6, 179,  395 
6, 133,  291 

6,  098,  359 
6,  377,  812 
6, 140,  396 

c  6,  463,  897 
6,  810,  856 
6,  388,  366 
6,  677,  067 
6,  696,  406 
(k) 

(k) 
(k) 

6,  432,  201 

7,  050,  544 
7,  745.  541 

gl, 152,  047 


Western 
Austra- 
>  lia  (a) . 


173,  243 
184, 114 
177,717 
198,  386 
217,  280 
234,  815 
260, 136 
279,  576 
295,  666 
348,  358 
383, 878 
445,  044 
481, 040 
537,  597 
599, 756 
648,  683 
608,  892 
670,  999 
688,  290 
784,  536 
777,  861 
881,861 
899, 494 
797, 156 
869, 325 
1, 109,  860 
1,  231,  717 
1,  267,  912 
1,  259,  797 
1,315, 155 
1,  547,  061 
1,  702,  719 
1,  809,  071 

1,  909,  940 
2, 112,  393 

2,  366,  681 
2,  524,  913 
1,  962,  212 
1,  685,  500 


Tasma- 
nia (a). 


1,  831, 
1,  835, 
1,  614, 
1,  912, 
1,  504, 
1,  697, 
1,  700, 
1,  714, 
1,  661, 
1,  800, 
1,736, 
1, 752, 
1,  722, 
1,  742, 
1,  715, 
1,  531, 
1,  349, 
1,  305, 
1,  395, 
1,  490, 
1,714, 
1,  719, 
1,  768, 
1,  818, 
1,  838, 
1,  835, 
1,  783, 
1,  847, 
1,  845, 
1,  831, 
1,720, 
1,648, 
1,  609, 
1,  547, 
1,430, 
1,  551, 
1,  619. 
1,  664, 
1,  623, 


308 
902 
987 
423 
393 
199 
930 
498 
225 
811 
540 
719 
804 
914 
617 
187 
775 
489 
353 
746 
168 
768 
785 
125 
831 
970 
611 
479 
455 
069 
027 


New  Zea- 
land (a). 


990,  988 
051,  374 
523,  324 


2,  761,  383 


4,  937,  273 


,  418,  579 


9, 
11, 
11, 
11, 
11, 
613. 
13, 
13, 
dl2. 
d!2, 
elZ, 
eld, 
eU 


627  iel4, 
046  el6. 
242  U  16. 
065  <?16, 


429 
256 
118 


el5, 
16, 
ill, 


338  !jl8, 


700,  629 
700,  629 
700,  629 
704,  853 
704,  853 
704,  853 
704,  853 
069,  338 
069,  338 
039,  338 
985,  085 
985,  085 
500,  597 
384,  075 
056,  266 
624,  547 
564, 595 
564, 595 
564.  595 
503,  263 
196,  048 
865,  423 
570,  752 


a  The  returns  for  these  colonies,  except  Queensland,  are  for  the  twelve  months  ended  in  March  of 
the  years  subsequent  to  those  stated. 
b  Census  of  1878. 
c  Census  of  1881. 
d  Figures  for  March,  1881. 
e  Figures  are  for  May  in  each  year. 
/Census  of  1886. 

g  South  Australia  included  northern  territory  until  1892. 

h  New  Zealand,  exclusive  of  sheep  owned  oy  Maoris,  numbering  262,763,  according  to  census  of 
1891. 

i  Census  of  1891. 

j  Figures  for  April,  1892. 

k  No  returns. 


666 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


VICTORIA. 

Number  of  Sheep  in  certain  Shires. 


Alexandria . . 

Arapiles  

Ararat  

Avoca  

Belfast  

Ben  alia  

Colac  

Dundas  

Dunmunkle  . 
East  Loddon . 

Echucha  

Euroa  

Glenelg  

Gordon   

Hampden  

Karakara  

Korong  

Kowree  

Leigh  

Lexton   

Lowan  


March  31, 
1883. 


86,  871 


425, 
55, 
88, 
105, 
414, 
566, 
93, 
105, 
187, 
111, 
468, 


985 
460 
155 
958 
046 
174 
632 
161 
377 
861 
145 


566,  225 


124, 
412, 
189, 
125, 
65, 


•  April  5, 
1891. 


654 
177 
903 
647 
646 


177,  111 
184,  878 
486, 170 
106,  759 
110,  608 

148,  379 
258,  481 
607,  250 
218,  334 

149,  737 
244,  010 

127,  314 
569,  665 
113,  887 
596, 401 
198,  731 
239,  330 
348,  286 
195,  848 
120, 115 

128,  826 


SHIRES. 


March  31, 
1883. 


Mansfield  

Marong  

Minhaniite  ... 

Mortlake  

Mount  Rouse . 

Omeo  . . . J  

Portland  

Ripon  

Rosedale  

St.  Arnaud  ... 

Seymour  

Stawell  

Swan  Hill  .... 

Wannon  

Waranga  

"WaiTiiambool 

Wimmera  

Winchelsea. . . 
Yarrawonga . . 
Yea  


April  5, 
1891. 


101,666 

179,  270 

117,  962 

99, 107 

159,  032 

198,  630 

436,  383 

486,  345 

265,  565 

361,  230 

40,  718 

121,  226 

253, 685 

242,  619 

248,  241 

247, 015 

11,018 

157,  948 

293,  904 

327,  662 

54,  334 

152, 178 

232,  826 

285,  656 

338,  752 

309,  290 

445, 116 

423,  385 

180,  906 

169,  866 

281,  384 

243,  093 

252,  534 

171,  693 

142,  370 

175,518 

65, 272 

103,  435 

72,  703 

138,  003 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Number  of  Sheep  and  Exports  of  Wool,  (a) 


667 


1836. 
1837. 
1838. 
1839. 
1840. 
1841. 
1842. 
1843. 
1844. 
1845. 
1846. 
1847. 
1848. 
1849. 
1850. 
1851. 
1852. 
1853. 
1854. 
1855. 
1856. 
1857., 
1858.. 
1859. . 
I860.. 
1861.. 
1862.. 
1863.. 


Number  of 
sheep. 


41,  332 


310,  946 


782,  283 


404,  333 
602, 798 
860,  912 
792,  527 
996,  992 
164,  203 
130, 277 
318,  046 
032, 783 
589,  923 
551, 506 
594,  220 
332,  007 
577, 872 
641,  548 
766,  022 
578, 413 
794, 127 
780,  896 
239,  258 
764,  851 
115,  943 


Quantity. 


Pounds. 


175, 081 
320,  383 
615,  603 
941, 815 
1,714,  711 

2,  828,  784 

3,  826,  602 

4,  326,  229 
6,  841,813 
6,  406,  950 

10,  210,  038 
10,  524,  663 
14,  567, 005 
18,  091,  207 
16,  345,  468 
20,  047, 453 

20,  842, 591 
22,  998,  400 
22,  584,  234 

21,  968, 174 
17, 176,  920 
21,  515,  958 
21,  660,  295 

24,  273,  910 
23, 923, 195 

25,  245,  778 
25,  579,  886 


Value. 


11,  639 
21,  631 
45,  226 
67,  902 
85,  735 
151, 446 
201, 383 
174,  044 
396,  537 
351,  441 
565,  805 
556,  521 
574,  594 
826, 190 
734,  618 
1,  062,  787 
1, 651, 871 
1, 618, 114 
1,  405,  659 
1,  506,  613 
1,  335,  642 

1,  678,  290 
1, 756,  950 

2,  025,  066 
2, 095,  264 
2,  350,  956 
2,  049, 491 


YEARS. 

Number  of 
sheep. 

Quantity. 

Yalue. 

-L  U  M  fVU  o  * 

£ 

1864  1 

8,  406,  234 

3  9^0  19Q 

1865 

8,  835,  380 

44  270  666 

3  31  ^  IftQ 

1866 

8,  833, 139 

42,  391  234 

5  IQfi  J.Q1 

1867 

9,  532  811 

51  314  116 

vl  ,  OXrr,  J. ±\J 

1868  

9,  576,  819 

68,  010,  591 

4  567  189 

0\J  1  ,  JLO.ii 

1869 

9,  923,  663 

54,  431,  367 

3  363  075 

1870 

10, 761, 887 

52  123  451 

3  9fi^  infi 

1871 

10,  002,  381 

76  334  480 

4  702  1fi4. 

1872 

10, 575,  219 

58,  648,  977 

4, 651  665 

1873 

11,  323,  080 

74, 893,  882 

5  738  638 

1874 

11,  221,  036 

88,  662,  284 

6,  373,  676 

1875... 

11,  749,  532 

85,  064,  952 

6,  096,  958 

1876  . 

11,  278,  893 

106,  265,  877 

6,  413,  754 

1877 

10, 117,  867 

98, 468,  208 

5  670  871 

1878 

9,  379,  276 

101,  809,  809 

5,  810, 148 

1879  

8,  651,  775 

95,  628,  281 

5,  269,  634 

1880  

10,  360,  285 

112,  486, 058 

6,  417,  453 

1881  

10,  267,  265 

103, 449,  080 

5,  450,  029 

1882  

10, 174,  246 

108,  028,  601 

5,  902,  574 

1883  ..  . 

10,  739,  021 

109,  615,  884 

6,  054,  563 

1884  

10,  637,  412 

119,  542, 407 

6,  342, 887 

18«5  

10,  681,  837 

106,  278,  038 

5,  028,  oil 

1886  

10,  700,  403 

107,  984,  839 

4, 999,  662 

1887  

10,  623,  985 

115,  461,  606 

5,  073,  491 

1888  

10,  818, 575 

118, 453,  968 

5, 170,  930 

1889  

10, 882,  231 

135,  607, 370 

5,  928,  932 

1890  

12,  736, 143 

132, 149, 107 

5, 933,  699 

a  Since  the  year  1864  a,  considerable  quantity  of  wool  has  each  year  been  imported  into  Victoria 
across  the  Murray  from  the  Riverina  district  of  New  South  Wales,  for  export  by  railway  to  Melbourne 
and  shipment  thence.  Prior  to  1872  no  precise  record  of  the  quantity  so  introduced  was  kept  at  the 
customs.  It  has,  however,  been  ascertained  that  at  least  13,000,000  pounds  of  wool,  valued  at  £972,000, 
crossed  the  Murray  into  Victoria  in  the  year  1870,  and  the  following  amounts  in  the  years  named: 


YEARS. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Pounds. 

£ 

1882  

44,  213,  260 

2,  224,  512 

1883  

29,  072,  345 

1,355,  219 

3884  

42,  796,  749 

1,875,  962 

3885  

39,  306,  234 

1,  633,  517 

1886  

40, 138, 278 

1,  866.  029 

1887  

52,  423, 118 

2, 198,  223 

1888  

48, 045,  819 

2,  036,  637 

1889  

54,  738, 160 

2,  608,  743 

1890  

58, 433,  040 

2, 415, 337 

1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 


Quantity. 


Pounds. 
19,  552,  598 
31,  542,  913 
35,  332,  089 
40,  535,  081 
44, 430, 185 
37,  647,  218 
43, 357,  702 
46,  561,  653 
54,  865,  967 
53,  090,  294 


Value. 


£ 

096, 
745, 
975, 
260, 
039, 
661, 
081, 
338, 
720, 
594, 


772 
550 
879 
799 
009 
868 
368 
670 
612 
240 


668  WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Exports  of  Raw  Wools. 


COUNTRIES. 

1888 

1880 

1890 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Greasy: 

Overland — 

New  South  Wales  . . . 
South  Australia  

Total  

Seaward — 

United  Kingdom  

New  South  W^ales  -  - . 
South  Australia  

Pounds. 
1, 120 
525, 182 

£ 

30 

26,  831 

Pounds. 
2,  206 
563.  596 

£ 

98 

19,  349 

Pounds. 
3,  400 
451, 140 

X? 

an 

105 
40,  098 

526,  302 

26,  861 

565,  802 

19,  447 

j       454, 540 

40,  203 

57,  606,  760 
483,  204 
23, 120 
3,  365,  987 
7,  873, 483 
1,  7Z1,  055 
472,  791 
103, 738 
925,  632 

2,  214,  553 
23,  312 
560 
92, 100 
302, 158 
57,  925 
16,  746 
4,500 
39,  985 

74,  243,  278 
216,  424 
336 

14,  317,  365 
3,  532,  523 
<s,  559,  ZtQ 
2,  518, 172 
8,  455 
658,  314 

2,  975,  842 
16,  304 
15 

569,  406 
139,  018 
93,  649 
99,  798 
400 
26,  365 

64, 123,  919 
620, 185 

2,  760,  561 
29,  370 

Hongkong   

14,  050,  553 

3,  751, 905 

A     ADA  AA1 

4,  980,  991 
1,  448,  307 

533,  358 
150,  691 
152, 469 
40, 050 

France  —Marseilles . . 

Dunkirk  . . . 

1, 180,  571 
6,  583,  000 
7,  664 

52, 752 
277,  289 

250 

95,  000 
4,193 

4,  000 

300 

Scoured : 

Overland- 
South  Australia 

Seaward  — 

United  Kingdom  .... 
New  South  Wales  . . . 

TT-i-i-i  (  nrl  C+o+aci 

Germany — Bremen  . . 

Hamburg 
Italy — Genoa  

72,  575,  770 

2,  751,  839 

98, 153,  338 

3,  925,  097 

96,  747,  095 

3,  996,  790 

22,  000 

1,509 

66, 632 

3,376 

15, 575 

846 

9,  912, 117 
265,  380 

HO  rrno 

113,  792 
1,  099,  084 
133, 123 
49, 166 
9,  766 

196,  561 

555,  024 
13, 039 
5,  690 
57,  671 
8,218 
2,820 
510 

8,  500 

16,  851, 114 
48,  423 

61  o,  859 
285,  360 
177,  275 
50,  959 

1,  034,  351 
3,220 
24, 7o5 
14, 262 
9,  986 
3, 148 

14,  972,  375 
1,248 
tio/,  U9Z 
40,  600 
334,  489 
21,  780 

935,  232 
67 

41,  207 
2,  500 

17,  543 
1,375 

215,  948 

13  300 

249,  434 
103, 612 
129,  634 

16, 100 
6,  000 
9,  979 

Total  seaward  

Washed : 

Overland- 
New  South  Wales  . . . 

11,  778,  989 

651,472 

18,  002,  938 

1, 103,  022 

16,  520,  264 

1,  030,  003 

1,546 

61 

7,  615 

348 

Total  

1,546 

61 

7,  615 

348 

Seaward — 

United  Kingdom  

New  South  Wales  . . . 

4,  339,  580 
62,  990 

319,  569 
3,804 

2,  028,  343 

142,  916 

888,  235 

52,  414 

7,  298 

728 

Germany,  Hamburg . 

2,  761 

150 

10,  800 

520 

Total  seaward   

Total  wool  overland  

Total  

4,  405.  331 

323,  523 

2,  028,  343 

142,  916 

906,  333 

53,  662 

549,  848 
88,  760,  090 

28, 431 
3,  726,  834 

632,  434 
118, 184,  619 

22.  823 
5,  171,  035 

477,  730 
114, 173,  692 

"  41,  397 
5,080,455 

89,  309,  938 

3,  755,  265 

118,817,  053 

5, 193,  858 

114,  651,422 

5, 121,  852 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OP  WOOL. 


6G0 


Quantities  and  Values  of  Wool  .and  Manufactures  of  Wool  Imported  into 
and  of  Wool  Exported  from  Victoria,  1875  to  1892. 


YEARS. 

IMPORTS. 

EXPORTS. 

Wool, 

raw. 

jM  anufac- 
tures  of 
wool. 

TVool,  raw. 

Pounds. 

£ 

£ 

Pounds. 

<£ 

41,417,  925 

2,  310,  477 

898, 073 

00,  Uo4,  i)DZ 

D,  IrJO,  \)Oo 

4G,  831,  787 

2, 179, 184 

789, 183 

inc   oRF;  QT7 

IUO,  ZOO,  Oi  I 

O,  4±o.  <t)4 

45,  631,  322 

2,  030, 129 

917,  793 

aq    AdQ  OAO 

yo,  40c,  Zvo 

0,  D/U,  O/l 

1878  

49, 170,  516 

2,  362,  697 

866,  179 

1U1,  oUJ,  ouy 

K    Q1  A    1  A  Q 

0,  olU,  14o 

50, 046,  396 

2,  494,  573 

701,  292 

C\F    ftOQ  OQ1 

UD,  OZo,  Zol 

O,  <iOy,  Do4 

60,  723, 152 

2,  977,  264 

645, 543 

1  1  O  A Qft  onft 
4oO,  ZUD 

ft  A  1  7  A(XR 
0,  41 1 ,  4DO 

59,  345,  348 

2,  887, 260 

663,  397 

103,  449.  800 

5,  450,  066 

53,  839,  219 

2,  734,  738 

924,  905 

108,  028,  601 

5,  902,  624 

1883  

45,  520,  395 

2,  043,  588 

793,  015 

109,  616,  610 

6,  054,  613 

1884  

59,  675,  280 

2,  575, 905 

923,  072 

119,  542,  407 

6,  342,  887 

1885  

54,  685,  900 

2,  201,  968 

953, 774 

106,  278,  038 

5,  028,  011 

1880  

52, 196,  663 

2,  331,599 

892,  868 

108,  034,  839 

4,  999,  662 

1887.:  

68,  630,  753 

2,  778, 927 

724, 436 

115,461,606 

5,  073,  491 

1888  

65.  963,  561 

2,  704,  060 

923,  549 

118, 453,  558 

5, 170, 882 

1889  

80,  391,  654 

3,  595,  449 

969, 412 

135,  607,  370 

5,  928,  932 

1890  

78,  370,  956 

3, 190,  298 

785,  961 

132, 149, 027 

5,  933,  699 

1891  

90,  776,  713 

3,  372, 154 

903,  657 

164,  805,  907 

7, 165,  092 

1892  

86, 144,  501 

3, 134,  917 

655, 411 

165,  590,  377 

6,  619, 141 

Latterly  a  much  larger  proportion  of  greasy  wool(hasbeen  exported  than  formerly  (a), 
showing  a  reduced  value,  it  is  true,  but  one  of  much  less  extent  than  when  the  wool 
is  considered  as  a  whole,  without  reference  to  its  condition  when  exported.  The 
following  table  shows  the  quantity  and  declared  value  of  greasy  wool  exported  in 
the  years  1880-1890 : 


YEARS. 

Quantity.' 

Value. 

Per 
pound. 

YEARS. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Per 
pound. 

1880  

Pounds. 
76,  808,  471 
83,  927,  788 
82,  473,  370 
91,  635, 136 

£. 

3,  616.  981 
3,  478,  404 
3,  324,  839 
3,  538, 195 

d. 

11.3 
9.9 
9.7 
9.3 

1888  

Pounds. 

99,  685,  415 
113,  699, 150 
113, 157,  230 

£. 

4,  022,  032 
4,  560,  861 
4,  742,  739 

d. 

9.7 
9.6 
10.1 

1885  

1  1889  

1836...  

1890  

1887  

The  quantity  of  greasy  wool,  it  will  be  observed,  exported  in  1890  was  much  higher 
than  in  any  previous  year  shown  except  1889,  and  the  total  value  of  such  wool  was 
higher  than  in  any  of  those  years.  The  average  price  of  greasy  wool  in  1890,  although 
higher  than  in  the  previous  five  years,  shows  a  decline  as  compared  with  1880,  of  li  d. 
a  pound,  or  of  about  11  per  cent,  (b) 

a  The  proportion  of  greasy  to  all  kinds  of  wool  exported  was  68  per  cent  in  1880, 
79  per  cent  in  1885,  76  per  cent  in  1886,  80  per  cent  in  1887,  84  per  cent  in  1888  and 
1889,  and  85'5  per  cent  in  1890. 

b  Hayter's  Victorian  Year  Book,  1890-91. 


I 


670 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


NEW  SOUTH  WALES. 

Number  of  Sheep.* 


I860 
1861 
1862 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 


Number. 

YEARS. 

Number. 

6,  119, 163 

1871  

16,  278,  697 

5, 615, 054 

1872  

17,  566,  048 

6, 145,  651 

1873  

18,  990,  595 

7,  730,  969 

1874  

22,  797,  416 

8,  271,  520 

1875  

25,  353, 924 

8, 132,  511 

1876  

25,  269,  755 

11,562,155 

1877  

21,521,662 

13,  909,  574 

1878  

25,  479,  484 

15,  080,  625 

1879  

30,  062,  910 

14,  989,  923 

1880  

35,  398, 121 

16, 308,  585 

1881  

36,  591,  946 

1882.. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1889. 
1890. 
1891. 


Number. 


36, 
37, 
31, 
37, 
39, 
46, 
46, 
50, 
55, 
61, 


114,  814 
915,510 
660,  321 
820,  906 
169,  304 
965, 152 
503,  469 
106,  768 
986, 431 
831, 416 


a  Returns  of  the  inspector  of  stock. 

Increase  1860  to  1870,  166.5  per  cent;  1870  to  1880,  117.1  per  cent;  1880  to  1886,  10.7  per  cent;  1886  to 
1891,  57.9  per  cent. 

Sheep  in  New  South  Wales. 


1886 


ELECTORAL  DISTRICTS. 


Albury  .  

A  r  gyle  

Balmain  

Miscellaneous  

Balranald  

The  Bogan  

Bourke  

Braidwood  

Burrowa  

Camden  (Camden)  

(Campbelltown)  

(Berrima)  

(Picton)  

Canterbury  

Miscellaneous  

Carcoar  

The  Clarence  

Central  Cumberland   

(Liverpool) . . . 
(Parramatta) . 
Miscellaneous 

(Ryde)  

Durham  

Eden  

Forbes  

Glen  Innes  

Gloucester  

Goulburn  

Grafton  


Sheep. 


Number. 
65,  732 
352,  388 
5 

2,  788 
2,  579,  601 
2,  420,  940 
5, 180, 161 
48,  298 
280, 518 
5,  638 
2,  413 
15,  724 
2,  782 
281 
29 

535,  906 
310 
233 
1,815 
22 
6 
140 
2,  383 
2,  223 
1,  211,  222 
281, 401 
1,071 
96 
2,818 


1892 


Sheep. 


Number. 
72, 007 
450,  212 


3,728,906 
5, 161,  852 
7,  506,  313 

86,  458 
632,  096 

46,  041 


Lambs 
marked 
during 
year. 


Number. 
13,  919 
83,  664 


3, 102 


1,  033,491 
248 


5,  309 


1, 143,  423 
1,  272,  049 
2, 196,  915 
10,  013 
124, 982 
2, 716 


42 


189,  359 
11 


81 


3,019 
14, 482 
2, 403, 173 
260,  060 
678 
69 
3,  815 


246 
2, 752 
660,  408 
25, 740 
132 
2 

289 


gyA  irtiAiaft.    AArn  M  A  imtttt"  A  riTTTRKS  OF  WOOL. 


186 

m 
m 
m 
m 

18' 
18 
18 
18 
18 
18 


J 
J 
] 


] 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Sheep  in  New  South  Wales— Continued. 


671 


ELECTORAL  DISTRICTS. 


1886 


Sheep. 


Grenfell  

Gundagai  

G-unnedah  

The  Gwydir  

Hartley..  

The  Hastings  and  Maiming. .  - 

The  Hawkesbury  

The  Hume  

The  Hunter  .'  

The  Upper  Hunter  

Illawarra  

Inverell  

Kiama  

The  Macleay  

East  Macquarie  

West  Macquarie  

East  Maitland  

Molong  

Monaro  

Morpeth  

Mudgee  

The  Murray  

The  Murrumhidgee  

The  Namoi  

The  Nepean  

Newcastle  

New  England  

Newtown  

Northumberland  

Orange  

Paddington  

Patrick's  Plains  

Queanbeyan  

Redfern,  miscellaneous  

The  Richmond  

Shoalhaven  

St.  Leonards  

Miscellaneous... 
South  Sydney,  miscellaneous  . 
West  Sydney,  miscellaneous  . 

Tamworth  

Tenterfield  

Tumut  

Wellington  -  

Wentworth  

AYollombi  

Yass  Plains  

Young  

Sturt  

Wilcannia  


Number. 

1,  233,  641 
611,  762 
990,  611 

1, 135, 466 
61,  302 
2, 153 
3,055 
1, 488,  274 
4,  878 
811, 739 

1,  422 
253,  461 

740 
468 
143,  682 
85, 457 
3,  641 
327, 114 
994, 051 

2,  756 
269, 461 

1, 854, 312 
3,  835, 457 
908,  815 
8,  552 
50 

1,070, 144 
5 

443 
75,  335 
9 

65, 660 
338,  608 
3 

1,506 
2,  203 
294 
3 
1 
65 

521,  697 
113,  824 
319, 068 
•     265, 956 

2,  606,  329 

504 
499,  745 
640,  956 


1892 


Sheep. 


Number. 
2, 474,  676 
843,  564 
1,915,  584 
2,  729,  461 
91,  726 
1,  694 
1,746 
2, 024, 027 
4,148 
1, 190,  406 
858 
542,  667 
828 
203 
287,  281 
159, 292 
283 
629, 298 

1,  410, 406 

768 
498,  233 

2,  706,  962 
5, 790,  817 
2,  661, 300 

3,534 
70 

1,  478,  466 


230 
221, 176 


97,  550 
627,  378 


1,233 
1,458 
203 


7,  253 

1, 120,  563 
88,  665 
233, 949 
457, 960 
1, 293,  730 
1,307 
856, 237 
1,  252,  468 
1, 447, 948 
1,  402, 181 


672 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Sheep  in  New  South  Wales  by  Sheep  Districts,  1891. 


Albury   

Armidale  

Balranald  

Bath  ur  st  

Berrima  

Borabala  

Bourke  

Braid  wood  

Brewarrina  

Broulee  

Cannonbar  

Carcoar  

Casino  

Cobar  

Condobolin  

Cooma  

Coonabarabran 

Coonambie  

Corowa  

Denilquin  

Denman  

Dubbo  


Sheep. 

Number. 

862,  650 
1,  655,  663 
510,  093 
773, 952 
48,  843 
442,  786 
3,  328,  810 
95,  798 
1,479,  862 
3,053 
1,  709,  055 
972, 114 
1,372 

1,  494,  609 

2,  313,  513 
997,  055 

1,  277,  985 
1,  963, 441 
1,  009,  657 
1,  556,  892 
45,  250 
2, 112,  755 


DISTRICTS. 


Eden  

Forbes  

Glen  Innes  . 
Goulburn . . . 

Grafton  

Gundagai... 

Hay  

Hillston 

Hume  

Ivanhoe  

Kiama  

Maitland  ... 
M  en  indie  . . . 

Merriwa  

Molong  

Moree  

Moulainein  . 

Mudgee  

Murrurundi 
Narrandera. 

Narrabri  

Picton  


Sheep. 

Number. 

7,  248 
2,  233,  076 
800,  290 
496,  787 
4,  219 
1,  256,  584 
1,  916,  707 
905,  982 
671,  916 
831,  204 
3,280 
7,  598 
1,  078,  256 
504,  463 
1,  233,  484 
1,  420,  834 
841, 146 
677, 481 
525,  607 
1,  646,  711 
931,  465 
6, 434 


Pilliga  

Port  Macquarie 
Port  Stephens  . 
Queanbeyan  . . . 

Singleton  

Sydney   

Tamworth  

Tenterfield   

Tweed-Lisinore 

Urana  , 

Wagga  Wagga 

Walgett  

Wanaaring  

Warialda  

"Went  worth  

Wilcannia  

Windsor  

Yass  

Young  

Total  


Sheep. 

Number. 
651,  423 
1,293 
1,246 
648, 607 
116,  697 
8,  000 
2,  777,  380 
125,  689 
620 

1, 157, 116 
2,  427,  319 
2,  326,  942 
1,  599.  913 

1,  435,  764 
635, 176 

2,  067,  213 

4,848 
699,  580 
2,  494,  610 

61,  831,  416 


Quantities  and  Values  of  Wool  Imported  into  and  Exported  from  New 

South  Wales,  1875  to  1892. 


YEARS. 

IMPORTS. 

EXPORTS. 

Wool,  raw. 

Wool 

,  raw. 

Pounds. 

£. 

Pounds. 

£. 

8,  357,  279 

441,  856 

47,  628,  810 

3, 193,  320 

6,  765.  995 

331,  606 

54,  872,  771 

3,  299,  738 

1877  

4,  646,  262 

368,  049 

107, 897, 141 

5,  626,  602 

1878  

5,  419,  582 

285,  393 

1  116,005,930 

5,  960,  206 

1879  

6,  454,  370 

312,  496 

129, 123,  573 

6,  769,  294 

1880  

10,  945,  936 

519,  608 

162, 486,  322 

8,  437,  534 

1881  

8.  096, 141 

355,  626 

147, 183,  687 

7,  530,  792 

1882  

8,  316, 114 

389,  806 

153,  351,354 

7,  773,  704 

1883  

16,  765,  446 

665,  649 

199,  638,  895 

10, 136,  244 

1884  

11, 404, 239 

486,  946 

183, 016,  518 

9,  382,  499 

1885  

12,  798,  959 

543,141 

178,  373,  425 

7,  678,  247 

1886  

7,  800,  721 

279,  686 

178,  650,  611 

7,  201,  976 

1887  

8,  225,  080 

313, 221 

224,  295, 209 

9,  200,  071 

1888  

7,  317,  827 

237,  647 

243,  256,  253 

9,  358,  515 

1889  

8,  695,  393 

330,  072 

266,  229,  029 

10, 785,  070 

1890  

7,  752,  553 

277, 110 

243, 738, 266 

9,  232,  672 

1891  

12, 163,  554 

385, 493 

340,  691,  382 

11,  312,  984 

1892  

15,  628,  621 

502,  769 

323,  052, 014 

10, 514, 147 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL.  673 
Exports  of  Wool  by  Countries. 


GREASY. 


COUNTRIES. 

1889 

1890 

1891 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Yalue. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

United  Kingdom  

Germany  

Italy  

Pounds. 
102,  014, 965 
62,  383,  739 
126,  804 
18, 674,509 
19, 121,  914 
645, 227 
13,  908, 127 
28,  832 

£ 

3, 751,  732 
2,  391,  019 
5,  280 
525, 163 
652,  211 
23,  915 
481, 988 
1,262 

Pounds. 
83,  541, 818 
58,  712,  853 
55, 104 
13, 114,  222 
25,  381,  970 
3, 169,  973 
10, 113,  509 
58,  942 

£ 

2, 797,  228 
2, 038,258 
2, 000 
414, 118 
844, 191 
103,  554 
348,  722 
2, 130 

Pounds. 
133,  304, 191 
69,  633,  703 
31,872 
15, 799, 916 
33,  620,  273 
11,999,  501 
14, 433, 596 
30,  883 
21,  705 

£ 

3,  956,  349 
2, 371,  558 
1,041 
444,  703 
928,  624 
321, 414 
399,  739 
869 
780 

5,  279 

219 

18,  700 
451,  729 

620 
16, 154 

Total  

174,  532 

7, 054 

2, 593,  613 

86, 181 

217,  083,  928 

7, 839,  843 

194,  618,  820 

6,  566,  975 

281, 469,  253 

8,  511,  258 

WASHED. 


United  Kingdom  

29,  665,  523 

1, 842,  073 

27,  060,  796 

1,  580, 176 

35,  287,  619 

1,  785,  001 

Victoria  

8,  315, 774 

560,  338 

8,  063,  440 

482,  531 

8,  037,  459 

406, 046 

South  Australia  

4,  465, 128 

246,  733 

2,  907,  593 

144, 891 

2,  621,  208 

127,  581 

292,  574 

14, 629 

260 

11 

Hongkong  

320 

16 

16,  572 

1,110 

37,  033 

2, 146 

8,  842 

455 

1, 212, 133 

66,  457 

2,  600,  984 

156,  255 

2,  054,  399 

90,  990 

France   

637,  940 

35,  722 

565,  329 

31,  598 

1, 884,  406 

88, 139 

Germany  

379,  548 

23,  939 

409,  515 

23, 236 

163,  092 

8, 185 

6, 860 

462 

59,  083 

3,  570 

16,  572 

902 

215 

15 

235 

18 

309 

21 

United  States  

69,  544 

3,  928 

51, 727 

2,  800 

Total  

44,  769,  556 

2,  780,  793 

41,  704,  008 

2,  424, 421 

50,  418, 467 

2,  524, 760 

Exports  of  W^ools 

of  Domestic  Product. 

YEARS. 

Washed. 

Greasy. 

Total. 

Pounds. 

£ 

Pounds. 

£ 

Pounds: 

1877  

28,  574, 793 

2, 095,  676 

73,  575, 453 

3, 160,  362 

102, 150,  246 

5,  256,  038 

1878  

42, 467, 319 

2,  851,  367 

69, 365,  698 

2,  871,  949 

111,833,  017 

5, 723, 316 

1879  

36,  546,  765 

2,  642, 228 

87, 163,  685 

3,  848,  970 

123,  710,  450 

6,  491, 198 

1880  ,  

38,  420,  884 

2,  764,  006 

116, 450,  948 

5,  276,  619 

154,  871, 832 

8,  040,  625 

1881  

31,  626,  937 

2,  234,  052 

107,  974,  569 

4,  915,  735 

139,  601,  506 

7, 149,  787 

1882  

35, 426, 762 

2, 541,584 

110,  794, 420 

4,  891,  507 

146,  221, 182 

7,  433,  091 

40,  742, 148 

3,  081,  060 

147, 419,  562 

6,  517,  701 

188, 161,  710 

9,  598,  761 

1884.,  

39,  876,  626 

3,056,751 

134, 109,  677 

5,  896,  349 

173,  986,  303 

8,  953, 100 

1885  

36,  605, 455 

2,  327,  639 

131,  546,  204 

4,  919,  003 

168, 151,  659 

7,  246,  642 

1886  

41,  167, 786 

2,  444,  685 

132,  517,  854 

4,  583,  911 

173,  985,  640 

7,  028,  596 

1887  

47,  546,  506 

2,  929,  602 

168,  903,  836 

5,  981,553 

216,  450,  342 

8,911,155 

1888  

40,  896, 489 

2,  381,  386 

194, 952,  455 

6,  708,  390 

235,  848,  944 

9,  089,  776 

1889.  

44,  769,  556 

2,  780,  793 

217,  083,  928 

7,  839,  843 

261,  853, 484 

10,  620,  636 

1890  

41,704, 008 

2,  424,  421 

194,  618,  820 

6,  566, 975 

236, 322,  828 

8,  991,  396 

1891  

50, 418,  467 

2,  524, 760 

281, 469,  253 

8,  511, 258 

331, 887,  720 

11,  036.  018 

H.  Mis.  94  43 


674 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


WESTERN  AUSTRALIA. 

Number  of  Sheep  in  Western  Australia. 


Blackwood  

Champion  Bay — 

Fremantle  

Gascoyne  

Greenough  

Irwin  

Kimberley,  East. 

West 

Murray  

North  

Perth  


Sheep. 


Number. 
23, 377 
236,  921 
1,128 
279,  750 
38,  552 
111,  954 
96 

129, 714 
9,  343 

329,  540 
9,  802 


DISTRICTS. 


Sheep. 


Planta  genet 

Rottnest  

Sussex  

Swan  

Toodyay  

Wellington 
Williams  . . 

York  

Yilgarn  

Total 


Number. 
120,  676 
60 
363 
8,851 
153,205 
20,  044 
88,  593 
123,  362 
169 

1,  685,  500 


Exports  of  Eaw  Wool. 


1883, 
1884, 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 


Quantity. 


own  as. 
861,  927 
272, 948 

968,  000 
139,  917 
675,  713 
475,  240 
501,695 

969,  380 
783,  073 
712,  080 


Value  per 
pound. 

s.  d. 
1  2 
1  2 
1  0 
1  1 
1  0 
1  0 
10 
9 
9 
9 


Exports  of  Wtool  from  Western  Australia. 


1892 

COUNTRIES. 

1S91 

1890 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

5,  723,  840 

214,  644 

7,  864,  647 

5, 127,  594 

Victoria  

23,  760 

891 

168, 150 

154,  420 

303, 120 

11,  367 

297,  017 

197,977 

Singapore   

2,  549,  600 

95,  610 

453,  259 

1,  489,  389 

Mahe  

111,  760 

4, 191 

Total  

8,  712,  080 

326,  703 

8,  783,  073 

6,  969,  380 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


675 


QUEENSLAND. 

Number  of  Sheep  in  Queensland. 


POLICE  DISTRICT. 


Avadale  

Allora  

Aramac  

Arrillalah  

Augathella  

Banana  

Barcaldine  

BlackaU  

Bollon  

Boulia  

Bom  en  

Brisbane  

Bundaberg  

Burke  

Caboolture  

Cairns  

Caniooweal  

Charleville  

Cbarters  Towers 

Clermont  

Clone  urry  

Condanrine  

Crows  Nest  

Croydon   

Cunnamulla  

Dalby  

Diamantina. 

Eidsvold  

Esk  

Eulo  

Gatton  

Gayndah   

Gladstone  

Goondiwindi  

Gympie  

Higlifields  


1890 


umber. 
615, 608 
103, 131 
789.  922 
,  165, 472 
390,  872 
.  19,086 
749, 174 
,  008,  385 
315,  671 
108,416 
9,  715 
3,  208 
874 
1 

386 
34 

24,  000 
594, 148 
1,932 
664, 966 
317,362 
31, 183 
850 
1,  000 
827,  608 
587, 990 
7,944 
10,  868 
1, 142 
58,  930 
1,449 
7,  552 
3,  243 
222, 452 
3,368 
2, 555 


1886 


Number. 
309, 857 
135, 967 

1, 538,  551 


215,  384 
12,  547 


808,  368 
144,  551 
63,  263 
11, 006 
'  2,  895 
2,  226 
12,  957 


119,  387 
1,589 
276, 703 
173, 989 
82,  539 


399,  302 
509,  924 
441 


3,  528 
190, 392 

2,  504 
33, 975 
2,116 
192,  901 

4,  803 
3,417 


POLICE  DISTRICT. 


Hughenden  

Hungerford  — 

Ingle  wood  

Ipswich  

Isist'ord  

Leylmrn  

Logan   

Marburg  

Maryborough. . 

Mitcliell  

Moonie  

Muttaburra  . . . 

Nanango   

Nebo  

Norman  

Normanby  

llockliampton  . 

Roma  

St.  George  

St.  La  wrence.  - . 

Springsure  

Stanthorpe  .... 

Surat  

Tambo  

Taroom  

Tenningering. . 
Tbargomindali 

Tiaro   

Toowoomba  

Townsville  

Warwick  

AVindorak  

Wmton  


Total . 


1890 


18,  007,  234 


NinnbeY . 

Nuyriber . 

873, 188 

446,  378 

259,  491 

62,  612 

70,  796 

355 

669 

934,  214 

703,  891 

64,  056 

55,  973 

839 

1,  003 

214 

327 

2,  895 

3,032 

319,  840 

63, 331 

1,741 

1,  623,  745 

28,  235 

27, 870 

1,  537 

2,400 

38,  323 

30, 779 

9,  880 

21, 092 

5,  342 

5,  556 

207,  522 

111,  904 

752,  786 

471,  651 

959 

2,  684 

267,  522 

157, 503 

80,  824 

101, 196 

191,662 

119, 683 

494,  700 

284, 155 

18,  995 

28, 491 

762 

7, 168 

585,  720 

178, 443 

288 

600 

781,  203 

753,  631 

3,  741 

10, 173 

94, 137 

194,397 

658,  752 

137,  521 

990,  515 

439,  305 

I.iiave  omitted  a  dozen  districts  in  which  the  number  of  sheep  is  less  than  200. 
The  total,  therefore,  will  not  answer  to  the  aggregate  of  the  details  by  that  amount. 


676 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


Statement  showing  the  Quantities  and  Values  of  Wool  Exported  from 
Queensland  for  each  year  from  1875  to  1892,  inclusive. 


1875 
1876 
1877, 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882, 
1883 


WOOL,  RAW. 


Quantity. 


Pounds. 
20, 145,  914 

22,  918,  560 

23,  980,  485 
21,  668, 122 
22, 582,  834 

24,  360,  723 

25,  388,  013 
24,  763, 149 
43,  231,  606 


Value. 
£ 

1,  366,  030 
1,499,  576 
1,499,  682 
1, 185,  659 
1,  238,  518 
1,  387,  530 
1,  331,  869 

1,  329,  019 

2,  277,  878 


881 

885 
88<5 
887 
888 
889 
890 
891 
892 


WOOL,  RAW. 


Quantity. 

Value. 

Pounds. 

£ 

oO,          t)  i  i 

1    QQ(\  r.i\i 
I ,  oo:>,  aU4 

42,  472,  071 

1 , 779,  682 

28,  700,516 

] ,  41 3,  908 

47,  482,  926 

2,  368,  711 

50,  675,  289 

2,  258,  365 

59,  228,  753 

2,  680, 134 

55,  584,  370 

2, 524,  742 

80,  992,  SOO 

3,  453,  548 

105,  228,  383 

4,  262, 157 

Exports  of  Wool  from  Queensland. 


1886 

1887 

1888 

COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH  EX- 

PORTED. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Clean  wool : 

Pounds. 

£ 

Pounds. 

£ 

Pounds. 

£ 

United  Kingdom  

7, 194,  867 

517, 473 

10, 194,  918 

712,  660 

6,  791,  729 

465,  995 

New  South  Wales  

2,  055, 084 

143,  034 

4,  645, 244 

324,  435 

2,  934,  892 

184, 685 

165, 779 

11, 478 

355, 739 

22,  945 

152,  949 

9,  472 

13,  450 

672 

Total  

9, 415,  730 

671, 985 

15,  209, 351 

1, 060,  712 

9,  879,  570 

660, 152 

Greasy : 

United  Kingdom  

13,  650,  824 

526,  682 

23, 115, 901 

944,  200 

31,  018,  910 

1,  226,  689 

New  South  Wales  

4,  633,  664 

176, 960 

8, 255,  661 

330, 650 

8,  204, 104 

311,  060 

Victoria  

1,000,328 

38,  281 

723, 862 

27, 178 

1,  572, 705 

60,  464 

South  Australia  

178, 151 

5, 971 

Total  

19, 284, 816 

741,  923 

32,  273, 575 

1, 307, 999 

40, 795,  719 

1,  598,  213 

COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH  EXPORTED. 


Clean  wool  : 

United  Kingdom  . 
New  South  Wales 

Victoria  

South  Australia  . . 

Total  

Greasy : 

United  Kingdom  . 
New  South  Wales 

Victoria  

South  Australia . . 

Total  


1889 


Quantity. 


Pounds. 
8,  715, 411 
3,  090,  317 
652,  211 
58,  800 


12,  516,  739 


34,  077, 174 
9, 107, 261 
3, 408,  602 
118,  977 


46,  712,  014 


Value. 
£ 

586, 796 
206, 118 
38,  531 
2,940 


834,  835 


1,  358, 137 
349,  218 
134, 226 
4, 168 


1,  845,  749 


1890 


Quantity. 


Pomids. 
8, 019,  844 
3,  330,  033 
413,  817 
1,  646 


11,  765,  340 


31,  810,  392 
9, 113, 425 
2,  720,  020 
175, 193 


43,819,  030 


Value. 


527,  726 
210, 072 
25,  577 
107 


763,  482 


1,  294,  262 
359,  501 
*    99, 242 
8,  255 


1,  761,  260 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


677 


SOUTH  AUSTRALIA. 


Quantities  and  Values  of  Wool  Imported  into  and  Exported  from  South 

Australia,  1875  to  1892. 


YEARS. 

IMPORTS. 

EXPORTS. 

Wool, 

raw. 

Wool,  raw. 

Pounds. 

£ 

Pounds. 

£ 

1875  

7, 165, 355 

377, 699 

44, 508,  674 

2,066,227 

1876  

9,  086,  734 

438,  079 

43, 068,  795 

1,836,  299 

1877  

3,  386, 827 

143,  340 

50, 616,  902 

2, 189, 418 

1878  

13,  414,  375 

667,  891 

67,  982,  463 

2, 417,  397 

1879  

9,  693,  656 

437, 190 

49,  402, 149 

1,  984, 879 

1880  

10,  009,  719 

508,  397 

51, 544, 118 

2,  065, 176 

8, 160,  235 

338, 659 

50,  336,  040 

1,  911,  927 

17,  775,  666 

863,  874 

57,  926,  306 

2, 400,  563 

1883 

13, 209  299 

661, 178 

55,  463,  920 

2, 406,  768 

16,  816,  068 

793,  206 

64, 112,  240 

2,  616,  626 

1885  

6,  924,  785 

259, 903 

52,  254, 432 

1,  671,  775 

1886  

17,  602, 167 

734,  867 

58, 493,  555 

1,  955,  207 

1887  

19,  986,  481 

720,  229 

62,  075, 113 

2,  036,  801 

1888  

9, 061,  003 

283,  534 

50,  596, 091 

1,610,  456 

1889  :  

24,  098,  655 

848, 330 

63,  331,  639 

2, 194,  701 

1890  

17,  669, 174 

580,  489 

53, 438,  971 

1,  871, 377 

1891  

19,  990,  333 

627,  361 

66,  977,  214 

2, 166, 125 

1892  

16,  808,  837 

527, 934 

63, 868, 922 

1,  954,  403 

Number  of  Sheep  in  South  Australia. 


DIVISION  AND 
COUNTY. 

1873-'74 

1874-'75 

1875->76 

1876-' 7  7 

1877-»78 

1878-' 79 

1879~>80 

1880-'8l 

Central  division. 

118,  239 

143,  871 

155,  377 

155,  800 

129,  497 

146,  266 

122,  819 

145  318 

Albert  

103,000 

99, 714 

105,  000 

102,  287 

108, 500 

78,  307 

94, 554 

109,  045 

Alfred..  

28, 000 

31,  520 

43,  500 

46,  070 

44,  200 

47, 166 

56, 485 

73, 736 

Carnaracon  

15,  880 

17,  544 

18,980 

19, 151 

23, 114 

28,  807 

26,441 

102,  254 

143, 178 

136,  288 

134,  362 

131,  366 

136,  395 

121,  010 

94,  698 

Fergusson  

66,  993 

71,  433 

83,  056 

80,  955 

49,  009 

49,  921 

43,  761 

61,  565 

Gawler  

53, 788 

87, 290 

87,  686 

93,  374 

86,  276 

77,  078 

74,  095 

116,  238 

Hindmarsk  

114, 069 

144, 877 

162, 063 

182, 885 

161,  226 

162,  402 

147,  277 

174, 142 

Light  

107, 126 

114,  297 

119, 116 

105,372 

126,  932 

124,  437 

109,  650 

140,  815 

Sturt  

128,  959 

141, 106 

133,  383 

167,  243 

165,  865 

145, 074 

144,  701 

152,  252 

Total  

1,  022,  022 

990, 160 

943, 159 

1,  094, 250 

Lower  north. 

281,  080 

263,  057 

259,  447 

186,  272 

266,  571 

210, 143 

142,  664 

259, 840 

l>aly  

.  18,582 

50,  452 

52,  651 

56,  897 

50, 418 

67, 213 

71, 153 

74,  532 

Hamler  

8,013 

11,  425 

11,769 

21,  009 

24, 504 

42,  082 

54,  301 

65, 303 

Kiniberley  

88,  653 

38,  606 

39, 149 

85,  461 

36,  485 

112,  574 

102,  574 

77,  305 

219, 983 

322,  530 

259,  627 

279,  865 

290,  914 

256,  828 

302,  292 

333, 559 

Victoria  

242, 345 

260,  794 

211,  212 

233, 187 

229,  600 

265,  425 

216,  315 

274, 872 

Young  

61, 800 

26,  000 

20,  007 

27,  007 

21,  338 

37,  309 

25, 344 

35, 342 

Total  

 I  

919,  830 

991,  574 

914,  643 

1,120,  753 

G78 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Number  of  Sheep  in  South  Australia — Continued. 


DIVISION  AND 
COUNTY. 

1873-74 

1874-  75 

1875-  70 

1876 -'77 

1877-'78 

1878~'79 

1879  '80 

1880-'S1 

Upper  north. 
Blatchford  

1 04  094 

97  9,53 

98,  628 
76, 465 
38,  877 

121,  042 
87,  287 
94,  265 

185, 144 
50, 400 

107, 138 

274, 862 

141, 043 
29, 421 
48,  720 
68, 467 
52,  610 

107, 096 

181,  366 
41, 206 
25,  701 

134,  377 

122, 136 
42, 978 
33,  336 

126,  966 
40,  365 
59,  394 

133,  852 
62,  067 
74,  619 

127, 185 

Dalhousie  

Derby  

182,  049 

146,  856 

135, 801 

101,747  !  66,064 
11,000  |  21,000 
163,531  1  132,622 
147,780  1  122,162 
138,  238  1    155, 166 
122,712  1  259,452 
18  700        67.  000 

Frome  

Granville  

275,  457 

309,  926 

246,  219 

Hanson  

Herbert  

Lyttle  

Newcastle  

102, 121 
12!),  263 

85,  051 
127,  037 

Taunton  

Total  

1, 132,  807 

1, 134, 108 

830, 007 

852,  898 

Southeastern. 

Buckingham  

Card  well  

Grey  

McDonnell  

Robe  

Russell  

Total 

119,  403 
33,817 
581,  566 
204,  678 
510,  228 
89,  866 

128, 524 
26,  241 
618,  926 
229,  011 
443,  522 
143, 200 

108,  .547 
54,  267 
643,  426 
216,  675 
388,  771 
143,  301 

123, 167 
fi'-i  son 
672,  802 
233, 696 
499,  410 
150,  581 

99,  764 
64,  441 
559,  842 
226,  294 
476, 170 
141,  979 

94, 665 
71, 177 
524,  812 
231,  686 
452, 148 
144,  378 

117, 109 
70,  513 
529,  735 
229, 195 
436,  327 
143,  671 

114,  920 
79,  000 
651,  755 
200,  597 
378,  942 
134,  390 

1 

1,  568,  490 

1,518,  886 

1,  526,  550 

1,  559,  604 

Western. 
Duffey  

 1 

Flinders  

171,  079 

151, 980 

144,  839 

165,  667 

175, 919 

158, 879 

156, 409 

167,  667 

Jervois  

24,  513 

20,  53o 

O  f>     n  AO 

2o,  802 

170,  372 

172,  854 

157,  034 

157, 141 

163, 255 

Way  

Total 

348,  773 

340  426 

334,  088 

357,  724 

Total  countries  

Remainder  of  prov- 
ince   

Grand  total . . 

3,  911,  027 
1,  706,  392 

4, 164,  216 
1,  955,  995 

3,  988,  521 

ft 

2, 190,  874 

5,  095,  637 
1.  037,  654 

4,  991,  922 
1,106, 437 

4,  975, 134 
1,  402, 678 

4,  548,  447 
1,  591,949 

4, 985,  229 
1,458,  675 

5,  617,  419 

6,  120,  211 

6,179,  395 

6, 133,  291 

6,  098,  359 

6,  377,  812 

6,140,396  j  6,443,904 

DIVISION  AND 
COUNTY. 

1881-'82 

1882-'83 

1883-'84 

1884-?85 

1889'90 

1890-91 

1891*92 

1892*93 

Central  division. 

Adelaide  

Albert  

Alfred  

Carnaracon  

Eyre  

Ferg  us  son  

Hindmarsh  

Light  

Sturt  

Total  

158,812 
121, 680 
61,  700 
36,  006 
118,  214 
71, 154 
103,  835 
189,  343 
142,  964 
154,  509 

137,  707 
75,  941 
44,113 
34, 187 
112,  543 
69,  359 
104,  387 
191,  220 
123,  827 
151, 179 

161, 134 
84,  268 
17,  379 
25,  372 
113, 296 
69,  591 
120,  854 
216,  899 
130, 423 
158,  465 

145,  060 
46,  859 
20,  048 
17,  259 
90,  500 
63, 485 
105,  412 
201, 619 
145, 157 
188,  944 

122,  825 
18,  507 
14,  039 
18,  395 
110,  759 
78,  584 
76,  483 
174, 223 
124,  625 
167,  426 

136, 126 
16,  210 
13,  000 
21, 619 
97, 122 
125, 193 
103,  070 
191, 389 
127,  096 
167,  369 

143, 280 
13,  041 
23,  500 
21,  858 
93,  530 
122, 409 
102, 987 
175,  222 
120,  330 
171,  333 

130,  652 
6.492 
12,  600 
23, 161 
76,  572 
112,  882 
90,  341 
171,029 
118,478 
158,  304 

1, 158,  217 

1,  044,  46** 

i,  097,  681 

1,024,  343 

905,  8C6 

998, 194 

987,  490 

900,  511 

WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Number  of  Sheep  in  South  Australia— Continued. 


G79 


DIVISION  AND 
COUNTY. 

1  Csil  'CO 

loo--  cSo 

icon    i  o  4 

1884-'85 

1S89-  do 

ISOO-'OI 

1891-92 

1892-'9o 

Lower  north. 

Burra  

195,  294 

172,  609 

169,  876 

200,  855 

247, 856 

247,  247 

260,  724 

250,  735 

Daly  

73,  707 

58,  837 

67,  394 

68, 161 

100,214 

112, 802 

141,  404 

136,  294 

95  502 

78  400 

76  800 

71  420 

57  500 

40  980 

op;  Qon 

OO,  OoU 

oo,  <Uu 

Kimberlev  

77,  843 

48,  614 

55, 446 

50,  327 

02,  324 

79,  035 

82,  248 

70,  349 

Stanley  

312,  550 

308,  660 

301, 942 

334,  623 

345, 320 

374,  274 

373,  310 

353, 136 

269, 176 

234, 992 

299,  748 

306,  469 

313,  621 

347,  501 

368,  356 

338, 419 

Young  

53,  055 

44,  450 

46, 450 

17,728 

22,  814 

22,  555 

14,  309 

2,  635 

Total  

1,  077, 187 

946,  562 

1,  017,  656 

1,  049,  583 

1, 149,  649 

1,  224,  394 

1,  276,  231 

1  185  268 

Upper  north  . 

Blatchford  

105,  242 

113, 141 

77,  718 

81, 973 

78,  336 

100,  060 

102,  068 

91,300 

43,  758 

41,  604 

61,  279 

72,  643 

56,  640 

84,  038 

110,  387 

84,  642 

44,  500 

26,  800 

90,  400 

69,  500 

57,  069 

114, 653 

59,  214 

49, 200 

115,  006 

114,  698 

157,  358 

165,  767 

128,  941 

185,  844 

236, 067 

185,  030 

55,  527 

45,  238 

52,  003 

29,  648 

36, 319 

68,  894 

67,  085 

48,  738 

T-To  n  G  ATI 

97  209 

110  542 

86  928 

68  024 

49  233 

91, 372 

132  143 

121  302 

290, 833 

82, 131 

80,  516 

55, 448 

39,  392 

57,  357 

91,  506 

75,  980 

71,  371 

92,  536 

13,  700 

118, 113 

75, 501 

31,  357 

101,  626 

107,  221 

Newcastle  

50,  578 

77,  590 

63,  864 

54,  577 

66,  808 

90,  568 

134,282 

103,  556 

130, 174 

131,165 

122,  668 

125, 480 

126, 456 

170,299 

216,  289 

189, 137 

Total  

1,  004, 198 

835,  445 

806,  434 

841, 173 

714,  695 

994,  442 

1,  250,  66'7 

1,  056, 186 

Southeastern. 

Buckingham  

114,  222 

96,  875 

111,  659 

100, 192 

80,  677 

75,  737 

79,  601. 

70,  322 

78  350 

111  153 

63  100 

57  900 

11  300 

15  840 

17  380 

15  377 

Grey  

651, 567 

586, 174 

634,  947 

629, 700 

617. 049 

600,  382 

662,  581 

681, 6C6 

213, 439 

214, 142 

197,  673 

197, 579 

193,  646 

196,  357 

181,  316 

201, 068 

Robe  

361,  672 

400,  729 

404,  581 

414,  766 

400,  348 

378,  977 

392,  378 

421,  701 

Russell  

156,  371 

150,  566 

174,  829 

167, 918 

145,  307 

121,  321 

117, 486 

112, 169 

Total  

1,  575,  621 

1,  559,  639 

1,  586,  789 

I,  568,  055 

1,  448,  327 

1,  388,  614 

1,  450,  742 

1,  502,  243 

Western. 

Duffey  

15,  465 

11,  200 

63, 000 

Flinders  

164,  917 

157, 129 

170, 134 

160.  618 

163,  348 

181,  824 

195,  547 

196,  556 

Hopetoun  

35,  803 

Jervois  

19,  350 

15, 067 

15, 210 

21, 182 

21,  951 

39,  455 

30,  945 

21,  911 

66  703 

43  550 

22  250 

^Manchester 

105,  977 

71,  464 

84,  085 

Musgrove  

164,  485 

176,  397 

197,  242 

172,  838 

134,  565 

131, 180 

118,  739 

120, 714 

Robinson  

141, 723 

151,  602 

89,  056 

97, 191 

102,  599 

78,  658 

Way   

.113,  090 

14, 420 

17,  020 

15,  990 

Total  

348,  752 

348,  593 

524, 309 

512,  240 

522,  010 

652, 215 

591,  064 

638. 967 

Total  counties  

5, 163,  975 

4,734,702 

5,  032,  869 

4,  995,  394 

4,  740,  547 

5,  257,  859 

5,  556, 194 

5,  283, 175 

Rem  ainder  of  prov- 

ince   

1,  640,  402 

1,  647,  400 

1,637,  594 

1,  650,  012 

1,  646,  070 

1,  746, 783 

2,  090,  045 

1,  868, 872 

Grand  total . . 

6,  804,  377 

6,  382, 102 

6,  670,  463 

6,  645,  406 

6,  386,  617 

7,  004,  642 

7,  646,  239 

7, 152,  047 

680 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 
Exports  of  Wool  from  South  Australia. 


COUNTRY    TO    WHICH  EX- 
PORTED. 

1888  , 

1889 

1S90 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Grease : 

United  Kingdom  

Victoria  

Founds. 

30,  705,  363 
4,  388, 180 
16,  799 
1,  542,  271 
905  317 
330,  040 

£ 

872,  380 
145, 196 
437 
53, 437 
27, 192 
11,  765 

Founds. 

33,  507,  626 
4,  007, 193 

£ 

1, 007,  909 
149,  973 

Pounds. 
27, 903, 422 
4,  782,  256 

£ 

888, 927 
180, 299 

Belgium  

France  

Germany  

1,830,  402 
1, 163  801 
71,  682 

55,  792 
32, 497 
2,  094 

1, 750,  038 
582  222 
138  925 
19  584 

52, 225 
19  768 
4  125 
490 

Total  

Washed : 

United  Kingdom  

Victoria  

37,  887,  970 

1, 110,  407 

40,  580,  704 

1,  248,  265 

35, 176,  447 

1, 145,  834 

4,  044,  oOl 
470,  706 

23, 005 

O,  OlO,  40o 

542,  070 

zoo,  yoi 
28,  423 

o,  40U,  UUO 

654,  395 

17Z,  094 
35, 234 

Belgium  

3, 980 

199 

156,  750 
30,  480 

7, 837 
1,480 

Total  

5,  019, 487 

243,  225 

245,  768 

293, 707 

4, 105,  000 

207,  928 

COUNTRY  TO  WHICH  EXPORTED. 


Grease : 

United  Kingdom  .. 

Victoria  

New  South  "Wales. 

Belgium  

France  

Germany  

United  States  


Total  

Washed : 

United  Kingdom . . . 

Victoria  

New  South  Wales. 

Belgium  

France  

Germany  

Total  


1891 


Quantity. 


Pounds. 
34,  696,  807 
4, 204,  755 


2,  851, 135 

3,  39'6, 137 
361,  397 


45,  510,  231 


4,  283, 164 
1, 592r535 
81,  000 
21,985 
7,285 
65,  285 


6,  051,  254 


Value. 


£ 

1,  025,  076 
131,  437 


79,  753 
92, 116 
12, 039 


- 1,  340,  421 


200, 579 
69, 669 
3,  200 
996 
357 
3,265 


278,  066 


1892 


Quantity. 


Pounds. 
28,  771,  553 
4,  405,  803 


2,  556,  530 
2,  597,  964 
1,  524,  389 


Value. 


£ 

805,  797 
137,  568 


58,  093 
63,  575 
45,  514 


39,  856,  239 


4,  690,  591 
1,  301,  006 


1,323 
1, 133 


5,  994,  053 


1, 110,  547 


212, 922 
56,  824 


00 
56 


269,  862 


WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  WOOL. 


681 


TASMANIA. 

Quantities  and  Values  of  Wool  Exported  from  Tasmania,  1875  to  1892. 


1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882, 
1883, 


Wool,  raw. 

YEARS. 

Wool,  raw. 

Pounds. 

£. 

Pounds. 

£. 

6, 199,  248 

433,  550 

1884  

8, 215, 101 

453,  567 

6,  848,  517 

439,  603 

1885  

5,  774, 142 

260, 480 

8,  016,  396 

522, 885 

1886  

8, 175, 780 

310,  934 

7,  512,  662 

479, 165 

1887  

9,  740,  230 

415, 425 

7,  385,  002 

407,227 

1888  

6,  977,  038 

306, 930 

9,  025,  228 

542,  244 

1889  

6,  240,  921 

283, 237 

8,  269,  724 

498, 400 

1890  

8,  984, 281 

419, 173 

7,  748,  542 

432,  768 

1891  

9,  378, 173 

418, 460 

8,  257,  765 

450,  367 

1892  

8,  437, 931 

329,  585 

NEW  ZEALAND. 


Values  of  Manufactures  of  Wool  Imported  into  and  the  Quantities  and 
Values  of  Wool  Exported  from  New  Zealand,  1875  to  1892. 


1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885, 
1886 
1887, 
1888 
1889, 
1890, 
1891 
1892. 


IMPORTS. 


Manufac- 
tures 
of  wool. 


216, 116 
137,  769 
107,  594 
137,  207 
174, 138 
105, 103 
97,  245 
155,  314 
130,  242 
100,  521 
119,  231 
104, 993 
97,  337 
91,  001 
125,  622 
150, 555 
149,  991 
214,  521 


Wool,  raw. 


Pounds. 
54,  401,  540 
59,  853,  454 

64,  481,  324 
59, 270,  256 
62, 220,  810 
66,  860, 150 
59, 521, 564 

65,  356,  867 
68, 182,  450 
81, 139,  028 
86,  542, 167 
90,  886,  820 
88,  858,  237 
83,  262,  589 

102,  227,  354 
102,  817,  077 
106,187, 114 
118, 180,  912 


398, 155 
395,  816 
658, 938 
292,  807 
126,  439 
169,  300 
214, 046 
119,837 
015, 461 
267,  527 
206,  360 
073,  729 
322,  068 
116,  068 
977, 375 
150,  599 
129,  686 
313, 307 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Acknowledgments   26 

Adana,  sheep  and  wool  in   649 

Adrianople  wool,  decision   196 

Africa,  exports  of  raw  wool  to  the  United  States   316 

exports  of  wool  manufactures  to  United  States,  1821-1893   321 

Aleppo,  sheep  and  wool  in  •  647 

Alpaca  noils,  decision   254 

Alum-tanned  sheepskin,  decision    281 

Angora  goat  hair   134(note) 

goatskins,  decision    146,  234 

sheep  and  wool  of   641 

Aprons,  buggy,  decision   194 

carriage,  decision   279 

Argentine,  number  of  sheep  in,  1857-1887   657 

wool  product,  1857-1887   657 

export  duty   657 

exports  of  wool  and  sheepskins,  1866-1890   658 

wool  exports,  by  countries,  1888   659 

to  the  United  States   310 

wool  industry  of   659 

number  of  sheep  in,  by  provinces,  1888   660 

wool  production  compared  with  other  countries   661 

value  of  wool  product   662 

exports  in  1889,  by  countries   662 

exports,  1891-;92,  by  countries   663 

Asia,  exports  of  raw  wool  to  the  United  States   313 

exports  woolen  manufactures  to  United  States,  1821-1893    321 

wool  interests  of   635 

Assessment  of  duty,  highest  rate,  decision   136 

Astrachans,  decision  '   237 

Atlantic  ports,  imports  of  raw  wool  into,  1856-1893    323 

Australasia,  exports  of  raw  wool  to  the  United  States   316 

Australia,  movement  of  wool-growing  centers   6 

number  of  sheep  in,  1854-1892   665 

wools  of,"  in  France   514 

London  market,  1860-1893   574 

Austria-Hungary,  imports  of  wool,  1892   506 

import  duties  on  wool   474,  508 

exports  of  raw  wool  to  the  United  States   304 

exports  of  wool,  1892   507 

tariff  on  wool   508 

imports  and  exports  of  wool  and  manufactures  of,  1875- 

1891   509 

Bagdad,  sheep  and  wool  in   642 

Bagging  or  press  cloth,  decision   170 

683 


684  INDEX. 

Page. 

Bags,  brush,  decision   171 

Baizes.    (See  Carpets.) 

Bales,  weight  of  wool   20 

Balls,  tennis,  decision   212 

Balmorals,  duties  on   93 

imports  and  duties,  1865-^66   328 

1867-1883    360 

1884-1893    427 

Baltimore,  imports  of  raw  wool  into,  1856-1893    323 

Barbadoes  wool,  decision   143 

Baskets,  wool,  decision   189 

Bassorah,  sheep  and  wool  of   642 

Beirut,  sheep  and  wool  in   646 

Belgium,  wool  trade  of   509 

imports  of  raw  wool,  1885  and  1891   510 

1892   512 

exports  of  raw  wool,  1885  and  1891   510 

1892   512 

import  and  export  prices  of  wools,  1885  to  1891   511 

imports  and  exports  of  wool  and  manufactures  of,  1874-1891   513 

exports  of  wool  manufactures  to  United  States,  1821-1893    319 

exports  of  raw  wool  to  the  United  States   304 

import  duties  on  wool   473 

Beltings,  imports  and  duties,  1867-1883    386 

1884-1891   426 

Belts  for  paper,  endless,  1861-1866   333 

1867-1883    380 

1884-1893    415 

Belts  or  felts,  endless,  duties  on   94 

Bindings,  imports  and  duties,  1867-1883    386 

1884-1891    426 

worsted,  decision     231 

Blanketing  of  wool,  decision   174 

Blankets,  duties  on  :   94 

imports  and  duties,  1821-1866    328 

1867-1883    362 

1884-1893    404 

Bookings.    (See  Carpets.) 

Bonnets,  woolen,  decision  :   135 

Boston,  imports  of  raw  wool  into,  1856-1893    323 

by  countries  of  immediate  shipment,  1882- 

1893   433 

Braces.    (See  Webbings.) 

Braid,  silk  and  wool,  decision   297 

Braids,  imports  and  duties,  1867-1883   386 

1884-1891   .   426 

Brazil,  exports  of  raw  wool  to  the  United  States   310 

exports  of  wool,  1892   664 

Brazos  de  Santiago,  imports  of  raw  wool  into,  1856-1893   326 

British  Columbia.    (See  Canada). 

British  Honduras,  exports  of  raw  wool  to  the  United  States   310 

British  India,  sheep  in   652 

imports  and  exports  wool  and  manufactures  of   652 

Broche  carpets,  decision   158 

Brokerage  on  wool,  decision . . .   282 

Brush  bags,  decision   171 


INDEX.  685 

Page. 

Buggy  aprons,  decision   194 

Bulgaria,  import  duties  on  wool   474 

Bunting,  imports  and  duties,  1861   328 

1867-1883   376 

Burchard,  W   21 

Buttons,  imports  and  duties,  1867-1883   386 

1884-1891   426 

Byzantine,  carpets,  decision   133 

Cabinets  of  wool  samples,  decision   279 

California,  decrease  in  clip  .    6 

Camels7  hair,  China,  decision   254 

cloaMngs,  decision  .   250 

imports,  1891-1893   400 

tops,  decision   153 

Canada,  Dominion  of,  number  of  sheep  in   477 

imports  and  exports  of  wool  and  manufactures,  1878- 

1892,  1889-1893    477, 478 

exports  of  raw  wool  to  the  United  States   310 

exports  of  woolen  manufactures  to  United  States, 

1821-1893   319 

pulled  wool,  decision   231 

Canvas,  painters,  decision   248,  295 

upholstery,  decision   251 

Cape  of  Good  Hope,  number  of  sheep  in   654 

exports  of  raw  wool   654 

imports  of  manufactures  of  wool   654 

Cape  skins,  wool  on,  decision   211 

Cape  wool,  snow  white,  decision   154 

Caps,  fez,  decision   244 

knit  wool,  decision   214 

not  hats,  wool,  decision   253 

tweed.    (See  Hats.) 

Carbonated  wool  waste,  decision  167, 190 

Carbonized  wool,  no  drawback,  decision   298 

Carpet,  Kalmuc,  plain  filling,  decision   200 

wool,  decision   143, 223 

wools  of  Russia   550 

(See  Wools,  Raw.) 

Carpets,  Byzantine,  decision   133 

broche,  decision   158 

Dutch,  decision   192 

duties  on   96 

for  upholstery,  decision   246 

imports  and  duties,  1821-1866   329 

1867-1883   ;   348 

1884-1893    407 

ingrain,  decision   170 

samples  of,  decision   190 

tapestry,  decision   126 

Weardle,  decision   152 

Carriage  aprons,  decision   279 

robes,  decision   150,  171 

Cashmere  gloves  and  hosiery,  decision   203 

goat  hair,  decision   140 

Cassimeres.    (See  Cloths.) 


686  INDEX. 

Page. 

Central  America,  exports  of  raw  wool  to  the  United  States   310 

Ceylon,  number  of  sheep  in   653 

Charges,  dutiable  211,  255 

eruballeur,  decision   230 

Cheviots,  decision   174 

Chevrette,  white,  decision   195 

Chile,  exports  of  wool,  1892   664 

raw  wool  to  the  United  States   313 

China  camels  hair,  decision   254 

China,  wool  interests   635 

exports  of  wool   636 

Chinese  trousers,  decision  ,  .   266 

Church  seating,  decision   173 

Classification  of  wool   141 

Cloakings,  camels  hair,  decision   250 

silk  and  wool,  decision   194 

Cloaks  of  wool  and  fur,  decision   136 

partly  of  wool,  decision  .   134 

silk  and  wool,  decision   194 

wool  and  rubber,  decision   145 

Cloth,  cravenette,  decision   280 

"  fancy  zephyr, 99  decision   156 

"gloria,"  decision   161,  247, 297 

woolen,  duties  on   103 

Clothing,  horse,  decision   162 

imports  and  duties,  1821-1866   331 

1867-1883   378 

1884-1893    419 

of  woolens,  duties  on   103 

ready  made,  decision   209 

wools.    (See  Wools,  raw.) 

Cloths  and  eassimere,  imports  and  duties,  1821-66   321 

1867-'83....   377 

1884->93   411 

umbrella,  wool  and  cotton,  decision   139 

worsted,  decision   178 

Coates  Bros   61-84 

Coatings,  worsted,  in  part  of  wool,  decision   151 

worsted,  wool  back,  decision   174 

Coat  linings,  decision   175 

worsted  and  cotton,  decision   131 

Coffin  cloth,  decision   173 

Combing  wools.    (Se,e  Wools,  raw.) 

Constitutionality,  act  May,  1890    204 

Cords  and  tassels.    (See  Webbings.) 

Cork  soles,  decision   167 

Corpus  Christi,  imports  of  raw  wool  into,  1856-93    326 

Corsets,  cotton  and  wool,  decision   225 

Cotton  and  wool  gloves,  decision   132 

embroidered  with  worsted,  decision   130 

Cotton.    (/See  Worsted.) 

(See  Upholstery,  shortings.) 

umbrella  cloths,  decision   139 

Cottonettes,  decision   241 

Covers,  piano  and  table,  decision   175,  252 

embroidered,  decision   252, 289 


INDEX. 


687 


Page. 

Cravenette  cloth,  decision   280 

Crimped  wool,  decision   251 

Croise,  decision   156,160,170 

Crowns,  hat,  decision   213,  296 

Crurnb  cloths,  decision   153 

Decisions,  tariff   116 

1  >egras,  decision   227,  236,  279 

Denmark,  wool  interests   513 

tariff  on  wool   473,513 

imports,  and  exports,  wool,  and  manufactures  of,  1874-1891   514 

Dentelles,  decision   166 

Diarbkkik,  sheep  and  wool  in   644 

Djidjims,  embroidered,  decision   297 

Donskoi  wool,  decision   152 

wool   550 

Dress  and  piece  goods,  imports  and  duties,  1866   332 

1867-1883    357 

1884-1893    413 

goods,  decision   132,  202,  208,  215,  228 

duties  on   104 

Mouselaine-de-laine,  decision   150 

silk  chief  value,  decision   257 

women's  and  childrens7,  decision   295 

wool  and  cotton,  decision  \   192 

worsted,  decision   138,  156,  229,  234 

patterns,  embroidered  wool,  decision   199,224 

Drawback  on  exported  wool,  decision   246,  296,  298,  302 

Druggets.    (See  Carpets.) 

Dutch  carpets,  decision   192. 

Dutiable  charges   211,255 

Duties,  foreign,  on  imported  wool   473 

reappraisement  for   138, 159 

Duty,  highest  rate,  decision  *   136 

on  wool,  additional,  decision   148 

East  India  wools,  decision   284 

Egypt,  imports  and  exports  of  wool   651 

number  of  sheep  in   651 

Embroidered  djidjims,  decision   297 

Embroideries,  cotton,  decision   253 

decision   159, 162, 199,  252,  264,  283 

(See  Robe  patterns.) 
England.    (See  United  Kingdom.) 

Eskissar  wools,  decision   173 

European  sheep  industry,  decline  of   11 

Europe,  exports  of  woolen  manufacturers  to  the  United  States,  1821-1893   319 

exports  of  raw  wool  to  the  United  States   307 

imports  of  wool  ■   22 

Exportation,  port  of,  defined   126 

Fabrics,  elastic,  wool,  decision   210 

pile,  decision   227,  232,  246 

"  Fancy  zephyr  cloth,"  decision   156 

Felt  hair,  decision  _ .  158 

hats,  varnished,  decision   214 

saddle,  decision   163 

shoes,  decision  . , , . .   148 


688 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Felts,  endless,  decision   233 

endless,  duties  on   94 

Felts.    (See  Belts.) 

Fez  caps,  decision   244 

Fichus,  merino,  decision   124 

Figures,  wax,  dressed,  decision  .  .   154 

Flannels,  decision   191, 195, 218,  242 

house,  decision   249 

duties  on   105 

imports  and  duties,  1821-1866   333 

1867-1883   365 

1884-1893   416 

Fleeces,  weights  of   19 

Flocks.    (See  Shoddy.) 

Foule  serge,  decision   201 

France,  wool  market,  1892    514 

prices  in   514,  515 

domestic  clip   515 

number  of  sheep  in   515 

wool,  consumption  of  1 .  516 

prices  of,  1861-1891    516 

tariff  on   473,517 

imports  and  exports,  1861-1891   518 

imports  of  raw,  by  countries,  1883-1892    519 

exports  of  raw,  by  countries,  1883-1892    521 

to  the  United  States   304 

exports  of  manufactures  of,  by  countries,  1883-1892   524 

1892   531 

exports  of  manufactures  of,  to  United  States,  1821-1893   319 

Fringes.    (See  Webbings.) 

Fur  cloaks,  decision   136 

Gaiter  webbing,  elastic,  decision   161 

Galloons,  imports  and  duties  1867-1883   386 

1884-1891   •   426 

worsted,  decision   231 

Garments,  fur-lined,  decision   290 

Garnetted  thread  waste,  decision   168, 190 

Germany,  wool  interests  of   13,  531 

wool  imports  and  exports,  1892   532 

tariff  on  wool   473,533 

number  of  sheep,  1873-1883,  1892   533 

imports  and  exports  of  wool  and  manufactures  of,  1875-1891    534 

exports  of  raw  wool  to  the  United  States  »   304 

wool  manufactures  to  United  States,  1821-1893   319 

wools  of,  in  England   531 

Gimps.    (See  Webbings.) 

Gloria  cloth,  decision   161,  247,  297 

Gloves,  Cashmere,  decision   203 

cotton  and  wool,  decision   132 

knit,  wool,  decision   182 

Goat  hair,  carded,  decision   144 

Cashmere,  decision   140 

of  the  common  goat,  decision   160, 218 

decision   155, 195 


INDEX. 


689 


Pag©. 

Goat  hair,  manufactures  of,  duties  on   106 

Goatskins,  Angora,  decision   146,  234 

with  hair  on,  decision   145, 146 

Goats,  number  of,  in  world   467,  471 

Goods,  woolen  and  worsted,  weight  of,  decision   178 

worsted  and  silk,  decision   266 

Gorings.    (See  Webbings.) 

Grease,  wool,  decision   169,  227,  236,  279 

Greece,  import  duties  on  wool   474 

Gulf  ports,  imports  of  raw  wool  into,  1856-1893    326 

Hair  felt,  decision   158 

Hair,  foreign  import  duties   473 

goat,  carded,  decision   144 

decision   155,195 

(See  Angora  and  Cashmere.) 

imitation,  decision   251 

on  goat  skins,  decision   145,146 

shoes,  Chinese,  decision   156 

yarn,  decision   144 

(See  Camel.) 

Hasloch  wool,  Scotch,  decision   301 

Hat  crowns,  decision   213,  296 

Hats  and  hat  bodies,  imports  and  duties .  1833-1866,  334 ;  1867-1883,  381 ;  1884-1893,  419 

felt,  varnished,  decision   214 

mourning  bands,  decision   129 

tweed,  decision   130, 147, 169 

miners'  i   193,260 

sailor   197 

not  caps,  wool,  decision   253 

wool,  decision   225,226 

duties  on   106 

Head  nets.    (See  Webbings.) 

Heenan,  Thomas  E.,  report  on  Russian  wool   552 

Henriettas,  silk  warp,  decision   215 

Holland,  import  duties  on  wool    ,   473 

Horse  clothing,  decision   162 

Hose,  merino,  decision   164 

Hosiery,  Cashmere,  decision   203 

Saxolaine,  decision   157 

(See  Knit  goods.) 

House  flannel,  decision   249 

Hungary.    (See  Austria-Hungary.) 

Ice  wool  squares,  decision   300 

Imports  of  and  duties  on  woolen  manufactures,  1821-1866   328 

wool  and  manufactures  of   338 

Ingrain  carpets,  decision  "   170 

Ink  blotters,  wool,  decision   146 

Interior  ports,  imports  raw  wool  into,  1856-1893   327 

Ireland.  (See  United  Kingdom.) 
Italian  cloths.    (See  Dress  goods.) 

Italy,  number  of  sheep  in   535 

imports  of  wool, 1892   535 

domestic  clip,  1890   536 

tariff  on  wools   474,  539 

imports  of  wool  and  manufactures  of,  1874-1891   539 

H.  Mis.  94  44 


690  INDEX. 

Pag©. 

Italy,  exports  of  raw  wool  to  the  United  States   304 

Jackets  for  printing  machines,  decision   239 

leather  and  wool,  decision  .   150 

smoking,  decision   247 

Jamaica,  imports  of  woolen  manufactures,  1877-1892    664 

Japan,  wool  interests   637 

Jipins,  rugs,  decision   200 

Kalmuc  carpet,  plain  filling,  decision   200 

Kastamoonee,  sheep  and  wool  in   645 

Knit  goods,  decision   132,  220,  225,  284 

duties  on   107 

imports  and  duties,  1824-1866    334 

1867-1883    369 

1884-1893    421 

silk  and  wool,  decision   213 

silk  chief  value,  decision   215 

woolen,  decision   126,  202 

Konieh,  sheep  and  wool  in   645 

Lace  goods,  wool,  decision   155 

Laces,  duties  on  ■   109 

worsted,  decision   198 

worsted  for  dress  trimmings,  decision   130 

Lace  tidies,  linen,  decision   197 

Lake  ports,  imports  raw  wool  into,  1856-1893   327 

Lambs,  number  of,  in  world   467,471 

Lappings,  machine,  decision   191 

Laps,  broken,  decision   189 

Lastings,  decision   128  - 

duties  on   109 

Leather  and  wool  shoes,  decision   216 

jackets,  lined  with  wool,  decision   150 

Letter  of  transmittal   3 

Linen  lace  tidies,  decision   197 

Linings,  coat,  decision   175 

worsted  and  cotton,  decision   131 

Listings,  duties  on   109 

Llama  goods,  decision   165 

London  wool  market,  1887-1894   562 

Machine  lappings,  decision   191 

Manitoba.    (See  Canada.) 

Mantlings,  worsted,  decision   167 

Manufactures  of  wool,  imports  into  the  United  States,  1821  to  1893    319 

woolen,  not  elsewhere  specified   109 

worsted,  duties  on   110, 113 

Masks,  decision   193,  288 

Matelasse*  wool,  decision   149 

Mats  of  silk,  cotton,  and  worsted,  decision   129 

sheepskin,  decision   168,  222 

Mauger  &  Avery   59 

Mauritius,  imports  of  woolen  manufactures,  1877-1891   664 

Merino  fichus,  decision   124 

goods,  decision   128 

hose,  decision   164 

Metal,  table  covers,  in  part,  decision   217 

Mexico,  wool  exports,  1882-1892   657 


INDEX.  691  ' 

Paga 

Mexico,  exports  of  raw  wool  to  the  United  States   310 

woolen  manufactures  to  United  States,  1821-1893    321 

wools  of,  decision   151, 157 

Miners'  hats,  decision   193,  260 

Mixed  goods,  decisions   128-143, 157, 163 

Mohair,  manufactures  of,  duties  on   106 

noils,  decision   134,140,152 

prices  of,  1856-1893   577 

tops,  decision   199 

Moquette,  decision   145,232 

Moreeus,  worsted,  decision   229 

Morocco,  exports  of  raw  wool,  1891-1892   651 

Mosul,  sheep  and  wool   642 

Mourning  hands  for  hats,  decision   129 

Mousseline  de  laine  dress  goods,  decision    150 

Mufflers,  decision   226 

Mungo.    (See  Shoddy.) 

Mustaches,  toy,  decision   288 

Mutton,  sheep  raising  for   19 

Natal,  number  of  sheep  in   653 

wool  imports  and  exports   653 

Netherlands,  imports  of  wool,  1888-1892   540 

exports  of  wool,  1888-1892   543 

imports  and  exports  of  wool  and  manufactures  of,  1866-1891 . . .  547 
exports  of  woolen  manufactures  to  United  States,  1821-1893  .  319 
Neumann-Spallart,  Dr.  F.  X.  von,  estimate  wool  product  of 

world   14 

New  Brunswick.    (See  Canada.) 

New  York,  imports  of  raw  wool  into,  1856-1893   ,  323 

imports  of  raw  wool  into,  by  countries  of  production  and  immedi- 
ate shipment,  1882-1893   433 

New  South  Wales,  number  of  sheep  in,  1854-1892    665 

1860-1891    670 

by  electoral  districts,  1886  and  1892.  670 

by  sheep  districts,  1891   672 

imports  and  exports  of  wool,  1875-1892   672 

exports  of  wool  by  countries,  1889-1891   673 

exports  of  domestic  wools,  washed  and  greasy,  1877-1891 . .  673 

internal  movement  of  wool  industry   7 

New  Zealand,  number  of  sheep  in,  1856-1892   665 

exports  of  wool,  1875-1892   681 

imports  of  manufactures  of  wool,  1875-1892    681 

Noils',  alpaca,  decision   254 

mohair,  decision   134, 140, 152 

wool,  classification   127 

decision   125, 152, 161, 176,  212 

(See  Eags.) 

Northern  border  ports,  imports  of  raw  wool  into,  1856-1893    327 

Northwest  Territory.    (See  Canada.) 

Norway,  number  of  sheep  in   548 

imports  of  wool  and  manufactures  of   548 

import  duties  on  wool   473 

Nova  Scotia.    (See  Canada.) 

Nuns7  veils,  decision   230,  248 

Oceanica,  exports  woolen  manufactures  to  United  States,  1821-1893    321 


692 


INDEX. 


Ontario.    (See  Canada.)  Page. 

Pacific  ports,  imports  raw  wool  into,  1856-1893    327 

Painters'  canvas,  decision   248,295 

Painters'  tapestry,  decision   295 

Paintings  on  worsted,  decision   139 

Patterns,  dress,  embroidered  wool,  decision   199,  224 

robe,  decision   243,  301 

slipper,  decision   159, 227 

Pelt,  wool  washed  on,  decision   243 

Persia,  exports  of  raw  wool,  1891-1892    650 

Peru,  exports  of  wool,  1892   664 

Philadelphia,  imports  of  raw  wool  into,  1856-1893   324 

imports  of  raw  wool  into,  by  countries  of  production  and 

immediate  shipment,  1882-1893   433 

Piece  goods.    (See  Dress  goods.) 

Pile  fabrics,  decision   227,  232,  246 

(See  Plushes.) 

Plushes,  imports  and  duties,  1891-1893   418 

silk  and  worsted,  decision   224,  228 

woolen,  decision   242 

Portieres,  worsted,  decision   201 

Port  of  exportation,  wools,  decision   126 

Portugal,  exports  of  raw  wool  to  the  United  States   304 

imports  and  exports  of  wool  and  manufactures  of,  1874-1890   549 

import  duties  on  wool  -   473 

Press  cloth,  decision   170 

Prices,  import  and  export,  Belgium   511 

import,  United  States,  1867  to  1893    51 

import,  United  States  and  United  Kingdom   24 

of  Lincoln  wool,  1812-1893   !   577 

alpaca  and  mohair,  1856-1893   577 

alpaca,  prices  of,  1856-1893   577 

of  wool  in  France   515,  516 

wool,  London   573 

Prince  Edward  Island.    (See  Canada). 

Pulled  wool,  duty  on,  decision   235,  675  . 

Queensland,  number  of  sheep  in,  by  police  districts,  1886-1890   675 

1860-1892   665 

exports  of  wool,  1875-1892   676 

Rabbit's  hair,  yarn,  decision   124 

Rags,  duties  on   Ill 

shoddy,  mungo  waste,  and  flocks,  imports  and  duties,  1884-1893   401 

Reappraisement  for  duties,  woolen  goods   138 

of  wool,  decision   159 

Refunds,  decision   227 

Repacking  of  wool  in  warehouse   148 

Report,  conclusions  of   25 

scope  of   9 

Ribbons,  velvet,  decision   295 

Ring  waste,  decision   158, 198,  220, 223 

Robe  patterns,  decision   243 

Robes,  woolen,  decision   224 

embroidered,  decision   264,289 

Roumania,  import  duties  on  wool   474 

Roumanian  wools,  decision   173 

Rubber  waterproof  cloaks,  decision   145,210,238 


INDEX.  693 

Page. 

Rubles,  paper,  of  Russia,  decision   240 

Rugs  and  blankets,  traveling,  decision   150, 171,  217,  287 

Jipins,  decision   200 

sheepskin,  decision   168 

Wilton,  drawback  on,  decision   302 

woolen,  decision   268 

(See  Carpets.) 

Russia,  number  of  sheep  in   549 

changes  in  wool  industry   549 

tariff  on  wool  :   473,550 

carpet  wools  of   550 

exports  of  raw  wools,  1888-1892   553 

exports  and  imports  of  wool  and  manufactures  of,  1866-1891    556 

exports  of  raw  wool  to  the  United  States   307 

paper  rubles  of,  decision   240 

Saddlebags,  decision    159 

Saddlefelt,  decision   163 

Sailor  hats,  decision   197 

Samples  of  carpets,  decision  _   190 

of  wool,  decision   236,  269,  291,  300 

Saxolaine  hosiery,  decision   157 

Scapularies,  part  wool,  decision   239 

Schwartze,  Helmuth  &  Co.,  wool  circulars,  1887-1894   562 

Scotland.    (See  United  Kingdom.) 

Scott,  George,  report  on  Russian  wools   551 

Scoured  wool,  decision   154, 165,  235 

wool  tops,  decision   176 

Shanghai  taels,  decision  ,   245 

Shawls,  decision   135 

worsted,  decision   123,  250 

duties  on   112 

imports  and  duties,  1833-1866    334 

1867-1883   385 

1884-1893   424 

worsted  silk  embroidered,  decision   266 

and  cotton  embroidered,  decision  ...  283 

Shearlings,  wool  of,  decision   154,201,260 

Sheep,  number  of,  in  world   467,471 

by  States,  1840  to  1890   32 

1875  to  1894   36 

in  Europe,  decrease  of   11 

raising,  comparative  advantages  or  disadvantages   10 

general  depression  of   15 

skins,  rugs,  and  mats,  decision   168,222 

with  wool  on,  decision   169,  232 

Shetland  veils,  decision   288 

Shirtings,  cotton,  wool,  and  silk,  decision   217 

Shirts.    (See  Knit  goods.) 

Shoddy,  duties  on   Ill 

imports  and  duties,  1861-1866   334 

1867-1883   384 

1884-1893     401 

manufacture,  United  States,  1890   58 

Shoes,  Chinese  hair,  decision  «.   356 


694  INDEX. 

Page. 

Shoes,  felt,  decision   148 

of  wool  and  leather,  decision    216 

Shooda,  decision   170 

Silk  and  wool  braid,  decision   297 

cloth,  decision   128, 143,  213 

worsted  manufactures,  duties  on   112 

dress  goods,  decision   257 

embroidered  shawls,  decision    266 

(See  Cloakings,  Knit  goods,  Upholstery,  Shirtings,  Plushes,  Henriettas, 
Robe  patterns.) 

spun,  decision   194 

Skins  with  wool  on,  decision   123,  255,  266,  281,  282,  283 

Skirted  wools,  decision   236,  255 

Sliped  wool,  decision   167 

Slipper  paterns,  decision   159,  227 

Soles,  cork,  decision   •  167 

South  America,  exports  of  raw  wool  to  the  United  States    313 

woolen  manufactures  to  United  States,  1821-1893. ..  321 

South  Australia,  number  of  sheep  in,  1854-1892   665 

by  divisions  and  counties,  1872-1893    677 

imports  and  exports  of  wool,  1875-1892   677 

Spain,  duties  on  wool   474 

exports  of  raw  wool,  1880  and  1891   557 

imports  of  manufactures  of  wool,  1866-1891    558 

exports  of  raw  wool,  1866-1891   558 

to  the  United  States   307 

to  England,  1831-1840   556 

principal  source  of  merino  wools   12 

Spun  silk,  decision   194 

Squares,  ice  wool,  decision   300 

Sweden,  import  duties  on  wool   473 

imports  of  wool  and  manufactures  of,  1873-1891    559 

Switzerland,  imports  and  exports  of  wool  and  manufactures  of,  1885-1891. . .  559 

import  duties  on  wool   474 

Suspenders.     (See  Webbings.) 

Syria,  sheep  and  wool  in   646 

Table  covers,  in  part  metal,  decision   217 

Taels  Shanghai,  decision   245 

Tapestry  carpets,  decison   126 

painters,  decision   295 

Tariff  decisions   115 

Tariff  on  imported  wools.    (See  Duties  and  under  each  country.) 

laws  on  wool  and  woolens,  1789-1890    89 

law,  1883,  duties  on  wool  and  woolens   117 

1890,  duties  on  wool  and  woolens  ..   119 

Tasmania,  number  of  sheep  in,  1854-1892    665 

exports  of  wool,  1875-1892   681 

Tennis  balls,  decision   212 

cloth  and  suitings,  decision   165 

Thread  waste,  decision   166, 168 

Tidies,  antique  worsted,  decision  ^  r   259 

linen  lace,  decision   197 

Toilet  mats,  decision   129 

Tops  camels'  hair,  decision   153 


INDEX.  695 

Page. 

Tops  Mohair,  decision   199 

wool,  broken,  decision   177 

decision   147 

scoured,  decision   176 

Toy  mustaches,  decision   288 

Trimmings,  dress,  of  worsted  laces,  decision   130 

Trousers,  Chinese,  decision   266 

Tunis,  exports  of  raw  wool,  1891-1892  ,   652 

Turbans,  woolen,  decision   136 

Turkish  wools,  decision   173 

Turkey  in  Asia,  sheep  and  wool  interests   640 

Turkey  in  Europe,  exports  of  raw  wool  to  the  United  States   307 

1891-1892   650 

import  duties  on  wool   474  • 

Adrianople  wool,  decision   *  196 

Tweed  hats,  decision  130, 147, 169 

Umbrella  cloths,  wool  and  cotton,  decision   139 

Underwear.    (See  Knit  goods). 

United  Kingdom,  number  of  sheep  in   560 

domestic  clip  of  wool   560 

domestic  clip  of  wool,  1893   561 

London  wool  market,  1887-1894    562 

prices  of  wool,  1886-1893   573,574 

colonial  wools,  1860-1893    574 

import  prices,  1878-1892   575 

export  prices,  1878-1892    576 

imports  of  wool,  1844-1860   578 

1861-1892    579 

by  countries,  1888-1892    582 

yarn,  1888-1892    586 

woolen  manufactures   586 

exports  of  woolen  manufactures,  1886-1893    590 

1888-1892    592 

imports  of  wool  by  countries   13 

exports  of  raw  wool  to  the  United  States   307 

wool  manufactures  to  United  States,  1821-1893 . .  319 

dominant  position  in  wool   9 

United  States,  domestic  wool  clip,  1872  to  1893    16, 17 

distribution  of  sheep  in   18 

sheep,  distribution,  east  and  west  of  Mississippi   18 

wool  clip,  east  and  west  of  Mississippi   18 

sheep  and  wool  clip  by  States,  1840  to  1890   32 

wool  clip,  by  States,  1866  to  1893    42 

sheep  industry   5 

exports  of  domestic  wool,  1821  to  1893   85 

sheep,  1821-1893    85 

exports  of  manufactures  of  wool,  1864-1893   85 

rates  of  duty  on  wool  and  manufactures  of,  1789-1890    87 

imports  of  wool  by  countries   13 

imports  of  wool,  1817  to  1821   23 

woolen  manufactures  imported  into,  1821-1893   319,  338 

imports  of,  by  geographical  divisions,  1856-1893    323 

manufactures,  by  States,  1860  to  1890    52 

establishments  -   52 


696  INDEX. 

Page. 

United  States,  wool  manufactures,  capital  invested   52 

hands  employed  and  wages  paid  .   53 

cost  of  materials  used   54 

value  of  products   55 

1880  to  1890   56 

Upholstery,  wool,  silk,  and  cotton,  decision   216,237,251 

Uruguay,  exports  of  wool,  1888-1892   663 

raw  wool  to  the  United  States   313 

Value  of  wool,  port  of  shipment,  decision   176 

Veilings,  worsted,  decision   163 

Veils,  nuns,  decision   230,  248 

Shetland,  decision   288 

Velvet  ribbons,  decision   295 

Venezuela,  exports  of  raw  wool  to  the  United  States   313 

Victoria,  number  of  sheep  in,  1854  1892   665 

by  shires,  1883  and  1891   666 

1836-1890    667 

exports  of  wool,  1836-1890   667 

raw  wools,  1888-1890,  by  countries   668 

imports  and  exports  of  wool,  1875-1892   669 

exports  of  greasy  wool,  1880-1890   669 

important  changes  in  sheep  districts   7 

Wages  in  wool  industry   10 

Warehouse,  repacking  of  wool   148 

Washed  wools,  decision   165 

Waste,  ring,  decision   158, 198,  220,  223 

thread  decision   166, 168 

wool  or  worsted,  decision   189 

wools,  decision   137, 157, 167, 172, 173, 189,  256 

worsted,  decision   172, 173, 189, 190 

(See  Shoddy.) 

Wax  figures,  dressed,  decision  „   154 

Weardale  carpets,  decision   153 

Webbing,  duties  on   112 

elastic  gaiter,  decision   161 

Webbings,  brace  and  girth,  decision   164 

etc.,  imports  and  duties,  1867-1883    386 

1884-1891   426 

Weight  of  woolen  and  worsted  goods,  decision   178 

West  Indies,  exports  of  raw  wool  to  the  United  States   310 

exports  of  woolen  manufactures  to  the  United  States,  1821-1893. .  321 

Western  Australia,  number  of  sheep  in,  1854-1892.   665 

by  districts   674 

exports  of  raw  wool,  1883-1892    674 

White  Highland  wool,  decision   125 

Wilton  rugs,  drawback  on,  decision  ,   302 

Wool,  Adrianople,  decision   196 

additional  duty  on,  decision   148 

and  cotton  gloves,  decision   332 

leather  jackets,  decision   150 

silk,  mixed  goods,  decisions   128, 143,  213 

back  worsted  coatings,  deciskm   174 

baskets,  decision   189 

blanketing,  decision   174 


INDEX.  697 

Paga 

Wool,  bonnets,  decision   135 

brokerage  on,  decision   282 

Canadian  pulled,  decision   231 

carbonized,  no  drawback,  decision   298 

carpet,  decision   143,223 

classification  of  decision   141 

clip,  by  States,  1840  to  1890    33 

1866  to  1893    42 

cloaks,  decision   136 

cloaks,  part,  decision   134 

clothing,  imports  by  countries  of  production,  1882-1893   435 

commercial  features  emphasized   9 

commerce  of   20 

cost  of  weighing,  decision   255 

crimped,  decision   251 

Donskoi,  decision   152 

elastic  fabrics,  decision   210 

exported,  drawback  on,  decision   246,  296,  298,  302 

foreign  import  duties   473 

from  Barbados,  decision   143 

grease,  decision   169,  227,  236,  279 

hats,  decision   225,226 

ice  squares,  decision   300 

imports  into  the  United  States,  by  geographical  divisions,  1856-1893   323 

increase  in  consumption  in  United  States   8 

ink  blotters,  decision   146 

knit  caps,  decision   214 

knit  gloves,  decision   192 

lace  goods,  decision   155 

manufactures  of,  duties  on   93 

manufactures,  imports,  and  duties,  1821-1866   328 

1867-1883   338 

imports  into  the  United  States,  1821  to  1893    319 

market,  London,  1887-1894   562 

matelasse,  decision   149 

noils,  classification,  decision  •   127 

decision     125, 152, 161, 176,  212 

on  cape  skins,  decision   211 

shearlings,  decision   154,  201,  260 

sheep  skin,  decision   169,232 

skins,  decision   123,  255,  266,  281,  282,  283 

washed  on  the  pelt,  decision   243 

plush,  decision   242 

import  prices,  Belgium   511 

prices  of,  in  France   515,516 

New  York,  1824  to  1893   59 

Philadelphia,  1865  to  1894   61 

import  prices,  United  States  and  United  Kingdom   24 

United  States,  1867  to  1893    51 

production,  shifting  of  centers   12 

product  of  the  world,  increase  in   5 

world's  production   14, 15 

pulled,  duty  on,  decision   235 

reappraisements,  decision   159 


698 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Wool,  repacking  of,  in  warehouse,  decision   148 

rugs,  decision   268 

samples,  decision   236,  269,  291,  300 

Scotch  Hasloch,  decision   301 

scoured,  decision   154 

and  washed,  decision   165 

drawback  on,  decision   296 

waste,  decision   137 

shoes,  and  leather,  decision   216 

"  sliped,"  decision   167 

snow-white  cape   154 

sorted,  decision   252,260,301 

tops,  decision   147 

scoured,  decision   176 

broken   177 

turbans,  decision  _   136 

umbrella  cloths,  decision   139 

value  at  port  of  shipment,  decision   176 

waste,  decision   137, 157, 167, 172, 173, 189,  256 

weight  of  bales   20 

white  Highland,  decision   125 

yarns,  decision   133 

Wools,  carpet,  by  countries  of  production,  1882-1893    446 

prices  of  Lincoln  wool,  1812-1893    577 

combing,  by  countries  of  production,  1882-1893   441 

East  India,  decision   *  284 

last  port  of  exportation,  decision   126 

of  Mexico,  decision   151,157 

mixed,  decision   157,163 

raw,  duties  on  imported   89 

imported  into  the  United  States,  1882-1893   "...  304 

imports  and  duties,  1867-1883   338 

1884-1893   392 

imports,  by  countries  of  production  and  immediate  shipment, 

1882-1893   433 

(See  under  each  country.) 

skirted,  decision   236,  255 

third-class,  white,  decision   290 

sorted,  decision   232,  260,  285,  292,  298 

Turkish,  Eskissar,  and  Roumanian,  decision   173 

Worsted  antique  tidies,  decision   259 

and  cotton  coat  linings,  decision   131 

coatings,  decision   151 

wool  back,  decision   174 

cloths,  decision   178 

dress  goods,  decision   138, 156,  229,  234 

embroideries  on  cotton,  decision   130 

laces  for  dress  trimmings,  decision   130 

decision   198 

mantelings,  decision   167 

manufactures,  duties  on   110,113 

moreens,  decision   229 

paintings  on,  decision   139 

portieres,  decision   201 


INDEX.  699 

Page. 

Worsted  plushes,  decision   224 

shawls,  decision  123,  250 

ana*  cotton  shawls,  decision   283 

veilings,  decision   163 

waste,  decision  „  172, 173, 189, 190 

Worsteds,  act  of  May,  1890,  construed   204 

Wraps  and  slippers,  bath,  decision   162 

Yarn,  charges  for  winding,  etc.,  decision   244 

hair,  decision   144 

imports  and  exports.    (See  under  each  country.) 

Yarns,  imports  and  duties,  1833-1866    335 

1867-1883    387 

1884-1893    402 

woolen,  decision   133 

wool,  duties  on   113 

of  wool  and  rabbits  hair,  decision   124 

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